EP3530408A1 - Dispositif pour la coupe par jet de fluide haute pression - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la coupe par jet de fluide haute pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3530408A1
EP3530408A1 EP19157699.0A EP19157699A EP3530408A1 EP 3530408 A1 EP3530408 A1 EP 3530408A1 EP 19157699 A EP19157699 A EP 19157699A EP 3530408 A1 EP3530408 A1 EP 3530408A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
pressure
injection hole
workpiece
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19157699.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe Iben
Bernd Stuke
Malte Bickelhaupt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3530408A1 publication Critical patent/EP3530408A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • B26F2003/006—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet having a shutter or water jet deflector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for high pressure fluid jet cutting as used to process or cut workpieces by means of a high pressure fluid jet generated by high pressure. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for operating this device.
  • a high-pressure fluid jet can be generated, wherein water is usually used as the fluid.
  • the high-pressure water jet produced by the device is suitable for cutting even the hardest materials, such as steel or ceramics.
  • workpieces can be processed with the aid of the high-pressure water jet: For example, lacquers or other coatings can be removed or the surface can be processed in any other way.
  • a continuous high-pressure fluid jet is usually used, the fluid or the water in a nozzle to a pressure of up to 6000 bar (600 MPa) is compressed.
  • a device known with which an alternative water jet cutting is possible.
  • a high-pressure water jet is generated, but does not exit as a continuous stream of water, but is released periodically and interrupted.
  • This so-called pulsed water jet is also suitable for cutting workpieces or to machine their surface, the advantage of pulsed water jet cutting being that significantly less water or fluid is required, although a comparable cutting effect can nevertheless be achieved.
  • the pulsed waterjet cutting with a significantly lower fluid pressure be carried out, for example, 2000 bar.
  • the energy consumption of such a device is significantly lower than in the known, continuous water jet cutting and, accordingly, such a device can operate more economically.
  • the effect of the high pressure fluid jet is due to the high velocity with which the fluid or water particles impact the workpiece.
  • the particles must also penetrate the fluid or water film located on the workpiece, which reduces the effectiveness in continuous water jet cutting. This is largely avoided by the pulsed water jet cutting, since here the water or the fluid used has time to drain laterally before the next water pulse impinges on the workpiece.
  • a further increase in the cutting effect can be achieved only by the fluid pressure is increased, which in turn has a higher velocity of the water particles result.
  • the high-pressure fluid jet cutting apparatus has the advantage that the high-pressure fluid jet produced by the device develops a greater cutting action without the pressure of the fluid having to be further increased, so that effective working of the surface is made possible, as well as parting of the workpiece ,
  • a nozzle element is movably arranged, which can close and open the injection hole by its movement.
  • the injection hole is formed as a cylindrical bore in the nozzle body, wherein the transition from the pressure chamber into the injection hole is sharp-edged.
  • the fluid is in the pressure chamber under high pressure. If the injection hole is released through the nozzle element, the fluid under high pressure enters the injection hole is injected through this, thus forming the high-pressure fluid jet. If the transition from the pressure chamber into the spray hole is sharp-edged, so-called dead water regions are formed, ie regions in which the flow velocity is significantly lower than in the main flow into the spray hole. This promotes the formation of cavitation, ie of small vapor bubbles that occur near the sharp-edged transition from the pressure chamber into the spray hole. These are entrained by the currents and emerge from the spray hole.
  • the particles of the high-pressure fluid jet are very fast and strike the workpiece at a speed between 500 and 600 m / s. If the distance between the nozzle and the workpiece is in a suitable range, then the cavitation bubbles implode only on the workpiece and thus contribute to the cutting action of the high-pressure fluid jet or favor the stripping or processing of the workpiece surfaces. In this way, the cutting effect can be increased without increasing the processing time.
  • the injection hole has a length between 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm.
  • the short length promotes breakup of the high pressure fluid jet, i. the high-pressure fluid jet fan already at a short distance from the nozzle, so that a high-pressure fluid jet with a relatively large diameter is formed, with which a correspondingly large area of the workpiece can be processed.
  • the diameter of the injection hole is between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.
  • a relatively short spray hole prevents cavitation bubbles from imploding within the spray hole, which helps prevent damage to the nozzle and also ensures that at least most cavitation bubbles implode on the workpiece and thereby the high pressure fluid jet strengthen.
  • the movable nozzle element is designed as a piston-shaped nozzle needle, which cooperates with a nozzle seat within the nozzle body for opening and closing the injection hole, wherein the injection hole is formed obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle needle.
  • An obliquely formed injection hole leads to a strong flow deflection of under high pressure fluid entering the injection hole, which additionally favors the formation of cavitation at the transition into the spray hole. This creates more cavitation bubbles and the cutting action is increased accordingly.
  • the injection hole is part of a stepped bore extending from the pressure chamber, wherein the injection hole forms the smallest diameter portion of the stepped bore in diameter.
  • a method for high-pressure fluid jet cutting of a workpiece with a device the following method steps are carried out in succession:
  • the nozzle is positioned with respect to the workpiece to be machined, so that the fluid jet emerging from the injection hole meets perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece.
  • the nozzle is approximated to the workpiece until the distance corresponds to the machining distance.
  • the injection hole is alternately opened and closed, so that a pulsed fluid jet is formed, which hits the workpiece.
  • the cavitation supports the cutting action of the high-pressure fluid jet, optimally implemented, in particular by the small distance between the nozzle and the workpiece surface.
  • the cavitation bubbles need only about 30 ⁇ s to overcome a gap of 15 mm between the nozzle and the workpiece surface, so that the cavitation bubbles generally do not implode before hitting the workpiece.
  • the pressure in the pressure chamber is so high that, when the nozzle is open, cavitation bubbles are formed in the fluid in the area of the injection hole inlet. Since cavitation can occur only with correspondingly fast flow in the spray hole, a certain minimum pressure is required over Simulation or calculation is easily determinable. It is particularly advantageous if the fluid pressure is more than 1000 bar.
  • FIG. 1 a device for high-pressure fluid jet cutting is shown schematically.
  • the device comprises a nozzle 1, which has a nozzle body 2, in which a pressure chamber 3 is formed.
  • a pressure chamber 3 In the pressure chamber 3 is a fluid under high pressure, wherein in the pressure chamber 3, a movable nozzle member 5 is arranged.
  • the nozzle member 5 is formed as a piston-shaped nozzle needle and has at its one injection port 8 facing the end of a sealing surface 6, with which the nozzle needle 5 cooperates with a formed in the nozzle body 2 conical nozzle seat 7 for opening and closing the injection hole 8.
  • the injection hole 8 is formed as a cylindrical bore in the nozzle body 2 and aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis 4, which also forms the longitudinal axis of the nozzle needle 5.
  • the fluid stored in a fluid tank 18 is supplied via a line 20 to a high-pressure pump 21, which compresses the fluid and via a pressure line 24 to a high-pressure fluid reservoir 22, where the high-pressure fluid stored becomes.
  • a further pressure line 24 leads to the pressure chamber 3 of the nozzle 1, so that in the pressure chamber 3 is always fluid under high pressure available.
  • the fluid is compressed to a pressure of, for example, more than 1000 bar, preferably more than 2000 bar.
  • the high-pressure fluid reservoir 22 can also be dispensed with and the nozzle 1 can be connected directly to the high-pressure pump 21.
  • the spray hole 8 is alternately opened and closed by the nozzle needle 5 of the nozzle seat. 7 is moved away or rests on this. If fluid flows from the pressure chamber 3 into the spray hole 8, this is accelerated there because of the high pressure difference to the surroundings of the nozzle 1 and forms a high-pressure fluid jet 9.
  • the high-pressure fluid jet 9 strikes a workpiece 10 to machine it, whereby either the nozzle 1 or the workpiece 10 can be moved horizontally. As a result, for example, a cutting channel 11 can be generated, as in FIG. 1 shown.
  • the machining distance between the nozzle 3 and the workpiece 10 is in the FIG. 1 designated a and is preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, more preferably 15 mm to 25 mm.
  • FIG. 2a an enlargement of the nozzle 1 in the region of the injection hole 8 is shown.
  • the injection hole 8 is formed as a cylindrical bore in the nozzle body 2, wherein at the transition from the pressure chamber 3 into the spray hole inlet 12 of the injection hole 8 a sharp-edged inlet edge 14 is formed, which in FIG. 2b is shown enlarged again. Since the flow deflection at the sharp-edged injection hole inlet 12 leads to a strong flow deflection, 12 cavitation bubbles 15 are formed in the region of the injection hole inlet, as in FIG. 2b indicated schematically. These are entrained by the rapid flow within the spray hole 8 and exit through the spray hole outlet 13, since they take a certain time until they implode again.
  • the speed of the high pressure fluid in the spray hole 8 and thus at the spray hole outlet 13 is about 500 to 600 m / s, when a pressure within the pressure chamber 3 of about 2000 bar is set.
  • the thus accelerated cavitation bubbles 15 thus overcome the machining distance a of 15 mm within a time of about 30 microseconds, which is shorter than the average life of the cavitation bubbles, so that they implode to a large extent only in the area of the workpiece 10 and thus the cutting action of the Reinforce high-pressure fluid jet 9.
  • FIG. 3a also shows an enlargement of the nozzle 1 in the region of the injection hole 8 of a further embodiment, which differs from the embodiment of FIG. 2a differs in that the injection hole 8 is not formed collinear to the longitudinal axis 4, but obliquely to this.
  • This has different effects.
  • the effective pressure within the spray hole 8 is somewhat reduced, since the flow must be deflected more strongly when entering the spray hole 8, which is accompanied by a certain pressure loss. This also reduces the velocity of the particles within the high-pressure fluid jet 9 somewhat.
  • FIG. 4 is a further embodiment of the nozzle 1 according to the invention shown, also as a cut-out enlargement in the region of the injection hole 8 '.
  • the injection hole 8 ' is here designed as a stepped bore which forms a larger diameter portion 108 and a smaller diameter portion 208, wherein the smaller diameter portion 208 forms the actually effective injection hole.
  • a relatively short injection hole can be formed, also with a sharp-edged inlet edge 14 'between the larger diameter portion 108 and the smaller diameter portion 208 and thus with the corresponding Kavitationsne Trent.
  • the smaller diameter portion 208 is relatively short, which also leads to the fact that the spray jet breaks at a short distance from the nozzle and thus has a comparatively large diameter when hitting the workpiece 10.
  • the wall thickness of the nozzle body 2 in the region of the spray hole 8 'does not have to be reduced, so that, despite the short section 208, good mechanical stability of the nozzle body 2 is ensured in this area.
  • the stepped spray hole 8 ' may also be made with interchangeable sequence of smaller portion 208 and larger portion 108, as in FIG FIG. 5 shown.
  • the smaller diameter portion 208 forms the part of the spray hole 8 'which immediately adjoins the nozzle seat 7, while the larger diameter portion 108 forms the outer portion of the spray hole 8'.
  • the injection hole 8 or the smaller diameter portion of the injection hole 8 ' preferably have a length of 0.25 mm to 0.75 mm.
  • the shorter the injection hole the faster the high-pressure fluid jet 9 breaks up after it has left the nozzle, which allows processing of a larger area of the workpiece 10.
  • the normally associated lower effect of the high pressure fluid jet 9 on the workpiece 10 by the friction in the air is compensated by the cavitation bubbles entrained with the high pressure fluid jet and impinging on the workpiece 10, so that the workpiece 10 is effectively at a similar cutting speed or speed Processing speed can be processed as in the known high-pressure fluid jet nozzles, but surfaces can be processed in a shorter time, since the high pressure fluid jet 9 is correspondingly wider.
  • this high-pressure fluid jet 9 is particularly suitable for processing workpieces 10 on their surface, so for example to remove paint layers or ceramic layers or roughen the surface.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
EP19157699.0A 2018-02-26 2019-02-18 Dispositif pour la coupe par jet de fluide haute pression Withdrawn EP3530408A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018202841.9A DE102018202841A1 (de) 2018-02-26 2018-02-26 Vordruck zum Hochdruckfluidstrahlschneiden

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3530408A1 true EP3530408A1 (fr) 2019-08-28

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EP19157699.0A Withdrawn EP3530408A1 (fr) 2018-02-26 2019-02-18 Dispositif pour la coupe par jet de fluide haute pression

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EP (1) EP3530408A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018202841A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020201719A1 (de) * 2020-02-12 2021-08-12 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schneiden und/oder Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks mittels eines druckbeaufschlagten pulsierenden Fluidstrahls

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2724173A1 (de) * 1977-05-27 1978-11-30 Speck Kolbenpumpen Fabrik Strahlduese und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4150794A (en) * 1977-07-26 1979-04-24 Camsco, Inc. Liquid jet cutting nozzle and housing
US4607794A (en) * 1983-03-04 1986-08-26 Norman Horwood Control of jets of liquid
US5226597A (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-07-13 Ursic Thomas A Orifice assembly and method providing highly cohesive fluid jet
WO2005068825A1 (fr) * 2004-01-19 2005-07-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Tige de soupape et soupape
DE102013201797A1 (de) 2013-02-05 2014-08-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung mit einer Hochdruckpumpe zum Fördern eines Fluids
DE102014225247A1 (de) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4313570A (en) * 1979-11-20 1982-02-02 Flow Industries, Inc. High pressure cutting nozzle with on-off capability
US4573637A (en) * 1982-12-06 1986-03-04 Dravo Corporation Accelerating slugs of liquid
DE102014222299A1 (de) * 2014-10-31 2016-05-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur erosiven Bearbeitung und/oder zur Reinigung eines Werkstoffs oder einer Werkstückoberfläche mittels mindestens eines Hochdruck-Fluidstrahls sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Vorrichtung
DE102014225904A1 (de) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2724173A1 (de) * 1977-05-27 1978-11-30 Speck Kolbenpumpen Fabrik Strahlduese und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4150794A (en) * 1977-07-26 1979-04-24 Camsco, Inc. Liquid jet cutting nozzle and housing
US4607794A (en) * 1983-03-04 1986-08-26 Norman Horwood Control of jets of liquid
US5226597A (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-07-13 Ursic Thomas A Orifice assembly and method providing highly cohesive fluid jet
WO2005068825A1 (fr) * 2004-01-19 2005-07-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Tige de soupape et soupape
DE102013201797A1 (de) 2013-02-05 2014-08-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung mit einer Hochdruckpumpe zum Fördern eines Fluids
DE102014225247A1 (de) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden

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