EP3530408A1 - Apparatus for high pressure fluid jet cutting - Google Patents
Apparatus for high pressure fluid jet cutting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3530408A1 EP3530408A1 EP19157699.0A EP19157699A EP3530408A1 EP 3530408 A1 EP3530408 A1 EP 3530408A1 EP 19157699 A EP19157699 A EP 19157699A EP 3530408 A1 EP3530408 A1 EP 3530408A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- pressure
- injection hole
- workpiece
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
- B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
- B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
- B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
- B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
- B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
- B26F2003/006—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet having a shutter or water jet deflector
Definitions
- the invention relates to an apparatus for high pressure fluid jet cutting as used to process or cut workpieces by means of a high pressure fluid jet generated by high pressure. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for operating this device.
- a high-pressure fluid jet can be generated, wherein water is usually used as the fluid.
- the high-pressure water jet produced by the device is suitable for cutting even the hardest materials, such as steel or ceramics.
- workpieces can be processed with the aid of the high-pressure water jet: For example, lacquers or other coatings can be removed or the surface can be processed in any other way.
- a continuous high-pressure fluid jet is usually used, the fluid or the water in a nozzle to a pressure of up to 6000 bar (600 MPa) is compressed.
- a device known with which an alternative water jet cutting is possible.
- a high-pressure water jet is generated, but does not exit as a continuous stream of water, but is released periodically and interrupted.
- This so-called pulsed water jet is also suitable for cutting workpieces or to machine their surface, the advantage of pulsed water jet cutting being that significantly less water or fluid is required, although a comparable cutting effect can nevertheless be achieved.
- the pulsed waterjet cutting with a significantly lower fluid pressure be carried out, for example, 2000 bar.
- the energy consumption of such a device is significantly lower than in the known, continuous water jet cutting and, accordingly, such a device can operate more economically.
- the effect of the high pressure fluid jet is due to the high velocity with which the fluid or water particles impact the workpiece.
- the particles must also penetrate the fluid or water film located on the workpiece, which reduces the effectiveness in continuous water jet cutting. This is largely avoided by the pulsed water jet cutting, since here the water or the fluid used has time to drain laterally before the next water pulse impinges on the workpiece.
- a further increase in the cutting effect can be achieved only by the fluid pressure is increased, which in turn has a higher velocity of the water particles result.
- the high-pressure fluid jet cutting apparatus has the advantage that the high-pressure fluid jet produced by the device develops a greater cutting action without the pressure of the fluid having to be further increased, so that effective working of the surface is made possible, as well as parting of the workpiece ,
- a nozzle element is movably arranged, which can close and open the injection hole by its movement.
- the injection hole is formed as a cylindrical bore in the nozzle body, wherein the transition from the pressure chamber into the injection hole is sharp-edged.
- the fluid is in the pressure chamber under high pressure. If the injection hole is released through the nozzle element, the fluid under high pressure enters the injection hole is injected through this, thus forming the high-pressure fluid jet. If the transition from the pressure chamber into the spray hole is sharp-edged, so-called dead water regions are formed, ie regions in which the flow velocity is significantly lower than in the main flow into the spray hole. This promotes the formation of cavitation, ie of small vapor bubbles that occur near the sharp-edged transition from the pressure chamber into the spray hole. These are entrained by the currents and emerge from the spray hole.
- the particles of the high-pressure fluid jet are very fast and strike the workpiece at a speed between 500 and 600 m / s. If the distance between the nozzle and the workpiece is in a suitable range, then the cavitation bubbles implode only on the workpiece and thus contribute to the cutting action of the high-pressure fluid jet or favor the stripping or processing of the workpiece surfaces. In this way, the cutting effect can be increased without increasing the processing time.
- the injection hole has a length between 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm.
- the short length promotes breakup of the high pressure fluid jet, i. the high-pressure fluid jet fan already at a short distance from the nozzle, so that a high-pressure fluid jet with a relatively large diameter is formed, with which a correspondingly large area of the workpiece can be processed.
- the diameter of the injection hole is between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm.
- a relatively short spray hole prevents cavitation bubbles from imploding within the spray hole, which helps prevent damage to the nozzle and also ensures that at least most cavitation bubbles implode on the workpiece and thereby the high pressure fluid jet strengthen.
- the movable nozzle element is designed as a piston-shaped nozzle needle, which cooperates with a nozzle seat within the nozzle body for opening and closing the injection hole, wherein the injection hole is formed obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle needle.
- An obliquely formed injection hole leads to a strong flow deflection of under high pressure fluid entering the injection hole, which additionally favors the formation of cavitation at the transition into the spray hole. This creates more cavitation bubbles and the cutting action is increased accordingly.
- the injection hole is part of a stepped bore extending from the pressure chamber, wherein the injection hole forms the smallest diameter portion of the stepped bore in diameter.
- a method for high-pressure fluid jet cutting of a workpiece with a device the following method steps are carried out in succession:
- the nozzle is positioned with respect to the workpiece to be machined, so that the fluid jet emerging from the injection hole meets perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece.
- the nozzle is approximated to the workpiece until the distance corresponds to the machining distance.
- the injection hole is alternately opened and closed, so that a pulsed fluid jet is formed, which hits the workpiece.
- the cavitation supports the cutting action of the high-pressure fluid jet, optimally implemented, in particular by the small distance between the nozzle and the workpiece surface.
- the cavitation bubbles need only about 30 ⁇ s to overcome a gap of 15 mm between the nozzle and the workpiece surface, so that the cavitation bubbles generally do not implode before hitting the workpiece.
- the pressure in the pressure chamber is so high that, when the nozzle is open, cavitation bubbles are formed in the fluid in the area of the injection hole inlet. Since cavitation can occur only with correspondingly fast flow in the spray hole, a certain minimum pressure is required over Simulation or calculation is easily determinable. It is particularly advantageous if the fluid pressure is more than 1000 bar.
- FIG. 1 a device for high-pressure fluid jet cutting is shown schematically.
- the device comprises a nozzle 1, which has a nozzle body 2, in which a pressure chamber 3 is formed.
- a pressure chamber 3 In the pressure chamber 3 is a fluid under high pressure, wherein in the pressure chamber 3, a movable nozzle member 5 is arranged.
- the nozzle member 5 is formed as a piston-shaped nozzle needle and has at its one injection port 8 facing the end of a sealing surface 6, with which the nozzle needle 5 cooperates with a formed in the nozzle body 2 conical nozzle seat 7 for opening and closing the injection hole 8.
- the injection hole 8 is formed as a cylindrical bore in the nozzle body 2 and aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis 4, which also forms the longitudinal axis of the nozzle needle 5.
- the fluid stored in a fluid tank 18 is supplied via a line 20 to a high-pressure pump 21, which compresses the fluid and via a pressure line 24 to a high-pressure fluid reservoir 22, where the high-pressure fluid stored becomes.
- a further pressure line 24 leads to the pressure chamber 3 of the nozzle 1, so that in the pressure chamber 3 is always fluid under high pressure available.
- the fluid is compressed to a pressure of, for example, more than 1000 bar, preferably more than 2000 bar.
- the high-pressure fluid reservoir 22 can also be dispensed with and the nozzle 1 can be connected directly to the high-pressure pump 21.
- the spray hole 8 is alternately opened and closed by the nozzle needle 5 of the nozzle seat. 7 is moved away or rests on this. If fluid flows from the pressure chamber 3 into the spray hole 8, this is accelerated there because of the high pressure difference to the surroundings of the nozzle 1 and forms a high-pressure fluid jet 9.
- the high-pressure fluid jet 9 strikes a workpiece 10 to machine it, whereby either the nozzle 1 or the workpiece 10 can be moved horizontally. As a result, for example, a cutting channel 11 can be generated, as in FIG. 1 shown.
- the machining distance between the nozzle 3 and the workpiece 10 is in the FIG. 1 designated a and is preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, more preferably 15 mm to 25 mm.
- FIG. 2a an enlargement of the nozzle 1 in the region of the injection hole 8 is shown.
- the injection hole 8 is formed as a cylindrical bore in the nozzle body 2, wherein at the transition from the pressure chamber 3 into the spray hole inlet 12 of the injection hole 8 a sharp-edged inlet edge 14 is formed, which in FIG. 2b is shown enlarged again. Since the flow deflection at the sharp-edged injection hole inlet 12 leads to a strong flow deflection, 12 cavitation bubbles 15 are formed in the region of the injection hole inlet, as in FIG. 2b indicated schematically. These are entrained by the rapid flow within the spray hole 8 and exit through the spray hole outlet 13, since they take a certain time until they implode again.
- the speed of the high pressure fluid in the spray hole 8 and thus at the spray hole outlet 13 is about 500 to 600 m / s, when a pressure within the pressure chamber 3 of about 2000 bar is set.
- the thus accelerated cavitation bubbles 15 thus overcome the machining distance a of 15 mm within a time of about 30 microseconds, which is shorter than the average life of the cavitation bubbles, so that they implode to a large extent only in the area of the workpiece 10 and thus the cutting action of the Reinforce high-pressure fluid jet 9.
- FIG. 3a also shows an enlargement of the nozzle 1 in the region of the injection hole 8 of a further embodiment, which differs from the embodiment of FIG. 2a differs in that the injection hole 8 is not formed collinear to the longitudinal axis 4, but obliquely to this.
- This has different effects.
- the effective pressure within the spray hole 8 is somewhat reduced, since the flow must be deflected more strongly when entering the spray hole 8, which is accompanied by a certain pressure loss. This also reduces the velocity of the particles within the high-pressure fluid jet 9 somewhat.
- FIG. 4 is a further embodiment of the nozzle 1 according to the invention shown, also as a cut-out enlargement in the region of the injection hole 8 '.
- the injection hole 8 ' is here designed as a stepped bore which forms a larger diameter portion 108 and a smaller diameter portion 208, wherein the smaller diameter portion 208 forms the actually effective injection hole.
- a relatively short injection hole can be formed, also with a sharp-edged inlet edge 14 'between the larger diameter portion 108 and the smaller diameter portion 208 and thus with the corresponding Kavitationsne Trent.
- the smaller diameter portion 208 is relatively short, which also leads to the fact that the spray jet breaks at a short distance from the nozzle and thus has a comparatively large diameter when hitting the workpiece 10.
- the wall thickness of the nozzle body 2 in the region of the spray hole 8 'does not have to be reduced, so that, despite the short section 208, good mechanical stability of the nozzle body 2 is ensured in this area.
- the stepped spray hole 8 ' may also be made with interchangeable sequence of smaller portion 208 and larger portion 108, as in FIG FIG. 5 shown.
- the smaller diameter portion 208 forms the part of the spray hole 8 'which immediately adjoins the nozzle seat 7, while the larger diameter portion 108 forms the outer portion of the spray hole 8'.
- the injection hole 8 or the smaller diameter portion of the injection hole 8 ' preferably have a length of 0.25 mm to 0.75 mm.
- the shorter the injection hole the faster the high-pressure fluid jet 9 breaks up after it has left the nozzle, which allows processing of a larger area of the workpiece 10.
- the normally associated lower effect of the high pressure fluid jet 9 on the workpiece 10 by the friction in the air is compensated by the cavitation bubbles entrained with the high pressure fluid jet and impinging on the workpiece 10, so that the workpiece 10 is effectively at a similar cutting speed or speed Processing speed can be processed as in the known high-pressure fluid jet nozzles, but surfaces can be processed in a shorter time, since the high pressure fluid jet 9 is correspondingly wider.
- this high-pressure fluid jet 9 is particularly suitable for processing workpieces 10 on their surface, so for example to remove paint layers or ceramic layers or roughen the surface.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
Abstract
Vorrichtung zum Hochdruck-Fluidstrahlschneiden mit einem Hochdruckfluid-speicher (22), in dem verdichtetes Fluid vorgehalten wird, und mit einer Düse (1), die einen Düsenkörper (2) umfasst, in dem ein mit dem Hochdruckfluid-speicher (22) verbindbarer Druckraum (3) ausgebildet ist und von dem ein Spritzloch (8) ausgeht, durch das das verdichtete Fluid ausgespritzt werden kann. Im Druckraum (3) ist ein Düsenelement (5) beweglich angeordnet, das durch seine Bewegung das Spritzloch (8) verschließt und öffnet. Das Spritzloch (8) ist als zylindrische Bohrung im Düsenkörper (2) ausgebildet ist, wobei der Übergang vom Druckraum (3) in das Spritzloch (8) scharfkantig ausgebildet ist. In einem Verfahren zum Hochdruckfluidstrahlschneiden wird die Düse (1) bis auf einen Abstand von höchstens 5 mm an ein Werkstück angenähert und die Düse (1) anschließend periodisch geöffnet und geschlossen.Device for high-pressure fluid jet cutting with a high-pressure fluid reservoir (22) in which compressed fluid is held, and with a nozzle (1) which comprises a nozzle body (2) in which a pressure chamber that can be connected to the high-pressure fluid reservoir (22) (3) is formed and from which a spray hole (8) extends, through which the compressed fluid can be sprayed. A nozzle element (5) is movably arranged in the pressure chamber (3) and, through its movement, closes and opens the injection hole (8). The spray hole (8) is designed as a cylindrical bore in the nozzle body (2), the transition from the pressure chamber (3) to the spray hole (8) being sharp-edged. In a process for high-pressure fluid jet cutting, the nozzle (1) is brought closer to a workpiece up to a distance of at most 5 mm and the nozzle (1) is then periodically opened and closed.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Hochdruckfluidstrahlschneiden wie sie Verwendung findet, um Werkstücke mittels eines durch hohen Druck erzeugten Hochdruckfluidstrahls zu bearbeiten oder zu zerteilen. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben dieser Vorrichtung.The invention relates to an apparatus for high pressure fluid jet cutting as used to process or cut workpieces by means of a high pressure fluid jet generated by high pressure. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for operating this device.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Vorrichtungen seit längerer Zeit bekannt, mit denen ein Hochdruckfluidstrahl erzeugt werden kann, wobei als Fluid meist Wasser verwendet wird. Der durch die Vorrichtung erzeugte Hochdruckwasserstrahl eignet sich, um auch härteste Materialien, wie Stahl oder Keramik, zu zerteilen. Darüber hinaus lassen sich mit Hilfe des Hochdruckwasserstrahls Werkstücke bearbeiten: Beispielsweise können Lacke oder andere Beschichtungen abgetragen werden oder die Oberfläche kann in sonstiger Weise bearbeitet werden. Dabei wird zumeist ein kontinuierlicher Hochdruckfluidstrahl eingesetzt, wobei das Fluid bzw. das Wasser in einer Düse auf einen Druck von bis zu 6000 bar (600 MPa) verdichtet wird. Darüber hinaus ist aus der
Die Wirkung des Hochdruckfluidstrahls beruht auf der hohen Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Fluid- bzw. Wasserpartikel auf das Werkstück auftreffen. Dabei müssen die Partikel auch den auf dem Werkstück befindlichen Fluid- bzw. Wasserfilm durchdringen, was beim kontinuierlichen Wasserstrahlschneiden die Effektivität mindert. Dies wird durch das gepulste Wasserstrahlschneiden weitgehend vermieden, da hier das Wasser bzw. das verwendete Fluid Zeit hat, seitlich abzufließen, ehe der nächste Wasserpuls auf das Werkstück auftrifft. Eine weitere Erhöhung der Schneidwirkung lässt sich nur dadurch erreichen, indem der Fluiddruck erhöht wird, was wiederum eine höhere Geschwindigkeit der Wasserpartikel zur Folge hat.The effect of the high pressure fluid jet is due to the high velocity with which the fluid or water particles impact the workpiece. The particles must also penetrate the fluid or water film located on the workpiece, which reduces the effectiveness in continuous water jet cutting. This is largely avoided by the pulsed water jet cutting, since here the water or the fluid used has time to drain laterally before the next water pulse impinges on the workpiece. A further increase in the cutting effect can be achieved only by the fluid pressure is increased, which in turn has a higher velocity of the water particles result.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Hochdruckfluidstrahlschneiden weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass der durch die Vorrichtung erzeugte Hochdruckfluidstrahl eine größere Schneidwirkung entfaltet, ohne dass der Druck des Fluids weiter erhöht werden muss, so dass eine effektive Bearbeitung der Oberfläche ermöglicht wird, ebenso wie ein Zerteilen des Werkstücks. Dazu weist die Vorrichtung zum Hochdruckfluidstrahlschneiden eine Düse mit einem Düsenkörper auf, in dem ein mit dem Hochdruckfluidspeicher verbindbarer Druckraum ausgebildet ist, von dem ein Spritzloch ausgeht, durch das das verdichtete Fluid ausgespritzt werden kann. Innerhalb des Druckraums ist ein Düsenelement beweglich angeordnet, das durch seine Bewegung das Spritzloch verschließen und öffnen kann. Dabei ist das Spritzloch als zylindrische Bohrung im Düsenkörper ausgebildet, wobei der Übergang vom Druckraum in das Spritzloch scharfkantig ausgebildet ist.In contrast, the high-pressure fluid jet cutting apparatus according to the invention has the advantage that the high-pressure fluid jet produced by the device develops a greater cutting action without the pressure of the fluid having to be further increased, so that effective working of the surface is made possible, as well as parting of the workpiece , For this purpose, the device for high-pressure fluid jet cutting on a nozzle with a nozzle body in which a connectable to the high-pressure fluid reservoir pressure chamber is formed, from which a spray hole emanates, through which the compressed fluid can be ejected. Within the pressure chamber, a nozzle element is movably arranged, which can close and open the injection hole by its movement. In this case, the injection hole is formed as a cylindrical bore in the nozzle body, wherein the transition from the pressure chamber into the injection hole is sharp-edged.
Das Fluid liegt im Druckraum unter hohem Druck an. Wird das Spritzloch durch das Düsenelement freigegeben, so tritt das unter hohem Druck stehende Fluid in das Spritzloch ein, wird durch dieses ausgespritzt und bildet so den Hochdruckfluidstrahl. Ist der Übergang vom Druckraum in das Spritzloch scharfkantig ausgebildet, kommt es zur Ausbildung von sogenannten Totwasserbereichen, d.h. Bereichen, in denen die Fließgeschwindigkeit deutlich niedriger ist als in der Hauptströmung in das Spritzloch. Dadurch wird die Entstehung von Kavitation begünstigt, d.h. von kleinen Dampfblasen, die nahe des scharfkantigen Übergangs vom Druckraum in das Spritzloch entstehen. Diese werden durch die Strömungen mitgerissen und treten aus dem Spritzloch aus. Sie implodieren wieder nach sehr kurzer Zeit, jedoch sind die Partikel des Hochdruckfluidstrahls sehr schnell und treffen mit einer Geschwindigkeit zwischen 500 und 600 m/s auf das Werkstück. Ist der Abstand zwischen der Düse und dem Werkstück in einem geeigneten Bereich, so implodieren die Kavitationsblasen erst auf dem Werkstück und tragen so zur Schneidwirkung des Hochdruckfluidstrahls bei bzw. begünstigen das Entschichten oder Bearbeiten der Werkstückoberflächen. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die Schneidwirkung erhöhen, ohne die Bearbeitungszeit zu verlängern.The fluid is in the pressure chamber under high pressure. If the injection hole is released through the nozzle element, the fluid under high pressure enters the injection hole is injected through this, thus forming the high-pressure fluid jet. If the transition from the pressure chamber into the spray hole is sharp-edged, so-called dead water regions are formed, ie regions in which the flow velocity is significantly lower than in the main flow into the spray hole. This promotes the formation of cavitation, ie of small vapor bubbles that occur near the sharp-edged transition from the pressure chamber into the spray hole. These are entrained by the currents and emerge from the spray hole. They implode again after a very short time, but the particles of the high-pressure fluid jet are very fast and strike the workpiece at a speed between 500 and 600 m / s. If the distance between the nozzle and the workpiece is in a suitable range, then the cavitation bubbles implode only on the workpiece and thus contribute to the cutting action of the high-pressure fluid jet or favor the stripping or processing of the workpiece surfaces. In this way, the cutting effect can be increased without increasing the processing time.
In einer ersten vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung hat das Spritzloch eine Länge zwischen 0,25 mm und 0,75 mm. Durch die kurze Länge wird ein Aufbrechen des Hochdruckfluidstrahls begünstigt, d.h. der Hochdruckfluidstrahl fächert bereits in kurzem Abstand von der Düse auf, so dass ein Hochdruckfluidstrahl mit einem relativ großen Durchmesser entsteht, mit dem ein entsprechend großer Bereich des Werkstücks bearbeitet werden kann. In vorteilhafter Weise ist dabei der Durchmesser des Spritzlochs zwischen 0,1 mm und 0,3 mm. Darüber hinaus verhindert ein relativ kurzes Spritzloch, dass die Kavitationsblasen bereits innerhalb des Spritzlochs implodieren, was zum einen hilft, Beschädigungen an der Düse zu vermeiden, und zum anderen dafür sorgt, dass zumindest die meisten Kavitationsblasen erst am Werkstück implodieren und dadurch die Wirkung des Hochdruckfluidstrahls verstärken.In a first advantageous embodiment of the invention, the injection hole has a length between 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm. The short length promotes breakup of the high pressure fluid jet, i. the high-pressure fluid jet fan already at a short distance from the nozzle, so that a high-pressure fluid jet with a relatively large diameter is formed, with which a correspondingly large area of the workpiece can be processed. Advantageously, the diameter of the injection hole is between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm. In addition, a relatively short spray hole prevents cavitation bubbles from imploding within the spray hole, which helps prevent damage to the nozzle and also ensures that at least most cavitation bubbles implode on the workpiece and thereby the high pressure fluid jet strengthen.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist das bewegliche Düsenelement als kolbenförmige Düsennadel ausgebildet, die mit einem Düsensitz innerhalb des Düsenkörpers zum Öffnen und Schließen des Spritzlochs zusammenwirkt, wobei das Spritzloch schräg zur Längsachse der Düsennadel ausgebildet ist. Ein schräg ausgebildetes Spritzloch führt zu einer starken Strömungsumlenkung des unter Hochdruck stehenden Fluids beim Eintritt in das Spritzloch, was die Entstehung von Kavitation am Übergang in das Spritzloch zusätzlich begünstigt. Damit entstehen mehr Kavitationsblasen und die Schneidwirkung wird entsprechend erhöht.In a further advantageous embodiment, the movable nozzle element is designed as a piston-shaped nozzle needle, which cooperates with a nozzle seat within the nozzle body for opening and closing the injection hole, wherein the injection hole is formed obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle needle. An obliquely formed injection hole leads to a strong flow deflection of under high pressure fluid entering the injection hole, which additionally favors the formation of cavitation at the transition into the spray hole. This creates more cavitation bubbles and the cutting action is increased accordingly.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist das Spritzloch Teil einer gestuften Bohrung, die vom Druckraum ausgeht, wobei das Spritzloch den im Durchmesser kleinsten Abschnitt der gestuften Bohrung bildet. Durch diese Ausgestaltung lässt sich ein kurzes Spritzloch realisieren, ohne dass die Wandstärke des Düsenkörpers im Bereich des Spritzlochs vermindert werden muss, so dass die Stabilität der Düse in diesem Bereich nach wie vor gegeben ist.In a further embodiment, the injection hole is part of a stepped bore extending from the pressure chamber, wherein the injection hole forms the smallest diameter portion of the stepped bore in diameter. With this configuration, a short injection hole can be realized without the wall thickness of the nozzle body having to be reduced in the region of the injection hole, so that the stability of the nozzle in this area is still given.
Bei einem Verfahren zum Hochdruckfluidstrahlschneiden eines Werkstücks mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung werden nacheinander folgende Verfahrensschritte ausgeführt: Die Düse wird positioniert bezüglich des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks, so dass der aus dem Spritzloch austretende Fluidstrahl senkrecht auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks trifft. Anschließend wird die Düse an das Werkstück angenähert, bis der Abstand der Bearbeitungsdistanz entspricht. Anschließend wird das Spritzloch abwechselnd geöffnet und geschlossen, so dass ein gepulster Fluidstrahl entsteht, der auf das Werkstück trifft.In a method for high-pressure fluid jet cutting of a workpiece with a device according to the invention, the following method steps are carried out in succession: The nozzle is positioned with respect to the workpiece to be machined, so that the fluid jet emerging from the injection hole meets perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece. Subsequently, the nozzle is approximated to the workpiece until the distance corresponds to the machining distance. Subsequently, the injection hole is alternately opened and closed, so that a pulsed fluid jet is formed, which hits the workpiece.
Durch dieses Verfahren wird die oben genannte Wirkung, bei der die Kavitation die Schneidwirkung des Hochdruckfluidstrahls unterstützt, optimal umgesetzt, insbesondere durch den geringen Abstand zwischen der Düse und der Werkstückoberfläche. Bei einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit am Spritzlochaustritt von 500 m/s benötigen die Kavitationsbläschen zur Überwindung eines Spalts von 15 mm zwischen der Düse und der Werkstückoberfläche nur etwa 30 µs, so dass die Kavitationsblasen in der Regel nicht vor dem Auftreffen auf dem Werkstück implodieren.By this method, the above-mentioned effect, in which the cavitation supports the cutting action of the high-pressure fluid jet, optimally implemented, in particular by the small distance between the nozzle and the workpiece surface. With a flow velocity at the spray hole exit of 500 m / s, the cavitation bubbles need only about 30 μs to overcome a gap of 15 mm between the nozzle and the workpiece surface, so that the cavitation bubbles generally do not implode before hitting the workpiece.
In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist der Druck im Druckraum so hoch, dass bei geöffneter Düse im Bereich des Spritzlocheinlaufs Kavitationsblasen im Fluid entstehen. Da Kavitation nur bei entsprechend schneller Strömung im Spritzloch auftreten kann, ist ein gewisser Mindestdruck erforderlich, der über Simulation oder Rechnung leicht bestimmbar ist. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Fluiddruck dabei mehr als 1000 bar beträgt.In an advantageous development of the method, the pressure in the pressure chamber is so high that, when the nozzle is open, cavitation bubbles are formed in the fluid in the area of the injection hole inlet. Since cavitation can occur only with correspondingly fast flow in the spray hole, a certain minimum pressure is required over Simulation or calculation is easily determinable. It is particularly advantageous if the fluid pressure is more than 1000 bar.
In der Zeichnung sind verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dargestellt. Es zeigt:
- Figur 1
- einen schematischen Aufbau der Vorrichtung zum Hochdruckfluidstrahlschneiden,
- Figur 2a
- eine Vergrößerung der Düse im Bereich des Düsensitzes und des Spritzlochs in einer vergrößerten Darstellung,
- Figur 2b
- eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung der
Figur 2a im Bereich des Spritzlochs, - Figur 3a
- eine ebenfalls vergrößerte Darstellung der Düse im Bereich des Spritzlochs eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels und
- Figur 3b
- eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung der
Figur 3a im Bereich des Spritzlochs und Figur 4- eine alternative Ausgestaltung des Spritzlochs, ebenfalls in einer Detailvergrößerung der Düse.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic structure of the device for high-pressure fluid jet cutting,
- FIG. 2a
- an enlargement of the nozzle in the region of the nozzle seat and the injection hole in an enlarged view,
- FIG. 2b
- an enlarged detail of the
FIG. 2a in the area of the injection hole, - FIG. 3a
- an also enlarged view of the nozzle in the region of the injection hole of a second embodiment and
- FIG. 3b
- an enlarged detail of the
FIG. 3a in the area of the injection hole and - FIG. 4
- an alternative embodiment of the injection hole, also in an enlarged detail of the nozzle.
In
Zur Versorgung des Druckraums 3 mit einem Fluid unter hohem Druck wird das in einem Fluidtank 18 vorgehaltene Fluid über eine Leitung 20 einer Hochdruckpumpe 21 zugeführt, die das Fluid verdichtet und über eine Druckleitung 24 einem Fluidhochdruckspeicher 22 zuführt, wo das unter hohem Druck stehende Fluid gespeichert wird. Vom Fluidhochdruckspeicher 22 führt eine weitere Druckleitung 24 zum Druckraum 3 der Düse 1, so dass im Druckraum 3 stets Fluid unter Hochdruck zur Verfügung steht. Dabei wird das Fluid auf einen Druck von beispielsweise mehr als 1000 bar verdichtet, vorzugsweise mehr als 2000 bar. Alternativ kann der Fluidhochdruckspeicher 22 auch entfallen und die Düse 1 direkt mit der Hochdruckpumpe 21 verbunden werden.To supply the
Durch eine Bewegung der Düsennadel 5 innerhalb des Druckraums 3, was entweder servo-hydraulisch oder auch durch die direkte Einwirkung eines elektrischen Aktors - beispielsweise eines Elektromagneten - erreicht werden kann, wird das Spritzloch 8 abwechselnd geöffnet und geschlossen, indem die Düsennadel 5 von Düsensitz 7 wegbewegt wird oder auf diesem aufliegt. Strömt Fluid aus dem Druckraum 3 in das Spritzloch 8, so wird dieses dort wegen der hohen Druckdifferenz zur Umgebung der Düse 1 beschleunigt und bildet einen Hochdruckfluidstrahl 9 aus. Der Hochdruckfluidstrahl 9 trifft auf ein Werkstück 10 um dieses zu bearbeiten, wobei entweder die Düse 1 oder das Werkstück 10 horizontal bewegt werden kann. Dadurch kann beispielsweise ein Schnittkanal 11 erzeugt werden, wie in
In
In
Das Spritzloch 8 bzw. der im Durchmesser kleinere Abschnitt des Spritzlochs 8' weisen vorzugsweise eine Länge von 0,25 mm bis 0,75 mm auf. Je kürzer das Spritzloch, desto schneller bricht der Hochdruckfluidstrahl 9 auf, nachdem er die Düse verlassen hat, was eine Bearbeitung eines größeren Bereichs des Werkstücks 10 erlaubt. Die normalerweise damit einhergehende geringere Wirkung des Hochdruckfluidstrahls 9 auf das Werkstück 10 durch die Reibung in der Luft wird durch die Kavitationsblasen, die mit dem Hochdruckfluidstrahl mitgerissen werden und auf dem Werkstück 10 implodieren, kompensiert, so dass das Werkstück 10 effektiv mit einer ähnlichen Schnittgeschwindigkeit bzw. Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit wie bei den bekannten Hochdruck-Fluidstrahldüsen bearbeitet werden kann, jedoch können Flächen in einer kürzeren Zeit bearbeitet werden, da der Hochdruckfluidstrahl 9 entsprechend breiter ist. Durch die auftretenden Kavitationsblasen ist dieser Hochdruckfluidstrahl 9 insbesondere dazu geeignet, Werkstücke 10 an ihrer Oberfläche zu bearbeiten, also beispielsweise Lackschichten oder Keramikschichten zu entfernen oder die Oberfläche aufzurauen.The
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Spritzloch (8) als zylindrische Bohrung im Düsenkörper (2) ausgebildet ist, wobei der Übergang vom Druckraum (3) in das Spritzloch (8) scharfkantig ausgebildet ist.Apparatus for high-pressure fluid jet cutting with a nozzle (1) which comprises a nozzle body (2) in which a pressurized space (3) which can be filled with compressed fluid is formed and from which an injection hole (8) emanates, through which the compressed fluid is ejected can, and with a nozzle member (5) which is movably disposed within the pressure chamber (3) and closes by its movement, the injection hole (8) and opens,
characterized,
in that the spray hole (8) is designed as a cylindrical bore in the nozzle body (2), wherein the transition from the pressure chamber (3) into the spray hole (8) is sharp-edged.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102018202841.9A DE102018202841A1 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Form for high-pressure fluid jet cutting |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3530408A1 true EP3530408A1 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
Family
ID=65493884
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19157699.0A Withdrawn EP3530408A1 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2019-02-18 | Apparatus for high pressure fluid jet cutting |
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EP (1) | EP3530408A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102018202841A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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DE102020201719A1 (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2021-08-12 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method and device for cutting and / or processing a workpiece by means of a pressurized pulsating fluid jet |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2724173A1 (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1978-11-30 | Speck Kolbenpumpen Fabrik | JET AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IT |
US4150794A (en) * | 1977-07-26 | 1979-04-24 | Camsco, Inc. | Liquid jet cutting nozzle and housing |
US4607794A (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1986-08-26 | Norman Horwood | Control of jets of liquid |
US5226597A (en) * | 1991-09-16 | 1993-07-13 | Ursic Thomas A | Orifice assembly and method providing highly cohesive fluid jet |
WO2005068825A1 (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Valve needle, and valve |
DE102013201797A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Water jet cutting device used for cutting of e.g. steel, has fluid pulse generation unit that produces fluid pulses through nozzle such that predetermined amount of material is cleared away by fluid pulses |
DE102014225247A1 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for liquid jet cutting |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4313570A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1982-02-02 | Flow Industries, Inc. | High pressure cutting nozzle with on-off capability |
US4573637A (en) * | 1982-12-06 | 1986-03-04 | Dravo Corporation | Accelerating slugs of liquid |
DE102014222299A1 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus for erosive processing and / or for cleaning a material or a workpiece surface by means of at least one high-pressure fluid jet and method for operating such a device |
DE102014225904A1 (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-06-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for liquid jet cutting |
-
2018
- 2018-02-26 DE DE102018202841.9A patent/DE102018202841A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-02-18 EP EP19157699.0A patent/EP3530408A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2724173A1 (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1978-11-30 | Speck Kolbenpumpen Fabrik | JET AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IT |
US4150794A (en) * | 1977-07-26 | 1979-04-24 | Camsco, Inc. | Liquid jet cutting nozzle and housing |
US4607794A (en) * | 1983-03-04 | 1986-08-26 | Norman Horwood | Control of jets of liquid |
US5226597A (en) * | 1991-09-16 | 1993-07-13 | Ursic Thomas A | Orifice assembly and method providing highly cohesive fluid jet |
WO2005068825A1 (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-07-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Valve needle, and valve |
DE102013201797A1 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Water jet cutting device used for cutting of e.g. steel, has fluid pulse generation unit that produces fluid pulses through nozzle such that predetermined amount of material is cleared away by fluid pulses |
DE102014225247A1 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-06-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for liquid jet cutting |
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