EP3527387B1 - Printing device, processing system and method for printing one or more uses of a sheet-like substrate to be processed - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a printing device for printing one or more panels to be printed on a sheet-like substrate to be processed. The invention also relates to a processing system with such a printing device and a method for printing one or more panels to be printed on a sheet-like substrate to be processed.

Devices for printing on an arcuate substrate are known. In the production of security documents, in particular passports, sheets are used in the production process, from which so-called benefits are separated after printing. Each benefit forms an independent security document or a part of it. A bow can contain a variety of uses. It is possible that only individual uses of the sheet have to be individualized and / or printed in a personalized manner. In the example of the German passport, personalized data or information such as place of residence, size, eye color or the name of the order or artist are printed on (paper) page one under numbers 11 to 14. The passport book pages or visa pages of the visa sheet remain largely print-free and only individual passport book pages are provided with a personalized or individualized print. The printing devices used here have proven to be disadvantageous because they have to be very large in order to print on the sheets. In addition, it has been found to be disadvantageous that when passing the sheet of the Printing device waves arise in the sheet, which cause the sheet to rub against the printing device, whereby the sheet is soiled. The accuracy of the printing process also suffers as a result.

It has also proven to be very time-consuming to feed the complete visa sheet to a printing device for printing on a front side, to turn it over and then to print it again on its back side. Due to the transport of the complete visa sheet, a large amount of space is also required. The alignment of the large visa sheet for printing is imprecise, so that the printing result is often not optimal.

the DE 10 2015 219 742 A1 shows the possibility of dividing the visa sheet into individual copies before they are printed. The method described in this publication and the device described therein offer a very precise printing result when printing visa pages of a passport. A complex system for printing a sheet is the DE 10 2016 214 897 A1 refer to.

A printing device according to the preamble of claim 1 is DE 10 2016 223 748 A1 can be seen, which comprises a closed rail track, along which individual benefit pickers are guided in order to guide the picked up copies to an inkjet printing device.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a printing device, a processing system and a method which overcome the disadvantages mentioned above.

The object relating to the printing device is achieved by a printing device according to claim 1, which in particular comprises a plurality of panel receivers which are movably arranged on a closed rail track. The benefit recipients are each designed to pick up the benefit to be printed at a delivery location and at a gathering location to discard. In addition, the printing device according to the invention has a printing unit arranged between the delivery station and the collation station for printing the item to be printed. This makes it possible to create a very fast device with which it is possible to pick up several copies to be printed one after the other and to feed them to the printing unit. The term rail track encompasses all possible structures, in particular also structures that run not only circular, but also, for example, elliptical or along a different type of closed trajectory. The utility receivers can be adjusted, for example, by an electric drive which is advantageously arranged in the rail track or assigned to it. In addition, a unit for position detection for the benefit receiver can also be arranged in the railroad or assigned to it.

The speed of the printing process can also be further increased if the speed and / or the direction of travel of the individual blank holders can be controlled individually. This makes it possible to reduce the speed of individual benefit recipients, for example during the actual printing or when picking up or storing the copies to be printed - possibly to a standstill - and then accelerating it again while the other benefit recipients are moved without braking. It has also proven to be particularly advantageous if the direction in which the benefit receptacles are adjusted can be changed individually, that is to say that some of the benefit receptacles are moved in one direction and others in turn in the opposite direction. However, it must be ensured here that there is no collision between the benefit receivers traveling in opposite directions.

In order to achieve particularly simple handling of the items to be printed, it has also proven useful if the item pickups are designed as suction grippers. As a result, the copies to be printed can simply be picked up from the delivery station and placed again on the gathering station.

It has also proven to be particularly advantageous if a turning device and / or a second printing unit is provided. The turning device, which can be designed as a gripper, for example, makes it possible to turn the panel to be printed so that its underside can also be fed to the first printing unit or the second printing unit. The gripper is therefore designed in particular in such a way that it can grasp the panel to be printed in its edge area and turn it around or turn it around. The turning unit is preferably assigned to the railroad, in particular arranged laterally next to it. The use of the second printing unit also offers the advantage that the printing of the panel to be printed can be carried out more quickly. In addition, this also offers the possibility of continuing printing even if one of the printing units is defective or has to be serviced. In this case, the first side of the panel to be printed can then be printed first, then it is turned in the turning device and then the panel again still functioning printing unit supplied to print the second side. However, it is explicitly pointed out that the printing device also functions when only one printing unit and the turning device are provided from the outset.

It has also proven to be particularly advantageous if the first printing unit and / or the second printing unit each comprise a plurality of printing nozzles which are arranged in such a way that the printing width is greater than the width of the panels to be printed. As a result, the product to be printed can simply be moved under the printing unit without having to adjust a print head of the printing unit. This causes an additional acceleration of the printing process. The print nozzles can be combined in individual print modules that each print only one color. Typical print widths are in a range from 80 to 120 mm.

The object relating to the processing system for printing one or more panels to be printed on a sheet-shaped substrate to be processed is achieved by a system according to claim 9. In particular, it comprises a cutting device for cutting to size a sheet-shaped substrate that has a plurality of panels and is to be processed. In addition, a separating device is provided for separating or separating one or more copies to be printed from one or more copies not to be printed. It also has a printing device for printing the utility to be printed on a first utility side and has a gathering station for collating the printed utility to be printed with the one or more not to be printed utility. In addition, the printing device is arranged vertically offset with respect to the separating device.

With such a system, in which the printing device comprises a plurality of panel receivers, which can preferably receive the panels to be printed by generating negative pressure and which are preferably individually controllable, the operating speed can and is significantly increased possible to achieve an extremely compact design of the system, in particular through the at least partially vertical staggering of the components. In addition, the manufacturing process of an ID, value or security document can be shortened enormously. The manufacturing process is less prone to errors, since during the printing process, instead of a sheet-like substrate, only the individual panels to be printed are processed or processed. In the context of the invention, arranged vertically offset means that the printing device is arranged above or below the separating device. In the context of the invention, it is also provided that the delivery station is part of the separating device, or that the item to be printed is brought from the separating device to the delivery station.

It has also proven useful if the printing device comprises a first printing unit for printing the first utility side, a turning unit for turning over the utility to be printed and a second printing unit for printing a second utility side. In this way, printing on both sides can be achieved particularly easily. In addition, the printing process does not have to be interrupted if one of the two printing units should fail. In this case, the panel acceptor can feed the panel to be printed to the still functioning printing unit after it has been turned over.

A further advantageous embodiment of the system provides that the separating device is designed as a transfer device. This is designed to feed the copies to be printed to the printing device and to collect the one or more copies not to be printed into a stack of copies not to be printed. This transfer device can be formed, for example, as a suction gripper.

A further advantageous embodiment of the system has a sheet feeder which is designed to remove the sheet-like material to be processed from a magazine and to feed it to the cutting device. As a result, a large number of security documents can be produced one after the other, so that a high flow rate can be achieved for the production process.

It has also proven to be particularly favorable if the gathering station has a first station for collating the printed items to be printed and a second station for gathering the non-printed items. This makes handling easier.

• Zuführen des zu verarbeitenden bogenförmigen Substrats an eine Schneideinrichtung;
• Zuschneiden des bogenförmigen Substrats auf einzelne Nutzen;
• Vereinzeln oder Trennen des zu bedruckenden Nutzens von einem oder von mehreren nicht zu bedruckenden Nutzen;
• Zuführen des zu bedruckenden Nutzens an eine vertikal bezüglich der Schneideeinrichtung angeordnete Druckeinrichtung, die eine Mehrzahl von auf einer geschlossenen Schienenbahn angeordneten Nutzenaufnehmern umfasst;
• Bedrucken des zu bedruckenden Nutzens auf einer ersten Nutzenseite;
• Wenden des zu bedruckenden Nutzens (201);
• Bedrucken des zu bedruckenden Nutzens (201) auf einer zweiten Nutzenseite und
• Zusammentragen des bedruckten zu bedruckenden Nutzen und des einen oder der mehreren nicht zu bedruckenden Nutzens.

The object relating to the method is achieved with a method according to the set of features of claim 12. In particular, it includes the following steps:

• Feeding the sheet-shaped substrate to be processed to a cutting device;
• Cutting the sheet substrate to individual panels;
• Isolation or separation of the benefit to be printed from one or more copies not to be printed;
• Feeding the panel to be printed to a printing device which is arranged vertically with respect to the cutting device and which comprises a plurality of panel receivers arranged on a closed rail track;
• Printing the benefit to be printed on a first benefit side;
• Turning over the panel to be printed (201);
• Printing the panel to be printed (201) on a second panel side and
• Gathering the printed benefit to be printed and the one or more benefits not to be printed.

This process has the advantage that now only the use of the visa sheet that is to be individualized or personalized needs to be printed. The speed of the process can be significantly increased by the benefit acceptors. Much less space is required for the printing process. Only individual passport book pages of the ID, value or security document are to be processed; consequently, a complete sheet no longer needs to be printed and / or turned over in order to print it again. During the printing process itself, a more exact alignment can be achieved through the previous exact cut according to cut marks on the arcuate substrate to be processed.

• Wenden des zu bedruckenden Nutzens; und
• Bedrucken des zu bedruckenden Nutzens auf einer zweiten Nutzenseite.

In this context, it has proven to be advantageous if the following steps follow after printing on the first panel side of the panel to be printed:

• Turning the panel to be printed; and
• Printing of the panel to be printed on a second panel side.

Since only the individual panels to be printed have to be turned over and no longer the entire sheet, this also enables a very short process time to be achieved in the manufacturing process.

In this context, it has proven to be useful if the first utility side is printed with a first printing unit, if the utility to be printed is turned over with a turning unit, and if the second utility side is printed with a second printing unit. This also makes it possible to achieve a fast throughput time for printing a panel to be printed on the front and back. In addition, only the visa page to be printed is precisely aligned and carried out under two printers, whereby it is turned over before the second print. The use of two printing units also offers a faster process cycle.

A further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that a plurality of sheet-shaped substrates are provided in a magazine, and that a sheet feeder, in particular a gripping and / or suction device designed for separating sheet-shaped substrates, removes the sheet-shaped substrate to be processed from the magazine and feeds it to a cutting device. According to the "one-piece-flow" concept, a fast throughput time can be achieved for the entire processing process of the ID, value or security document.

In order to generate additional time savings, it has proven to be useful if the one or more copies that are not to be printed are brought together to form a stack of copies that are not to be printed. The security document can be produced particularly quickly if that Gathering of the benefit not to be printed takes place simultaneously with the printing of the benefit to be printed.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the printed copy to be printed is fed to a first location, while the stack of copies not to be printed is fed to a second location. The stack of copies not to be printed and the one or more printed copies to be printed are then brought together. This creates a "booklet" on passport book pages, which are possibly connected to one another with a seam.

Fig. 1

ein Ausweis-, Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokument,

Fig. 2

ein System zum Verarbeiten von Passbuchseiten eines Ausweis-, Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokuments; und

Fig. 3

eine Detailansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckeinrichtung.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing; show it:

Fig. 1

an ID, value or security document,

Fig. 2

a system for processing passport book pages of an ID, value or security document; and

Fig. 3

a detailed view of a printing device according to the invention.

In Figure 1 a book-shaped identification, value or security document 100 is shown. The identity document, value document or security document 100 is, for example, an identification document, in particular a passport or an identity card.

The identification, value or security document 100 has a cover 102 and a passport book block 104 held in the cover 102. The passport book block 104 consists of a data card 106, several passport book pages 108, a cover sheet 110 and a lap band 112, which are connected to one another with a seam 114.

The data card 106 is a plastic or paper-based card on which person-specific and / or document-specific information is applied. For example The data card 106 may have a passport picture 116 and personal information 118 of a user. The information 118 is preferably applied to the data card 106 in a machine-readable form. Furthermore, the data card 106 has a likewise machine-readable identification feature which the data card 106 uniquely identifies during the production process of the ID, value or security document 100. The data card 106 can furthermore have a chip in which personal and / or document-specific information can be stored. In particular, the chip has a secure memory area for storing the person-specific and / or document-specific information. Furthermore, the data card 106 can have visible and / or invisible security features that prevent the data card 106 from being forged.

A flexible tab 120 is provided on the data card 106 and is made from an endless belt. The endless belt consists of a fabric that is coated and / or sheathed with a flexible plastic material. The tab 120 is attached to the data card 106 in a form-fitting and / or material fit and is therefore part of the data card 106. Further security features can be provided on the tab 120.

The passport book pages 108 are each cut from a sheet, preferably a sheet of paper, and folded along their center line 122. The passport book pages 108 can be printed, for example with further personal and / or document-specific information, page numbers or other data or information. In the case of the German passport, these personal and / or document-specific data or information will be printed or applied under numbers 11 to 14 on the first or first passport book page 108. The passport book pages 108 can furthermore be prepared for the receipt of stamps, for example visa stamps. The passport book pages 108 also preferably contain security features which prevent the passport book pages 108 from being forged. The security features can, for example, be printed on, incorporated into passport book pages 108 or incorporated into them be. For example, the passport book pages 108 contain a perforation, the perforation preferably tapering conically through the passport booklet pages 108.

The cover sheet 110 forms the outer end of the passport book block 104. With the outside 124 of the cover sheet 110, the passport book block 104 is glued to the inside 126 of the cover 102.

The lap band 112 serves to reinforce the seam area and is glued to the outside 124 of the cover sheet 110 before the passport book block 104 is sewn.

The present invention is concerned with a system and a printing device 211 for producing the passport book pages 108 of the identification, value or security document 100 and with a corresponding method. A substrate sheet, which was initially printed on a first sheet side using a printing device, has previously served as the basis for the production of passport book pages 108. The substrate sheet was then turned over with a turning device in order to then feed it again to the printing device and to print on the second side of the sheet. Using a cutting device, the substrate sheet was cut into individual copies, which were then put together to form a booklet.

The repeated handling of the complete substrate sheet always required very large, space-filling machines and repeatedly led to difficulties in the manufacturing process, which are now eliminated by the in Figure 2 - schematically - shown system (or device) for producing or processing passport book pages 108 of an identity document, value document or security document 100.

The system comprises a magazine 205, through which sheet-shaped substrates 200 are provided. In addition to the magazine 205, there is a sheet feeder 203 which is designed to separate a sheet-shaped substrate 200 and to feed the sheet-shaped substrate 200 which has been separated and to be processed to a cutting device 204. The one provided by the magazine 205 sheet-shaped substrate 200 is preferably a sheet of paper. The sheet of paper can be removed from the magazine 205 as a function of a received parts list, in which there are also different sheets of paper, for example for different identity documents, documents of value or security documents 100. The paper sheets can already be prepared for the respective type of identity document, value document or security document 100, for example by means of an imprint or corresponding security features.

The sheet feeder 203 has suitable gripping means or a suction device in order to remove sheet-shaped substrates 200 from the magazine 205 in an operationally reliable manner and to feed them to the cutting device 204 in an operationally reliable manner.

The cutting device 204 can comprise optical detection means in order to detect cut marks applied to the sheet-shaped substrate 200 to be processed. The cutting device 204 is designed to cut the sheet-shaped substrate 200 to be processed to individual benefits 201, 202 on the basis of the cutting marks applied to the sheet-shaped substrate 200. For cutting to size, the cutting device 204 can have a plurality of roller knives provided in the area of a propulsion device of the arch-shaped substrate 200, the cutting direction of which runs parallel to a transport direction 206. The cutting device 204 can also have a single knife which can be moved transversely to the transport direction 206 and which can be arranged in front of or also after the advancing device. The use 201, 202 of the sheet-shaped substrate 200 are separated from one another by the knife and the roller knives.

The separated benefits 201, 202 can be picked up by a separating device 207, which preferably acts as a transfer device 208 at the same time. This separation device 207 separates one or more of the items 201 to be printed from one or more items 202 of the sheet-shaped substrate 200 to be processed that are not to be printed . The gathering can take place at an intermediate gathering station 210. The transfer device 208 is also designed to feed the benefit 201 to be printed to a downstream printing device 211 which, according to the invention, comprises a plurality of panel receivers 220 movably arranged on a closed rail track 230 and which is arranged vertically offset with respect to the separating device 207, namely above in the embodiment shown of the separating device 207 in order to achieve a system that is as compact as possible.

The printing device 211 is designed to print the benefit 201 to be printed at least on a first benefit side 300, in particular in an individualized or personalized manner. In an alternative embodiment, the benefit 201 to be printed can also be printed on both sides by the printing device 211. Two-sided printing is possible, for example, by turning over the panel 201 in sections or completely by a turning unit 330 or by a correspondingly designed two-sided printing device 211.

The printed benefit 201 to be printed is transferred from the printing device 211 to a gathering station 213 which has a first place 213.1 for collating the printed benefit 201 to be printed and a second place 213.2 for the unprinted copies. In addition, a further transfer unit 212 can be provided in order to remove the stack 209 of copies that are not to be printed from the intermediate gathering station 210 and to feed them to the gathering station 213. The further transfer unit 212 can comprise a detection means which can detect the individual passport book pages 108. In this case, the further transfer unit 212 is designed to sort the passport book pages 108 on the basis of a predeterminable pattern (for example on the basis of printed page numbers). Individualized or personalized passport book pages 108 can thus be arranged, for example, at a desired position in the compiled booklet. The transfer unit 212 and / or the transfer device 208 is therefore preferably designed to implement a predefined sorting sequence of the passport book pages 108.

In Figure 3 an embodiment of a printing device 211 according to the invention is shown. In order to be able to achieve the shortest possible throughput time for the production process of the visa pages of a value, identity document or security document 100, the printing device 211 arranged above the separating device 207 has a first printing unit 320, a turning unit 330 and a second printing unit 340. The utility 201 to be printed is printed on a first utility side 300 with the first printing unit 320. With the turning unit 330, the benefit 201 to be printed is turned over. The second printing device 340 is used to print the benefit 202 to be printed on its second benefit side 301.

The printing device 211 has a closed rail track 230 on which a plurality of panel receivers 220 are movably arranged, which pick up the panels 202 to be printed by generating negative pressure from a delivery station 225 and at the first printing unit 320, the turning unit 330 and the second Guide printing unit 340 past. It is possible here for the print heads of the printing units 320, 340 to be arranged statically with respect to the rail track 230 and for the panel 201 to be printed to be advanced during the printing process by adjusting the panel receiver 220. Here, the benefit receivers 220 can be individually controlled so that it is possible to adapt their speed and direction of travel individually. The benefit 201 to be printed is picked up by one of the benefit pickups 220 and initially fed to the first printing unit 320, which has a plurality of printing modules 321, 322, 323, 324. Each of the printing modules 321, 322, 323, 324 can print the benefit 201 to be printed, for example, with an independent color; The most common example is the use of the colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK color space). However, it is also possible that some of the print modules 321, 322, 323, 324 can print in multiple colors and further print modules 321, 322, 323, 324 are then provided for finishing (e.g. for painting) the printed item 201 to be printed. The individual print modules 321, 322, 323, 324 each include a plurality of, preferably individually controllable, print nozzles with which a print area can be implemented that is wider than the width of the benefits 201 to be printed a position detection unit integrated in the rail track 230 or assigned to it for detecting the position of the benefit receiver 220 may be provided. Preferably, a trigger system is additionally provided, which can send trigger signals to the printing units 320, 340 in relation to the position of the substrate to be printed, by means of which exact printing results can be achieved even with inconsistent travel under the print head. Drying devices can also be provided through which the printed useful side can be dried.

The turning unit 330 is designed to turn the benefit 201 to be printed and comprises a gripper 338 which grips the benefit 201 to be printed in its edge region and turns it over.

After turning, the panel pick-up 220 transports the turned panel 201 to be printed on to the second printing unit 340, which likewise has a plurality of printing modules 341, 342, 343. The printing modules 341, 342, 343 of the second printing unit 340 can now print the use 201 to be printed on its second use side 302. As with the first printing unit 320, the printing modules 341, 342, 343 of the second printing unit 340 can again apply individual colors to the second user side (CMYK or also RGB color space). It is also possible to apply several colors using a single printing module 341, 342, 343, with special colors also being able to be used.

After the printing of the second side 301 of the use, the use 201 to be printed, which is now printed on both sides, is guided by the use pick-up 220 over the gathering station 213 and deposited. Here, for example, it is brought together with the stack 209 of copies 201 that are not to be printed.

List of reference symbols

100

ID, value or security document

102

cover

104

Passport book block

106

Data card

108

Passport book page

110

Cover sheet

112

Fälzelband

114

seam

116

Passport photo

118

personal information / personal data

120

Tab

122

Center line

124

Outside

126

inside

200

arcuate substrate

201

benefit to be printed

202

benefit not to be printed

203

Sheet feeder

204

Cutting device

205

magazine

206

Transport direction

207

Separating device

208

Transfer device

209

stack

210

Intermediate gathering station

211

Printing facility

212

Transfer unit

213

Gathering place

213.1

first place

213.2

second place

220

Benefit taker

225

Andienplatz

230

Railroad

320

first printing unit

321

Print module

322

Print module

323

Print module

324

Print module

330

Turning unit

338

Grapple

340

second printing unit

341

Print module

342

Print module

343

Print module

Claims (13)

1. Printing device (211) for printing one or more N-ups to be printed (201) of a sheet-like substrate (200) to be processed, having a plurality of N-up pickups (220) which are arranged such that they can move on a closed rail track (230) and which are each designed to pick up the N-up to be printed at a contact station (225) and deposit it at a collating station (213), and having a printing unit (320) arranged between the contact station (225) and the collating station (213) for printing the N-up to be printed (201), wherein a turning unit (330) is provided for turning the N-up to be printed (201).
2. Printing device according to claim 1, wherein the speed and/or the transport direction (206) of the single N-up pickups (220) are individually controllable.
3. Printing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the N-up pickups (220) are designed as vacuum grippers.
4. Printing device according to claim 1, wherein the turning unit (330) is assigned to the rail track (230) and is arranged next to the rail track (230).
5. Printing device according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the turning unit (330) is designed as a gripper.
6. Printing device according to claim 5, wherein the gripper is designed to grip the N-up to be printed (201) in its edge region and to turn it over.
7. Printing device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a second printing unit (340) is provided for printing the N-up to be printed (201) on a second N-up surface.
8. Printing device according to claim 7, wherein the first printing unit (320) and/or the second printing unit (340) each comprises a plurality of printing nozzles arranged such that the printing width is greater than the width of the N-up to be printed (201).
9. Processing system for printing one or more N-ups to be printed (201) on a sheet-like substrate (200) to be processed,

   with a cutting device (204) for cutting to size one or more N-ups (201, 202) of a sheet-like substrate (200) to be processed,

   with a separating device (207) for separating or isolating one or more N-ups to be printed (201) from one or more non-printed N-ups (202),

   with a printing device (211) according to one of claims 1 to 8 for printing the N-ups to be printed (201) on a first N-up surface (300), and

   with at least one collating station (213) for collating the printed N-up to be printed (201) with the one or more non-printed N-ups (202), the printing device (211) being arranged vertically offset with respect to the separating device (207).
10. Processing system according to claim 9, wherein the separating device (207) is formed as a transfer device (208), wherein the transfer device (208) is configured to feed the N-up to be printed (201) to the printing device (211), and wherein the transfer device (208) is configured to gather the one or more non-printed N-ups (202) into a stack (209) of non-printed N-ups (202).
11. Processing system according to one of claims 9 or 10, wherein a sheet feeder (203) is provided, which is designed to remove the sheet-like substrate (200) to be processed singly from a magazine (205) and to feed it to the cutting device (204).
12. A method of printing one or more N-ups to be printed (201) of a sheet-like substrate (200) to be processed, this comprising the following steps:

    - feeding the sheet-like substrate (200) to be processed to a cutting device (204);

    - cutting the sheet-like substrate (200) to single N-ups (201, 202);

    - separating or isolating the N-up to be printed (201) from one or more non-printed N-ups (202);

    - feeding the N-up to be printed (201) to a cutting device (204) arranged vertically relative to the printing device (211) arranged vertically with respect to the cutting device (204), according to any one of claims 1 to 8;

    - printing the N-up to be printed (201) on a first N-up surface;

    - turning the N-up to be printed (201);

    - printing the N-up to be printed (201) on a second N-up surface; and

    - collating the printed N-up to be printed (201) and the one or more non-printed N-ups (202).
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein the first N-up surface is printed by means of a first printing unit (320) of a printing device (211), and wherein the second N-up surface is printed by means of a second printing unit (340) of the printing device (211).

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