EP3533110A1 - Dual polarisierter hornstrahler - Google Patents
Dual polarisierter hornstrahlerInfo
- Publication number
- EP3533110A1 EP3533110A1 EP17808068.5A EP17808068A EP3533110A1 EP 3533110 A1 EP3533110 A1 EP 3533110A1 EP 17808068 A EP17808068 A EP 17808068A EP 3533110 A1 EP3533110 A1 EP 3533110A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- horn
- radiator
- section
- cross
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/0208—Corrugated horns
- H01Q13/0225—Corrugated horns of non-circular cross-section
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
- H01Q13/0258—Orthomode horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dual polarized horn with a first and a second polarization, which are fed separately from each other via a first waveguide and a second waveguide.
- the present invention relates to such a dual polarized horn for use as a mobile radio antenna, in particular for a mobile radio base station.
- Horn radiators are also referred to as waveguide radiators and usually have a horn, ie a hollow body open to one side, which is fed by a hollow conduit.
- Horn horns have hitherto been considered unsuitable for 3D beamsteering and 3D beamforming applications, since in the vertical and horizontal directions a radiator spacing of less than 1 ⁇ , preferably less than 0.7 ⁇ , and in particular less than 0.5 ⁇ , is advantageous. Smaller single-beam distances in particular improve the far-field group diagram, since with a single-beam spacing of less than 0.5 ⁇ no secondary main lobes occur in the far-field group diagram.
- dual-polarizing horn radiators A particular challenge in terms of compactness and electrical performance is represented by dual-polarizing horn radiators, since in this case one radiator is used for two generally different polarizations.
- compact dual polarized horns are powered by two separate orthogonal waveguides, or by a dual polarized waveguide.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a compact dual polarized horn with good electrical performance available.
- the present invention in a first aspect comprises a dual polarized horn having a first and a second polarization which are fed separately via a first waveguide and a second waveguide.
- one of the waveguides and in particular the first waveguide extends in the emission direction to its mouth in the horn and thereby has a cross section which extends in projection on the Aperturebene partially within and partially outside the aperture of the horn.
- the waveguides can be guided in a narrow space to the horn.
- the horn radiator can be made very compact, since its minimum size is no longer limited by the cross sections of the waveguides.
- the waveguide extends with its cross section in projection onto the aperture plane, partially under the aperture opening of an adjacent horn antenna.
- the details relating to the extent of a cross section of the waveguide preferably relate to the cross section of the waveguide at the height of the point of the mouth of the waveguide which is at the lowest point with respect to a direction normal to the aperture plane in the horn radiator.
- the waveguide has an end boundary wall which extends from a position projecting on the aperture plane outside the aperture of the horn antenna to an edge of the horn Mouth extending into the horn.
- the boundary wall is the wall of a short side of the waveguide.
- the electromagnetic field is guided into the horn of the horn.
- the boundary wall extends obliquely to the aperture plane.
- the present invention in a second aspect, comprises a dual polarized horn having a first and a second polarization which are fed separately via a first waveguide and a second waveguide.
- the two waveguides extend in the emission direction to their mouths in the horn, wherein at least one of the waveguide and in particular the first waveguide has a transformation section, through which its polarization in the aperture plane relative to the other waveguide is rotated before he flows into the horn radiator. This in turn allows a very compact arrangement of the waveguide.
- the two waveguides extend side by side and / or parallel to one another in the emission direction to their mouths in the horn steeler.
- the two waveguides initially have the same polarization, before the polarization of the one waveguide is rotated through the transformation section in the aperture plane with respect to the other waveguide.
- the transformation section has a twist, by which the polarization is rotated.
- a twist is also called a twist.
- the polarization of the second waveguide is not rotated, or the second waveguide has a transformation section in which one takes place at a different angle and in particular in the reverse direction than in the first waveguide.
- the second Waveguide therefore do not have a twist or a twist at a different angle than the first waveguide.
- the two waveguides can initially have the same polarization, wherein only the polarization of the first waveguide is rotated by 90 ° in order to be orthogonal to the polarization of the second waveguide in the region of the mouth in the horn.
- the cross section of the first waveguide decreases in the transformation section.
- the second waveguide may have a transformation section in which its cross-section is reduced.
- the two waveguides have a cross section with a long side and a short side, in particular a rectangular cross section.
- the waveguides have at least one cross-sectional constriction and / or at least one cross-sectional broadening.
- cross sections of adjacent waveguides can be interleaved.
- a cross-sectional widening or an end portion of the cross section of a waveguide can engage in a cross-sectional taper of an adjacent waveguide.
- the second waveguides can have a cross-sectional taper in which a cross-sectional widening or an end section of the cross-section of a first waveguide engages.
- a first waveguide can be arranged between two second waveguides with cross-sectional tapers, whose cross-sectional widening or end sections on both sides engage in the cross-sectional tapers of the second waveguides.
- the cross-sectional taper or cross-sectional broadening is preferably provided in each case in a middle region of the waveguide cross-section, in particular in a central region with respect to the H-field plane.
- the waveguides may have the cross-sectional taper or cross-sectional broadening in the feed section and / or in the transformation section and / or in the mouth section.
- the long sides of the two waveguides initially parallel to each other.
- the long sides of the waveguides are perpendicular to one another.
- the long sides of the two waveguides can extend parallel to one another in a feed section and are perpendicular to one another in a mouth section.
- the reduction of the cross section in the transformation section comprises at least one reduction of the short side and / or an enlargement of the ratio between the long side and the short side.
- horns according to the first and second aspects are each independent of the subject of the present invention.
- a horn antenna according to the invention particularly preferably has the features according to the first and the second aspect in combination.
- the horn antenna according to the invention is preferably a mobile radio radiator, in particular for a mobile radio base station.
- both waveguides are guided in the emission direction to the horn.
- the two waveguides extend side by side and / or parallel to one another in the emission direction to their mouths in the horn steeler.
- a course in the emission direction preferably means that the waveguide extends at an angle of less than 45 °, preferably less than 30 °, more preferably less than 10 °, to a normal on the aperture plane and / or to the main emission direction of the horn.
- the waveguide extends in a direction which is perpendicular to the aperture plane, and / or runs parallel to the main emission direction.
- the main emission direction is preferably perpendicular to the aperture plane of the horn antenna.
- the first and the second polarization are orthogonal to each other.
- the two waveguides preferably have an orthogonal polarization in the region of their mouth in the horn.
- the cross sections of the two waveguides can be rotated in the region of the mouth by 90 ° to each other.
- a cross section is preferably considered to be a section through the waveguide perpendicular to the course of the waveguide and / or a section in the aperture plane.
- the mouth of one of the waveguides and in particular the first waveguide in the horn along its long side an extension both parallel to the aperture plane and perpendicular to the aperture plane.
- one of the waveguides and in particular the first waveguide opens partially from the side and partially in the emission direction in the horn. This in turn allows optimal use of the available space.
- the long side of the mouth can have a first edge region extending in the aperture plane, and a second edge region extending perpendicular to the aperture plane.
- the long side of the mouth of the waveguide is arranged in a bottom region of the horn radiator running obliquely to the aperture plane and / or runs obliquely to the aperture plane.
- the bottom of the horn can have a funnel-shaped region and the mouth can be arranged on one side of the funnel-shaped region.
- an outer short side of the mouth is arranged higher than the opposite inner short side of the mouth.
- the extension parallel to the aperture plane and the extent perpendicular to the aperture plane may have a ratio between 1: 1 and 1: 8, preferably between 1: 2 and 1: 5.
- the extent is parallel to the aperture plane between 0.05 ⁇ and 0.4 ⁇ , preferably between 0.1 ⁇ and 0.3 ⁇ .
- the extent perpendicular to the aperture plane may be between 0.05 ⁇ and 1.5 ⁇ , preferably between 0.4 ⁇ and 1.0 ⁇ .
- ⁇ is the wavelength of a center frequency of a resonant frequency range of the horn, in particular of a lowest resonant frequency range.
- one of the waveguides and in particular the second waveguide is guided in the emission direction to the horn, wherein its cross section is in projection on the aperture plane within the aperture opening.
- the mouth of one of the waveguides and in particular of the second waveguide is arranged centrally in the horn with respect to the aperture opening.
- the bottom of the horn antenna may have a funnel-shaped region and the mouth of one of the waveguides and in particular of the second waveguide may be arranged at the tip of the funnel-shaped region.
- the dual-polarized horn radiator according to the invention may have material recesses and / or material inputs in at least one horn region, and in particular webs and / or steps and / or dielectrics extending in the vertical direction.
- the horn radiator can in particular form a ridge waveguide radiator.
- the web heap radiator can be designed without side walls, or have side walls.
- the webs preferably extend in the vertical direction. More preferably, the distance between the inwardly facing edges of the webs increases in the height direction.
- the stands may have a funnel shape and / or an exponential shape on their inward-facing side in the height direction.
- the horn radiator has a resonant frequency range in a range between 10 GHz and 100 GHz, preferably between 25 GHz and 50 GHz, which is preferably the lowest resonant frequency range.
- the maximum diameter of the aperture opening of the horn radiator is between 0.3 ⁇ and 1.4 ⁇ , preferably between 0.5 ⁇ and 1.1 ⁇ , more preferably between 0.6 ⁇ and 0.9 ⁇ .
- the horn radiator has a height between 0.5 ⁇ and 4 ⁇ , preferably between 1, 5 ⁇ and 2.5 ⁇ .
- ⁇ is the wavelength of a center frequency of a resonant frequency range of the horn, in particular of a lowest resonant frequency range.
- the horn of the horn radiator has a first horn region with substantially sidewalls extending in the main emission direction and a second horn region with funnel-shaped sidewalls, the height of the second horn region preferably being smaller than the height of the first horn region and / or being preferred the widening of the aperture opening in the second horn region is less than 50%, more preferably less than 20%. Furthermore, the first and the second horn region can merge continuously into one another.
- the horn radiator has a hexagonal or round aperture opening and / or base area.
- the present invention further comprises a radiator array of a plurality of dual-polarized horn radiators juxtaposed in a column or row, each of the horn radiators being fed by a first and a second waveguide.
- the waveguides of a column or row are each guided in the emission direction to their mouths in the horns, wherein each second waveguide in the column or row has a transformation section through which its polarization is rotated in the aperture plane before he flows into the horn radiator.
- the second aspect of the present invention provides that in each case a waveguide and in particular the first waveguide of a horn radiator extends in the emission direction to its mouth in the horn and thereby extends with its cross section in projection on the Aperturebene at least partially below the aperture of an adjacent horn.
- the emitter array is preferably a mobile radio antenna, in particular for a mobile radio base station.
- the single emitter spacing in the column and / or row is less than 1 ⁇ , preferably less than 0.85 ⁇ , more preferably less than 0.75 ⁇ , more preferably less than 0.5 ⁇ .
- the horns are arranged in a plurality of juxtaposed columns and / or rows and the sum of the Einzelstrahlerabstand in the column or row and the Einzelstrahlerabstand perpendicular to the column or row is less than 2 ⁇ , preferably less than 1, 7 ⁇ , more preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ .
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the center frequency of a resonant frequency range of the radiator array and in particular of the lowest resonant frequency range.
- the radiator array comprises a plurality of juxtaposed dual-polarized horns, as shown in more detail above.
- individual, several or all of the horn radiators of the radiator array may have one or more of the features which have been described above with regard to the horn radiators according to the invention.
- the horn radiators are arranged in a plurality of juxtaposed columns or a plurality of rows arranged next to one another, with the horn radiators preferably being adjacent Columns or rows are arranged offset from one another, wherein preferably the horns are arranged honeycomb.
- the radiator array has a feed network.
- the first waveguides and the second waveguides of the horn radiators arranged in a column or row preferably have a bend to the side in different height levels of the feed network.
- the first waveguide of the arranged in a column or row horn and / or the second waveguide arranged in a column or row horn in the same height level have a bend to the side.
- the waveguides of horns arranged in two adjacent rows or columns may have a bend to the side in different height levels.
- the waveguides of Hornstahler be fed individually.
- the first waveguides of the horn radiators arranged in a column or row and / or the second waveguides of the horn radiators arranged in a column or row are connected by a distributor to a common feed.
- the present invention further comprises array antennas comprising a plurality of subarrays, which are configured as described above.
- the present invention further comprises a mobile radio base station with one or more horns as described above and / or one or more radiator arrays as described above.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a horn radiator and a radiator array according to the first aspect of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the waveguide of a horn radiator or radiator array according to the second aspect
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a transformation section for a horn according to the second aspect with two diagrams showing the course of the E-field at the beginning and at the end of the transformation section,
- FIG. 5 shows schematic representations of three variants of waveguides for a horn according to the second aspect
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a horn radiator and a radiator array, in which the first and the second aspect of the present invention are realized in combination
- 7a shows a variant of the overlapping area of the two polarizations in a horn antenna according to the first and / or second aspect of the present invention
- FIG. 7b a plurality of sectional views at different heights for the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows two further embodiments of a horn radiator according to the invention, which is designed as a bridge cavity radiator with or without side walls,
- FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of a radiator array according to the invention with a detailed view of one of the horn radiators used in a perspective from above,
- Fig. 12 above a top view of the illustrated in Fig. 9 embodiment of a radiator array according to the invention and below a view of the embodiment seen from the side of the distribution network, i. from underneath,
- FIG. 15 at the top the E field in a horn with excitation of the second polarization and below the E field with excitation of the first polarization, in each case at phase 0 ° and 90 °, FIG.
- Fig. 16a the S-parameter in a Smith chart in the range between 27 GHz and
- FIG. 16b shows a diagram of the S parameter for the isolation between the individual ports for the frequency range between 27 GHz and 32 GHz
- 17a shows the S parameter in a Smith chart for the frequency range between 27.5 GHz and 28.5 GHz
- Fig. 17b the S-parameter for the isolation between the individual ports in one
- FIG. 18 shows the far-field diagram in the horizontal and vertical directions for the two ports shown on the left, in each case at 28 GHz and at 32 GHz, FIG.
- FIG. 20 shows three variants for the base area or aperture opening of the horn radiators according to the invention.
- Fig. 21 two possible embodiments of a feed network for a radiator array according to the invention, wherein on the left an embodiment with Single feed the individual ports, and on the right an embodiment with group feed of the respective identical polarizations is shown within a column.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of two dual polarized horns 20 and 20 'according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the two radiators thus simultaneously form an exemplary embodiment of an inventive radiator array.
- the two horns 20 and 20 'each have a horn, d. H. a hollow body open in the main emission direction, via which electromagnetic waves are radiated or received.
- the horn is fed by waveguides, which are shown in FIG. 1 only with their end region.
- the polarizations of the two waveguides or guided by the waveguide electromagnetic waves are in the region of the mouth of the waveguide in the horn each perpendicular to each other.
- the first waveguide 1 or 1 ' according to the first aspect of the present invention from bottom to top, i. in the emission direction, guided to the hollow radiator, wherein its cross section in the region of the mouth in the horn only partially overlaps with the aperture 22 of the hollow radiator 20 or 20 ', which it supplies with signals, and is partially outside the aperture opening.
- the waveguides 1 and 1 ' preferably extend in the main emission direction and / or perpendicular to the aperture plane.
- the first waveguide 1 ' which supplies the horn antenna 20' with signals, therefore partially below the aperture 22 of this horn 20 ', and partially below the Apertureö réelle 22 of the adjacent horn antenna 20.
- the first waveguide 1 has a boundary wall 27, which extends from a position outside the aperture opening of the horn radiator obliquely upwards to the mouth 23 in the horn.
- the boundary wall 27 is the wall of a short side of the first waveguide. The boundary wall 27 simultaneously forms a bottom region of the adjacent horn radiator.
- the mouth 23 of the first waveguide 1 thus has both an extension 25 in a direction normal to the aperture plane, and an extension 26 within the aperture plane.
- the opening 23 for this a kink, ie the opening is bounded by a vertical edge 25 and a horizontal edge 26.
- the mouth 23 may also have an edge extending obliquely to the aperture plane.
- the opening 24 with which the second waveguide discharges into the horn radiator is located completely within the aperture opening and the bottom region of the respective horn radiator.
- the opening 24 is arranged centrally with respect to the aperture opening of the respective horn radiator.
- the horns each have an overlapping area 30 in which the superimposition of the two polarizations takes place, and which is formed by the bottom of the horn and a wall region of the horn extending up to the upper end of the mouth 23 of the waveguide.
- a lower horn region 28 follows, in which the horn extends substantially vertically upward, i. in the main emission direction and / or perpendicular to the aperture plane, and an upper horn region 29, in which the horn expands outwards.
- FIG. 1 only two horn horns according to the invention are shown by way of example. Of course, however, more than two such radiators can be arranged in a row or column next to each other. Furthermore, the horns in the exemplary embodiment in each case a hexagonal basic shape, so that a honeycomb arrangement of several columns and rows next to each other is possible.
- FIG. 2 shows the concept underlying a dual-polarized horn radiator or a corresponding radiator array according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the supply of the two polarizations takes place via separate waveguides 1 and 2.
- the waveguides are guided parallel to one another in a feed section 3, with which they are connected to a feed network, and have the same polarization orientation there.
- the E-field is shown schematically as an arrow.
- the polarizations for the first and the second waveguide have a different orientation.
- the polarizations are perpendicular to each other.
- a transformation section is provided between the feed section 3 and the mouth section 5, which serves for the field and / or impedance transformation.
- the first waveguide in the transformation section has a twist or a twist, by means of which its polarization is rotated relative to the other waveguide.
- the waveguides 1 and 2 are parallel from the feed section 3 via the transformation section 4 to the mouth section 5 from bottom to top, i. guided in the emission direction and in particular perpendicular to the aperture plane, so that takes place by the twist in the region of the transformation section of the waveguide 1, a rotation of its polarization in the aperture plane or about a perpendicular axis of rotation on the aperture plane.
- the second waveguide has no twist in the transformation section 4, so that its polarization does not rotate.
- This arrangement has the advantage that in the area of the feed section 3, which is connected to a matching network and / or a distribution network, the available space can be used optimally.
- the first and second waveguides can be identically aligned in this area and / or have an identical cross section, and thus make optimum use of the available space.
- the waveguides are thus aligned orthogonal to each other only in the region of the mouth portion 5, and therefore only need space there accordingly.
- the area of the waveguide cross section in the transformation section decreases in the direction of the horn. This is preferably the case for both the first and the second waveguide.
- the area of the waveguide cross section in the direction of the antenna is smaller than the area of the waveguide cross section in the direction of the distribution network.
- the waveguides therefore have a higher wave impedance in the direction of the antenna and a higher lower cutoff frequency (cut-off frequency) than in the direction of the distribution network.
- the transformation section with the waveguide cross section change for field and impedance transformation has the advantage that on the antenna side orthogonally polarized beam openings can be compactly nested, while on the part of the matching and / or distribution network, a larger, broadbandigerer and low-loss standard waveguide can be used.
- the matching network and / or distribution network can thus be designed broadband.
- a WR28 waveguide could be used for the range between 26.5 GHz to 40.0 GHz.
- the antenna side i. on the one hand, the transformation section and the horns can be interpreted narrow-band and interchangeable.
- different transformation sections and different horns would be used for two different frequency ranges in the larger frequency range of the matching and / or distribution network.
- a second horn type could be used for the frequency range between 27 GHz and 29 GHz and a second horn type for the frequency range between 37 GHz and 39 GHz.
- FIG. 3 now shows a possible exemplary embodiment of a transformation section 4 for the first waveguide.
- a polarized in the x-direction waveguide cross-section which is connected to the feed section 3, to a in Transformed z-direction polarized waveguide cross-section, which is connected to the mouth portion 5.
- the cross-sectional area is reduced, in the exemplary embodiment, for example, from a waveguide cross section of 7.1 mm x 3.55 mm and 572 ohms wave impedance to a waveguide cross section of 6.1 1 mm x 2.4 mm and about 785 ohms wave impedance.
- the shape of the transformation section between its two ends can be arbitrary.
- three-dimensional curves can be partially or completely replaced by surfaces or steps, or the transformation section can be manufactured and assembled from two or more individual parts, depending on the manufacturing process.
- the transformation section 4 consists of two transformation elements 8 and 1 1, which rotate the field in each case by 45 °, and an intermediate intermediate member 9 with a constant cross-section.
- the decisive factor is that the polarization, as shown in Fig. 3 left, rotated between the input 3 and the output 5 and the cross-section was reduced.
- the E field in the area of the feed section 3 with 1 1 is shown as 12 in the region of the mouth section 5.
- Fig. 3 shows a transformation section for the first waveguide, in which a rotation of the polarization takes place.
- the second waveguide In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the second waveguide, however, no twist on, but experiences in the region of the transformation section only a cross-sectional taper. This serves to provide sufficient space for the arrangement of the orthogonal in the mouth region waveguide.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the transformation sections 6 and 7 of first and second waveguides 1 and 2 arranged next to one another in a column.
- the transformation sections 6 of the first Waveguide 1 in this case have a twist and a cross-sectional taper, the transformation sections 7 of the second waveguide 2, however, only a cross-sectional taper.
- the cross-sectional taper of the transformation sections 7 of the second waveguide the space is created, which is required to allow the twisting of the first waveguide 1.
- waveguides are used with a longer and a shorter side.
- the first and second waveguides are each adjacent to their longer sides and parallel to each other. Due to the twisting of the first waveguides in the transformation section 4, however, the longer sides of the first and second waveguides are each perpendicular to one another in the mouth section 5.
- the shorter side of the first waveguide While in the feed section 3 therefore only space for the shorter side of the first waveguide is required between the long sides of two second waveguides, space is required in the mouth region 5 for the longer side of a first waveguide. In order to create this space, in particular the shorter side of the second waveguide is further shortened. Furthermore, the longer side of the first waveguide can be shortened.
- the waveguide is indeed narrow-band.
- the cut-off frequency is not increased to the same extent.
- a cross-section with a greater extent in the H-field plane than in the E-field plane is preferred for the simply polarized waveguides used here.
- the waveguide network on the side of the supply and / or distribution and in particular in the feed section a ratio between the longer side and the shorter side of greater than 1, 5: 1 and less than 2.5: 1 on.
- the ratio between the longer and the shorter side is preferably greater than in the feed section, in particular greater than 2.5: 1 and furthermore preferably greater than 3: 1. This achieves a good compromise between compactness and electrical properties.
- a waveguide with a rectangular cross-section can be used.
- the TE10 (H10) mode is excited.
- waveguides with at least one cross-sectional constriction and / or at least one cross-sectional broadening in the E-field plane and / or H-field plane are also conceivable.
- waveguide variants with at least one cross-sectional constriction in the H-field plane can be used, so-called ridge waveguides.
- the TE10 mode and / or a higher mode is preferably also excited.
- FIG. 5 shows three variants for the transformation section according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the waveguides already have a different polarization in the region of the feed section 3. Furthermore, in the variant on the left in the transformation section, both the polarization of the first waveguide 1, and the second waveguide 2 is rotated. In this case, the first and second waveguides in the feed section 3 each have oppositely oriented polarizations. These are rotated by respective transformation sections 4 each 45 degrees, so that they are orthogonal to each other in the mouth section.
- waveguides are used with a substantially square waveguide cross-section. These are used as simple polarized 45 degree waveguides, where the polarization is diagonal.
- the waveguides 1 and 2 have at least in the feed section 3 different cross-sectional shapes. The polarizations of the waveguides 1 and 2 are aligned in the feed section 3, however, still in the same direction.
- the first waveguide 1 in the feed section 3 has a partially widened rectangular waveguide cross-section and in the mouth portion 5 has a partially narrowed rectangular waveguide cross section in the H-plane.
- the first waveguide has a cross-sectional enlargement 72 in a middle region relative to the H-plane, and a cross-sectional taper 70 in the mouth section 5 with respect to the now rotated H-plane middle region.
- the second waveguide 2 has a partially narrowed rectangular waveguide cross section in the H-plane in the feed section 3 and in the mouth section 5.
- the second waveguide 2 has a cross-sectional tapering 70 in each case in an area which is central in relation to the H-plane.
- Waveguide 2 in this case has the field characteristics of a double ridge waveguide.
- the polarization of the first waveguide 1 is rotated by 90 degrees and changed its cross-sectional shape and field distribution, so that arise in the mouth region 5 orthogonal polarizations with similar field distribution.
- waveguide cross-sections are used with a significantly larger extent in the H-field plane than in the E-field plane.
- cross-sectional areas of the waveguides are interleaved with one another both in the feed section 3 and in the mouth section 5.
- Section widening 72 or an end portion 71 of the one waveguide engages in a cross-sectional taper 70 of the other waveguide.
- the exemplary embodiment on the right in FIG. 5 shows a particularly compact variant.
- the first waveguide 1 has a partially widened and a partially filled rectangular waveguide cross section in the H plane with a cross-sectional widening 72 in a middle region with respect to the H plane.
- the transformation section 4 Through the transformation section 4, the polarization of waveguide 1 is rotated and its cross-sectional area is reduced. However, the cross-sectional shape and field distribution are essentially retained.
- the second waveguide 2 in turn has a partially narrowed rectangular waveguide cross section in the H-plane in the feed section 3 and in the mouth section 5.
- the second waveguide 2 has a cross-sectional tapering 70 in each case in a middle region with respect to the H-plane.
- the ratio between the width of the cross-section in the E-field plane in the wider end regions 71 and the cross-sectional taper 70 increases.
- waveguide 1 and waveguide 2 in the mouth section 5 have orthogonal polarization and different field distributions and / or field distribution densities, which depending on the configuration of the overlay region 30 can lead to a better decoupling and more compact design.
- the waveguides can have webs, material fillings, material recesses, cross-sectional broadening, cross-sectional constrictions and many other measures for reducing costs and / or reducing and / or improving the electrical and mechanical properties.
- both aspects of the present invention are realized, i. the first polarization is guided centrally between two radiator openings to the radiator and rotated over a transformation section. Further preferably, a waveguide cross section change is provided in the transformation section, through which the wave impedance changes.
- the polarization rotation is preferably realized via a waveguide twist, in particular via a waveguide twist about an axis of rotation which is normal to the aperture plane.
- a reduction of the waveguide cross section takes place, resulting in a wave impedance change and more compact dimension.
- the rotated radiator opening is preferably guided at least partially laterally into the radiator.
- FIG. 6 now shows a corresponding exemplary embodiment, in which the feeding of the horns according to the first aspect takes place as already described above with regard to FIG.
- the transformation of the waveguide is carried out as described above with regard to the embodiment in FIGS. 2 to 4.
- the first and second waveguides described above with regard to the second aspect are connected with their mouth portion 5 to the openings 23 and 24, respectively, via which the horns are fed according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the combination of the first and the second aspect has a very considerable synergistic potential. Because of the combination of the first and second aspects, it is possible, the second waveguide 2 centered with respect to the aperture 22 of the hollow radiator 20 or 20 'in the hollow radiator to be ignited. Nevertheless, the existing between the mouths of the second waveguide space is optimally used by the rotated mouth regions of the first waveguide 1, since this mouth region is not limited to the space available below the respective aperture opening, but extends below the respective aperture opening of the adjacent radiator.
- the transformation region 31 may, for example, have a height H1 of 0.5 ⁇ -1.5 ⁇
- the superposition region 30 used to superimpose the polarizations within the horn radiator has a height H2 of 0.5 ⁇ -1.5 ⁇
- the actual horn 32 a height H3 between 0.5 ⁇ and 4 ⁇ .
- a possible dimension for the aperture opening is given on the left again.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonant frequency range of the radiator according to the invention.
- FIG. 7a an alternative embodiment of the overlay region of the two polarizations is shown on the right.
- the opening 23 in this case has obliquely to the aperture plane extending longer sides, which connect the upper and lower narrow side with each other.
- the opening for this purpose has triangular-shaped side walls 33, which extend along the longer sides.
- wedge elements 34 are provided in the bottom region of the horn, which extend from the inside to the side walls. These preferably have the same shape as the boundary walls 27 for the mouth region of the adjacent first waveguide. As a result, the bottom area as a whole has a funnel shape.
- the opening 24 for the second waveguide is arranged in the center of the funnel, and cuts in the embodiment in the ramps 34th
- the opening 23 may have an extension B1 in the direction of its shorter side of 0.2 ⁇ + - 0.2 ⁇ .
- the extension in the height direction B3 may be at 0.7 ⁇ + - 0.7 ⁇ , the extension in the aperture plane B4 at 0.2 ⁇ + - 0.2 ⁇ .
- Fig. 7b three sections are shown again parallel to the aperture plane for the embodiment shown in Fig. 7a. At the bottom right, a section through the mouth region 5 is shown, i. just below the connection with the openings of the horn.
- the narrow side can have a width B1 of 0.2 ⁇ + - 0.2 ⁇
- the longer side can have a width B2 of more than 0.5 ⁇ , for example of 0.55 ⁇ .
- the longer side should not be less than 0.5 ⁇ in terms of the cut-off frequency.
- ridge waveguides and / or filled with dial waveguides smaller dimensions and / or higher bandwidths are possible.
- one or more webs can be arranged centrally in the waveguides in order to increase the bandwidth and / or to reduce the cut-off frequency.
- ⁇ is the center frequency of the lowest resonant frequency range of the horn radiator according to the invention in all of the above dimensions.
- the configuration of the overlay region can also assume more complex shapes.
- the wedge segments 34 material recesses and / or a ramp shape, in particular have a ramp shape with an exponential course.
- the radiator as shown in Fig. 8, be designed as a ridge waveguide antenna.
- On the left is a ridge waveguide antenna 20 "with side walls, right a ridge waveguide antenna 20" 'shown without side walls.
- the horn of the ridge waveguide antenna 20 "has the same configuration as described in greater detail above with reference to Figures 1 and 6.
- the ridge waveguide antenna 20" ' has only the above-described overlay region 30, while in the region of the actual horn only the Ridges extend and the side walls are missing there.
- the ridge waveguide antenna has respective ridges 75, which extend in the height direction.
- the webs 75 extend from the transition region 30 into the actual horn 32.
- the webs are plate-shaped.
- the plate plane of the webs 75 each extend radially to the central axis of the radiator and / or is perpendicular to the side wall along which it extends.
- the inner edges of the webs have an increasing distance to the radiator opening.
- the webs 75 extend along the inner walls of the horn. In the embodiment on the left they extend over the areas 28 and 29 to the radiator opening.
- FIG. 9 now shows an exemplary embodiment of the emitter array, which comprises four columns each having eight individual emitters 20.
- the individual emitters are always the same designed as shown in Fig. 6 and 7, respectively.
- the corresponding embodiment of the overlay region in the bottom region of the horns is shown again in detail in FIG. 9 on the left.
- the group antenna shown in FIG. 9 may, for example, be an antenna with a center frequency of 28 GHz and 2 GHz bandwidth.
- the column spacing, i. the single radiator spacing in the z-direction, in the exemplary embodiment is 8.5 mm, i. 0.80 ⁇ at 28 GHz.
- the line spacing, i. the single radiator spacing in the x-direction is 9.0 mm in the exemplary embodiment, i. 0.84 ⁇ at 28 GHz.
- Fig. 12 the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 is shown at the top in a plan view, in which the first opening 23 for the first waveguide and the second opening 24 for the second waveguide is clearly visible.
- the first and second waveguides each have the same orientation and the same cross section, and are each lined up along the columns. Furthermore, the reduced and rotated at the first waveguides cross-section 5 seen in the mouth region through the transformation section can be seen.
- FIG. 13 sections are shown once again parallel to the aperture plane for different heights, wherein a section through the feed section 3 is shown at the top left, a section through the transformation section 4 at the center in the middle and a section through the mouth section 5 at the bottom left. On the right are then above and in the middle cuts through the overlay area, in which the opening 23 extends, shown, and right below a section through the horn above the overlay area.
- FIG. 15 sections are again shown perpendicular to the aperture plane along the columns. Excellent is the extremely compact arrangement of both the horns, as well as the waveguide, which supply the horn with signals.
- a first and second waveguide are alternately provided along a column, the second waveguides being arranged in each case centrally below the respective horn radiator, whereas the first waveguides are arranged between two horn radiators.
- the E field is shown for the two polarizations, top for port 24, i. a port fed by a second waveguide, and below for port 23, i. a port fed by a first waveguide.
- the horns have a very good orthogonality of the two polarizations, as well as a very uniform field distribution.
- FIGS. 16a and 16b the S-parameter for the individual ports is in the range between 27 GHz and 32 GHz, i. at 17% relative bandwidth, in Figs. 17a and 17b in the range 27.5 GHz to 28.5 GHz, i. at 3.6% relative bandwidth.
- FIGS. 16a and 17a respectively show the adaptation in the Smith diagram, FIGS. 16b and 17b the isolation of the ports with one another.
- a VSWR of 2.0 i. an adjustment of greater than 9.54 dB is plotted
- a VSWR of 1.5 i. an adjustment of greater than 13.98 dB.
- the decoupling in both cases is greater than 25 dB.
- the far field is respectively reproduced at 28 GHz and 32 GHz for the ports P23 and P24.
- the far field is plotted in the horizontal and the vertical plane, with the phi component representing the co-polarization, the theta component the cross-polarization.
- the individual radiators of adjacent columns are offset relative to one another.
- the radiators of a first column are arranged centrally between the radiators of the adjacent second column.
- FIG. 19 shows two exemplary embodiments of radiator arrays according to the invention.
- the single emitters here have a single emitter spacing in the horizontal direction Dh of 0.75 ⁇ , and a single emitter spacing Dv in the vertical direction of 0.75 ⁇ , i. the individual radiators are slightly smaller than those in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 9.
- the Einzelstrahlerabstand in the horizontal direction Dh ie within the column, in favor of a smaller individual radiator distance in the vertical direction, ie between the columns was increased.
- the sum of the distance Dh and Dv is preferably less than 2 ⁇ and more preferably less than 1.5 ⁇ .
- the radiators have a Einzelstrahlerabstand in the horizontal direction Dh of 1 ⁇ , and a Einzelstrahlerabstand in the vertical direction Dv of 0.5 ⁇ .
- spacing surfaces are arranged between the radiators within the column, by means of which the spacing of the radiators within the radiator is increased, and into which the radiators of the adjacent columns laterally extend.
- the columns can thereby be arranged with a smaller column spacing.
- a hexagonal basic shape is again used, but an octagonal basic shape would also be conceivable here.
- the individual radiators may have a circular basic shape, which is arranged partially overlapping.
- Fig. 20 right further shows a radiator array with an approximately circularattaapertur.
- An approximately circular arrangement of the individual radiators can lead to lower sidelobes, for example, when interconnecting the individual radiators with different amplitude and phase in the antenna diagram.
- the individual radiators of a radiator array according to the invention can be individually fed and / or adapted, or partially interconnected in subgroups via a distribution and matching network.
- FIG. 21 shows on the left an exemplary embodiment of a feed network with individual feed, and on the right with group feed.
- the illustrated distribution and matching networks can be connected to the feed sections of the first and second waveguide horns of the invention. Both embodiments have in common that the waveguides are each guided over bends in different planes 51 to 54 to the side.
- first waveguide 1 and the second waveguide 2 of a column are led out to the side in respectively different planes. Furthermore, the waveguides, which supply different gaps, are arranged in different planes.
- distributors 55, 56, 59 and 60 are provided, through which in each case the first radiators 1 (distributors 55 and 59) and the second waveguides (distributors 56 and 60) of a column are interconnected. Via a further bend and filter 57, 58, 61 and 62, the distributors then communicate with a feed arranged on a PCB.
- the radiators according to the present invention are particularly suitable in a frequency range between 10 GHz and 100 GHz or for 5G applications, in particular beam steering and / or beamforming applications.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102016014385.1A DE102016014385A1 (de) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | Dual polarisierter Hornstrahler |
PCT/EP2017/081124 WO2018100133A1 (de) | 2016-12-02 | 2017-12-01 | Dual polarisierter hornstrahler |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3533110A1 true EP3533110A1 (de) | 2019-09-04 |
EP3533110B1 EP3533110B1 (de) | 2022-03-16 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP17808068.5A Active EP3533110B1 (de) | 2016-12-02 | 2017-12-01 | Dual polarisierter hornstrahler |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US11196178B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3533110B1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20190086533A (de) |
CN (1) | CN110337758B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016014385A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018100133A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102016014385A1 (de) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-07 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Dual polarisierter Hornstrahler |
CN112290235A (zh) | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-29 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | 天线阵列 |
CN112290234A (zh) | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-29 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | 通信装置 |
CN110994195B (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-12-08 | 北京交通大学 | 一种空气波导平面阵列天线 |
WO2022184835A1 (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2022-09-09 | Huber+Suhner Ag | Waveguide antenna |
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-
2016
- 2016-12-02 DE DE102016014385.1A patent/DE102016014385A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-12-01 US US16/466,012 patent/US11196178B2/en active Active
- 2017-12-01 KR KR1020197018203A patent/KR20190086533A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-12-01 CN CN201780085268.1A patent/CN110337758B/zh active Active
- 2017-12-01 WO PCT/EP2017/081124 patent/WO2018100133A1/de unknown
- 2017-12-01 EP EP17808068.5A patent/EP3533110B1/de active Active
Also Published As
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US20200006863A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
WO2018100133A1 (de) | 2018-06-07 |
CN110337758A (zh) | 2019-10-15 |
EP3533110B1 (de) | 2022-03-16 |
US11196178B2 (en) | 2021-12-07 |
DE102016014385A1 (de) | 2018-06-07 |
CN110337758B (zh) | 2021-11-12 |
KR20190086533A (ko) | 2019-07-22 |
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