EP3521514A1 - Paroi contreventé préfabriqué permanent - Google Patents

Paroi contreventé préfabriqué permanent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3521514A1
EP3521514A1 EP19154762.9A EP19154762A EP3521514A1 EP 3521514 A1 EP3521514 A1 EP 3521514A1 EP 19154762 A EP19154762 A EP 19154762A EP 3521514 A1 EP3521514 A1 EP 3521514A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vertical
lagging
horizontal
brace
groove
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19154762.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3521514B1 (fr
Inventor
Miroslav Florek
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Ppzs SRO
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Ppzs SRO
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Publication of EP3521514A1 publication Critical patent/EP3521514A1/fr
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Publication of EP3521514B1 publication Critical patent/EP3521514B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/02—Foundation pits
    • E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
    • E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to the building industry, namely, the permanent prefabricated braced wall.
  • Braced walls are used especially as a substitute for the existing retaining and breast walls, as support structures of the road infrastructure, as head wall supports, as tunnel faces as well as a permanent foundation pit bracing that is also used for making the structure of the underground building envelope or for water management structures.
  • Braced sheeting is very frequently used for its easy and quick installation and low costs.
  • lagging boards are made of wood, reinforced concrete or metal while the braces are formed by steel sections or reinforced concrete. Braces are vertically driven in or embedded in boreholes where they are fixed using a lean concrete.
  • the wooden lagging boards are tightened using the wooden flat keys or the space between the reverse side of lagging boards and the excavation wall is filled up with an activating backfill.
  • the excavation wall is stabilized using a concrete layer sprayed between the reverse side of the braced wall and the excavation wall.
  • Prefabricated diaphragm walls for greater heights are also known.
  • prefabricated boards of a height equal to that of the future braced wall are inserted in deep trenches next to each other to form a braced wall. Vertical joints between individual prefabricated boards are waterproof.
  • the patent specification US 3342033 deals with sealing of the panel with the brace from above by placing a water permeable bag in this vertical joint, which will be filled with a liquid cement mixture after the wall is installed. Water will be allowed to pass out of the bag while the cement will gradually solidify. As a result, the joint will become not only sealed but also permanent.
  • the drawback of this solution is a laborious cement application into the bag and the high consumption of the sealing material.
  • vertical sealing of the joint between the panel and the column is done using the fixed seal installed in the column groove prior to the wall installation and by inserting the panel, which proves to be not only impractical and dangerous but, in some hard-to-reach spots under the terrain, often infeasible.
  • the invention is aimed to remedy deficiencies of the so-far known braced walls and to seal them against water, noise and dust.
  • the permanent braced wall according to the invention consists of a number of vertical braces which are, in some applications, fastened using anchors on the wall's reverse side to the terrain, while in other applications they may only be driven into the soil or set in concrete in the soil.
  • Braces and lagging panels are prefabricated units made of cast concrete.
  • Lagging panels are of a rectangular shape the height of which is greater than one fifth of its width. They are positioned in recesses of braces with a side clearance and allowed to shift in the vertical direction.
  • Vertical brace-to-lagging panel joints are equipped with a vertical watertight seal while horizontal joints of lagging panels have horizontal watertight seals. The seals in corners of lagging panels contact.
  • Lagging panels may be slid into recesses in braces from above.
  • the watertight seal which may be included in individual components or may be applied during the construction process will completely seal the braced wall against the ingress of water.
  • a sealing cavity of the vertical joint formed for the vertical watertight seal In the vertical joint of the brace and the lagging panel, there is a sealing cavity of the vertical joint formed for the vertical watertight seal.
  • This cavity is enclosed by at least two vertical joint bearing surfaces by which the brace and the lagging panel rest upon each other and which make an angle in the range between 0 and 45 degrees with the wall plane, and by at least two delimiting surfaces of the vertical joint, which are formed by the end surfaces of the brace and the lagging panel and which make an angle greater than 45 degrees with the wall plane.
  • the side clearance in the area of the sealing cavity of the vertical joint is greater than the side clearance in other portions of bedding of the lagging panel in the recess of the brace.
  • the sealing cavity makes it possible to apply the vertical watertight seal from above after all lagging panels are installed.
  • the higher side clearance in the sealing cavity area ensures that the sealing cavity of the vertical joint will always be automatically formed between the brace and the lagging panel when the panel is slid into the brace recess whether or not the lagging panel is pushed tight to the brace.
  • the sealing cavity of the horizontal joint is formed for the horizontal watertight seal in the horizontal joint of lagging panels.
  • This cavity is enclosed by at least two horizontal joint bearing surfaces by which the lagging panels rest upon each other and which form an angle in the range between 0 and 45 degrees with the plane of the lagging panel, and by at least two delimiting surfaces of the horizontal joint, which are formed by the end surfaces of lagging panels and which make an angle greater than 45 degrees with the plane of lagging panels.
  • the vertical clearance in the area of the sealing cavity of the horizontal joint is greater than the vertical clearance in other portions of the horizontal joint of lagging panels.
  • Bearing surfaces between the brace and the lagging panel are oriented in one direction, either in the wall plane or at an angle less than 45 degrees against the wall, so as not to increase friction when lagging panels are being inserted. Bearing surfaces are pushed to each other by the activating backfill pressure and, as a result, the sealing cavity is always closed.
  • Another advantageous design comprises a vertical joint between the brace and the lagging panel, which is created in such a way that each recess in the brace is formed by a vertical groove and the follow-up vertical half-groove of the brace, and each vertical side of the lagging panel has a vertical tongue which fits in the vertical groove of the brace and the follow-up vertical half-groove of the lagging panel which fits in the vertical half-groove of the brace.
  • Bearing surfaces of the vertical joint are in parallel with the wall plane and are formed by side surfaces of the vertical groove, the vertical tongue and vertical half-grooves.
  • Delimiting surfaces of the vertical joint are formed by the front surfaces of vertical half-grooves; the front surfaces are perpendicular to the wall plane.
  • Another advantageous design is with a horizontal joint of lagging panels that is formed by a horizontal groove and a horizontal tongue. Bearing surfaces of the horizontal joint are formed by side surfaces of the horizontal groove and the horizontal tongue and delimiting surfaces of the horizontal joint are formed by front surfaces of the horizontal groove and the horizontal tongue.
  • the horizontal groove and the horizontal tongue are of an apt trapezoidal cross-section and the horizontal tongue height is lower than the horizontal groove depth. As a result, the horizontal joint of lagging panels is self-locking.
  • Benefits of the solution based on the invention lie especially in the fact that, unlike steel braces and wooden lagging elements, concrete braces and lagging panels have a much longer service life. They can be installed gradually in the process of digging a foundation pit without high demands on the working area and heavy machinery. Thanks to the concrete structure and area-covering waterproofing, they may be aptly used as a face of the underground building as well.
  • the brace is, basically, of a quadrangular cross-section and the recesses in the brace are made on both of its vertical sides in an opposite manner while vertical half-grooves of the brace protrude on the face of the brace.
  • the benefit of this arrangement is that the face of the permanent prefabricated braced wall may, basically, remain without any other finishing treatment.
  • the next advantageous design version is based on the vertical watertight seal embedded between the vertical half-groove of the brace and the vertical half-groove of the lagging panel in the central area of the brace and the lagging panel.
  • faces of braces and lagging panels are aligned and the marginal parts of their vertical half-grooves have the bevels, which form a vertical face groove.
  • This solution improves the visual quality of the wall face, as the vertical face grooves may be filled with a jointing compound that will form a monolithic surface of the wall together with faces of lagging panels and braces.
  • the other advantageous design of the invention is represented by the bottom lagging panel that is, over the whole width of its bottom edge, shaped into a form of the cutting edge.
  • the other advantageous design of the invention is represented by a bottom lagging panel that is, over the whole width of its bottom edge, equipped with toothing created on the reverse side of the cutting edge. On the reverse side of the wall, toothing will create a space for an activating backfill.
  • braces in a parallel manner while maintaining an accurate distance between them is required for a proper function of the wall, especially during continuous securing of a working pit, it is useful when recesses in at least one brace do not reach up to its base, and the brace footing is of a full cross-section and has an axial mounting cavity on the side of its base.
  • the tip of the setting pin installed in the concrete footing under the brace footing aptly fits into an axial mounting cavity.
  • the setting pin will be installed in the footing's concrete at the borehole bottom before braces are inserted into boreholes.
  • Setting pins will be precisely located and, after that, braces will be installed on these precisely positioned setting pins.
  • Main benefits of the permanent prefabricated braced wall according to this invention include especially the possibility of underpinning any terrain elevation, possible execution in a very restrained working area, minimizing the earth works, high speed of installation, cost saving, possibility of a waterproof version, minimum service life of 100 years, a long-term and high aesthetic value and value in use, a possibility of a design tailored to the client or professional graphic designer's requirements, etc.
  • the replacement of existing retaining and breast walls using the wall according to the invention does not require earth works to be carried out behind the reverse side of the wall.
  • the new wall may be installed within or even beyond the plan view of the existing support structure while leaving a necessary four-metre working zone in front of the face of the new wall being installed. Requirements for access roads to the construction site are minimum (the clearance width of 2 metres is sufficient).
  • Vertical or inclined supporting structures of roads, head wall supports and tunnel faces may be installed under any weather conditions, with possibility of a watertight design of a high environmental quality.
  • the wall is installed as a featured waterproof structure of the future basement without necessity of other structural layers and finishing treatment on its face, with a possibility of bearing circumferential parts of underground ceilings and/or a circumferential structure of the above-ground part of the building and thinning of the underground building envelope by 70 % as compared to the systems with common braced walls.
  • the permanent prefabricated wall according to the invention may be mounted even below the groundwater or surface water level and, hence, there is no need to keep the construction site dry.
  • the permanent prefabricated wall may be, therefore, aptly used as a final frame for water-management objects, streambeds and artificial water channels, pond dikes, flood barriers, etc., without the need for erecting a temporary waterproof sheet pile wall around the construction site and pumping water out of it, which will substantially reduce costs of the building process and accelerate construction works.
  • braces may be installed and the panels may be made with a clearance in the order of centimetres.
  • the groove for the seal will remain enclosed by bearing surfaces.
  • assembly and production clearances are necessary in manufacturing and assembly of braced walls and their components. In designing, we must reckon with the assembly clearance to avoid crossing of the structure and to prevent the panels from getting jammed and stuck during the assembly.
  • the structure must also be able to compensate movements of the subsoil in the order of centimetres due to the soil pressure when the braces bend and change their shape.
  • the permanent prefabricated braced wall 1 consists of prefabricated concrete braces 2 and prefabricated concrete lagging panels 3 , 3 ' .
  • Braces 2 and lagging panels 3 , 3' are precisely prefabricated parts made of a cast concrete.
  • Braces 2 have pre-cast holes 25 for anchors 4 , the ends of which will be secured in holes 25 using washers 26 and nuts 27 .
  • anchors 4 need not be used at all and braces 2 may be driven into the soil or set in concrete in the soil only.
  • Braces 2 are, basically, concrete prisms the vertical opposite walls of which include recesses in which lagging panels 3, 3 ' will be placed in the superimposed vertical bays. These are of a rectangular shape.
  • vertical sides of lagging panels 3, 3 ' are equipped with a vertical tongue 7 and a follow-up vertical half-groove 8 of the lagging panel 3, 3 ' .
  • Recesses in braces 2 have the vertical groove 5 and the follow-up vertical half-groove 8 of the brace 2.
  • the vertical groove 5 has a leading edge 13 and the vertical tongue 7 has a bevel 14.
  • the sealing cavity 30 of the vertical joint is also enclosed by two delimiting surfaces 34, 35 of the vertical joint, which are formed by the end surfaces of the brace 2 and the lagging panel 3, 3' .
  • Delimiting surfaces 34, 35 and the plane of the wall 1 form an angle of 90 degrees.
  • the side clearance t in the sealing cavity 30 is greater than the side clearance in other portions of the vertical joint.
  • the sealing cavity 30 holds the vertical watertight seal 9 that is formed by, for example, liquid rubber and is applied into all sealing cavities 30 at the same time after all lagging panels 3, 3' are installed in one bay of the wall 1.
  • Horizontal joints between lagging panels 3, 3 ' in one bay are sealed in such a way that the bottom edge of one lagging panel 3 has a deeper horizontal trapezoidal groove 10 into which the shallower horizontal trapezoidal tongue 11 of another lagging panel 3 fits. As a result, this forms a sealing cavity 33 of the horizontal joint between the tongue 11 and the groove 10.
  • the horizontal watertight seal 12 is placed in this cavity.
  • This seal is formed by a permanently flexible jointing compound.
  • the sealing cavity 33 of the horizontal joint is delimited by two bearing surfaces 31, 32 of the horizontal joint, which are formed by the side surfaces of the horizontal groove 10 and the horizontal tongue 11.
  • the sealing cavity is also enclosed by two delimiting surfaces 36, 37 of the horizontal joint, which are formed in corners of lagging panels 3, 3 ' _where sealing cavities 30, 33 and watertight seals 9, 12 placed in them contact.
  • all lagging panels 3 are perfectly sealed around the entire perimeter, including the contact point with braces 2.
  • FIG. 11 shows another example of the design of the wall 1 where the braces 2 are featured and not aligned with the front side of lagging panels 3, 3' .
  • Figures No. 9 and No. 10 show other possible examples of the designed shapes of the recess and the vertical joint between the brace 2 and the logging panel 3, 3' .
  • the bottom lagging panel 3 ' is shaped otherwise than other lagging panels 3. Its bottom edge is formed by the driving, supporting and sealing cutting edge 19.
  • the cutting edge 19 helps in gradual soil excavation where the digger bucket gets up to a rear position between two braces 2 and where the bottom lagging panel 3 ' that is pushed down from above by the weight of other gradually inserted lagging panels 3 is pushed lower and lower as a result of gravity. This makes it possible to gradually reinforce walls of the foundation pit when it is being deepened.
  • braces 2 will be pre-installed in not shown boreholes and the lagging panels 3, 3 ' will be gradually installed between braces 2 from above and shifted as a result of gravity as the soil is being excavated or the existing structures are being pulled down under lagging panels 3, 3 '.
  • the reverse side of the cutting edge 19 is equipped with the toothing 20 enabling the user to create the distance behind the rear side of the wall 1 for placing the activating backfill, such as sand or bentonite.
  • the first row of anchors 4 will be installed and attached in top pre-cast holes 25 and the soil excavation or pulling down of existing structures between braces 2 will start.
  • bottom lagging panels 3 ' and, then, other lagging panels 3 will be slid between braces 2.
  • Other anchors 4 will be gradually installed.
  • the soil will be continuously excavated and the original structures will be demolished below the bottom lagging panels 3 ' , or more precisely, their cutting edges 19.
  • the rear side will be activated by the backfill. Following the completion, the face may get a finishing treatment.
  • braces 2 In case of replacing the existing retaining walls in the not shown example of the design, holes for braces 2 will be made first and the braces 2 will be installed. Whereas the footing of braces 2 is accessible, neither boreholes nor setting pins 23 are needed here. Anchors 4 will be installed on braces 2 so that braces 2 are attached to the ground. The original retaining wall in bays between braces 2 will be gradually demolished from top to bottom and the lagging panels 3, 3 ' will be gradually slid between braces 2 from above. In the course of sliding panels or after the completion of the wall 1, the rear side will be activated by the backfill. Following the completion, the face may get a finishing treatment.
  • the permanent prefabricated braced wall 1 may be, in the not shown example of the design, installed even below the groundwater or surface water level, there is no need to keep the construction site dry.
  • the permanent prefabricated braced wall 1 may be, therefore, aptly used as a final frame of water-management objects, streambeds and artificial water channels, pond dikes, flood barriers, etc., without the need for erecting a temporary waterproof sheet pile wall around the construction site and pumping the water out of the construction site, which will substantially reduce costs of the building process and accelerate construction works.
  • Anchors 4 are not generally used in this case.
  • the permanent prefabricated braced wall according to the invention may be used as a substitute for the existing retaining and breast walls, as support structures of the road infrastructure, as head wall supports, as tunnel faces as well as a permanent foundation pit bracing that may also be used as a final structure requiring no finishing treatment as well as the bearing structure of the future above-ground building envelope or for installation of horizontal structures of an underground building.
  • the permanent prefabricated braced wall may also be used as a final frame for water-management objects, streambeds and artificial water channels, pond dikes, flood barriers, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
EP19154762.9A 2018-02-05 2019-01-31 Paroi contreventé préfabriqué permanent Active EP3521514B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2018-57A CZ307831B6 (cs) 2018-02-05 2018-02-05 Permanentní prefabrikovaná záporová stěna

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3521514A1 true EP3521514A1 (fr) 2019-08-07
EP3521514B1 EP3521514B1 (fr) 2021-05-19

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EP (1) EP3521514B1 (fr)
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111254942A (zh) * 2020-02-27 2020-06-09 上海路携科技发展中心 基坑临边定型化挡板防护及施工方法
CN113279416A (zh) * 2021-04-23 2021-08-20 游永华 一种高速公路边坡加固装置
CN114462115A (zh) * 2021-12-06 2022-05-10 华东交通大学 一种轴力自动补偿钢支撑基坑围护结构水平位移计算方法
CN114934515A (zh) * 2022-04-11 2022-08-23 孙海宏 基于工程施工用的基坑支护组件
AU2021250881B2 (en) * 2020-10-15 2023-11-23 Retaining Wall Supplies Limited A Retaining Wall

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114439212A (zh) * 2022-02-25 2022-05-06 中国葛洲坝集团第二工程有限公司 适用于高缓边坡支护工程的脚手架搭设方法
CN115095276B (zh) * 2022-07-16 2023-07-04 唐山中地工程勘察有限公司 一种岩土工程勘察用钻机

Citations (5)

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US3342033A (en) * 1965-04-08 1967-09-19 Layne Texas Company Inc Method of providing a sealed joint employing a flexible bag
US3802205A (en) * 1969-08-06 1974-04-09 Seawall Enterprises Inc Sea wall construction
JPS5944431A (ja) * 1982-09-06 1984-03-12 Kubota Ltd 地下室の構築方法
US4804299A (en) * 1986-07-09 1989-02-14 United International, Inc. Retaining wall system
CN204225085U (zh) * 2014-09-02 2015-03-25 谈维汉 一种t形桩

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US3193255A (en) * 1963-02-04 1965-07-06 Harold D Burdett Fence structure
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3342033A (en) * 1965-04-08 1967-09-19 Layne Texas Company Inc Method of providing a sealed joint employing a flexible bag
US3802205A (en) * 1969-08-06 1974-04-09 Seawall Enterprises Inc Sea wall construction
JPS5944431A (ja) * 1982-09-06 1984-03-12 Kubota Ltd 地下室の構築方法
US4804299A (en) * 1986-07-09 1989-02-14 United International, Inc. Retaining wall system
CN204225085U (zh) * 2014-09-02 2015-03-25 谈维汉 一种t形桩

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111254942A (zh) * 2020-02-27 2020-06-09 上海路携科技发展中心 基坑临边定型化挡板防护及施工方法
AU2021250881B2 (en) * 2020-10-15 2023-11-23 Retaining Wall Supplies Limited A Retaining Wall
CN113279416A (zh) * 2021-04-23 2021-08-20 游永华 一种高速公路边坡加固装置
CN113279416B (zh) * 2021-04-23 2022-12-23 游永华 一种高速公路边坡加固装置
CN114462115A (zh) * 2021-12-06 2022-05-10 华东交通大学 一种轴力自动补偿钢支撑基坑围护结构水平位移计算方法
CN114462115B (zh) * 2021-12-06 2024-03-26 华东交通大学 一种轴力自动补偿钢支撑基坑围护结构水平位移计算方法
CN114934515A (zh) * 2022-04-11 2022-08-23 孙海宏 基于工程施工用的基坑支护组件
CN114934515B (zh) * 2022-04-11 2024-04-09 孙海宏 基于工程施工用的基坑支护组件

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Publication number Publication date
EP3521514B1 (fr) 2021-05-19
CZ201857A3 (cs) 2019-06-05
CZ307831B6 (cs) 2019-06-05

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