EP3230025B1 - Method for cutting with a fluid jet - Google Patents

Method for cutting with a fluid jet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3230025B1
EP3230025B1 EP15787555.0A EP15787555A EP3230025B1 EP 3230025 B1 EP3230025 B1 EP 3230025B1 EP 15787555 A EP15787555 A EP 15787555A EP 3230025 B1 EP3230025 B1 EP 3230025B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
nozzle
workpiece
liquid jet
outlet opening
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Not-in-force
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EP15787555.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3230025A1 (en
Inventor
Jens-Peter Nagel
Malte Bickelhaupt
Uwe Iben
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP3230025A1 publication Critical patent/EP3230025A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for liquid jet cutting, as it is preferably applied to the cutting of solid materials.
  • liquid jet cutting of solid materials have been known for some time from the prior art.
  • water is preferably compressed with a compressor unit to a very high pressure, which is usually several thousand bar.
  • the liquid then flows through a nozzle, exits through an outlet opening and thereby forms a liquid jet which is directed to the material to be divided. Due to the high speed and the high momentum of the water, the water jet shatters the material in the area of the liquid jet and breaks it up.
  • solid materials can be cut, for example, metal, glass, plastic, wood and similar materials.
  • a device for liquid jet cutting which does not use a continuous stream of water to cut the material, but a pulsed water jet, in which the liquid jet is interrupted at regular intervals.
  • the pulsed liquid jet has the particular advantage that the cutting device manages with a relatively low pressure and above all is significantly more energy efficient than the known continuous jet cutting method.
  • the operating parameters are crucial.
  • a nozzle is known with which a water jet for processing a workpiece can be generated, wherein the water jet is interrupted by an ultrasonic generator periodically.
  • the US 5,927,329 A moreover discloses a nozzle device for generating a pulsed water jet with a movable valve element.
  • the method according to the invention for liquid jet cutting has the advantage that an efficient and energy-saving cutting process is ensured, which additionally leads to an improved cutting edge, so that particularly smooth cut edges can be achieved.
  • the method for liquid jet cutting comprises a compressor unit which compresses a liquid for generating a liquid jet and a nozzle which is connected to the compressor unit.
  • the nozzle has an outlet opening through which the compressed liquid emerges in the form of a jet of liquid, and with an interrupter unit which can interrupt or release a flow of the compressed liquid to the outlet opening.
  • the liquid is compressed by the compressor unit, the outlet opening is brought to the workpiece to be machined up to a machining distance, the liquid jet is alternately released and interrupted by the interrupter unit, while the nozzle is moved relative to the workpiece in a machining direction.
  • the pulse duration of the liquid jet is less than 1000 ⁇ s.
  • the liquid pulses are carried out at a short time interval and a subsequent group of liquid pulses with a time interval which is greater than the time interval of the liquid pulses of the individual groups.
  • the liquid jet pulse impinging on the workpiece surface releases material from the surface of the workpiece which is swept away by the liquid of the liquid jet.
  • the subsequent liquid jet no longer has to work through the already existing liquid through the workpiece, but finds its way directly to the workpiece surface and can continue the further processing.
  • the leached material of the workpiece can also lead to an increase in the cutting effect, if individual particles are not washed away with the processing liquid, but remain in the region of the cut.
  • the subsequent liquid jet pulse this material is pressed into the workpiece and leads to an increase in the cutting action, similar to the addition of an abrasive medium in the known continuous wave liquid jet cutting.
  • the pulsed application also has the advantage that it comes to cavitation effects on the surface of the workpiece, which further increases the material removal.
  • the quality of the cut edges is also improved by the method according to the invention, since the processing liquid no longer has to escape to the side and thereby damage the cut edges. This is amplified by the grouping of the liquid pulses individual bursts, which are temporally spaced apart.
  • the pulse duration is 50 to 500 microseconds, wherein the liquid jet through the interrupter unit periödisch to Production of liquid pulses is opened and closed in an advantageous manner. If the liquid pulses are generated periodically, the workpiece can be moved in the machining direction at a uniform speed, so that a cutting line is formed in the workpiece.
  • liquid pulses per second are generated, ie the liquid pulses are sprayed onto the workpiece at a frequency of 25 to 500 Hz.
  • the frequency of the liquid pulses depends on the processing speed, ie the speed with which the nozzle moves relative to the workpiece and on the thickness and the material properties of the workpiece.
  • the distance of the nozzle opening to the workpiece surface during processing 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 1 to 2 mm. This distance ensures efficient machining of the workpiece without the back splash of water leading to damage to the nozzle.
  • the nozzle is moved relative to the workpiece at a speed of 10 to 1200 mm / min, wherein the feed rate depends on the thickness of the workpiece and the material properties of the workpiece.
  • the nozzle has a nozzle body with a longitudinal bore, wherein the longitudinal bore forms a pressure chamber into which the compressed liquid is supplied.
  • the interrupter unit is formed by a longitudinally movable within the pressure chamber nozzle needle, which opens and closes the outlet opening by their longitudinal movement.
  • FIG. 1 a device for carrying out the liquid jet cutting process according to the invention is shown.
  • a tank 1 the liquid is kept, which is used for liquid jet cutting use, for example, purified water, but also other liquids conceivable.
  • the liquid is supplied from the liquid tank 1 via a line 2 to a compressor unit 3, for example a high-pressure pump, where the liquid is compressed and fed via a high-pressure line 4 into a high-pressure collecting space 5, where the compressed liquid is kept.
  • the high-pressure accumulator 5 is used to compensate for pressure fluctuations, so as to perform the liquid jet cutting at a constant high pressure, without the compressor unit 3 must be readjusted at short intervals.
  • a pressure line 7 leads to a nozzle 10, the nozzle 10 having an interrupter unit 8, here in the form of a 2/2-way valve, and an outlet opening 11 in the form of a restricted passage for the liquid, so that from the outlet opening 11 a Fluid jet 14 emerges, which is sharply focused and during operation encounters a workpiece 15, which is arranged in a processing distance d to the nozzle 10.
  • the inventive method is carried out as follows: In the nozzle 10 is located on the pressure line 7 high-density liquid, the interrupter unit 8 is closed at the beginning. In order to generate a pulsed liquid jet 14, the interrupter unit 8 is now closed and opened at regular intervals so that a pulsed liquid jet 14 which hits the surface of the workpiece 15 emerges through the outlet opening 11. Upon impact of the liquid on the workpiece 15, the affected areas are shattered and washed away the fragments on the effluent liquid. Thereby, the workpiece is cut, wherein the cutting line is generated by a movement of the workpiece 15 in a machining direction, wherein it can also be provided that not the workpiece 15, but the nozzle 10 is moved by a suitable device relative to the workpiece 15.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a nozzle 10 according to the invention with the associated workpiece 15.
  • the nozzle 10 shown here has a nozzle body 12, in which a bore 13 is formed, in which a nozzle needle 18 is arranged longitudinally displaceable. Between the wall of the bore 13 and the nozzle needle 18, a pressure chamber 17 is formed, in which the highly compressed liquid is supplied via the pressure line 7.
  • the nozzle needle 18 cooperates with a nozzle seat 20, so that upon contact of the nozzle needle 18 on the nozzle seat 20, the pressure chamber 17 is separated from the injection port 11, which is formed as a bore in the nozzle body 10. If the nozzle needle 18 lifts off from the nozzle seat 20, liquid flows out of the pressure chamber 17 through the outlet opening 11 and forms a liquid jet 14 which strikes the workpiece 15.
  • the nozzle needle 18 is periodically moved up and down, thus releasing the liquid jet 14 or interrupts the liquid supply between two injections.
  • the workpiece 15 is moved in the machining direction 22, it is irrelevant whether the workpiece or the nozzle is moved or both simultaneously.
  • FIG. 3a the time course of the liquid jet is shown schematically, wherein on the ordinate the leaked amount of liquid per unit time Q is removed and on the abscissa the time t.
  • a liquid jet 14 is periodically ejected from the nozzle 10, the individual pulses having a time tp and a time interval from each other from t a .
  • the pulses may, as shown here, follow each other periodically and all be of the same design, or different pulses can also be generated, as shown in FIG. 3b is shown having different durations t p1 and t p3 and also have different time intervals to each other.
  • the frequency of the injection pulses may be increased as the thickness of the workpiece increases or as the strength of the workpiece changes over the processing length.
  • the duration of the liquid pulses t p is less than 1000 ⁇ s, preferably 50 to 500 ⁇ s, in order to achieve an optimum cutting edge, depending on the material.
  • Pulsed liquid jet cutting is particularly well suited for cutting glass fiber or carbon fiber plates (CFRP) or metal sheets, for example aluminum.
  • CFRP carbon fiber plates
  • pulsed liquid jet cutting offers a clear advantage over the continuous jet liquid jet cutting with a much smoother cutting edge, ie the fraying of the carbon fibers at the edge of the cutting edge is largely prevented.
  • the energy input when cutting a CFRP board can be reduced by up to a factor of 20.
  • the pulsed water jet cutting comes with a lower pressure.
  • the liquid is held within the nozzle 12 at a pressure of typically 2500 bar, whereby a pressure increase to 3000 bar is possible.
  • a pressure increase to 3000 bar is possible.
  • this is significantly reduced and associated with correspondingly lower energy consumption.
  • pulsed liquid jet cutting is particularly suitable for plates with a thickness of up to 2 mm, whereby the diameter of the liquid jet is approx. 150 ⁇ m.
  • the pressures used are about 2400 bar, although it is also possible to work with lower fluid pressure.
  • Optimal clock rates are more than 40 Hz with a pulse duration of 1000 ⁇ s or less, whereby the clock rate must be adjusted to the feed rate of the processing, d. H. the faster the feed rate, the higher the clock rate must be.
  • the liquid jet is interrupted periodically by means of the interrupter unit to achieve the liquid pulses.
  • interrupting does not necessarily refer to completely closing the orifice at the nozzle. It may also mean that the interrupter unit throttles the liquid jet only very much, but still some liquid exits at low pressure between the liquid pulses. The described effects are also achieved, provided that the throttling is sufficiently strong.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden, wie es vorzugsweise zum Zerteilen von festen Werkstoffen angewandt wird.The present invention relates to a method for liquid jet cutting, as it is preferably applied to the cutting of solid materials.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Verfahren zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden von festen Werkstoffen seit längerer Zeit bekannt. Hierbei wird vorzugsweise Wasser mit einer Verdichtereinheit auf einen sehr hohen Druck verdichtet, der üblicherweise einige tausend bar beträgt. Die Flüssigkeit strömt anschließend durch eine Düse, tritt durch eine Austrittsöffnung aus und bildet dadurch einen Flüssigkeitsstrahl, der auf den zu zerteilenden Werkstoff gerichtet wird. Auf Grund der hohen Geschwindigkeit und des hohen Impulses des Wassers, zertrümmert der Wasserstrahl den Werkstoff im Bereich des Flüssigkeitsstrahls und zerteilt ihn dadurch. Mit diesem Verfahren lassen sich feste Werkstoffe zerteilen, beispielsweise Metall, Glas, Kunststoff, Holz und ähnliche Werkstoffe. Da die Verdichtung des Wassers viel Energie benötigt und der Flüssigkeitsstrahl bzw. der Wasserstrahl im Dauerstrich betrieben wird, ist diese Werkstoffbearbeitung nur mit einer hohen Leistung möglich, die bei den üblichen bekannten Anlagen einige zehn Kilowatt betragen kann. Entsprechend hoch sind die Betriebskosten einer solchen Anlage und aufgrund der großen Abmessungen solcher Anlagen auch die benötigte Stellfläche.Methods for liquid jet cutting of solid materials have been known for some time from the prior art. In this case, water is preferably compressed with a compressor unit to a very high pressure, which is usually several thousand bar. The liquid then flows through a nozzle, exits through an outlet opening and thereby forms a liquid jet which is directed to the material to be divided. Due to the high speed and the high momentum of the water, the water jet shatters the material in the area of the liquid jet and breaks it up. With this method, solid materials can be cut, for example, metal, glass, plastic, wood and similar materials. Since the compression of the water requires a lot of energy and the liquid jet or water jet is operated in continuous wave, this material processing is possible only with a high power, which can be some ten kilowatts in the conventional systems known. The operating costs of such a system are correspondingly high and, due to the large dimensions of such systems, also the required floor space.

Um die Wirkung des Wasserstrahls zu verbessern ist es ebenfalls bekannt, Abrasivstoffe dem Wasserstrahl zuzumischen, die vom Wasser mitgerissen werden und mit hoher Energie auf die Bauteiloberfläche auftreffen und so die Wirkung des Wasserstrahls verbessern. Durch die Zumischung der Abrasivstoffe werden allerdings die Kosten weiter erhöht und das verbrauchte Wasser lässt sich nicht mehr ohne Weiteres in den Kreislauf zurückführen, da die Abrasivstoffe erst in einem aufwendigen Verfahren herausgefiltert werden müssten und zu vermehrtem Verschleiß in der Anlage führen.In order to improve the effect of the water jet, it is also known to mix abrasives with the water jet, which are entrained by the water and impinge with high energy on the component surface and thus improve the effect of the water jet. By mixing the abrasives are However, the costs further increased and the water used can not be easily recirculated, since the abrasive would have to be filtered out only in a complex process and lead to increased wear in the system.

Aus der DE 10 2013 201 797 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden bekannt, die zum Zerteilen des Werkstoffs keinen kontinuierlichen Wasserstrahl verwendet, sondern einen gepulsten Wasserstrahl, bei dem der Flüssigkeitsstrahl in regelmäßigen Abständen unterbrochen wird. Der gepulste Flüssigkeitsstrahl hat insbesondere den Vorteil, dass die Schneideinrichtung mit einem relativ geringen Druck auskommt und vor allem deutlich energieeffizienter ist als die bekannten Dauerstrahlschneidverfahren. Für eine optimale Wirkung des Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneidens sind die Betriebsparameter jedoch von entscheidender Bedeutung.From the DE 10 2013 201 797 A1 a device for liquid jet cutting is known, which does not use a continuous stream of water to cut the material, but a pulsed water jet, in which the liquid jet is interrupted at regular intervals. The pulsed liquid jet has the particular advantage that the cutting device manages with a relatively low pressure and above all is significantly more energy efficient than the known continuous jet cutting method. However, for optimal liquid jet cutting, the operating parameters are crucial.

Aus der gattungsgebenden US 5 154 347 A ist weiterhin eine Düse bekannt, mit der ein Wasserstrahl zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks erzeugbar ist, wobei der Wasserstrahl durch einen Ultraschallerzeuger periodisch unterbrochen wird. Die US 5 927 329 A offenbart darüber hinaus eine Düsenvorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines gepulsten Wasserstrahls mit einem beweglichen Ventilelement.From the generative US 5 154 347 A Furthermore, a nozzle is known with which a water jet for processing a workpiece can be generated, wherein the water jet is interrupted by an ultrasonic generator periodically. The US 5,927,329 A moreover discloses a nozzle device for generating a pulsed water jet with a movable valve element.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass ein effizientes und energiesparendes Schneidverfahren gewährleistet ist, was zusätzlich zu einer verbesserten Schnittkante führt, sodass besonders glatte Schnittkanten erreichbar sind. Dazu weist das Verfahren zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden eine Verdichtereinheit auf, die eine Flüssigkeit zur Erzeugung eines Flüssigkeitsstrahls verdichtet und eine Düse, die mit der Verdichtereinheit verbunden ist. Die Düse weist eine Austrittsöffnung auf, durch die die verdichtete Flüssigkeit in Form eines Flüssigkeitsstrahls austritt, und mit einer Unterbrechereinheit, die eine Strömung der verdichteten Flüssigkeit zu der Austrittsöffnung unterbrechen oder freigeben kann. Dabei werden folgende Verfahrensschritte durchgeführt: Die Flüssigkeit wird durch die Verdichtereinheit verdichtet, die Austrittsöffnung wird an das zu bearbeitende Werkstück bis auf eine Bearbeitungsdistanz herangeführt, der Flüssigkeitsstrahl wird durch die Unterbrechereinheit abwechselnd freigegeben und unterbrochen, wobei gleichzeitig die Düse gegenüber dem Werkstück in einer Bearbeitungsrichtung bewegt wird. Hierbei ist die Pulsdauer des Flüssigkeitsstrahls weniger als 1000 µs. Die Flüssigkeitspulse werden dabei mit kurzem zeitlichem Abstand ausgeführt und eine darauffolgende Gruppe von Flüssigkeitspulsen mit einem Zeitabstand, der größer als der Zeitabstand der Flüssigkeitspulse der einzelnen Gruppen ist.In contrast, the method according to the invention for liquid jet cutting has the advantage that an efficient and energy-saving cutting process is ensured, which additionally leads to an improved cutting edge, so that particularly smooth cut edges can be achieved. For this purpose, the method for liquid jet cutting comprises a compressor unit which compresses a liquid for generating a liquid jet and a nozzle which is connected to the compressor unit. The nozzle has an outlet opening through which the compressed liquid emerges in the form of a jet of liquid, and with an interrupter unit which can interrupt or release a flow of the compressed liquid to the outlet opening. Here are the following steps The liquid is compressed by the compressor unit, the outlet opening is brought to the workpiece to be machined up to a machining distance, the liquid jet is alternately released and interrupted by the interrupter unit, while the nozzle is moved relative to the workpiece in a machining direction. Here, the pulse duration of the liquid jet is less than 1000 μs. The liquid pulses are carried out at a short time interval and a subsequent group of liquid pulses with a time interval which is greater than the time interval of the liquid pulses of the individual groups.

Durch die kurze Pulsdauer des Flüssigkeitsstrahls werden folgende Effekte erzielt: Der auf die Werkstückoberfläche prallende Flüssigkeitsstrahlpuls löst aus der Oberfläche des Werkstücks Material, das durch die Flüssigkeit des Flüssigkeitsstrahls weggeschwemmt wird. Der darauffolgende Flüssigkeitsstrahl muss nun nicht mehr durch die bereits vorhandene Flüssigkeit hindurch das Werkstück bearbeiten, sondern findet seinen Weg direkt auf die Werkstückoberfläche und kann die weitere Bearbeitung fortsetzen. Je nach Werkstück und je nach den sonstigen Betriebsparametern kann das herausgelöste Material des Werkstücks auch zu einer Verstärkung des Schneideffekts führen, wenn einzelne Partikel nicht mit der Bearbeitungsflüssigkeit weggeschwemmt werden, sondern im Bereich des Schnittes verbleiben. Durch den nachfolgenden Flüssigkeitsstrahlpuls wird dieses Material in das Werkstück gedrückt und führt zu einer Verstärkung der Schnittwirkung, ähnlich wie die Zugabe von einem Abrasivmedium bei dem bekannten Dauerstrich-Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden. Die gepulste Beaufschlagung hat darüber hinaus den Vorteil, dass es zu Kavitationseffekten an der Oberfläche des Werkstücks kommt, was den Materialabtrag weiter verstärkt.Due to the short pulse duration of the liquid jet, the following effects are achieved: The liquid jet pulse impinging on the workpiece surface releases material from the surface of the workpiece which is swept away by the liquid of the liquid jet. The subsequent liquid jet no longer has to work through the already existing liquid through the workpiece, but finds its way directly to the workpiece surface and can continue the further processing. Depending on the workpiece and depending on the other operating parameters, the leached material of the workpiece can also lead to an increase in the cutting effect, if individual particles are not washed away with the processing liquid, but remain in the region of the cut. By the subsequent liquid jet pulse, this material is pressed into the workpiece and leads to an increase in the cutting action, similar to the addition of an abrasive medium in the known continuous wave liquid jet cutting. The pulsed application also has the advantage that it comes to cavitation effects on the surface of the workpiece, which further increases the material removal.

Die Qualität der Schnittkanten wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ebenfalls verbessert, da die Bearbeitungsflüssigkeit nicht mehr zur Seite entweichen muss und dadurch die Schnittkanten beschädigt. Dies wird durch die Gruppierung der Flüssigkeitspulse einzelne Bursts verstärkt, die zeitlich voneinander beabstandet sind.The quality of the cut edges is also improved by the method according to the invention, since the processing liquid no longer has to escape to the side and thereby damage the cut edges. This is amplified by the grouping of the liquid pulses individual bursts, which are temporally spaced apart.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung beträgt die Pulsdauer 50 bis 500 µs, wobei der Flüssigkeitsstrahl durch die Unterbrechereinheit periödisch zur Erzeugung von Flüssigkeitspulsen in vorteilhafter Weise geöffnet und geschlossen wird. Werden die Flüssigkeitspulse periodisch erzeugt, kann mit einer gleichmäßigen Geschwindigkeit das Werkstück in Bearbeitungsrichtung bewegt werden, sodass eine Schnittlinie im Werkstück entsteht.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pulse duration is 50 to 500 microseconds, wherein the liquid jet through the interrupter unit periödisch to Production of liquid pulses is opened and closed in an advantageous manner. If the liquid pulses are generated periodically, the workpiece can be moved in the machining direction at a uniform speed, so that a cutting line is formed in the workpiece.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung werden zwischen 25 und 500 Flüssigkeitspulse pro Sekunde erzeugt, die Flüssigkeitspulse also mit einer Frequenz von 25 bis 500 Hz auf das Werkstück gespritzt. Die Frequenz der Flüssigkeitspulse richtet sich nach der Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit, also der Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich die Düse relativ zum Werkstück bewegt und nach der Dicke und den Materialeigenschaften des Werkstücks.In a further advantageous embodiment, between 25 and 500 liquid pulses per second are generated, ie the liquid pulses are sprayed onto the workpiece at a frequency of 25 to 500 Hz. The frequency of the liquid pulses depends on the processing speed, ie the speed with which the nozzle moves relative to the workpiece and on the thickness and the material properties of the workpiece.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Abstand der Düsenöffnung zur Werkstückoberfläche während der Bearbeitung 0,5 bis 2 mm, vorzugsweise 1 bis 2 mm. Durch diesen Abstand wird eine effiziente Bearbeitung des Werkstücks sichergestellt, ohne dass das zurückspritzende Wasser zu einer Beschädigung der Düse führen könnte.In a further advantageous embodiment, the distance of the nozzle opening to the workpiece surface during processing 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 1 to 2 mm. This distance ensures efficient machining of the workpiece without the back splash of water leading to damage to the nozzle.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird die Düse relativ zum Werkstück mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 10 bis 1200 mm/min bewegt, wobei die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit von der Dicke des Werkstücks und den Materialeigenschaften des Werkstücks abhängt.In a further advantageous embodiment, the nozzle is moved relative to the workpiece at a speed of 10 to 1200 mm / min, wherein the feed rate depends on the thickness of the workpiece and the material properties of the workpiece.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die Düse einen Düsenkörper mit einer Längsbohrung auf, wobei die Längsbohrung einen Druckraum bildet, in den die verdichtete Flüssigkeit zugeführt wird. Die Unterbrechereinheit wird durch eine innerhalb des Druckraums längsbeweglich angeordnete Düsennadel gebildet, die durch ihre Längsbewegung die Austrittsöffnung öffnet und schließt. Durch diese beispielsweise aus der Kraftstoffhochdruckeinspritzung bekannte Düse lassen sich präzise Flüssigkeitspulse in der gewünschten Dauer und mit der gewünschten Frequenz erzeugen.In a further advantageous embodiment, the nozzle has a nozzle body with a longitudinal bore, wherein the longitudinal bore forms a pressure chamber into which the compressed liquid is supplied. The interrupter unit is formed by a longitudinally movable within the pressure chamber nozzle needle, which opens and closes the outlet opening by their longitudinal movement. By means of this nozzle, which is known, for example, from high-pressure fuel injection, it is possible to produce precise liquid pulses in the desired duration and at the desired frequency.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind der Beschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Ansprüchen entnehmbar.Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the description, the drawings and the claims can be removed.

Zeichnungdrawing

In der Zeichnung ist zur Illustration des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren Folgendes dargestellt:

  • In Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Flüssigkeitsstrahl-Schneidverfahrens, in
  • Figur 2 eine ebenfalls schematische Darstellung der Düse zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden und die
  • Figuren 3a, 3b und 3c zeigen verschiedene zeitliche Verläufe des Flüssigkeitsstrahls, ebenfalls in einer schematischen Darstellung.
In the drawing, to illustrate the method according to the invention, the following is shown:
  • In FIG. 1 a schematic representation of an apparatus for performing the liquid jet cutting method according to the invention, in
  • FIG. 2 a likewise schematic representation of the nozzle for liquid jet cutting and the
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c show different temporal courses of the liquid jet, also in a schematic representation.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

In Figur 1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneidverfahrens dargestellt. In einem Tank 1 wird die Flüssigkeit vorgehalten, die zum Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden Verwendung findet, beispielsweise gereinigtes Wasser, jedoch auch andere Flüssigkeiten denkbar. Die Flüssigkeit wird aus dem Flüssigkeitstank 1 über eine Leitung 2 einer Verdichtereinheit 3 zugeführt, beispielsweise einer Hochdruckpumpe, wo die Flüssigkeit verdichtet wird und über eine Hochdruckleitung 4 in einen Hochdrucksammelraum 5 eingespeist wird, wo die verdichtete Flüssigkeit vorgehalten wird. Der Hochdrucksammelraum 5 dient dazu, Druckschwankungen auszugleichen, um so das Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden mit einem konstant hohen Druck durchführen zu können, ohne dass die Verdichtereinheit 3 in kurzen Zeitabständen nachgeregelt werden muss. Vom Hochdrucksammelraum 5 führt eine Druckleitung 7 zu einer Düse 10, wobei die Düse 10 eine Unterbrechereinheit 8, hier in Form eines 2/2-Wegeventils, und eine Austrittsöffnung 11 aufweist in Form eines verengten Durchgangs für die Flüssigkeit, sodass aus der Austrittsöffnung 11 ein Flüssigkeitsstrahl 14 austritt, der scharf gebündelt ist und während des Betriebs auf ein Werkstück 15 trifft, das in einer Bearbeitungsdistanz d zur Düse 10 angeordnet ist.In FIG. 1 a device for carrying out the liquid jet cutting process according to the invention is shown. In a tank 1, the liquid is kept, which is used for liquid jet cutting use, for example, purified water, but also other liquids conceivable. The liquid is supplied from the liquid tank 1 via a line 2 to a compressor unit 3, for example a high-pressure pump, where the liquid is compressed and fed via a high-pressure line 4 into a high-pressure collecting space 5, where the compressed liquid is kept. The high-pressure accumulator 5 is used to compensate for pressure fluctuations, so as to perform the liquid jet cutting at a constant high pressure, without the compressor unit 3 must be readjusted at short intervals. From the high-pressure collecting chamber 5, a pressure line 7 leads to a nozzle 10, the nozzle 10 having an interrupter unit 8, here in the form of a 2/2-way valve, and an outlet opening 11 in the form of a restricted passage for the liquid, so that from the outlet opening 11 a Fluid jet 14 emerges, which is sharply focused and during operation encounters a workpiece 15, which is arranged in a processing distance d to the nozzle 10.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird folgendermaßen durchgeführt: In der Düse 10 liegt über die Druckleitung 7 hochverdichtete Flüssigkeit an, wobei die Unterbrechereinheit 8 zu Beginn geschlossen ist. Zur Erzeugung eines gepulsten Flüssigkeitsstrahls 14 wird die Unterbrechereinheit 8 nun in regelmäßigen Abständen geschlossen und geöffnet, sodass durch die Austrittsöffnung 11 ein gepulster Flüssigkeitsstrahl 14 austritt, der auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks 15 trifft. Beim Auftreffen der Flüssigkeit auf dem Werkstück 15 werden die betroffenen Bereiche zertrümmert und die Bruchstücke über die abfließende Flüssigkeit weggespült. Dadurch wird das Werkstück zerteilt, wobei die Schnittlinie durch eine Bewegung des Werkstücks 15 in einer Bearbeitungsrichtung erzeugt wird, wobei auch vorgesehen sein kann, dass nicht das Werkstück 15, sondern die Düse 10 durch eine geeignete Vorrichtung relativ zum Werkstück 15 bewegt wird.The inventive method is carried out as follows: In the nozzle 10 is located on the pressure line 7 high-density liquid, the interrupter unit 8 is closed at the beginning. In order to generate a pulsed liquid jet 14, the interrupter unit 8 is now closed and opened at regular intervals so that a pulsed liquid jet 14 which hits the surface of the workpiece 15 emerges through the outlet opening 11. Upon impact of the liquid on the workpiece 15, the affected areas are shattered and washed away the fragments on the effluent liquid. Thereby, the workpiece is cut, wherein the cutting line is generated by a movement of the workpiece 15 in a machining direction, wherein it can also be provided that not the workpiece 15, but the nozzle 10 is moved by a suitable device relative to the workpiece 15.

Figur 2 zeigt dazu eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Düse 10 mit dem zugehörigen Werkstück 15. Die hier gezeigte Düse 10 weist einen Düsenkörper 12 auf, in dem eine Bohrung 13 ausgebildet ist, in dem eine Düsennadel 18 längsverschiebbar angeordnet ist. Zwischen der Wand der Bohrung 13 und der Düsennadel 18 ist ein Druckraum 17 ausgebildet, in den die hochverdichtete Flüssigkeit über die Druckleitung 7 zugeführt wird. Die Düsennadel 18 wirkt mit einem Düsensitz 20 zusammen, sodass bei Anlage der Düsennadel 18 auf dem Düsensitz 20 der Druckraum 17 von der Einspritzöffnung 11 getrennt ist, die als Bohrung im Düsenkörper 10 ausgebildet ist. Hebt die Düsennadel 18 vom Düsensitz 20 ab, so fließt Flüssigkeit aus dem Druckraum 17 durch die Austrittsöffnung 11 und bildet einen Flüssigkeitsstrahl 14, der auf das Werkstück 15 trifft. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a nozzle 10 according to the invention with the associated workpiece 15. The nozzle 10 shown here has a nozzle body 12, in which a bore 13 is formed, in which a nozzle needle 18 is arranged longitudinally displaceable. Between the wall of the bore 13 and the nozzle needle 18, a pressure chamber 17 is formed, in which the highly compressed liquid is supplied via the pressure line 7. The nozzle needle 18 cooperates with a nozzle seat 20, so that upon contact of the nozzle needle 18 on the nozzle seat 20, the pressure chamber 17 is separated from the injection port 11, which is formed as a bore in the nozzle body 10. If the nozzle needle 18 lifts off from the nozzle seat 20, liquid flows out of the pressure chamber 17 through the outlet opening 11 and forms a liquid jet 14 which strikes the workpiece 15.

Zum Zerschneiden des Werkstücks wird die Düsennadel 18 periodisch auf und ab bewegt und gibt so den Flüssigkeitsstrahl 14 frei oder unterbricht die Flüssigkeitszufuhr zwischen zwei Einspritzungen. Das Werkstück 15 wird in Bearbeitungsrichtung 22 bewegt, wobei es unerheblich ist, ob das Werkstück oder die Düse bewegt wird oder auch beide gleichzeitig.For cutting the workpiece, the nozzle needle 18 is periodically moved up and down, thus releasing the liquid jet 14 or interrupts the liquid supply between two injections. The workpiece 15 is moved in the machining direction 22, it is irrelevant whether the workpiece or the nozzle is moved or both simultaneously.

In Figur 3a ist der zeitliche Verlauf des Flüssigkeitsstrahls schematisch dargestellt, wobei auf der Ordinate die ausgetretene Flüssigkeitsmenge pro Zeiteinheit Q abgetragen ist und auf der Abszisse die Zeit t. Durch das Öffnen und Schließen der Unterbrechereinheit 8 wird aus der Düse 10 periodisch ein Flüssigkeitsstrahl 14 ausgestoßen, wobei die einzelnen Pulse einer Zeit tp aufweisen und einen zeitlichen Abstand zueinander von ta. Die Pulse können, wie hier dargestellt, periodisch aufeinander folgen und alle gleich ausgebildet sein oder es können auch verschiedene Pulse erzeugt werden, wie dies in Figur 3b dargestellt ist, die unterschiedliche Zeitdauern tp1 und tp3 aufweisen und auch unterschiedliche Zeitabstände zueinander aufweisen. Durch die unterschiedliche Formung der Einspritzpulse lässt sich beispielsweise auf eine geänderte Vorschubgeschwindigkeit reagieren, d. h. dass bei verminderter Vorschubgeschwindigkeit weniger Pulse pro Zeiteinheit erzeugt werden als bei großer Vorschubgeschwindigkeit. Ebenso kann die Frequenz der Einspritzpulse erhöht werden, wenn die Dicke des Werkstücks zunimmt oder wenn sich die Festigkeit des Werkstücks über die Bearbeitungslänge ändert.In FIG. 3a the time course of the liquid jet is shown schematically, wherein on the ordinate the leaked amount of liquid per unit time Q is removed and on the abscissa the time t. By opening and closing the interrupter unit 8, a liquid jet 14 is periodically ejected from the nozzle 10, the individual pulses having a time tp and a time interval from each other from t a . The pulses may, as shown here, follow each other periodically and all be of the same design, or different pulses can also be generated, as shown in FIG FIG. 3b is shown having different durations t p1 and t p3 and also have different time intervals to each other. Due to the different shaping of the injection pulses, it is possible, for example, to respond to a changed feed rate, ie that fewer pulses per unit of time are produced at a reduced feed rate than at a high feed rate. Also, the frequency of the injection pulses may be increased as the thickness of the workpiece increases or as the strength of the workpiece changes over the processing length.

Die Dauer der Flüssigkeitspulse tp beträgt weniger als 1000 µs, vorzugsweise 50 bis 500 µs, um je nach Werkstoff eine optimale Schnittkante zu erreichen. Besonders gut eignet sich das gepulste Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden zum Zerteilen von Glasfaser- oder Kohlefaserplatten (CFK) oder von Metallblechen, beispielsweise Aluminium. Gerade bei der Bearbeitung von CFK-Werkstoffen bietet das gepulste Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden einen deutlichen Vorteil gegenüber dem Dauerstrahl-Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden mit deutlich glatteren Schnittkante, d. h. das Ausfransen der Kohlefasern am Rand der Schnittkante wird weitgehend verhindert. Gleichzeitig kann der Energieeinsatz beim Zerteilen einer CFK-Platte bis zu einem Faktor 20 gesenkt werden. Darüber hinaus kommt das gepulste Wasserstrahlschneiden mit einem geringeren Druck aus. Die Flüssigkeit wird innerhalb der Düse 12 mit einem Druck von typischerweise 2500 bar vorgehalten, wobei auch eine Drucksteigerung auf 3000 bar möglich ist. Gegenüber den sonst bekannten Dauerstrich-Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneidverfahren, die üblicherweise bei bis zu 6000 bar arbeiten, ist dies deutlich reduziert und mit entsprechend geringerem Energieaufwand verbunden.The duration of the liquid pulses t p is less than 1000 μs, preferably 50 to 500 μs, in order to achieve an optimum cutting edge, depending on the material. Pulsed liquid jet cutting is particularly well suited for cutting glass fiber or carbon fiber plates (CFRP) or metal sheets, for example aluminum. Especially in the machining of CFRP materials pulsed liquid jet cutting offers a clear advantage over the continuous jet liquid jet cutting with a much smoother cutting edge, ie the fraying of the carbon fibers at the edge of the cutting edge is largely prevented. At the same time, the energy input when cutting a CFRP board can be reduced by up to a factor of 20. In addition, the pulsed water jet cutting comes with a lower pressure. The liquid is held within the nozzle 12 at a pressure of typically 2500 bar, whereby a pressure increase to 3000 bar is possible. Compared to the otherwise known continuous wave liquid jet cutting method, which usually operate at up to 6000 bar, this is significantly reduced and associated with correspondingly lower energy consumption.

Neben dem periodischen An- und Abschalten des Flüssigkeitsstrahls ist es auch möglich, die Flüssigkeitspulse in einzelnen Bursts zu gliedern, wie dies in Figur 3c dargestellt ist. Jeweils zwei Pulse folgen hier mit einem kurzen zeitlichen Abstand 1a1 aufeinander, während bis zum nächsten Einspritzpuls eine längere Zeitdauer ta2 vergeht. Es können auch mehr als zwei Pulse in einem Burst zusammengefasst werden, sodass einzelne Gruppen von Einspritzpulsen entstehen. Dies insbesondere bei der Bearbeitung von relativ dicken Werkstoffen von Vorteil ist.In addition to the periodic switching on and off of the liquid jet, it is also possible to divide the liquid pulses into individual bursts, as described in US Pat Figure 3c is shown. In each case two pulses follow one another with a short time interval 1a 1 , while a longer time duration t a2 elapses until the next injection pulse. It is also possible to combine more than two pulses in one burst, resulting in individual groups of injection pulses. This is particularly advantageous when machining relatively thick materials.

Die Bearbeitungsdistanz der Düse 10 zum Werkstück 15, in Figur 1 und Figur 2 mit d bezeichnet, beträgt vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 2 mm, besonders bevorzugt 1 bis 2 mm. Bei dieser Bearbeitungsdistanz d erreicht man eine optimale Wirkung, ohne dass durch zurückspritzende Flüssigkeit mit einer Beschädigung der Düse gerechnet werden müsste.The machining distance of the nozzle 10 to the workpiece 15, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 Denoted by d, is preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, more preferably 1 to 2 mm. With this machining distance d, an optimum effect is achieved without having to reckon with damage to the nozzle due to back-splashed liquid.

Das gepulste Flüssigkeitsstrahlschneiden eignet sich bei CFK-Werkstoffen insbesondere für Platten mit einer Dicke bis zu 2 mm, wobei der Durchmesser des Flüssigkeitsstrahls ca. 150 µm beträgt. Die verwendeten Drücke betragen etwa 2400 bar, wobei auch mit geringerem Flüssigkeitsdruck gearbeitet werden kann. Optimale Taktraten betragen mehr als 40 Hz bei einer Pulsdauer von 1000 µs oder weniger, wobei die Taktrate auf die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit der Bearbeitung abgestimmt werden muss, d. h. die Taktrate muss umso höher sein, je schneller die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit ist.With CFRP materials, pulsed liquid jet cutting is particularly suitable for plates with a thickness of up to 2 mm, whereby the diameter of the liquid jet is approx. 150 μm. The pressures used are about 2400 bar, although it is also possible to work with lower fluid pressure. Optimal clock rates are more than 40 Hz with a pulse duration of 1000 μs or less, whereby the clock rate must be adjusted to the feed rate of the processing, d. H. the faster the feed rate, the higher the clock rate must be.

Der Flüssigkeitsstrahl wird zur Erzielung der Flüssigkeitspulse periodisch mittels der Unterbrechereinheit unterbrochen. Im Kontext dieser Erfindung bezeichnet der Begriff "unterbrechen" jedoch nicht notwendigerweise ein völliges Verschließen der Austrittsöffnung an der Düse. Es kann auch bedeuten, dass die Unterbrechereinheit den Flüssigkeitsstrahl nur sehr stark drosselt, jedoch zwischen den Flüssigkeitspulsen noch etwas Flüssigkeit mit geringem Druck austritt. Die beschriebenen Effekte werden auch dann erreicht, vorausgesetzt, dass die Drosselung ausreichend stark ist.The liquid jet is interrupted periodically by means of the interrupter unit to achieve the liquid pulses. However, in the context of this invention, the term "interrupting" does not necessarily refer to completely closing the orifice at the nozzle. It may also mean that the interrupter unit throttles the liquid jet only very much, but still some liquid exits at low pressure between the liquid pulses. The described effects are also achieved, provided that the throttling is sufficiently strong.

Claims (8)

  1. Liquid jet cutting method having a compressor unit (3) which compresses a liquid for producing a liquid jet, and having a nozzle (10) which is connected to the compressor unit (3) and has an outlet opening (11), through which the compressed liquid exits in the form of a liquid jet (14), and having an interrupter unit (8) which can interrupt or release a flow of the compressed liquid to the outlet opening (11), having the following method steps:
    - compressing of the liquid by way of the compressor unit (3),
    - moving up of the outlet opening (11) to a workpiece (15) to be machined as far as a machining distance (d),
    - releasing and interrupting of the liquid jet (14) out of the outlet opening (11) in an alternating manner by way of the interrupter unit (8), the nozzle at the same time being moved relative to the workpiece in a machining direction (22),
    - the pulse duration (tp; tp1; tp2) of the liquid jet being less than 1000 µs, characterized in that
    - a group of liquid pulses is carried out at a short temporal interval (ta1) and a following group of liquid pulses follows at a time interval (ta2) which is greater than the temporal interval (ta1) of the liquid pulses of the individual groups.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pulse duration (tp; tp1; tp2) is from 50 to 500 µs.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquid jet (14) is opened and closed periodically by way of the interrupter unit (8) in order to produce liquid pulses.
  4. Method according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the interrupter unit (8) is arranged in the nozzle (10) .
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between 25 and 500 liquid pulses per second are produced.
  6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the machining distance (d) of the outlet opening (11) from the workpiece surface during the machining is from 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably from 1.0 to 2.0 mm.
  7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the nozzle (10) is moved during the machining relative to the workpiece surface at an advancing speed of from 10 to 1200 mm per minute.
  8. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the nozzle (10) has a nozzle body (12) with a bore (13), and the bore (13) forms a pressure space (17), into which the compressed liquid is fed, the interrupter unit (8) being formed by way of a nozzle needle (18) which is arranged longitudinally displaceably within the pressure space (17) and opens and closes the outlet opening (11) by way of its longitudinal movement.
EP15787555.0A 2014-12-09 2015-10-27 Method for cutting with a fluid jet Not-in-force EP3230025B1 (en)

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DE102014225247.4A DE102014225247A1 (en) 2014-12-09 2014-12-09 Method for liquid jet cutting
PCT/EP2015/074887 WO2016091447A1 (en) 2014-12-09 2015-10-27 Method for liquid-jet cutting

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CN107000238B (en) 2019-07-02
US10486325B2 (en) 2019-11-26
WO2016091447A1 (en) 2016-06-16
CN107000238A (en) 2017-08-01
US20180015631A1 (en) 2018-01-18

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