EP3597429B1 - Method for producing a printed product with more than four printed sides - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a printed product with more than four printed pages.

In web-fed rotary printing machines, the paper webs to be printed are pulled off a paper roll and, after printing, divided into partial web strands in one or more printing units, guided one above the other and fed to a folder, in which the partial web strands along the leading and trailing edges of the printed web sections are converted into individual signatures using a cross-cutting device be cut up. The signatures are then folded in the folder either directly (not collected, i.e. each signature for itself) or by circulations on the collecting cylinder (collected, i.e. several signatures are collected into a package) in the transverse direction along an imaginary folding line that is not in the middle to the leading and trailing edges, but offset to the center in order to produce an overfold, which is usually 6 to 12 mm wide. The overfold is used to be able to open the signatures temporarily stored after folding, for example in a memory, a log stacker or even a roll, in a collating device by means of a gripper device, in order to place them in the open state on the busbar or collecting drum of a saddle stitcher, via which a desired Number of signatures printed with different print images are guided one above the other in the area of their fold spine and then connected to a printed product with the desired number of pages by gluing, stapling or sewing. The stapled or sewn or glued print product in the area of the fold spine is then trimmed at the edges in order to bring it into the desired shape of the print shop end product.

The trimming separates the overfolds that are absolutely necessary for opening the temporarily stored individual signatures in the gathering devices, which results in a considerable amount of paper waste in large rotary printing systems, which, depending on the format of the printed products and the width of the overfold, between 2 and 4% of the total used Amount of paper can be.

Such web-fed rotary printing machines are from Helmut Kipphan, Handbook of Print Media, ISBN 3-540-66941-8, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York as DE 10 2014 205938 A1 known. The latter describes a web-fed rotary printing machine that has a transverse gluing device, by means of which a transverse glue line is applied between two printing sections that are guided one above the other in order to provide a printed product that can be separated along a predetermined breaking line without otherwise damaging it.

Furthermore, from the EP 2 465 699 A2 a stack of three or more printed products having a folded edge is known, in which the printed product arranged in the middle is releasably connected to the other neighboring printed products via adhesive areas. The last two documents mentioned do not give any advice on reducing the paper waste generated in the manufacture of the printed products.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a printed product with more than four printed pages, by means of which the amount of paper waste generated during production can be reduced.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Further features of the invention are contained in the subclaims.

• Bedrucken von wenigstens zwei Teilbahnsträngen einer Bedruckstoffbahn in einer Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine in jeweils aufeinanderfolgenden Bahnabschnitten vorgegebener Länge, die jeweils einen vorlaufenden Rand und einen nachlaufenden Rand aufweisen, zwischen denen eine sich quer zur Bahnlaufrichtung erstreckende gedachte Falzlinie verläuft, die um 1 bis 2 mm versetzt zur Mitte oder mittig zwischen dem vorlaufenden und nachlaufenden Rand verläuft,
• Aufbringen von Leim in wenigstens einem Klebeabschnitt, welcher im Bereich des vorlaufenden und/oder nachlaufenden Randes auf einer der einander zugewandten Seiten der wenigstens zwei Teilbahnstränge angeordnet ist,
• Übereinanderführen der Bedruckstoffbahnen und Verkleben der beiden Bedruckstoffbahnen im Bereich der vorlaufenden und/oder nachlaufenden Ränder,
• Zuführen der miteinander verklebten übereinander geführten Teilbahnstränge zu einem Falzapparat und Zerschneiden der Teilbahnstränge entlang der vorlaufenden und nachlaufenden Ränder in Signaturen sowie Falzen der Signaturen entlang der gedachten Falzlinie,
• Auslegen der Signaturen und Anordnen derselben übereinander in einem Produktspeicher, insbesondere einem Stangenstapel oder einem Wickel,
• Einbringen der gespeicherten Signaturen in einen Anleger einer Zusammentrageinrichtung derart, dass die Falzrücken vorzugsweise in Aufwärtsrichtung weisen und die über die Klebeabschnitte miteinander verklebten vorlaufenden Ränder oder nachlaufenden Ränder in der Transportrichtung des Anlegers betrachtet vorlaufend positioniert sind,
• Erfassen der in Transportrichtung im Anleger vorlaufenden Frontseite der Signaturen und Öffnen der Signaturen mittels einer Erfassungs- und Öffnungseinrichtung sowie
• Zuführen der geöffneten Signaturen zu einem Förderelement der Zusammentrageinrichtung.

According to the invention, a method for producing a printed product with more than four pages comprises the following method steps:

• Printing of at least two partial web strands of a web of printing material in a web-fed rotary printing machine in successive web sections of a predetermined length, each having a leading edge and a trailing edge, between which an imaginary fold line extends transversely to the web running direction and is offset by 1 to 2 mm to the center or runs centrally between the leading and trailing edge,
• Application of glue in at least one adhesive section, which is arranged in the area of the leading and / or trailing edge on one of the mutually facing sides of the at least two partial web strands,
• Passing the printing material webs over one another and gluing the two printing material webs in the area of the leading and / or trailing edges,
• Feeding the glued together superimposed partial web strands to a folder and cutting the partial web strands along the leading and trailing edges into signatures and folding the signatures along the imaginary fold line,
• Laying out the signatures and arranging them one above the other in a product store, in particular a stack of sticks or a roll,
• Introducing the stored signatures into a feeder of a gathering device in such a way that the fold spines preferably point in the upward direction and the leading edges or trailing edges that are glued to one another via the adhesive sections are positioned leading when viewed in the transport direction of the feeder,
• Detecting the front side of the signatures leading in the feed direction in the feeder and opening the signatures by means of a detection and opening device as well
• Feeding the opened signatures to a conveying element of the gathering device.

The invention has the advantage that by gluing the web strands running one on top of the other to the leading or trailing edges in a transverse gluing unit, the transverse fold in the folder can be made centrally between the edges of the signatures to be folded, so that no overfold occurs Trimming of the same printed product in the conventional way to an additional paper waste caused solely by the width of the overfold of 2 to 4% of the amount of paper used. This results in a smaller rotary printing machine with a conventional paper throughput of z. B. 25,000 t annually a saved amount of approx. 500 t to 1,000 t paper per year and with a large rotary printing press with a paper throughput of 40,000 t per year a saved amount of paper of 800 t to 1,600 t per year, which is disposed of unused as waste have to.

Although the transverse fold according to the invention can also be introduced offset by 1 to 2 mm to the center between the leading and trailing edges of the signatures in order to save paper, the imaginary fold line at which the transverse fold is made runs in the preferred embodiment of Invention exactly in the middle between the leading and trailing edge of the signatures, so that the leading and trailing edge have the same distance from the imaginary folding line after the at least two strands of the printing material have been cross-folded. This minimizes waste and maximizes the amount of paper saved.

Although the method according to the invention can in principle also be used on a conventional web-fed rotary offset printing machine with which, as is known, only fixed formats can be processed due to the fixed diameter of the printing plate and blanket cylinders, this is preferably used in a web-fed rotogravure printing machine in which the printed images are dependent of the respective selected diameters of the gravure cylinders are printed on the substrate web in a variable format and folded in the transverse direction by a variable-format folding device that is customary in rotary rotogravure printing presses. Due to the format variability of rotary rotogravure printing machines, in conjunction with the overfold that is omitted according to the invention, the width of the unprinted leading and trailing edge between two successive printed web sections can be reduced to a minimum, which leads to a corresponding minimization of the amount of paper required.

The conveying element of the gathering device, on which the transversely folded signatures and glued on one side in the edge area are positioned after opening by the suction device, is preferably along the busbar of a known saddle stitcher which the signatures are stored by the feeder in the order desired in the final print product. It is also possible to store the signatures opened according to the invention via the detection and opening device on the conveyor drum of a known drum processing device, such as are used, for example, in further processing systems from the manufacturer FERAG.

According to a further idea on which the invention is based, the signatures are captured and opened by a contact element of the capture and opening device which is pivotably received on a holding arm and which applies an attractive force to the front sides of the signatures connected to one another via the adhesive sections. The holding arm, at the end of which the contact element is received, is preferably pivoted by a motor via a gear, but can also be actuated pneumatically via an air cylinder and a corresponding control.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the contact element is a suction device, which is advantageously moved purely mechanically by the holding arm and temporarily subjected to negative pressure via appropriately controlled valves to suck in the glued leading front sides.

Alternatively, according to a further idea on which the invention is based, a preferably flat, flat adhesive pad can be used as the contact element, to which a known, reversibly adhesive adhesive, such as is used, for example, in the known yellow adhesive labels, can be used. For this purpose, the adhesive pad is moved in the same or similar manner as the suction cup by the holding arm against the front of the signatures until they adhere to the adhesive pad due to the attractive adhesive forces. Subsequently, the sides of the signatures connected via the adhesive sections are moved with the holding arm over the conveying element of the collating device for opening the signatures during the backward movement of the holding arm.

The use of such a contact element has the advantage over the mechanical gripping devices that are otherwise used to open the overfold that this and the motor-driven holding arm are mechanically simpler can. Another advantage of the invention is that the contact element received on a holding arm only has to contact and tighten the front sides of the signatures to be opened selectively at one point on the leading front side of the signatures that is not provided with glue in order to open and open them the busbar, because the sticking together of the individual pages of the signatures via the adhesive sections means that all pages are moved together with the detected front side with the contact element even if the sides of the signatures are only glued at certain points to reduce the amount of glue used and, for example, in the lateral ones No glue is applied to the edge areas.

Furthermore, to avoid disturbances in the paper flow when opening and transferring the signatures to the busbars of the gathering device, it can be advantageous if the signatures are temporarily fixed in the vertical position by a holding finger during the gripping and opening by the detection and opening device in the area of their fold spine become. Such a further holding finger can also be used as a stop for stripping off the signature fronts captured by the contact element in order to detach the signatures positioned on the conveying element from the contact element in a purely mechanical manner.

Although the glue can preferably be applied over the entire surface along a linear strip in the area of the leading edge or the trailing edge on the partial web strands, which is smaller than the so-called bleed allowance of the signatures in order to ensure a reliable connection of the two or to ensure the pages of the signatures generated by more partial web strands, the glue application to reduce the amount of glue required can alternatively also take place only in sections or even only selectively. For signatures with small format sizes, for example, it is sometimes sufficient to apply only three strip-shaped sections with a length of 10 mm each in the center and / or at the two outer corners of the leading or trailing edges of a signature. In the case of very small formats, it can sometimes be sufficient to apply the glue only selectively in one or more circular sections to the edge areas, which can have a diameter of 1 to 2 mm, for example, and which are completely outside of the print image are arranged. With regard to reliable, trouble-free opening of the folded signatures in the collating device, it is a particular advantage if, in the case of more than two partial web strands, the adhesive sections in which the glue is applied to each web strand are arranged directly on top of one another after the partial web strands have been routed and connected are.

The glue is preferably applied via a glue application device which is designed in the manner of a flexographic printing unit with a rotating cliché roller, in which the glue is supplied via a chambered doctor blade and an intermediate roller. In the case of only two partial web strands guided one above the other, the glue application device preferably makes contact with the partial web section lying below on its upper side. In the case of three partial web strands, which are superimposed and which, for example, are provided with a cross fold in the folder to produce a 12-page printed product, only the upper sides of the lower and middle partial web strands are wetted with glue by the cliché roller, whereas the upper side of the top partial web strand remains unwetted. This has the advantage that the deflecting rollers and guide rollers, over which the partial web strands are guided in order to create sufficient installation space for the glue application devices, are not subjected to glue.

Alternatively, there is the possibility of applying the glue to the partial web strands via a spray device, in which case, as before, the upper side of the uppermost partial web strand and the underside of the bottom partial web strand are not wetted with glue, in order to glue the opposing inner strands Exclude signature pages after cross-folding. In order to apply the glue in the longitudinal direction of the webs with high precision only in a narrow section of the leading or trailing edge, even with fast moving printing substrate webs or web strands, the spray device or its glue outlet nozzles can be moved along with the running partial web strand of the printing substrate web . For example, the glue application nozzles can be accommodated in a driven roller which is rotated at such a speed that the peripheral speed of the outlet openings of the glue outlet nozzles corresponds to the web speed of the partial web strands.

According to a further idea on which the invention is based, at least two of the signatures in the folder can be collected in a known manner on a collecting cylinder of the folder prior to folding along the imaginary fold line. For this purpose, a continuous or also partially interrupted glue track is applied to one or both longitudinal edges of the at least two signatures collected on the collecting cylinder before the introduction of the transverse fold in the area of one of their lateral longitudinal edges via a longitudinal glue application device, around the two or more collected on the collecting cylinder To connect signatures to one another in addition in one or more further adhesive sections which are arranged in the area of the longitudinal edges of the signatures.

The invention is described below with reference to the drawings using a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines einer nicht näher gezeigten Rollenrotations-Druckmaschine nachgeordneten formatvariablen Falzapparats, dem drei bedruckte Teilbahnstränge zugeführt werden, von denen die oberen beiden Teilbahnstränge zum Verkleben derselben an ihren Unterseiten mit Leim beaufschlagt werden,

Fig. 2

eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines dem Falzapparat von Fig. 1 nachgeordneten Band-Transportsystems, mittels welchem die im Falzapparat quergefalzten Signaturen in einem Stapel übereinander gestapelt werden,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung eines in Fig. 2 erzeugten Stapels von Signaturen, die auf einer Palette als Einheit zu einer Weiterverarbeitungseinrichtung transportiert werden, und

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung eines Anlegers einer Zusammentrageinrichtung, in der die in der Vorrichtung der Fig. 2 erzeugten Stapel auf einem umlaufenden Transportband abgelegt und die vorlaufenden miteinander verklebten Frontseiten der Signaturen nach dem Öffnen der Umhüllung durch eine Saugeinrichtung geöffnet und auf der Sammelschiene der Zusammentrageinrichtung abgelegt werden.

In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a format-variable folder downstream of a web-fed rotary printing machine, which is not shown in detail and to which three printed partial web strands are fed, of which the upper two partial web strands are applied with glue to glue them on their undersides,

Fig. 2

an enlarged view of one of the folder of Fig. 1 downstream belt transport system, by means of which the cross-folded signatures in the folder are stacked in a stack,

Fig. 3

a schematic representation of an in Fig. 2 generated stacks of signatures, which are transported on a pallet as a unit to a further processing device, and

Fig. 4

a schematic representation of a feeder of a collating device in which the in the device of Fig. 2 generated batch on a placed on the circulating conveyor belt and the leading, glued together front sides of the signatures are opened by a suction device after the envelope has been opened and placed on the busbar of the collating device.

As in the Figures 1 to 4 is shown, in the method according to the invention for producing a printed product 2 with more than four pages in an in Fig. 1 Web-fed rotary printing machine, not shown, prints at least one web of printing material, which is then divided into a plurality of partial web strands 4a, 4b, 4c by a longitudinal cutting device, which are guided one above the other in a known manner in a superstructure, also not shown, via turning bars. In the Fig. 1 The three partial web strands 4a, 4b, 4c shown by way of example are continuously printed with print images (not shown) in successive web sections of predetermined length, each having a leading edge 6.1 and a trailing edge 6.2. The leading edge 6.1 and the trailing edge 6.2 are in Fig. 1 only indicated by lines.

Like depicting the Fig. 1 can also be removed, the three partial web strands 4a-4c are guided over two deflecting rollers 10 each before entering the folder 8, so that between the superimposed, in Fig. 1 horizontally extending web sections of the partial web strands 4a and 4b as well as 4b and 4c a free space remains in which a glue application device 12 can be arranged in each case.

At the in Fig. 1 As shown in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the glue application devices 12 each comprise a cliché roller 14 to which the glue is supplied via a chamber doctor blade 16 and an intermediate roller, not shown in detail. The cliché roller 14 rotates at a speed corresponding to the speed of the partial web strands 4a-4c and applies glue suitable for gluing paper webs to the upper side of the lower and middle partial web strands 4c and 4b, respectively. At the in Fig. 1 embodiment of the invention shown, the glue is applied via the cliché rollers 14 exclusively on the upper side of the middle and lower partial web strand 4b, 4c in the area of the leading edges 6.1 of the successive ones printed web sections, the adhesive sections 18 transferred from the cliché of the cliché rollers 14 having a width of, for. B. 1 - 2 mm, which are as small as possible than the bleed allowance and are arranged exclusively in the leading edge area 6.1.

After the glue has been applied via the glue application devices 12, the three partial web strands 4a - 4c are fed to a pair of rollers 20 on the inlet side of the folding device 8, in which the three partial web strands 4a - 4c are connected to one another in the adhesive sections 18 in the area of the leading edges 6.1 before they are connected to one another in a downstream cross-cutting device 22 of the folding apparatus 8 in the area of the leading and trailing edges 6.1, 6.2 are divided into signatures 2a, which are then transferred via the in Fig. 1 merely schematically indicated folding jaw and folding knife cylinders are folded in a known manner in the transverse direction. The cross-folding of the signatures 2a in the folder 8 takes place according to the invention along the imaginary fold line 24, which is located exactly in the middle between the leading edge 6.1 and the trailing edge 6.2 of each of the three partial web strands 4a, 4b, 4c. After the transverse fold has been introduced, the signatures 2a are fed to a paddle wheel 26, via which they are deposited in a known manner on a belt transport system 28.

About the in Fig. 2 Also shown tape transport system 28, the centrally folded signatures 2a, in which the sides of the signatures 2a connected to one another by the adhesive sections 18 are on the underside, are fed to a known stacking device 30 in which the signatures 2a with their folded spine 32 ahead for intermediate storage in a Product storage in the form of a stack of bars 34 are stored. After a certain stack height has been reached, the signatures 2a are removed from the stack 34 and preferably in a standing orientation, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown, positioned on a pallet 36 indicated by way of example, on which the signatures 2a can be transported to a known further processing device or temporarily stored in an intermediate storage facility. Alternatively, the signatures can also be stored on a roll not shown in the figures. The signature stacks 34 standing on the pallets 36, which, as in FIG Figures 3 and 4 indicated, are preferably held together by plastic films or plastic straps 38, are in the Then transported to a known gathering device 40 and inserted there in its feeder 42, as shown in FIG Fig. 4 is indicated by way of example.

Like depicting the Fig. 4 can also be removed, the signatures 2a in the feeder 42 of the gathering device 40 are conveyed in a transport direction shown by the arrow 44 in a standing orientation, ie with the fold spine 32 upwards, in the direction of a conveying element 46 of the gathering device 40, which in the case of the in Fig. 4 The embodiment of the invention shown is a known saddle-shaped busbar of a saddle stitcher, on which the signatures 2a are arranged one above the other together with other signatures 2b that differ from the signatures 2a, in order to place them in the area of the fold spine 32 z. B. to connect to a finished printed product 2 via stitching wires or an adhesive binding or in any other known manner.

In order to open the signatures 2a and to arrange them over the signatures 2b previously positioned on the conveying element 46 of the gathering device 40, they are gripped on their front side leading in the transport direction 46, preferably at the level of the adhesive section (s) 18, by a detection and opening device 48 which has a contact element in the form of a suction cup 48a, which is received on a holding arm 50 via actuators (not shown in detail) so that it can pivot back and forth in the direction of the double arrow 52. Here, the detection and opening device 48 moves the leading edge 6.1 of the signatures 2a glued over the adhesive section (s) 18 over the back of the saddle-shaped conveying element 46 of the gathering device 40, ie the busbar, on which a signature 2b has previously been in the same way a different page design and different print images compared to the signature 2a was arranged.

After possibly further correspondingly produced signatures for further pages of the printed product 2 have been arranged above the signatures 2a and 2b, these are connected to one another in a known manner, not shown, in the area of their fold backs 32 and the finished printed product 2 produced in this way is also not shown in detail Cutting device supplied, in which the leading and trailing edges 6.1 and 6.2 including the adhesive sections 18 are separated and the printed product 2 is brought into the desired final shape.

List of reference signs

2

Printed product

2a

signature

2 B

different signature

4a

top part of the railway line

4b

middle section of the track

4c

lowest part of the railway line

6.1

leading edge

6.2

trailing edge

8th

Folder

10

Guide rollers

12th

Glue application device

14th

Cliché roller

16

Glue reservoir

18th

Glue section

20th

inlet-side roller pair of the folder

22nd

Cross cutting device

24

imaginary fold line

26th

Paddle wheel

28

Tape transport system

30th

Stacking device

32

Rebate spine

34

stack

36

palette

38

Plastic tape / plastic film

40

Collator

42

Gathering facility feeder

44

Transport direction in the feeder

46

Conveyor element of the gathering device

48

Detection and opening device

48a

Contact element

50

Holding arm

52

Double arrow

Claims (10)

1. Method for producing a printed product (2) which has more than four sides, comprising the following method steps:

   - printing at least two sub-web strands (4a, 4b, 4c) of a printing-substrate web in a web-fed printing press in respectively successive web portions of predetermined length, each having a leading edge (6.1) and a trailing edge (6.2), between which runs an imaginary folding line (24) extending transversely to the web-running direction, wherein the imaginary folding line (24) is offset by 1 to 2 mm in relation to the centre or runs centrally between the leading and trailing edges (6.1, 6.2),

   - applying glue to at least one adhesive-bonding portion (18), arranged in the region of the leading and/or trailing edge (6.1, 6.2), on one of the mutually facing sides of the at least two sub-web strands (4a, 4b, 4c),

   - guiding the two sub-web strands (4a, 4b, 4c) one above the other, and adhesively bonding the same, in the region of the leading and/or trailing edges (6.1, 6.2),

   - feeding the adhesively bonded sub-web strands (4a, 4b, 4c), which have been guided one above the other, to a folder (8) and cutting the sub-web strands (4a, 4b, 4c) along the leading and trailing edges (6.1, 6.2) to form signatures (2a), and also folding the signatures (2a) along the imaginary folding line (24),

   - delivering the signatures (2a) and arranging the same one above the other in a product store (34),

   - introducing the stored signatures (2a) into a feeder (42) of a collating device (40) such that the adhesively bonded leading edges (6.1) or trailing edge (6.2) are positioned at the front, as seen in the transporting direction (44) of the feeder (42),

   - gripping the front sides of the signatures (2a), said front sides being at the front in the transporting direction of the feeder (42) and having the adhesive-bonding portion (18), and opening the signatures (2a) by means of a gripping and opening device (48), and

   - feeding the opened signatures (2a) to a conveying element (46) of the collating device (40).
2. Method according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the web-fed printing press is a web-fed gravure printing press, and/or in that the folder (8) is a variable-format folder.
3. Method according to either of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the conveying element (46) of the collating device (40) is a collecting rail of a saddle stitcher or a conveying drum of a drum-processing device, on which the opened signatures (2a) are set down.
4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
   the signatures (2a) are gripped and opened by a contact element (48a) of the gripping and opening device (48), said contact element being accommodated in a pivotable manner on a retaining arm (50) and subjecting the front sides of the signatures (2a) to an attractive force.
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
   the contact element (48a) is a sucker (48a) or an adhesive pad, which can have reversible adhering adhesive applied to it, or an electrode, which can have electrostatic charge applied to it and is accommodated at the free end of the retaining arm (50).
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
   the product store (34) is a stack-form store or a roll, in which the signatures (2a) are stored on an interim basis.
7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
   the glue is applied in spots or in lines along the leading edge (6.1) or trailing edge (6.2) between the sub-web strands (4a, 4b, 4c).
8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
   the glue is applied via a revolving cliché cylinder (14), which establishes contact with the underside of the first sub-web strand (4a) and/or the second sub-web strand (4b).
9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that
   the glue is applied via a spray device, past which the sub-web strands (4a, 4b, 4c) are guided.
10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that,
    prior to the folding operation along the imaginary folding line (24), at least two of the signatures (2a) in the folder (8) are collected on a collecting cylinder of the folder (8), and in that, prior to the transverse fold being introduced, the at least two signatures (2a) collected on the collecting cylinder are connected to one another in the region of one of their lateral longitudinal edges via a further, longitudinally extending adhesive-bonding portion.

Images