EP3523817B1 - Commutateur au co2 pour un réseau à courant continu haute tension - Google Patents

Commutateur au co2 pour un réseau à courant continu haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3523817B1
EP3523817B1 EP17787514.3A EP17787514A EP3523817B1 EP 3523817 B1 EP3523817 B1 EP 3523817B1 EP 17787514 A EP17787514 A EP 17787514A EP 3523817 B1 EP3523817 B1 EP 3523817B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
sealed enclosure
switch according
gaseous fluid
carbon dioxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17787514.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3523817A1 (fr
Inventor
Christophe Creusot
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SuperGrid Institute SAS
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SuperGrid Institute SAS
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Publication of EP3523817A1 publication Critical patent/EP3523817A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/22—Selection of fluids for arc-extinguishing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
    • H01H2033/566—Avoiding the use of SF6

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of high voltage direct current (HVDC, acronym for High Voltage Direct Current) or medium voltage direct current (MVDC, acronym for in English, Medium Voltage Direct Current) transmission networks.
  • HVDC high voltage direct current
  • MVDC medium voltage direct current
  • the invention relates more particularly to HVDC or MVDC gas switches interrupting a direct current in a line of a high or medium voltage direct current transmission network.
  • the object of the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the technical field of high or medium voltage direct current networks in order to be able to direct the power from one path to another of the network in the event for example of failure on a pole or extended maintenance operations on a network pole.
  • switches comprising a branch with a direct current circuit breaker comprising active switching members enclosed in a sealed enclosure containing a gaseous fluid.
  • the state of the art has proposed numerous technical solutions for producing a direct current gas circuit breaker.
  • a known circuit breaker has been described, in " Journal of Power-Energy Division Conference 1994 of Institute of Electrical Engeeners ”, No. 621, pp. 824-825 .
  • the DC gas circuit breaker is placed in a branch of a line of the DC network.
  • a branch with an energy absorption element to absorb any overvoltage and on the other hand, a resonant circuit having a given capacity and a given inductance.
  • the direct current circuit breaker is of the blowing type and comprises active switching members enclosed in a sealed enclosure containing a gaseous fluid.
  • the circuit breaker has a fixed contact to allow the flow of direct current and a movable contact in a blow cylinder with a dielectric nozzle attached to it.
  • an electric arc is generated between the contacts when a piston rod integrated with the movable contact is moved relative to the blow piston attached to the fixed contact.
  • an arc extinguishing gas, typically SF6 contained within the enclosure is compressed to be sprayed onto the arc.
  • the resonant circuit which comprises an inductor and a capacitor is thus coupled in parallel with the circuit breaker to superimpose an oscillating current on the direct current, to provide a zero crossing to the circuit breaker. This allows the SF6 gas compressed by the blowing piston to be blown and sprayed against the arc forcing it to be extinguished.
  • switches Given that direct current networks require higher and higher voltages, the associated switches must increase the switching performance in current value up to 6,000 A. This switching performance in current value must also intervene. for a wide operating temperature range of the switches. Typically, such switches must maintain their switching performance in current value while the operating temperature can reach -50 ° C.
  • the patent EP 0 740 320 proposes to optimize the values of the impedance and the capacitance of the resonant circuit as a function of the interruption value of the direct current.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks stated above by proposing a switch for a high or medium voltage direct current network, implementing a mechanical circuit breaker associated with an oscillating current injection circuit, such a switch being simple and space-saving while presenting high switching performance in direct current value for a wide operating temperature range of the switches.
  • the switch for a high or medium voltage direct current network comprises a branch with a direct current circuit breaker comprising active switching members enclosed in at least one sealed enclosure containing a gaseous fluid, this branch being inserted in the line of the network and in parallel of which are mounted on the one hand, a branch with an energy absorption element, and on the other hand, a resonant circuit having a given capacity and a given inductance.
  • the sealed enclosure of the direct current circuit breaker contains a gaseous fluid comprising at least 70% by volume of carbon dioxide at a filling pressure of between 0.65 MPa and 1.1 MPa measured at a temperature of 20 ° C and for a capacitance value C in ⁇ F, the inductance L in ⁇ H is less than 2700 ⁇ C -0.84 .
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a high or medium voltage direct current network comprising at least one switch in accordance with the invention.
  • the Fig. 1 illustrates by way of example a high or medium voltage direct current 1 transmission network (HVDC or MVDC) implementing at least one, and in general, several HVDC or MVDC gas switches 2i according to the invention, interrupting a direct current in a network line.
  • HVDC or MVDC high or medium voltage direct current 1 transmission network
  • a direct current transmission network 1 comprises at least on one side, AC / DC converters 3 and, on the other hand, DC / AC converters 4 .
  • Current converters 3, 4 are not described in detail because they do not specifically form part of the invention and are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the switches according to the invention are designated by the reference 2i with i varying from a, b, ... to n.
  • These switches 2i in accordance with the invention are mounted between the converters 3, 4 and points of the network 1 to make it possible to direct the power from one point of the network to another.
  • These switches 2i make it possible, for example, to maintain a reduced power flow in the event of failure on a pole or prolonged maintenance operations on a pole of the network.
  • a network 1 comprises suitable switches 2a, 2b in accordance with the invention and short-circuit switches 10 to transfer the power from the earth conductor Ct to the overhead metallic conductor Ca. It should be noted that the switches short-circuit 10 only have a function for short-circuiting an unavailable pole of the converter unlike the switches 2i according to the invention which have a switching capacity on opening.
  • the switch 2a arranged on the earth conductor Ct which is initially closed, opens and switches the current from the earth conductor Ct to the overhead metallic conductor Ca through the switches 2b in accordance with the invention and the switches of short-circuit 10, placed in series between the earth conductor Ct and the overhead metallic conductor Ca and which will have been closed beforehand.
  • a switch 2i is placed on a line of the network 1 traversed by a direct current IDC, for example between the points A-A ' as illustrated.
  • Each switch 2i comprises between, the points A-A ', a branch with a circuit breaker 5 of direct current of all types known per se consisting of one or more sealed enclosures arranged in series, exhibiting an arc current Iarc and an arc voltage Uarc .
  • direct current circuit breaker 5 By direct current circuit breaker 5, there is understood a mechanical device comprising active switching devices enclosed in a sealed enclosure containing a gaseous fluid and a system for blowing the arc by the gaseous fluid.
  • the gaseous fluid is chosen for its insulating nature, in particular so as to have a dielectric strength greater than that of dry air at equivalent pressure, for its current breaking capacity. and its ability to deliver high arc voltage.
  • a DC circuit breaker 5 is for example described by Fig. 5 .
  • the direct current circuit breaker 5 comprises in a sealed enclosure 5a, a pair of arcing contacts 5b and 5c and a pair of so-called “permanent” contacts 5d and 5e which ensure the passage of current when the circuit breaker is in operation. closed position.
  • the arcing contacts 5b and 5c as well as the permanent contacts separate during the opening maneuver.
  • the electric arc is established between them and is confined inside the blowing nozzle 5f.
  • the arc continues until a zero crossing of the current occurs in which case the gas blown by the blast nozzle 5f allows the plasma to be replaced by a cooler gas.
  • This blowing action at the zero crossing of the current makes it possible to extinguish the arc and allows the gaseous medium between the arcing contacts 5b and 5c to withstand the transient restoration voltage imposed by the network without restarting and reestablishing the current.
  • a non-preloaded resonant circuit 6 In parallel with this branch A-A ' is mounted on the one hand, a non-preloaded resonant circuit 6 and, on the other hand, a branch with an energy absorption element 7.
  • the non-preloaded resonant circuit 6 presents in series , a given capacitance C, a resistance R and a given inductance L.
  • This resonant circuit 6 interacts with the arc voltage Uarc to produce an exponentially increasing oscillating current. This oscillating current comes superimpose on direct current IDC to provide a zero crossing of the current during which the gaseous fluid is blown to extinguish the arc.
  • the branch with the energy absorption element 7 comprises a device against surges of all types known per se, such as a surge arrester.
  • This energy absorption element 7 is installed to make it possible to fix the maximum overvoltage at the terminals of the capacitor C and of the circuit breaker 5 and to absorb the energy of the network after the cut by the circuit breaker 5.
  • the switching performance of this type of switch as illustrated by Fig. 4 results from the intimate interaction between the electric arc developed between the arcing contacts 5b and 5c of a switch 2i and the resonant circuit LC which is connected to it in parallel.
  • the characteristics of the electric arc depend essentially on the environment in which it is immersed.
  • the DC direct current switching performance limit of this switch is strongly influenced by the gaseous medium in which the electric arc is bathed.
  • the LC resonant circuit parallel to a switch 2i must be modified.
  • the fluid commonly used for this application in the prior art is sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • the sealed enclosure 5a of the direct current circuit breaker 5 contains a gaseous fluid comprising at least 70% by volume of carbon dioxide and having a filling pressure of between 0.65 MPa and 1.1 MPa measured. at a temperature of 20 ° C.
  • this enclosure contains at least 70% by volume of CO2 by volume.
  • the gaseous fluid contains exclusively CO 2 or a mixture of CO 2 with other components, the choice of the composition of the gas mixture depending in particular on the operating temperatures of the switches.
  • the pressure is measured at a temperature of 20 ° C when filling the sealed enclosure 5a with gaseous fluid .
  • the Fig. 6 advantageously illustrates the performance differences between the use as a gaseous medium in the sealed enclosure of the circuit breaker, of a conventional SF6 medium and of a gaseous medium in accordance with the invention comprising CO2.
  • the Fig. 6 thus provides comparative test records between an SF6 medium and a medium in accordance with the invention containing CO2.
  • This Fig. 6 illustrates the impact of the change of gaseous medium in the same geometry of switch 2i on the switching performance in direct current DC and highlights the advantage of using a medium consisting mainly of CO2.
  • Test readings indicate that a variation of the LC resonant circuit over a C / L range from ⁇ 0.0 5 to ⁇ 1.1 ⁇ F / ⁇ H provided virtually no gain in switching performance in the SF6 medium, this being set with reference to 1 pu.
  • the use of the gaseous medium in accordance with the invention containing CO2 systematically shows a performance gain compared to the SF6 medium. This performance is further improved by modifying the LC resonant circuit while this is not the case with the SF6 medium.
  • the sealed enclosure 5a of the direct current circuit breaker 5 contains a gaseous fluid consisting exclusively of carbon dioxide at a filling pressure of between 0.65 and 1.1 MPa, measured at a temperature of 20 ° C.
  • the gaseous fluid may consist exclusively of carbon dioxide at a filling pressure of 1.1 MPa at 20 ° C.
  • the gaseous fluid may consist exclusively of carbon dioxide at a filling pressure of 0.8 MPa at 20 ° C.
  • the sealed enclosure 5a of the direct current circuit breaker 5 contains a gaseous fluid consisting of a mixture of carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • the sealed enclosure 5a of the direct current circuit breaker 5 thus contains between 20% and 30% by volume of sulfur hexafluoride and in addition, carbon dioxide.
  • This exemplary embodiment allows operating conditions of the switch at a temperature of up to -50 ° C.
  • the sealed enclosure 5a of the direct current circuit breaker 5 contains a gaseous fluid consisting of a mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon tetrafluoride (CF4).
  • the sealed enclosure of the direct current circuit breaker 5 contains between 20% and 30% by volume of carbon tetrafluoride and in addition, carbon dioxide. This exemplary embodiment allows operating conditions of the switch at a temperature of up to -50 ° C.
  • the sealed enclosure 5a of the direct current circuit breaker 5 contains a gaseous fluid consisting of a mixture of carbon dioxide and fluoronitrile (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -propanenitrile).
  • the sealed enclosure of the direct current circuit breaker contains between 4% and 10% by volume of fluoronitrile and in addition, carbon dioxide.
  • the sealed enclosure 5a of the direct current circuit breaker contains a gaseous fluid consisting of a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
  • the sealed enclosure of the direct current circuit breaker contains between 5% and 15% by volume of dioxygen and in addition, carbon dioxide.
  • the sealed enclosure 5a of the direct current circuit breaker contains a gaseous fluid consisting of a ternary mixture of carbon dioxide, oxygen and fluoroketone (C n FK).
  • the sealed enclosure of the direct current circuit breaker contains between 5% and 15% by volume of dioxygen and between 4% and 10% by volume of fluoroketone and in addition, a ternary mixture of carbon dioxide.
  • Another characteristic of the object of the invention is to determine the optimum values of capacitance C and inductance L for the resonant circuit 6 of the direct current circuit breaker 5 as a function of the value of the switching current and of the performance of the circuit breaker.
  • circuit breaker 5 according to the invention containing at least 70% by volume of CO2.
  • the Fig. 4 illustrates the evolution of the capacitance C required for the resonant circuit 6 as a function of the value of the direct current to be switched.
  • the current to be switched I increases, it is necessary to increase the value of the capacitance C of the capacitor in order to be able to generate the current instability.
  • this instability can only be maintained and produce the exponentially increasing oscillating current if the inductance of the resonant circuit 6 (including the parasitic inductance of the loop) is less than a limit value.
  • the inductance L in ⁇ H of the resonant circuit 6 remains less than 2700 ⁇ C -0.84 .
  • the inductance L ⁇ H is between 400 ⁇ C -0.84 and 2700 ⁇ C -0.84 .
  • the inductance L of the resonant circuit 6 interacting with the electric arc of the circuit breaker 5 in accordance with the invention must be between 23 ⁇ H and 155 ⁇ H.
  • the resonant circuit LC of the switch produces an oscillating current if the electric arc is in its domain of instability.
  • the border between the domain of stability of the electric arc and its domain of instability results from the interaction between the magnitudes of the resonant LC circuit on the one hand and the intrinsic characteristics of the electric arc on the other hand.
  • the intrinsic characteristics of the electric arc depend on the gaseous medium in which the electric arc develops, the characteristics relating to the resonant circuit interact with those relating to the gaseous medium.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the interrupting performance is achieved due to the fact that the DC circuit breaker comprises a resonant circuit sized as described above, making it possible to take full advantage of the performance of the DC circuit breaker. Since the capacitance of the resonant circuit can be mastered, the cost of such a switch is reduced, the current switching performance is also increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
EP17787514.3A 2016-10-10 2017-10-10 Commutateur au co2 pour un réseau à courant continu haute tension Active EP3523817B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1659762A FR3057388B1 (fr) 2016-10-10 2016-10-10 Commutateur au co2 pour un reseau a courant continu haute tension
PCT/FR2017/052772 WO2018069627A1 (fr) 2016-10-10 2017-10-10 Commutateur au co2 pour un reseau a courant continu haute tension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3523817A1 EP3523817A1 (fr) 2019-08-14
EP3523817B1 true EP3523817B1 (fr) 2020-07-22

Family

ID=58314332

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17787514.3A Active EP3523817B1 (fr) 2016-10-10 2017-10-10 Commutateur au co2 pour un réseau à courant continu haute tension

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3523817B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP7377105B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR20190065285A (ja)
CN (1) CN109891544B (ja)
FR (1) FR3057388B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2018069627A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109768528A (zh) * 2019-01-24 2019-05-17 浙江大学 一种基于串联电容器的机械开关式直流断路器及其故障处理策略
CN109935479A (zh) * 2019-04-23 2019-06-25 西安交通大学 基于真空磁吹转移的直流断路器及其开断方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3523817A1 (fr) 2019-08-14
CN109891544B (zh) 2022-03-15
FR3057388A1 (fr) 2018-04-13
KR20190065285A (ko) 2019-06-11
WO2018069627A1 (fr) 2018-04-19
FR3057388B1 (fr) 2019-05-24
JP2019534535A (ja) 2019-11-28
CN109891544A (zh) 2019-06-14
JP7377105B2 (ja) 2023-11-09

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