EP3529389B1 - Alliage cuivre-zinc - Google Patents

Alliage cuivre-zinc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3529389B1
EP3529389B1 EP19701767.6A EP19701767A EP3529389B1 EP 3529389 B1 EP3529389 B1 EP 3529389B1 EP 19701767 A EP19701767 A EP 19701767A EP 3529389 B1 EP3529389 B1 EP 3529389B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
copper
alloy
zinc alloy
approx
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EP19701767.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3529389A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Plett
Hermann Gummert
Björn Reetz
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Otto Fuchs KG
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Otto Fuchs KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
    • B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a copper-zinc alloy and a copper-zinc alloy product produced from such an alloy.
  • the invention relates to a special brass alloy.
  • Special brass alloys are used to manufacture a wide variety of products.
  • a typical application for the use of special brass alloy products are bearing parts, engine and transmission parts, such as synchronizer rings and the like, as well as fittings, especially for drinking water applications.
  • Brass alloy products are also used for electrical and cooling technology applications, for example for the manufacture of connector shoes, contact terminals or the like.
  • the good thermal conductivity of brass alloy products is used in cooling technology applications. Due to the well-known good thermal conductivity of copper, these brass alloys have a high copper content and are only correspondingly low alloyed. Special brass alloys have a significantly poorer thermal conductivity.
  • a special brass alloy, from which special brass alloy products for electrical applications are to be produced not only have to have sufficient electrical conductivity, but also to be able to manufacture the desired products, they have to be easy to machine and process, as well as sufficient strength values.
  • processability of the alloy it should be possible to produce it using standard processing steps, so that the costs of special brass alloy products produced therefrom are not made more expensive by expensive and possibly unusual process control steps.
  • this previously known special brass alloy has sufficient thermal conductivity for the cooling technology applications provided for it and sufficient electrical conductivity for a number of applications, it would be desirable if not only the electrical conductivity but also the extrudability and machinability could be improved in order to improve the manufacturability of electrical Components such as contacts, sockets or the like can be better manufactured.
  • the alloy product made from such an alloy is said to have good cold formability properties, such as good cold drawability properties in order to be able to provide the formed semi-finished product with higher strength values for the end product.
  • a lead-free brass alloy with good machinability is out US 2004/0234411 A1 known.
  • This alloy comprises 70-83% by weight of Cu, 1-5% by weight of Si and the further matrix-active elements: 0.01-2% by weight of Sn, 0.01-0.3% by weight of Fe and / or Co, 0.01-0.3% by weight Ni, 0.01-0.3% by weight Mn, remainder Zn together with unavoidable impurities.
  • the alloy can contain up to 0.1% by weight of P and the elements Ag, Al, As, Sb, Mg, Ti and Cr, each with a maximum of 0.5% by weight.
  • a copper-zinc alloy as a material for electronic components is made DE 41 20 499 C1 known.
  • This previously known alloy comprises 74-82.9% by weight of Cu, 1-2% by weight of Si, 0.1-0.4% by weight of Fe, 0.02-0.1% by weight of P, 0.1 - 1.0 wt .-% Al, rest Zn together with usual impurities.
  • Brass alloys which are said to have good electrical conductivity, are produced with a high Cn content.
  • the alloy according to DE 41 20 499 C1 is one.
  • This previously known brass alloy has a very high mechanical strength and a high spring bending limit and thus a corresponding modulus of elasticity so that resilient connector parts can be produced from this alloy.
  • the electrical conductivity is only between 6.0 - 7.0 MS / m.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a special brass alloy which is particularly suitable for producing electrically conductive components, for example contacts as parts of plug-in connectors, which are characterized by improved mechanical properties and improved electrical properties Excellent conductivity.
  • a special brass alloy which is particularly suitable for producing electrically conductive components, for example contacts as parts of plug-in connectors, which are characterized by improved mechanical properties and improved electrical properties Excellent conductivity.
  • it should have good machinability and good cold formability properties and be abrasion-resistant.
  • This copper-zinc alloy is characterized by its special alloy composition.
  • the determining factor is the Zn content of 31-37% by weight and the significant contribution of the element Sn to the composition of the alloy with 0.5-1.0% by weight.
  • the main alloy elements of this alloy are the elements Cu, Zn and Sn. Due to the relatively high Zn content and the correspondingly lower Cu content, it was surprising to find that the electrical conductivity still meets the requirements placed on a product made from this alloy and even the conductivity of previously known special brass alloys used for electrically conductive applications have been exceeded.
  • Si is involved in the alloy with 0.015-0.15% by weight. The Si in the alloy serves to form silicides as fine deposits in the structure.
  • the size of the silicides is typically less than 1 ⁇ m on average. If the silicides exceed a certain size, this has an adverse effect on the polishability, coatability and / or solderability of the surface of the surface Alloy manufactured alloy product. A higher proportion of Si cannot improve the special properties of the alloy according to the invention. Rather, this could adversely affect the desired good electrical conductivity. From the group of elements Mn, Fe, Ni and Al as silicide-forming elements, at least two elements are involved in the construction of the alloy. Together with Si, these elements form finely divided mixed silicides, which have a positive effect on the abrasion resistance of the product made from the alloy. These silicides are finely divided particles in the structure matrix.
  • the proportion of these elements in the structure of the alloy is limited to a max. 0.15% by weight per element, the sum of these elements not exceeding 0.6% by weight.
  • the elements Fe, Ni and Al are preferably involved in the structure of the alloy. Mn can be part of the alloy as a silicide former.
  • the elements Fe, Ni and Al are preferably provided as silicide formers, which typically form mixed silicides. It is provided in one exemplary embodiment that the Ni and Al fractions are approximately the same size, while the Fe fraction is only 40-60% of the Ni and Al fractions. In a preferred embodiment, the Fe content is approximately 50% of the Ni or Al content.
  • this alloy or an alloy product made from this alloy that it not only has a particularly fine grain (typically 10-100 ⁇ m), but is also very well extrudable or hot-workable, and can be work-hardened well by cold working and has good machinability and yet has a very good electrical conductivity of more than 12 MS / m (20% IACS) for special brasses of the type in question. This is also due to the relatively high proportion of Sn with simultaneously limited proportions of the silicide-forming elements.
  • What is of interest for electrical applications of a special brass alloy product made from this alloy is its particularly good galvanic coatability.
  • such products are coated with an electrically highly conductive metal layer, that is to say: a coating whose electrical conductivity clearly exceeds that of the product made from the brass alloy.
  • a metal layer is typically applied galvanically. This not only requires a certain conductivity of the special brass alloy product, but above all that a galvanic application applied to it adheres permanently and evenly over the surface. This is due in particular to the uniform, fine-grained structure that occurs with this special brass alloy. This is the case with products made from this alloy.
  • a coating of the brass alloy product can also serve to protect against wear.
  • coatings can be used to improve certain properties of the brass alloy product on the surface, such as better solderability, for example for attaching contacts, thermal insulation for thermal protection of the special brass alloy product or as an adhesion-promoting layer for a further coating.
  • the modulus of elasticity of a product made from this alloy is sufficiently high.
  • This brass alloy can therefore also be used to manufacture products with resilient properties, such as plug shoes as contacts.
  • a modulus of elasticity of more than 100 to 120 GPa this is in the size range of the moduli of elasticity, which are known from low-alloy copper-zinc two-component alloys, as is typically the case for electrical applications, which sometimes also involve the application of spring force. be used.
  • This brass alloy can be used to produce alloy products that have an electrical conductivity of more than 12 MS / m (20% IACS). This results in electrical conductivity values which are generally higher than in other special brass alloys with a Zn content of 30% by weight and more and which are sufficient for many applications. In alloy products made from this alloy, this is combined with strength values, as are otherwise only known from special brass alloys specially designed for this purpose, but which then do not have the other positive properties of this alloy or a product made from it.
  • this copper-zinc alloy should be emphasized due to the small number of elements involved in the structure of the alloy. This also means that the alloy is Cr-free.
  • the alloy is also typically Pb-free, with a Pb content of max. 0.1% by weight is permitted. It cannot always be avoided that small amounts of Pb are introduced into the alloy due to carry-over or the use of recycling material. Pb does not have a negative effect on the positive properties of this copper-zinc alloy described above within the permitted range. With a maximum permitted proportion of 0.1% by weight of Pb, this alloy is still considered to be Pb-free.
  • elements such as P, S, Be, Te and others are not used - elements that are often used in addition to Cr in other special brass alloys to achieve certain strength or processing properties.
  • the particularly good machinability of an alloy product made from this alloy can be specified with an index of 60-70 and in a special version of more than 80.
  • the preferred Zn content is between 32 and 36% by weight.
  • the invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment in comparison with three comparative alloys.
  • the alloy according to the invention was based on two samples - samples A and B - alongside three Comparative alloys manufactured and extruded.
  • the composition of the alloys examined is shown in the table below: Cu Pb Sn Fe Mn Ni Al Si Cr Zn A 65 - 0.5 0.035 - 0.07 0.07 0.06 - rest B 65.05 - 0.45 0.04 - 0.14 - 0.03 - rest 1 60.3 0.11 - 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.9 - 0.24 rest 2nd 60 0.1 0.08 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.03 0.005 0.01 rest 3 58.3 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.008 0.01 0.01 0.005 0.02 rest ( Figures in% by weight)
  • the structure of the alloy according to the invention predominantly has ⁇ phase in the matrix at room temperature. At hot forming temperatures there is a sufficient proportion of the ⁇ phase.
  • the grain structure is small at room temperature with an average grain size of 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the silicides are finely distributed as fine precipitates that form from the press heat.
  • alloy samples A and B according to the invention at room temperature in comparison to the three comparison alloys are shown in the table below for a partially solidified state, as is customary for the production of connectors: unit Alloy 1 Alloy 2 Alloy 3 Alloy samples A and B Extrudability Good Good Good Very good Cold drawability Good Very good Good Very good Machinability index 80 20th 25th ⁇ 80 Electrolytic polishing Good Very good medium Good Galvanic polishing Very good Very good Good Very good Thermal conductivity [W / (m * K)] 100-110 385 approx. 310 ⁇ 100 Electric conductivity [MS / m] 9.1 56 ⁇ 43 approx.
  • the ⁇ portion has been reduced to less than 2%.
  • the density is 8.58 g / cm 3 .
  • the electrical conductivity in the extruded state of these samples is 13.8 MS / m (23.8% IACS). These samples have a hardness of approximately 80 HB 2.5 / 62.5.
  • the electrical conductivity can be improved by carrying out a subsequent annealing step, which is preferably carried out between 380 ° C. and 500 ° C. for about 3 hours.
  • the annealing is preferably carried out at temperatures between 440 ° C. and 470 ° C. for 3 hours. With this annealing, fine precipitates are removed because they hinder the electrical conductivity. After annealing, an electrical conductivity of about 14.2 MS / m was measured on samples A and B.
  • a particular advantage of the alloy according to the invention is its particularly good cold formability.
  • Semi-finished products made therefrom can also be cold-formed several times without intermediate annealing, for example stretched or bent, in order to give the component particularly high strength values due to the work hardening that occurs.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 show diagrams from which the mechanical strength properties of the alloy according to the invention are established on the basis of sample A with increasing elongation of the sample body.
  • the elongation in relation to the starting surface or starting length of the specimen is plotted on the x-axis.
  • Figure 1 shows the development of the 0.2% proof stress of the specimen with increasing elongation, up to a total elongation of 60%.
  • the 0.2% proof stress increases with increasing elongation of the specimen.
  • the same behavior can also be found in the tensile strength.
  • the stretching carried out as cold forming leads to an increase in the tensile strength by more than 100% if the specimen has been stretched over 50%.
  • An increase in the yield point ratio can also be observed with increasing elongation of the specimen.
  • the elongation at break is of particular interest for the claimed alloy. In spite of elongation even in areas of over 50% and thus despite strong deformation, the elongation at break does not fall below a value of 10%
  • the hardness increases due to the associated cold deformation, namely up to about 180 HB 2.5 / 62.5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Alliage cuivre-zinc pour fabriquer des pièces électriques conductrices, par exemple des contacts, constitué de :
    - Cu : 62,5 à 67 % de poids,
    - Sn : 0,25 à 1,0 % de poids,
    - Si : 0,015 à 0,15 % de poids,
    - au moins deux éléments formant du siliciure, issus du groupe Mn, Fe, Ni et Al, chacun avec au maximum 0,15 % de poids,
    - Pb : maximum 0,1 % de poids,
    - le reste en Zn auxquels s'ajoutent les inévitables impuretés.
  2. Alliage cuivre-zinc selon la revendication 1, avec :
    - Cu : 64 à 66,5 % de poids,
    - Sn : 0,3 à 0,7 % de poids,
    - Si : 0,03 à 0,1 % de poids,
  3. Alliage cuivre-zinc selon la revendication 2, avec :
    - Cu : 64,5 à 66 % de poids,
    - Sn : 0,4 à 0,6 % de poids,
    - Si : 0,03 à 0,08 % de poids,
    - au moins deux éléments formant du siliciure, issus du groupe Mn, Fe, Ni et Al, chacun avec au maximum 0,1 % de poids,
    - le reste en Zn auxquels s'ajoutent les inévitables impuretés.
  4. Alliage cuivre-zinc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage contient du Zn avec 32 à 36 % de poids.
  5. Alliage cuivre-zinc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que parmi les éléments formant du siliciure, du Fe, du Ni et de l'Al sont contenus dans l'alliage, les proportions de Ni et d'Al étant à peu près identiques et la proportion de Fe représentant 40 % à 60 % de la proportion de Ni ou de la proportion d'Al.
  6. Alliage cuivre-zinc selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en Ni et AlI représente 0,04 à 0,1 % de poids et la teneur en Fe 0,02 à 0,05 % de poids.
  7. Alliage cuivre-zinc selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en Ni et la teneur en Al est de 0,06 à 0,08 % de poids et la teneur en Fe, de 0,03 à 0,04 % de poids.
  8. Produit en alliage cuivre-zinc fabriqué en alliage cuivre-zinc selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la matrice structurelle contient à température ambiante largement une prédominance de phase α.
  9. Produit en alliage cuivre-zinc selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la granulométrie moyenne de la structure est située entre 10 et 100 µm.
  10. Produit en alliage cuivre-zinc selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que sa conductibilité électrique s'élève au moins à 12 MS/m (20 % IACS)
  11. Produit en alliage cuivre-zinc selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le produit est déformé à froid à partir d'un produit semi-fini, par étirage de celui-ci, avec une réduction de section d'environ 20 %, et présente les valeurs de résistance suivantes :
    - 0,2 % de limite d'élasticité : env. 310 Nmm2,
    - résistance à la traction : env. 390 N/mm2,
    - allongement à la rupture : env. 25 %,
    - dureté : env. 120 HB 2,5/62,5.
  12. Produit en alliage cuivre-zinc selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le produit est déformé à froid à partir d'un produit semi-fini, par étirage de celui-ci, avec une réduction de section d'environ 35 %, et présente les valeurs de résistance suivantes :
    - 0,2 % de limite d'élasticité : env. 400 Nmm2,
    - résistance à la traction : env. 450 N/mm2,
    - allongement à la rupture : env. 12 %,
    - dureté : env. 143 HB 2,5/62,5.
EP19701767.6A 2018-01-09 2019-01-02 Alliage cuivre-zinc Active EP3529389B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202018100075.6U DE202018100075U1 (de) 2018-01-09 2018-01-09 Kupfer-Zink-Legierung
PCT/EP2019/050005 WO2019137832A1 (fr) 2018-01-09 2019-01-02 Alliage cuivre-zinc

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EP3529389A1 EP3529389A1 (fr) 2019-08-28
EP3529389B1 true EP3529389B1 (fr) 2020-03-04

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US (1) US20200370147A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3529389B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7374904B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20200103709A (fr)
CN (1) CN111788321A (fr)
BR (1) BR112020012537A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE202018100075U1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2780202T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019137832A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4039838A1 (fr) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-10 HME Brass Germany GmbH Alliage de laiton et procédé de fabrication d'un demi-produit à partir d'un tel alliage de laiton

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3665313B1 (fr) 2018-10-29 2020-12-09 Otto Fuchs - Kommanditgesellschaft - Alliage de laiton spécial ainsi que produit d'alliage de laiton spécial
DE102020128955A1 (de) 2020-11-03 2022-05-05 Aurubis Stolberg Gmbh & Co. Kg Messinglegierung

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4039838A1 (fr) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-10 HME Brass Germany GmbH Alliage de laiton et procédé de fabrication d'un demi-produit à partir d'un tel alliage de laiton

Also Published As

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KR20200103709A (ko) 2020-09-02
RU2020115663A3 (fr) 2022-02-17
ES2780202T3 (es) 2020-08-24
RU2020115663A (ru) 2022-02-10
CN111788321A (zh) 2020-10-16
US20200370147A1 (en) 2020-11-26
BR112020012537A2 (pt) 2020-11-24
DE202018100075U1 (de) 2019-04-10
JP7374904B2 (ja) 2023-11-07
JP2021509934A (ja) 2021-04-08
WO2019137832A1 (fr) 2019-07-18
EP3529389A1 (fr) 2019-08-28

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