EP3502352B1 - Polygonal sprout system with nodes for reinforcing excavations - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a spreader system for the stiffening of construction pits in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment comprising at least one steel pressure element with an assembly table, a method for producing the spreader system, and the use of the spreader system.

When building excavations, the walls of the earth removed are usually secured by means of wall protection, for example with a sheet pile wall. This prevents the earth from collapsing in an uncontrolled manner and enables essentially vertical side walls of the construction pit.

Such wall securing devices are often exposed to enormous pressure from the ground. So that the wall protection does not collapse, it must be fastened in the ground using ground anchors, for example. If such ground anchors are not possible or not suitable, a so-called splitting, also called bracing or stiffening of the building wall, is created. In this way, a counterpressure is held against the pressure from the ground in order to keep the wall protection vertical and to prevent the wall protection from bending or even collapsing. Today known sprouts are linear beams or girders.

the EP 2 453 062 A1 describes a method and a modular system for splitting the lateral surfaces of an excavation. The system comprises various modules which, thanks to their standardized coupling connections, can be assembled as required. Several modules together form a linear extension structure, which also includes at least one adjustable tensioning module and an end connector. That Tensioning module enables a press to be used to give the cracking the necessary pressures. It is also possible that the extension structure is installed in the corner area of the construction pit orthogonally to the walls. To secure larger construction pits, a large number of such modularly assembled, linear sprouting structures are used, which are arranged parallel to one another in the construction pit. This leads to a relatively tight grid on a large number of sprout structures. This makes it more difficult to excavate the construction pit, as the construction equipment must not touch the spreader structures during the work and the maneuvering of the construction vehicles. The narrow grid also makes lowering and pulling construction vehicles, excavated material and other loads more difficult.
the CN 204 298 832 U discloses a horizontal support structure with a concentric circular frame for deep excavations. The supporting structure is made entirely of reinforced concrete. It is suitable for producing cracks with very large diameters. The nodes created during production are not separate elements, but are created together with the entire structure in reinforced concrete and therefore on site. In order to produce such a reinforced concrete structure, the entire structure must first be reinforced in a complex manner using reinforcing iron. The reinforcement is then shuttered using formwork elements and filled with concrete, resulting in a steel-concrete bond. After the reinforced concrete structure has been used, it has to be dismantled with great effort, with the dismantled parts of the structure not being recyclable or only with great effort. In addition, the proposed support structure cannot be tensioned, which means that a larger number of vertical supports and side struts is required. In addition to the complex production, the concrete shrinkage, which can lead to cracks and thus weak points in the reinforced concrete structure, is also problematic. The document also discloses KR 101 474 515 B a spreader system to open a central, wide-open construction space in a stiffened construction pit, which is secured against collapse by a sheeting.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a spreader system which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the spreader system should be able to be set up quickly and easily and dismantled again after it has been used. The spreader system should enable the largest possible contiguous opening of the excavation and thereby enable a free vertical transport of loads such as excavated material, building materials and construction machinery through this opening. The spreader system should be able to be used both for construction pits in solid ground such as earth, rock etc. and / or for construction pits in bodies of water. In addition, the spreader system should be designed in such a way that the smallest possible number of vertical stands rammed into the ground is necessary in order, among other things, to allow construction machines to move freely as much as possible. The spruing system should also be tensionable in order to protect adjacent construction pit walls - for example in the vicinity of roads, railway lines or buildings - from even the smallest changes in movement. The spreader system - or at least most of it - should also be reusable after it has been removed. Surprisingly, this object could be achieved with a spreader system (1) for stiffening construction pits (2) with minimal hindrance in the excavation area of the construction pit by the stiffening, whereby a large continuous opening of the construction pit for vertical transport of loads can be produced, the spreader system at least one Has sprouting in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment with sides and corners (3), the sprouting system has at least one polygonal side element (31) made of steel and at least one further steel element, the sprouting system also having at least one steel pressure element (6) in the form of a connecting element made of steel with (11) assembly table, wherein the assembly table represents a planar surface on which elements of the spreader system can be placed.

1. a) das Ende oder ein Seitenbereich von mindestens einem Polygonseitenelement (31) und mindestens ein weiteres Stahlelement und/oder das Ende von mindestens einem weiteren Stahlelement auf den Montagetisch (11) gestellt werden,
2. b) und, wenn
   • das weitere Stahlelement ein Stahldruckelement (6) und somit ein Knotenpunkt (32) darstellt, das Polygonseitenelement (31) und das Stahldruckelement (6) miteinander verbunden werden, oder
   • das weitere Stahlelement kein Stahldruckelement (6) darstellt, zwischen dem Polygonseitenelement (31) und dem mindestens einen weiteren Stahlelement ein Stahldruckelement (6) erstellt wird indem mindestens ein Passstück (61) und/oder ein Stahldruckverteilelement (62) zwischen das Polygonseitenelement (31) und dem mindestens einen weiteren Stahlelement angeordnet wird und so ein Stahldruckelement (6) erhalten wird.

What is also claimed is a method for producing the one according to the invention Spriesssystems (1), characterized in that

1. a) the end or a side area of at least one polygon side element (31) and at least one further steel element and / or the end of at least one further steel element are placed on the assembly table (11),
2. b) and if
   • the further steel element represents a steel pressure element (6) and thus a node (32), the polygon side element (31) and the steel pressure element (6) are connected to one another, or
   • the further steel element is not a steel pressure element (6), a steel pressure element (6) is created between the polygonal side element (31) and the at least one further steel element by at least one fitting piece (61) and / or a steel pressure distribution element (62) between the polygonal side element (31) and the at least one further steel element is arranged and a steel pressure element (6) is thus obtained.

In addition, the use of the spreader system (1) according to the invention and obtained according to the invention for the splitting of construction pits (2), the construction pit wall (21) of the construction pit (2) representing a provisional demarcation from the ground and / or from a body of water and / or around with the sprouting system (1) a minimal obstruction in the excavation area of the construction pit (2), in particular a minimal obstruction when working in the construction and related trades in the construction pit (2).

The novel sprouting system (1) according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the use according to the invention surprisingly have a large number of advantages. Thus, the spreader system (1) can be created very quickly and efficiently compared to known spreader systems. Most of the individual components can be created in the factory and correctly dimensioned, so that all - or at least most - components only have to be assembled in a modular manner on the construction site. The steel pressure elements (6) used according to the invention can be produced on site quickly and without great effort. As a result, the shape of the steel pressure elements (6) to be exhibited with the corresponding dimensions and angles is precisely obtained in a simple manner. In addition, the spreader system (1) and the spreader system (1) obtained according to the method have a very large, continuous opening to the excavation pit (2). A comparably large opening cannot be achieved with conventional tensionable spreader systems.

The spreader system (1) according to the invention, the spreader system according to the invention and the spreader system used according to the invention can also surprisingly absorb the forces acting on the spreader system (1) surprisingly well. In this way - compared to conventional systems - a lighter split with a smaller wall thickness and weight can be used. This leads to positive effects such as less transport and faster assembly and dismantling of the splitting. The modular structure of the spreader system (1), including the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) and the optional wedges (10), allows right-angled terminations and connections in most cases. This is particularly the case when the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) and wedges (10) are designed as steel pressure elements (6). This significantly reduces the amount of waste, significantly increases the amount of reusable module parts and also greatly simplifies the assembly and disassembly of the spreader system (1), which leads to considerable time savings. The sprouting system (1) is therefore much more sustainable. A wide variety of components of the spreader system (1) can also be pre-assembled outside the construction site, as a result of which the spreader system (1) is set up more quickly and the construction time is shortened. In addition, the spreader system (1) can after use can be dismantled quickly and easily, and all or at least most of the components can be reused. As a result, the sprouting system (1) and the method for producing the sprouting system - compared to known sprouting systems - are more ecological and economical.

Surprisingly, it has also been found that the stretcher system (1) can be tensioned in a simple manner by inserting a tensioning element into the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') and then pressing it. As a result, pressure can be exerted on the construction pit wall (21) so that it does not move in the direction of the construction pit (2). This is particularly important if the area next to the excavation (2) to be created, and thus also the excavation wall (21), may not move laterally by a few centimeters in the direction of the excavation (2) - for example, if the excavation is in near a road, a railway line and / or a building.

In the case of very large and elongated construction pits (2), the spreader system (1) can also comprise two or more polygons or polygon segments (3) which are arranged next to one another and are connected to one another to increase stability. Surprisingly, it has now been found that the construction work can be accelerated in the area of a first polygon or polygon segment (3), as a result of which the first polygon or polygon segment (3) can be removed earlier in order to continue the construction work. The second and the further polygons or polygon segments (3 ') can still remain. This way of working allows, for example, the same workers to move from one polygon area to the second and then to further polygon areas. This approach is often requested by the site manager and has many advantages.

If the construction pit (2) is a construction pit in solid ground and is thus obtained by removing excavated material in the form of earth, rock, etc., a fixing device (7) with fewer elements is required compared to the prior art. This is the case in particular when stands (71) rammed into the subsurface are used as the fixing device (7), which have to be used in a significantly smaller number per unit area. This gives the drivers of construction vehicles such as excavators, traxes or tippers a much larger free driving area. In addition, a construction pit (2) with minimal obstruction in the excavation area is obtained, which among other things allows free vertical transport of loads such as excavated material, building materials and construction machinery. In addition, the construction ancillary trades are significantly less affected, for example when laying sewers or electrical pipes underground. The smaller number of studs (71) around which concrete has to be concreted around during construction also leads to fewer penetrations in the building to be constructed. Correspondingly, when the spreader system (1) is dismantled, fewer stands (71) have to be removed and thus fewer penetrations have to be closed.

If the excavation pit (2) is a construction pit as a delimitation in or to waters, in which water is pumped out of the excavation as excavation material, a new type of delimitation to the waters can be created with the spreader system (1) according to the invention and produced according to the invention become. The demarcation to the body of water is designed as a construction pit wall (21) which is directly adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3) of the spreader system (1). Instead of a cofferdam, which is now used to delimit waterways and which has two walls several meters apart with filler material in between, only one wall, ie a construction pit wall (21) without filler material, is required with the spreader system (1) according to the invention. This saves the laborious and cost-intensive transport of the filling material to the construction site and then back away from the construction site.

The excavation (2)

According to the invention, excavation pits (2) are understood to mean a larger indentation in a terrain surface caused by humans in order to create a structure. Suitable terrain surfaces are, for example, solid ground such as earth, rock, etc. and / or bodies of water, and the structure can be a building structure, for example a building, or a civil engineering structure, for example a tunnel. For example, excavation pits (2) can be created in solid ground by removing excavated material such as earth, rock, etc., and / or as a demarcation in or to bodies of water where water is pumped out of the excavation as excavated material. If a construction pit (2) is arranged at an angle, it typically comprises at least 3, often at least 4 construction pit walls (21), which are secured by means of suitable protection, i.e. splitting, in order to prevent the soil or rock from collapsing. The excavation pit (2) - and thus the excavation pit wall (21) - can also be arranged in a rounded manner, for example as a delimitation in or from waterways.

According to the invention, the term excavation pit (2) does not mean trenches whose excavation pit walls are secured, for example, by means of telescopic struts. Such a device for trenching is in the US-A-2017/0002538 described. This is not suitable for construction pits (2) within the meaning of the present invention, neither for construction pits in solid ground nor for construction pits in bodies of water.

The construction pit wall (21) is the delimitation of the construction pit (2). As a rule, the construction pit wall (21) is secured by means of suitable protection in order to to prevent collapse and / or erosion of the construction pit wall (21). Non-limiting examples of suitable protection include girder pile wall, chute wall, building wall, diaphragm wall, bored pile wall and sheet pile wall, which is based on a large number of sheet pile elements, with the sheet pile wall comprising a large number of sheet pile elements being preferred in many cases. These safeguards are often rammed vertically into the ground in a large number of elements arranged next to one another.

Longarines (22) are elongated elements that are usually fastened horizontally to the construction pit wall (21). As a result, longarines (22) connect a large number of elements arranged vertically next to one another to secure the construction pit wall (21). Longarines (22) thus distribute a force acting on them over a larger area of the construction pit wall (21). Longarines (22) are typically made of steel and have, for example, an H-profile, i.e. they are designed as H-beams. Longarines (22) are known to the person skilled in the art.

The Spriesssvstem (1)

The person skilled in the art generally understands splitting to be an arrangement for stiffening the construction pit wall (21) in order to prevent the construction pit wall (21) from collapsing to the side. Larger construction pits (2) can also have two or more projections which are arranged next to one another and / or vertically one above the other - and generally horizontally parallel to one another.

The splitting system (1) according to the invention, produced according to the invention and used according to the invention is understood to mean a splitting comprising a convex polygon or polygon segment (3), which is arranged horizontally. The extension system (1) comprises the at least one horizontally arranged extension in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment and a fixing device (7) which is usually arranged in the vertical direction and which holds the polygon or polygon segment in the horizontal plane, ie fixes it.

In addition to the polygon or polygon segment (3), i.e. in the same horizontal plane, the spreader system (1) can have one or more convex polygons or polygon segments (3 ') adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3). This is particularly helpful with elongated excavation pits. The sprouting system (1) can also comprise one or more outer polygonal sections (4). The polygon section (4) is arranged outside the polygon (3, 3 ') - or a partial area thereof - or outside the polygon section (3, 3').

The spreader system (1) is suitable for construction pits (2) of any size and depth, in particular for construction pits (2) with a width of about 20 meters and more. This means that excavation pits (2) with a width of 65 meters or more can be equipped with the spreader system (1). This means that typically all excavation pits (2) known today can be secured with the spreader system (1).

By stringing together two or more polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') both in the longitudinal direction of the excavation and, if necessary, in its width, excavation pits (2) with very large dimensions can also be equipped with the splitting system (1) according to the invention. Accordingly, the length of the construction pit (2) can be a multiple of the width of the construction pit (2). For example, a construction pit (2) can have a width of 100 meters or more and a length of 300 meters or more.

The sprouting system (1) can also comprise two or more polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') and optionally polygon sections (4), which are typically arranged vertically above or below one another. A vertical distance of about 2 to 10 meters or more between the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') is preferably maintained, so that even very deep construction pits (2) can be secured without any problems.

If 2 or more polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') are used next to one another, the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3') can have the same and / or a different shape. If 2 or more polygons or polygon segments (3) are arranged vertically one above the other, they preferably have the same dimensions and thus the same shape. As a result, not only can the stands (71) - if any are used - be divided, but the vertical obstruction is minimized.

The spreader system (1) according to the invention can be attached directly to the construction pit wall (21) of the construction pit (2). Preferably, however, a fastening, in particular a longarine (22), is attached to the construction pit wall in the horizontal direction and at the level of the spreader system, to which the spreader system (1) is attached. This enables the pressure exerted by the spreader system (1) to be distributed over the entire length of the construction pit (2).

The spreader system (1) according to the invention for stiffening construction pits (2) with minimal obstruction in the excavation area of the construction pit (2) due to the stiffening has at least one extension in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment with sides and corners (3). In addition, the stretcher system (1) comprises at least one polygon side element (31) made of steel, at least one further steel element and at least one steel pressure element (6) with an assembly table (11). So that includes Spriesssystem (1) a large number of different modules, which are assembled on site.

In a preferred embodiment of the spreader system (1), the at least one further steel element constitutes a polygonal side element (31), a lateral pressure distribution element (5), part of a construction pit wall (21) or a longarine (22) and / or a node (32) Form of a polygonal steel pressure element (6) with at least 3 corners. If the at least one further steel element represents a steel pressure element (6), two steel pressure elements (6) can also be arranged next to one another, for example in the form of a node (32) and a wedge (10) ).

In a further preferred embodiment of the sprouting system (1), the sprouting in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment (3) comprises at least one node (32), at least one lateral pressure distribution element (5), a fixing device (7) comprising at least one stand (71) and / or a suspension device (72), and possibly a swivel joint (9) and / or a wedge (10), wherein the node (32) and / or the wedge (10) can also be designed as a steel pressure element (6).

In a preferred embodiment, the construction pit (2) is in solid ground and the spreader system (1) delimits the construction pit (2) with the construction pit wall (21) from solid ground.

In another preferred embodiment, the excavation (2) is in or on a body of water and the spreader system (1) delimits the excavation (2) with the excavation wall (21) from water and possibly partially from solid ground.

The spreader system (1) is therefore extremely flexible, so that the spreader system (1) can be optimally adapted to each individual construction pit.

The polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') and the outer polygon section (4)

The term convex polygon (3) is understood to mean a closed polygon with a large number of corners, i.e. nodes (32), and with straight, i.e. linear, sides which connect the corners with one another. All - or a large part, i.e. at least 70%, of the sides of the polygon (3) - are designed as polygon side elements (31). In addition, the convex polygon (3) only has interior angles that are smaller than 180 °. The polygon (3) typically comprises at least 5, preferably at least 10 or more sides. In the case of larger excavations (2), the convex polygon (3) can also have 30, 50 or more sides. In addition, the polygon (3) generally has the same number of corners as there are sides. The convex polygon (3) comprises a plurality, ie typically at least 5, preferably at least 10, nodes (32), at least one polygon side element (31) made of steel, at least one further steel element and at least one steel pressure element (6) with an assembly table (11), wherein at least one node (32) is designed as a steel pressure element (6). A part of the construction pit wall (21) or the longarine (22) can also form one or more sides of the polygon (3).

The term convex polygon segment (3) is understood to mean part of the convex polygon (3). Thus, the polygon segment (3) is not closed, but has a beginning and an end. The convex polygon segment (3) comprises at least one corner with two straight sides, ie at least one node (32), at least one polygon side element (31) made of steel and at least one further steel element. In addition, the convex polygon segment (3) comprises at least one steel pressure element (6) with an assembly table (11), wherein the steel pressure element (6) can represent the - or at least one - node (32). In a preferred embodiment, the convex polygon segment (3) is used in construction pits that demarcate bodies of water.

Since the convex polygon (3) and the convex polygon segment (3) only differ in the closed or open shape, they are referred to together as convex polygon or polygon segment (3), or just polygon or polygon segment (3).

If the excavation (2) is in solid ground, at least one corner of the polygon or polygon segment (3), preferably the majority, i.e. more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, of the corners is not arranged on the excavation wall (21). The corners that are not arranged on the construction pit wall (21) are located within the construction pit (2) and typically on an assembly table (11) which is attached to the fixing device (7), a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) or is attached to a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut.

Thus, the spreader system according to the invention (1) differs significantly from the spreader system, which in the KR-B-101 474 515 is revealed. This is because this only connects construction pit walls with one another with a linear element, with all corners of the polygon being on the construction pit wall. Such spreader systems are only suitable for small construction pits in solid ground.

At least one side of the polygon or polygon segment (3) consists of a polygon side element (31) and at least one other side consists of a further steel element, this one polygon side element (31), a lateral pressure distribution element (5), part of a construction pit wall (21) or a longarine (22), and / or a node (32) in the form of a polygonal steel element with at least 3 corners.

The convex polygon or polygon segment (3) is generally arranged horizontally, i.e. in a horizontal plane.

• die Seiten des konvexen Polygons oder Polygonsegments (3) durch Polygonseitenelemente (31) und gegebenenfalls durch mindestens einen Teil einer Baugrubenwand (21) der Baugrube (2) und/oder mindestens einen Teil einer Longarine (22), welche an der Baugrubenwand (21) befestigt ist, gebildet, und
• die Ecken des konvexen Polygons oder Polygonsegments (3) durch Knotenpunkte (32) gebildet, wobei die Knotenpunkte (32) in Form eines Stahldruckelements (6), vieleckigen Stahlelements mit mindestens 3, insbesondere mindestens 4 Ecken, und/oder Drehgelenks (9) vorliegen, wobei die Knotenpunkte (32) bevorzugt auf einem Montagetisch (11) angeordnet sind, wobei der Montagetisch (11) an der Fixiervorrichtung (7), insbesondere an einem Ständer (71), befestigt ist.

In a preferred embodiment of the spreader system (1) are

• the sides of the convex polygon or polygon segment (3) by polygon side elements (31) and optionally by at least part of a construction pit wall (21) of the construction pit (2) and / or at least part of a longarine (22) which is attached to the construction pit wall (21) is attached, formed, and
• the corners of the convex polygon or polygon segment (3) formed by nodes (32), the nodes (32) being in the form of a steel pressure element (6), a polygonal steel element with at least 3, in particular at least 4 corners, and / or a swivel joint (9) , wherein the nodes (32) are preferably arranged on an assembly table (11), the assembly table (11) being attached to the fixing device (7), in particular to a stand (71).

In another preferred embodiment, the spreader system (1) also comprises a convex polygon or polygon segment (3 ') adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3) with at least two polygon side elements (31') made of steel and at least one node (32 ') and / or an outer polygon section (4) with at least two polygon side elements (41) made of steel and at least one node (42).

The convex polygon or polygon segment (3 ') is optional and is used in particular for elongated construction pits. It is a polygon or polygon segment adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3) and generally arranged in the same horizontal plane as the polygon or polygon segment (3). The polygon or polygon segment (3 ') can have the same or a different shape as the polygon or polygon segment (3), the convex polygon or polygon segment (3') likewise only having interior angles that are smaller than 180 °.

The term convex polygon (3 ') is analogous to polygon (3), a closed polygon with a large number of corners, ie nodes (32'), and straight, ie linear, sides, ie polygon side elements (31 '), which form the corners connect with each other, understood. The polygon (3 ') typically comprises 5 or more sides. In the case of larger excavations (2), the convex polygon (3 ') can also have 30, 50 or more sides.

The term convex polygon segment (3 ') is understood to mean a part of the convex polygon (3'), analogously to the polygon segment (3). Thus, the polygon segment (3 ') is not closed, but has a beginning and an end. The convex polygon segment (3 ') comprises at least one corner with two straight sides, i.e. at least one node (32') with two polygon side elements (31 ').

The sides of the polygon or polygon segment (3 ') typically consist of one polygon side element (31') per side, with one or more sides of the polygon (3 ') being formed by part of the excavation wall (21) instead of the polygon side element (31') can.

The outer polygon section (4) is optional and is used in particular in the case of larger-sized construction pits and outside the polygon or Polygon section (3, 3 ') arranged to reinforce the polygon or polygon section (3, 3') and surrounds part of the polygon (3, 3 ') or the polygon segment (3,3'), or a part thereof. The polygon section (4) comprises two or more polygon side elements (41) and at least one node (42) which connects the polygon side elements (41). If the excavation wall (21) delimits the excavation (2) in or on bodies of water, the outer polygon section (4) - if this is necessary to reinforce the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') - is placed along the excavation wall (21) arranged and the polygon segment (3, 3 ') set back within the excavation (2), attached to a fixing device (7) and connected to the outer polygon segment (4) by means of pressure distribution elements (5) - typically struts.

The polygon section (4) is used in particular where, due to the dimensions of the excavation (2), more than one polygon or polygon segment (3) is to be used, but there is no space for any further, for example no second, adjacent polygon or polygon segment (3 ') . By inserting one or more polygonal sections (4), the excavation pit (2) is optimally split. A polygon section (4) can, for example, have the size of half a polygon or polygon segment (3) or consist of only two polygon side elements (41) and a node (42). If two or more polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') are used, the outer polygon section (4) is arranged outside the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3') and / or between the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ').

The polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41)

The polygon or polygon segment (3) of the spreader system (1) according to the invention comprises at least one - often also a large number of - Polygon side elements (31) made of steel. Similarly, the polygon or polygon segment (3 ') of the inventive spruing system (1) comprises at least one - often also a large number of - polygon side elements (31') made of steel and the outer polygon section (4) comprises at least one - often also a large number of - polygon side elements (41) made of steel. The dimensions of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) can be identical or different.

Each polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) forms one side, i.e. edge, of the convex polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') or of the outer polygon section (4). Thus, the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) form the connecting line of the individual corners of the convex polygon or polygon segment (3. 3'), or the end sides of the polygon segments (3, 3 '), respectively. of the outer polygon section (4), selected sides of the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') being formed by the or parts of the excavation wall (21) or longarines (22) instead of a polygon side element (31).

The polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) made of steel can have a pressure distribution plate (12) at their ends, which typically adjoin the nodes (32, 32', 42). This embodiment is particularly preferred if i) the polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) adjoins a steel pressure element (6), in particular in the form of a node (32, 32', 42) or a wedge (10), and / or if ii) a tensioning element (8) is arranged between a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and a node (32, 32', 42).

The polygon side elements (31) of the polygon or polygon segment (3), the polygon side elements (31 ') of the optional adjacent polygon or polygon segment (3') and the polygon side elements (41) of the optional outer polygon section (4) can be used for the polygon or Polygon segment (3), the polygon or polygon segment (3 ') and the polygon section (4) each have identical or different dimensions.

In one embodiment, the polygon side elements made of steel (31, 31 ', 41) have the same dimensions or are made from such. Their lengths of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) are essentially determined by the dimension and number of corners of the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') and the polygon section (4) and can be, for example, 1 to 30 m. Suitable, non-limiting polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) include tubes, for example tubes with an outside diameter of 610 mm or 800 mm and a wall thickness of 16 mm or 20 mm, for example 610 x 16 mm or 800 x 20 mm, and / or H-beams, for example H-beams HEB 300 or HEB 600. Suitable pipes and H-beams are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art. He can also make the correct selection of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) for the respective polygons or polygon segments (3, 3') and polygon sections (4).

The ends of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) are preferably rectangular, which allows a simple, for example modular, construction with quick assembly and disassembly of the spreader system (1). In addition, since no miter has to be made, there is no waste.

If the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) are connected to at least one steel pressure element (6), a pressure distribution plate (12) - typically made of steel - is attached, in particular welded, to the respective end of the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41).

The nodes (32, 32 ', 42)

The node (32) forms a corner of the polygon or polygon segment (3), the node (32 ') forms a corner of the polygon or polygon segment (3') and the node (42) forms a corner of the outer polygon section (4). Thus, the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) connect two polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) or a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and part of an excavation wall (21) or longarine (22) so that the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) or the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) and the part of a construction pit wall (21) or longarine (22) are arranged at an angle to one another. The angle between two adjacent polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) in the case of a large polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') or a large outer polygon section (4) with many corners can be, for example, 178 ° and in the case of a small polygon or polygon segment ( 3, 3 ') or small outer polygon section (4) with few corners, for example 90 °.

The node (32, 32 ', 42) also adjoins at least one pressure distribution element (5) around the forces acting on the node (32, 32', 42) in the direction of the excavation wall (21), adjacent polygon or polygon segment (3 ') or outer polygon section (4) laterally and horizontally.

The nodes (32, 32 ', 42) of a polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') and of an outer polygon section (4) can all be of the same or different design.

The node (32, 32 ', 42) is preferably designed as a steel pressure element (6) or as a swivel joint (9) with at least 2, in particular with 3, 4 or 5, rotatable joint parts. The steel pressure element (6) is preferably a polygonal steel element with at least 3 corners, preferably with at least 4 corners, and can be prefabricated in the factory or directly on the construction site, whereby the correct angles can be optimally set. The node (32, 32 ', 42) as a steel pressure element (6) can also be designed in the form of a tube or cylinder. A steel tube or steel cylinder is preferably used as the stand (71), the node (32, 32 ', 42) typically, particularly preferably, being arranged on an assembly table (11). If the node (32, 32 ', 42) is in the form of a tube or cylinder, the assembly table (11) is either equipped with a hole and pushed and fixed from above over the stand (71), or in two or more parts from the side fixed, in particular welded, to the stand (71). In this embodiment, the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) adjoining the node (32, 32', 42) and pressure distribution elements (5) in the form of struts have a pressure distribution plate (12) at their ends (see FIG Fig. 8 ). If necessary, the pressure distribution plates (12) of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) adjoining the pipe or cylinder can be welded together with a fitting piece (61) in order to ensure the stability of the node (32, 32'). , 42) - and thus the steel pressure element (6) - with the adjoining elements (31, 31 ', 41, 5).

The polygon sides arranged at an angle to one another at a node (32, 32 ', 42), such as the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41), exert forces on the lateral surfaces of the node (32, 32 ', 42). These are discharged laterally in the direction of the construction pit wall (21) via the at least one pressure distribution element (5), which is also attached to the junction (32, 32 ', 42).

If the node (32, 32 ', 42) is in the form of a polygonal steel element - in particular an equilateral, polygonal steel element with at least 3, in particular at least 4 corners, these polygonal steel elements can be prefabricated at the factory. The steel element is advantageously up to on necessary reinforcement struts in the interior hollow, whereby a large weight saving can be achieved. Depending on the angle between the adjacent polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and / or pressure distribution element (5) - for example in the form of struts - the optimal polygonal steel element for the corresponding angle is used, whereby in many cases no wedge (10) is used optimal setting of the angle must be used. The connection between the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41), pressure distribution elements (5) and the steel element - advantageously on an assembly table (11) - is preferably made by welding. As a result, the individual components, in particular also the steel element used, can be reused in a simple manner after dismantling. A non-limiting embodiment of a suitable node (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a polygonal steel element is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown.

If the node (32, 32 ', 42) is in the form of a swivel joint (9), the swivel joint (9) preferably comprises at least 2, in particular 3 to 5, rotatable joint parts around the polygon sides, in particular the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41 ) and / or the construction pit wall (21) or longarine (22), the pressure distribution elements (5), in particular struts, and / or possibly the suspension beams (73) to be connected to one another.

If the node (32, 32 ', 42) connects a polygon side element (31, 31', 41) with the construction pit wall (21) or the longarine (22), the node (32, 32 ', 42) is preferably in the form of a welded one Connection or a swivel joint (9) between the polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and the construction pit wall (21) or the longarine (22). The construction pit wall (21) or the longarine (22) also form the pressure distribution element (5).

The Wedge (10)

The wedge (10) is used to optimally set angles in the spreader system (1), in particular angles on the sides of the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 '), the outer polygon section (4) and / or pressure distribution elements (5), in particular from Striving. The wedge (10) is preferably designed in the form of a steel pressure element (6). The wedge (10) can, however, also be in the form of a metal wedge. The wedge (10) is preferably arranged on an assembly table (11) and preferably adjoins a node (32, 32 ', 42).

1. i) einem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) und einem Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) in Form eines vieleckigen Stahlelements mit mindestens 3, insbesondere mindestens 4 Ecken,
2. ii) einem Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) mit einem Druckverteilelement (5), insbesondere einer Strebe,
3. iii) einer Longarine (22) und einem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) oder einem Druckverteilelement (5), beispielsweise einer Strebe,
4. iv) einem Druckverteilelement (5) und einer Seite eines Polygonseitenelements (31, 31', 41), und/oder
5. v) einem Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) oder einem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) mit dem optionalen Spannelement (8)
6. vi) angeordnet.

The wedge (10) is preferably between

1. i) a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and a node (32, 32', 42) in the form of a polygonal steel element with at least 3, in particular at least 4 corners,
2. ii) a node (32, 32 ', 42) with a pressure distribution element (5), in particular a strut,
3. iii) a longarine (22) and a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) or a pressure distribution element (5), for example a strut,
4. iv) a pressure distribution element (5) and one side of a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41), and / or
5. v) a node (32, 32 ', 42) or a polygon side element (31, 31', 41) with the optional tensioning element (8)
6. vi) arranged.

If the wedge (10) is a steel pressure element (6), the wedge (10) is produced on site. The longer side surfaces of the wedge (10) are typically formed by i) the pressure distribution plates (12), which are preferably arranged on the polygonal side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and on the pressure distribution elements (5) in the form of struts, and / or by ii) the side surfaces of an adjacent node (32, 32 ', 42) or a longarine (22) educated. At least one fitting piece (61) made of steel is used as the shorter end face or opposite end faces of the wedge (10), which is cut to the required size and then inserted between the longer side faces of the resulting wedge (10). The interfaces are then typically welded to one another. As a result, the size and the angle of the wedge (10) can be optimally adapted to the specific conditions. If necessary, ie to increase the stability, further fitting pieces (61) can be cut to size and inserted into the cavity of the wedge (10) and welded.

If the wedge (10) is a metal wedge, it is preferably manufactured at the factory and, for example, in different angles and different sizes, so that the wedge (10) can be used with the most optimal angle if necessary. Metal wedges have the advantage that they are delivered to the construction site in a finished construction and can be removed again and reused after the spreader system (1) has been used. This saves time and material. A non-limiting embodiment of a wedge (10) is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown.

The pressure distribution plate (12)

Pressure distribution plates (12) are preferably arranged at the ends of polygonal side elements (31, 31 ', 41) or pressure distribution elements (5) - for example struts. Due to the pressure distribution plates (12), the forces that act on the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) from the polygonal side elements (31, 31', 41) or the pressure distribution elements (5) are uniform over a larger area, in particular the lateral ones Area of the nodes (32, 32 ', 42), distributed. The pressure distribution plates (12) are typically flat - for example rectangular - steel plates with a thickness of typically 3 to 5 cm.

The ends of the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) have pressure distribution plates (12) in particular when the pressure distribution plates (12) are attached to an on-site, ie on the construction site and usually on an assembly table (11 ), produced steel pressure element (6) in the form of a node (32, 32 ', 42), a wedge (10), or if the steel pressure element (6) adjoins a side area of a polygonal side element (31) or a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a Strut with a further steel element, in particular the end of a pressure distribution element (5), connects. The pressure distribution plates (12) then usually also serve as side surfaces of the node (32, 32 ', 42), wedge (10) or connecting element to be created.

The steel pressure element (6) with assembly table (11)

According to the invention, a steel pressure element (6) is understood to be a connecting element made of steel which connects at least two steel elements to one another.

If the construction pit (2) is in solid ground, at least one steel pressure element (6) used according to the invention, preferably the majority, ie more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, of the steel pressure elements (6), is not arranged on the construction pit wall (21) . The steel pressure elements (6), which are not arranged on the construction pit wall (21), are located inside the construction pit (2), ie typically on an assembly table (11) attached to the fixing device (7) on a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) or is attached to a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut.

1. i) stellt das Stahldruckelement (6) einen Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) dar und verbindet bevorzugt zwei Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) und mindestens ein seitliches Druckverteilelement (5) miteinander,
2. ii) stellt das Stahldruckelement (6) einen Keil (10) dar und verbindet bevorzugt ein Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) mit einem Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) in Form eines vieleckigen Stahlelements mit mindestens 3 Ecken, und/oder
3. iii) verbindet, in Form eines weiteren Verbindungselements, das Stahldruckelement (6) einen Seitenbereich eines Polygonseitenelements (31, 31', 41) oder eines Druckverteilelements (5) in Form einer Strebe mit einem weiteren Stahlelement, insbesondere dem Ende eines Druckverteilelements (5) und somit typischerweise dem Ende einer Strebe.

In a preferred embodiment of the spreader system (1)

1. i) the steel pressure element (6) represents a node (32, 32 ', 42) and preferably connects two polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) and at least one lateral pressure distribution element (5) with one another,
2. ii) the steel pressure element (6) represents a wedge (10) and preferably connects a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) with a node (32, 32', 42) in the form of a polygonal steel element with at least 3 corners, and / or
3. iii) connects, in the form of a further connecting element, the steel pressure element (6) a side area of a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) or a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut with another steel element, in particular the end of a pressure distribution element (5) and thus typically the end of a strut.

If the steel pressure element (6) represents a node (32, 32 ', 42), the steel pressure element (6) can be prefabricated at the factory - for example in the form of a polygonal steel element with at least 3 corners. The steel pressure element (6) in the center can comprise a steel center point, a so-called steel pressure distribution element (62), preferably in the form of a short steel tube or a short steel cylinder, which is connected to the side centers of the polygonal steel element by means of so-called fitting pieces (61) made of steel is.

The steel pressure element (6) can also be produced on site as a node (32, 32 ', 42), wedge (10) and / or in the form of a further connecting element, typically on an assembly table (11). This gives the steel pressure element (6) exactly the correct angle and the required distances between the adjacent polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and / or pressure distribution elements (5). In this way, the at least two steel elements can be connected to one another in the best possible way.

If the steel pressure element (6) is produced on site as a node (32, 32 ', 42), the pressure distribution plates (12) of the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) to be connected and / or pressure distribution elements (5) in the form of a strut preferably form the Sides, or most of them, of the node (32, 32 ', 42). If the lateral edges of the pressure distribution plates (12) do not touch, they can be connected to one another, for example welded, by means of further steel plates. Between the pressure distribution plates (12) - preferably at the intersection of the extended center lines of the adjacent polygonal side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) - the steel pressure distribution element (62) can be arranged and connected to the pressure distribution plates (12) by means of fitting pieces (61) , in particular welded. If the steel pressure element (6) is produced on site, a stand (71) in the form of a tube or a cylinder can also serve as the steel pressure distribution element (62). Alternatively, a pipe cut to size in the form of an isosceles trapezoid can be inserted and, if necessary, welded to the pressure distribution plates (12) with a fitting piece (61) arranged on the side of the trapezoid.

If the steel pressure element (6) is produced on site as a wedge (10), the pressure distribution plates (12) of the adjacent polygonal side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and / or pressure distribution elements (5), or one side of a node (32, 32) produced on site ', 42) or a longarine (22), typically the longer side surfaces of the wedge (10). The shorter end face to be created or the opposite end faces of the wedge (10) are created with a fitting piece (61) made of steel and welded on, whereby the size and the angle of the wedge (10) can be optimally adapted to the specific conditions. at If required, ie to increase the stability, further fitting pieces (61) can be cut to size and inserted into the cavity of the wedge (10) and welded.

If the steel pressure element (6) is manufactured on site as a further connecting element, a side area of a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) or a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut with a further steel element, in particular the end of a pressure distribution element (5) and thus typically connected to the end of a strut. If necessary, fitting pieces (61) are used in order to connect areas that are not adjacent to one another. In addition, a steel pressure distribution element (62) with further fitting pieces (61) which connect the steel pressure distribution element (62) to the sides of the steel pressure element (6) can also be used. The individual elements are preferably welded to one another.

In another preferred embodiment of the inventive, obtained according to the invention and used according to the invention, the steel pressure element (6) is arranged on the assembly table (11) and the steel pressure element (6) connects a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) with at least one further steel element of the polygon or polygon segment (3).

In a further preferred embodiment of the spreader system (1), the ends of the at least one polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) adjoining the steel pressure element (6) and / or of the at least one side pressure distribution element (5) have a pressure distribution plate (12), which can serve as a side surface during manufacture.

According to the invention, the term assembly table (11) is understood to mean an essentially planar surface onto which elements of the inventive spreader system (1) can be provided. Suitable elements include polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41), nodes (32, 32', 42), in particular nodes (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a steel pressure element (6), pressure distribution elements (5), in particular in the form of Struts, wedges (10) and, if necessary, clamping elements (8) with fitting piece (81). The assembly tables (11) also serve in particular as a base for the steel pressure elements (6).

The assembly tables (11) are typically planar - for example rectangular or round - steel plates with a thickness of typically 2 to 3 cm. The assembly tables (11) are preferably attached to the fixing device (7), in particular on or on stands (71) - in particular welded on.

The clamping element (8) with fitting piece (81)

In a preferred embodiment, the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') or the outer polygon section of the inventive, obtained according to the invention and used according to the invention sprout system (1) comprises at least one tensioning element (8) with fitting piece (81) whereby the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') or the outer polygon section (4) has a tension, the tensioning element (8) with fitting piece (81) preferably being arranged between a polygon side element (31, 31', 41) and a node (32, 32 ', 42) .

A tensioning element (8) is used in particular when the excavation wall (21) must not move laterally in the direction of the excavation (2) - for example, when the excavation (2) is being built near a road, a railway line and / or a building will. Because of the engagement A tensioning element (8) presses the spreader system (1) against the construction pit wall (21) with sufficiently high forces that the construction pit wall (21) is stable and does not collapse. For this purpose, a tensioning element (8) is preferably arranged between one end of a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) with a pressure distribution plate (12) and a node (32, 32', 42).

1. i. der Longarine (22) und einem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41),
2. ii. einem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) und einem Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42),
3. iii. einem Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) und einer Druckverteilelement (5), beispielsweise einer Strebe, und/oder
4. iv. zwei Polygonseitenelementen (31, 31', 41)

angeordnet.
in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das Spannelement (8) hergestellt, indem

• zwei Elemente des Spriesssystems (1), bevorzugt ein Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) und ein Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) und/oder ein Druckverteilelement (5), mittels hydraulischer Presse bis zum gewünschten Druck, beispielsweise bis zu 5 Tonnen oder sogar bis zu 100 Tonnen, auseinander gepresst werden, wodurch eine Pressnische mit Abstand X erhalten wird,
• mindestens zwei Passstücke (81) bereitgestellt werden, wobei als Passstücke (81) Abstandhalter in Form von Stahlplatten mit der Länge X und der gewünschten Breite, oder geeignete Metallkeile sind, die in der Pressnische gegeneinander verkeilt werden können,
• die Passstücke (81) in die Pressnische eingefügt werden, wobei die Passstücke (81) bevorzugt mit den angrenzenden Stahlelementen, insbesondere den Druckverteilplatten (12) des Knotenpunkts (32, 32', 42) und dem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) und/oder des Druckverteilelements (5) in Form einer Strebe, verschweisst werden, sowie
• vor oder nach dem Verschweissen der Passstücke (81) der Pressdruck reduziert und die Presse ausbaut wird. Dabei sind geeignete Pressen dem Fachmann bekannt.

The tensioning element (8) is preferably between

1. i. the longarine (22) and a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41),
2. ii. a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and a node (32, 32', 42),
3. iii. a node (32, 32 ', 42) and a pressure distribution element (5), for example a strut, and / or
4. iv. two polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41)

arranged.
In a preferred embodiment, the tensioning element (8) is produced by

• two elements of the spreader system (1), preferably a node (32, 32 ', 42) and a polygonal side element (31, 31', 41) and / or a pressure distribution element (5), by means of a hydraulic press up to the desired pressure, for example up to 5 tons or even up to 100 tons, can be pressed apart, whereby a pressing niche with distance X is obtained,
• at least two fitting pieces (81) are provided, the fitting pieces (81) being spacers in the form of steel plates with the length X and the desired width, or suitable metal wedges which can be wedged against one another in the press niche,
• the fitting pieces (81) are inserted into the press niche, the fitting pieces (81) preferably with the adjoining steel elements, in particular the pressure distribution plates (12) of the node (32, 32 ', 42) and the polygon side element (31, 31', 41) and / or des Pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut, are welded, as well as
• before or after the fitting pieces (81) are welded, the pressing pressure is reduced and the press is expanded. Suitable presses are known to the person skilled in the art.

A non-limiting embodiment of a suitable tensioning element (8) with fitting pieces (81) is shown in FIG Fig. 7 shown.

The swivel joint (9)

The swivel joint (9), i.e. joint (9), comprises at least two rotatable joint parts which are connected to one another with a bolt, for example. The rotating parts of the swivel joint (9) can be rotated around the bolt, for example up to an angle of +/- 90 °. The swivel joint (9) is preferably designed i) as a node (32, 32 ', 42) and / or ii) as a connecting piece. If necessary, the swivel joint (9) can be stiffened, for example by means of welding or a suitable bolt, after the spreader system (1) has been completely arranged and the angles of the swivel joints (9) have been correctly set.

If the swivel joint (9) is designed as a node (32, 32 ', 42), the swivel joint (9) preferably comprises at least 2, in particular 3 to 5, rotatable joint parts around the polygon sides, in particular the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) and / or to connect the construction pit wall (21) or longarine (22), the pressure distribution elements (5), in particular struts, and / or optionally suspension supports (73) to one another, for example by means of welding and / or screws.

• einen Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) mit mindestens einem Druckverteilelement (5), beispielsweise in Form von Streben (5),
• einen Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) mit einem Aufhängeträger (73) der Aufhängung (72),
• eine Longarine (22) mit einem Druckverteilelement (5), bevorzugt in Form einer Strebe (5),
• eine Longarine (22) mit Polygonseitenelementen (31, 31', 41),
• eine Baugrubenwand (21) mit Aufhängeträger (73) der Aufhängung (72), und/oder
• einem starren und massiven Bereich ausserhalb der Baugrube (2) wie beispielsweise Fels mit Aufhängeträger (73) der Aufhängung (72).

If the swivel joint (9) is designed as a connecting piece, the swivel joint (9) preferably comprises 2, 3 or 4 rotatable joint parts and typically connects, for example by means of welding and / or screws

• a node (32, 32 ', 42) with at least one pressure distribution element (5), for example in the form of struts (5),
• a node (32, 32 ', 42) with a suspension beam (73) of the suspension (72),
• a longarine (22) with a pressure distribution element (5), preferably in the form of a strut (5),
• a longarine (22) with polygonal side elements (31, 31 ', 41),
• an excavation wall (21) with a suspension beam (73) for the suspension (72), and / or
• a rigid and solid area outside the construction pit (2) such as rock with a suspension beam (73) of the suspension (72).

Suitable swivel joints (9) are known to the person skilled in the art and are either commercially available or can be easily manufactured. They can be made of solid steel and / or round steel. A non-limiting embodiment of a suitable swivel joint (9) is shown in FIG Figures 11a and 11b shown.

The pressure distribution element (5)

The spreader system (1) according to the invention, produced according to the invention and used according to the invention has a large number of pressure distribution elements (5). The pressure distribution elements (5) connect the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) to an excavation wall (21) and / or to another pressure distribution element (5). Thus, there is typically at each node (32, 32 ', 42) of the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') or of the outer polygonal section (4) typically at least one pressure distribution element (5). In addition, the pressure distribution elements (5) are preferably arranged horizontally. The person skilled in the art knows from the individual spreader system (1) and the respective excavation pit (2) in what form and number the pressure distribution elements (5) are necessary.

The pressure distribution elements (5) optimally distribute the forces acting on the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) sideways, i.e. outwards in the plane of the polygon or polygon segment (3) and thus from the polygon or polygon segment (3) in the direction of the excavation wall (21) ). Thus, the pressure distribution element (5) can act as a link between the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') or the outer polygon section (4) and the terrain adjacent to the excavation (2), ie solid ground such as earth, rock etc. and / or Waters to be considered. The area adjacent to the excavation pit (2) exerts the necessary counter pressure so that the spreader system (1) can fulfill its function.

If the construction pit (2) is in solid ground and if the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) do not adjoin the construction pit wall (21) or longarine (22), the pressure distribution element (5) is usually a horizontally arranged strut, ie a linear steel element. If the node (32, 32 ', 42) borders on the construction pit wall (21) or on the longarine (22), the construction pit wall (21), longarine (22) and / or a stand (71) of the fixing device (7) represent the This is particularly the case when the construction pit wall (21) represents at least one side of the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ').

If the excavation (2) is in or on a body of water, it is often advantageous if the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) adjoin the excavation wall (21) or longarine (22). Then the pressure distribution element (5) is usually the construction pit wall (21) or longarine (22), the longarine (22) is often preferred as the pressure distribution element (5). Accordingly, the construction pit wall (21) itself has the shape of a convex polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 '). The fixing device (7) preferably comprises at least one stand (71) which is arranged on the construction pit wall (21) and / or is part of the construction pit wall.

If the pressure distribution element (5) - or a part thereof, for example the end of a strut - borders on a steel pressure element (6), the pressure distribution element (5) or that part of the pressure distribution element (5) which is to adjoin the steel pressure element (6) preferably has a pressure distribution plate (12).

The lateral pressure distribution elements (5) in the form of struts are preferably in the form of tubes and / or H-beams. The length of the struts depends essentially on the distance from the respective node (32, 32 ', 42) to the construction pit wall (21), to the node (32', 42), respectively. to another pressure distribution element (5), for example a strut. Struts can have lengths of, for example, about 0.5 meters to 10 meters or more. Suitable tubes and H-beams are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art. He can also make the correct choice of struts.

If the pressure distribution elements (5), for example struts, are connected to at least one steel pressure element (6), a pressure distribution plate (12) made of steel is preferably attached, in particular welded, to the respective end of the pressure distribution elements (5).

The fixation device (7)

The spreader system (1) according to the invention, produced according to the invention and used according to the invention has a fixing device (7). The fixing device (7) fixes the parts of the spreader system (1) arranged in the horizontal plane, in particular the convex polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 '), the outer polygon section (4) and the pressure distribution elements (5), in particular in the form of struts. As a rule, the fixing device (7) is in the form of a plurality of fixing elements such as stands (71), a suspension device (72) with suspension supports (73) and / or one or more abutments, with stands (71) often being particularly preferred. The suspension device (72) can be used in smaller sprouting systems (1) or selectively in one or more sub-areas of a sprouting system (1). Abutments are preferably used when at least one polygon segment (3, 3 ') - for example as a boundary to a body of water - is used. The ends of the at least one polygon segment (3, 3 ') are attached to abutments in the ground, in particular concreted, drilled, rammed - often in the form of concrete and / or steel anchors. The fixing device (7) in the form of the stand (71) and the suspension device (72) is preferably arranged in the area of the nodes (32, 32 ', 42), with assembly tables (11) typically being attached to the fixing device (7) which the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) are arranged. The fixing device (7) in the form of abutments is preferably attached to the ends of the polygon side elements (3, 3 ').

If the fixing device (7) comprises uprights (71), these are anchored in the subsurface of the construction pit (2). The uprights (71) are rammed into the subsurface of the excavation (2) in such a way that they are stable and preferably to lie in the area of the nodes (32, 32 ', 42), which are typically supported by the uprights (71) come. Assembly tables (11) on which the nodes (32, 32 ', 42), ends of polygonal side elements (31, 31', 41) and optionally ends of struts are arranged are preferably arranged on or on the uprights (71).

If the fixing device (7) comprises at least one stand (71) and the excavation pit (2) is located in solid ground, the at least one stand (71) is not arranged on the excavation pit wall (21). If the fixing device (7) comprises a large number of uprights (71), all uprights (71) - or at least the majority, ie more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, of the uprights (71) - are not on the construction pit wall (21 ) arranged.

Suitable stands (71) are known to the person skilled in the art. They are typically driven into the ground using suitable construction machinery. Preferred stands (71) are in the form of tubes and / or H-beams. The length of the uprights (71) depends essentially on the depth of the construction pit (2) after the excavation work has been completed and on the subsoil. Preferred, non-limiting uprights (71) include tubes, H-beams, ie wide-flange beams, in particular made of profile steel according to EN 10034, DIN 1025-3 (HEA), DIN 1025-2 (HEB) and / or DIN 1025-4 (HEM), as well as sheet piling profiles, ie sheet piles. Suitable stands (71) are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art. He can also make the correct selection of the stands (71) for the different spreader systems (1).

If the fixing device (7) comprises a suspension device (72), the spreader system (1) and thus the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') and / or the outer polygon section (4) - or a sub-area thereof, is secured by means of the suspension device (72) - Suspended, ie fixed, on a rigid and solid area of the construction pit wall (21), longarine (22) and / or outside the construction pit (2), for example on a rock or a wall of a neighboring building. This fixation takes place - in the vertical direction - above the spreader system to be fixed (1).

The suspension device (72) typically comprises at least one suspension support (73) which the suspension device (72) with the in horizontal plane arranged part of the Spriesssystem (1) connects. If the fixation of the suspension device (72) is arranged above the spreader system (1) to be fixed, the suspension supports (73) are subjected to tensile loading. If the fixing of the suspension supports (73) is arranged on the side of the construction pit wall (21) below the spreader system (1), the suspension supports (73) are subjected to pressure.

The at least one suspension support (73) of the suspension device (72) connects a fastening element of the suspension device (72) to selected elements of the spreader system (1), in particular nodes (32, 32 ', 42) and / or assembly tables (11). The polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') and / or the outer polygon section (4) are thus connected to the construction pit wall (21), the longarine (22) and / or a rigid and solid area outside the construction pit (2). The suspension supports (73) are preferably fastened with swivel joints (9), although other, typically known, types of fastening, such as welded connections, can also be used.

The suspension supports (73) have, for example, an angle of 30 ° to 60 °, in particular an angle of 40 ° to 50 °, relative to the horizontal plane of the spreader system (1).

Preferred suspension supports (73) are in the form of tubes and / or H-supports. Suitable tubes and H-beams are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art. He can also make the appropriate selection.

The use of a suspension device (72) is particularly suitable for areas of the spreader system (1) that are close to the construction pit wall (21), for example up to a distance from the construction pit wall (21) of about 20 m, in particular about 10 meters . If nodes (32, 32 ', 42) are not connected to the suspension device (72) - for example if the diameter of the excavation is greater than 50 meters, in particular greater than 30 meters, the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) are preferably stabilized by means of uprights (71).

The procedure

1. a) das Ende oder ein Seitenbereich von mindestens einem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) und mindestens ein weiteres Stahlelement und/oder das Ende von mindestens einem weiteren Stahlelement auf den Montagetisch (11) stellen,
2. b) und, wenn
   • das weitere Stahlelement ein Stahldruckelement (6) und somit ein Knotenpunkt (32) darstellt, das Polygonseitenelement (31) und das Stahldruckelement (6) miteinander verbunden werden, insbesondere mittels Schweissen und/oder Schrauben sowie gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung eines Passstücks (61) um den Winkel korrekt einzustellen, oder
   • das weitere Stahlelement kein Stahldruckelement (6) darstellt, zwischen dem Polygonseitenelement (31) und dem mindestens einen weiteren Stahlelement ein Stahldruckelement (6) erstellt wird indem mindestens ein Passstück (61) und/oder ein Stahldruckverteilelement (62) zwischen das Polygonseitenelement (31) und dem mindestens einen weiteren Stahlelement angeordnet wird, insbesondere mittels Schweissen und/oder Schrauben, und so ein Stahldruckelement (6) erhalten wird. Das so erhaltene Stahldruckelement (6) kann ein Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42), ein Keil (10) oder ein Seitenbereich eines Polygonseitenelements (31, 31', 41) oder eines Druckverteilelements (5) in Form einer Strebe mit einem weiteren Stahlelement, insbesondere dem Ende eines Druckverteilelements (5), verbinden.

The method for producing the spreader system (1) according to the invention and used according to the invention, comprising at least one steel pressure element (6) with an assembly table (11), comprises the following steps:

1. a) place the end or a side area of at least one polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and at least one further steel element and / or the end of at least one further steel element on the assembly table (11),
2. b) and if
   • the further steel element represents a steel pressure element (6) and thus a node (32), the polygon side element (31) and the steel pressure element (6) are connected to one another, in particular by means of welding and / or screws and, if necessary, using a fitting piece (61) around the Set the angle correctly, or
   • the further steel element is not a steel pressure element (6), a steel pressure element (6) is created between the polygonal side element (31) and the at least one further steel element by at least one fitting piece (61) and / or a steel pressure distribution element (62) between the polygonal side element (31) and the at least one further steel element is arranged, in particular by means of welding and / or screws, and a steel pressure element (6) is thus obtained. That so obtained steel pressure element (6) can be a node (32, 32 ', 42), a wedge (10) or a side area of a polygonal side element (31, 31', 41) or a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut with a further steel element, in particular the end of a pressure distribution element (5).

The at least one steel pressure element (6) is preferably produced in one of the two ways described, regardless of whether the steel pressure element (6) is a node (32, 32 ', 42), a wedge (10) or a side area of a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) or a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut with a further steel element, in particular the end of a pressure distribution element (5). If the steel pressure element (6) cannot be created on an assembly table (11) which is attached to the fixing device (7), for example to a stand (71), an assembly table can also be attached to the corresponding side area of the polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) or the strut are arranged, in particular welded on.

The production of the steel pressure element (6) according to the present invention is simple and efficient for the person skilled in the art. In this way, the individual angles and distances can be set correctly in a simple manner.

• mindestens eine Baugrubenwand (21) der Baugrube (2) erstellt und bevorzugt die Baugrube (2) mindestens teilweise ausgehoben wird,
• die Fixiervorrichtung (7) umfassend Ständer (71) und/oder die Aufhängevorrichtung (72) angeordnet wird,
• Montagetische (11) an der Fixiervorrichtung (7) befestigt werden,
• Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) und Druckverteilelemente (5) so auf Montagetischen (11) angeordnet werden, dass die Enden der Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) und die Enden der Druckverteilelemente (5) je zwei Montagetische (11) miteinander oder ein Montagetisch (11) mit der Baugrubenwand (21) verbinden,
• die Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) und Druckverteilelemente (5) mittels Knotenpunkte (32, 32', 42) miteinander verbinden, wobei die Knotenpunkte (32, 32', 42) als Stahldruckelement (6) ausgebildet sind oder ausgebildet werden, und
• die Baugrube (2) fertig ausgehoben wird, wobei gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere tiefergelegene Polygone oder Polygonsegmente (3, 3') und gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere äussere Polygonabschnitte (4) erstellt werden.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing the spreader system (1), the excavation pit (2) of the spreader system (1) represents an excavation pit (2) in solid ground

• at least one construction pit wall (21) of the construction pit (2) is created and preferably the construction pit (2) is at least partially excavated,
• the fixing device (7) comprising the stand (71) and / or the suspension device (72) is arranged,
• Assembly tables (11) are attached to the fixing device (7),
• Polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) are arranged on assembly tables (11) in such a way that the ends of the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) and the ends of the pressure distribution elements (5) each have two assembly tables (11) connect with each other or an assembly table (11) with the construction pit wall (21),
• connect the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) to one another by means of nodes (32, 32', 42), the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) being or being designed as steel pressure elements (6), and
• the excavation pit (2) is completely excavated, with one or more lower lying polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') and optionally one or more outer polygon sections (4) being created.

In a first step of this embodiment, the construction pit wall (21) is used to create a lateral closure of the construction pit (2) and a first, planar construction pit excavation. The construction pit closure is created in a known manner, for example by ramming sheet piling profiles into the ground, whereby the construction pit wall (21) is created. This prevents lateral soil or rock from collapsing into the excavation. The area within the created excavation wall (21) is removed in a known manner up to a first, planar excavation level. The latter corresponds to the depth of the excavation where the - if necessary topmost - spreader system (1) is created. The skilled person can calculate the optimal level.

In an optional further step, longarines (22) are fastened horizontally to the construction pit wall (21) at the level of the spreader system (1) to be created. If necessary, at least part of the construction pit excavation is also removed, the excavation being in solid form such as Soil and / or rock, or in liquid form such as water,
In a next step, the fixing device (7) is arranged including the stands (71) and / or the suspension device (72), the stands (71) preferably being rammed into the ground at selected, predefined locations so that they are connected horizontally to one another be able. The person skilled in the art knows how to set the level correctly and what tolerances are allowed. Alternatively - or additionally - the suspension device (72) is fastened at selected locations on the construction pit wall (21) and / or outside the construction pit (2).

Assembly tables (11) are then attached to the fixing device, i.e. typically on and / or to the stands (71) and / or to the suspension device (72). The assembly tables (11) usually consist of a steel plate, for example with a thickness of 30 mm. The size, ie the surface, of the assembly table (11) is usually dimensioned so that both the node (32, 32 ', 42) and the ends of the polygon side elements to be attached to the node (32, 32', 42) (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) such as struts can be placed on the assembly table (11) in order to then create the connections and / or to create a steel pressure element (6). The assembly table (11) therefore generally has larger dimensions than the node (32, 32 ', 42) lying on it.

In a further step, the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) are arranged on assembly tables (11) in such a way that the ends of the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) and the ends of the pressure distribution elements (5) Connect two assembly tables (11) with each other or one assembly table (11) with the construction pit wall (21).

In a next step, the polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) are connected to one another by means of nodes (32, 32', 42), preferably at least one node (32, 32 ', 42) as a steel pressure element (6 ) is trained. If the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) are in the form of a polygonal steel element with at least 3, in particular at least 4 corners, an open angle between the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) or Pressure distribution elements (5), for example in the form of struts, are closed with a steel pressure element (6).

The excavation pit (2) is then completely excavated, with one or more lower-lying polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') and optionally one or more outer polygon sections (4) being created by, among other things, fastening assembly tables (11), polygon side elements (31 , 31 ', 41) and pressure distribution elements (5) are arranged on the assembly tables (5) and then connected to nodes.

• mindestens einen Ständer (71) in den Untergrund gerammt wird,
• anschliessend an dem mindestens einen Ständer (71) bevorzugt eine seitliche Halterung zur Aufnahme eines Montagetischs (11) fixiert wird,
• auf die am Ständer (71) angebrachte seitliche Halterung ein Montagetisch (11) befestigt wird, wobei bei einer Vielzahl an Montagetischen (11) die Montagetische (11) auf gleichem horizontalem Niveau angebracht werden. Dabei wird bevorzugt der Montagetisch (11) oberhalb der Gewässeroberfläche erstellt.
• je ein Ende von zwei Polygonseitenelementen (31), gegebenenfalls mit Druckverteilplatte (12), sowie einen Knotenpunkt (32) in Form eines Stahldruckelements (6) auf den Montagetisch (11) gestellt wird, oder je ein Ende von zwei Polygonseitenelementen (31), gegebenenfalls mit Druckverteilplatte (12), auf den Montagetisch (11) stellen und zwischen den Polygonseitenelementen (31) mittels einem Stahldruckverteilelement (62) einen Knotenpunkt (32) in Form eines Stahldruckelements (6) erstellen,
• die Polygonseitenelemente (31) sowie das Stahldruckelement (6) oder das Stahldruckverteilelement (62) miteinander, insbesondere mittels Schweissen und/oder Schrauben, verbinden, mindestens zwei Longarinen (22) an mindestens einem Ständer (71) und an je einem weiteren Fixierelement befestigt werden, wobei das Fixierelement ein Ständer (71) oder ein Widerlager ausserhalb des Gewässers darstellt. Dabei werden die Longarinen (22) insbesondere bevorzugt auf gleicher Höhe angeordnet wie die Polygonseitenelemente (31). Wenn mehrere Longarinen (22) übereinander angeordnet werden, werden bei diesem Verfahrensschritt bevorzugt alle Longarinen (22) angebracht, bevor die Baugrubenwand (21) erstellt wird.
• die Baugrubenwand (21) erstellt wird, insbesondere in Form einer Spundwand, wobei die Baugrubenwand (21) an die Seite der Longarinen (22) angeordnet wird, die den Polygonseitenelementen (31) gegenüberliegt,
• das Wasser in der Baugrube (2), zumindest bis zur nächst unteren Longarine (22), abgepumpt wird.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method for producing the sprouting system (1), the building pit (2) of the sprouting system (1) represents a building pit (2) in or on bodies of water

• at least one stand (71) is rammed into the ground,
• then, preferably a lateral bracket for receiving an assembly table (11) is fixed to the at least one stand (71),
• an assembly table (11) is attached to the lateral bracket attached to the stand (71), the assembly tables (11) being attached at the same horizontal level in the case of a plurality of assembly tables (11). The assembly table (11) is preferably created above the surface of the water.
• one end of each of two polygonal side elements (31), optionally with a pressure distribution plate (12), and a node (32) in the form of a steel pressure element (6) is placed on the assembly table (11), or one end of each of two polygonal side elements (31), If necessary with a pressure distribution plate (12), place it on the assembly table (11) and create a node (32) in the form of a steel pressure element (6) between the polygon side elements (31) by means of a steel pressure distribution element (62),
• connect the polygon side elements (31) and the steel pressure element (6) or the steel pressure distribution element (62) to one another, in particular by means of welding and / or screws, at least two longarines (22) are attached to at least one stand (71) and to a further fixing element each , wherein the fixing element represents a stand (71) or an abutment outside the body of water. The longarines (22) are particularly preferably arranged at the same height as the polygon side elements (31). If several longarines (22) are arranged one above the other, all longarines (22) are preferably attached in this process step before the construction pit wall (21) is created.
• the construction pit wall (21) is created, in particular in the form of a sheet pile wall, the construction pit wall (21) being arranged on the side of the longarines (22) which is opposite the polygon side elements (31),
• the water in the excavation (2) is pumped out at least as far as the next lower longarine (22).

1. i) das Erstellen einer seitlichen Halterung zur Aufnahme eines Montagetischs (11),
2. ii) Befestigen des Montagetischs (11),
3. iii) Stellen von Polygonseitenelemente (31) und gegebenenfalls eines Knotenpunkts (32) auf den Montagetisch (11), sowie
4. iv) Erstellen des Stahldruckelements (6) auf dem Montagetisch (11), sofern der Knotenpunkt (32) oder ein Keil (10) als Stahldruckelement (6) eingesetzt wird,

wiederholt werden, bis die ganze Baugrube (2) trockengelegt ist. Dabei werden die Longarinen (22) typischerweise in einem Höhenabstand von etwa 2 bis 5 Metern untereinander befestigt.If the spreader system (1) - if arranged in or on a body of water - has at least 2 superimposed longarines (22), the uppermost longarine (22) - or if there are a large number of uprights (71), the uppermost row of longarines (22) - arranged above the water surface. After this Creating the construction pit wall (21) is then pumped out in the construction pit (2), ie in the area which is to be drained, water to below the underlying longarine or longarine row (22). The steps described above can then be carried out comprehensively

1. i) the creation of a side bracket to hold an assembly table (11),
2. ii) attaching the assembly table (11),
3. iii) placing polygon side elements (31) and optionally a node (32) on the assembly table (11), as well as
4. iv) Creating the steel pressure element (6) on the assembly table (11), provided that the node (32) or a wedge (10) is used as the steel pressure element (6),

be repeated until the entire construction pit (2) has been drained. The longarines (22) are typically attached to each other at a height distance of about 2 to 5 meters.

When the spreader system (1) is created in or on bodies of water, the spreader system (1) is often arranged in the form of a polygon segment (3) or several polygon segments (3, 3 ') lined up next to and / or one above the other. This is particularly the case when the excavation pit (2) to be created encompasses part of a body of water and is adjacent to the surroundings, i.e. solid ground such as rock and / or soil. If the spreader system (1) is arranged within a body of water, for example to create or renovate bridge piers, a spreader system (1) in the form of one or more self-contained polygons (3, 3 ') can also be present.

• mittels hydraulischer Presse ein Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) und ein Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41), beispielsweise bis zu 5 Tonnen oder sogar bis zu 100 Tonnen, auseinander gepresst werden, wodurch eine Pressnische mit Abstand X erhalten wird,
• mindestens zwei Passstücke (81) bereitgestellt werden, wobei die Passstücke (81) Abstandhalter in Form von Stahlplatten mit der Länge X oder Metallkeile sind, wobei die Metallkeile in der Pressnische gegeneinander verkeilt werden können,
• die Passstücke (81) in die Pressnische eingefügt werden, wobei die Passstücke (81) bevorzugt mit den angrenzenden Stahlelementen, insbesondere den Druckverteilplatten (12) des Knotenpunkts (32, 32', 42) und dem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) und/oder des Druckverteilelements (5) in Form einer Strebe, verschweisst werden, sowie
• vor oder nach dem Verschweissen der Passstücke (81) der Pressdruck reduziert und die Presse ausgebaut wird.

In another preferred embodiment of the method for producing the sprouting system (1), the polygon or polygon segment (3, 3 ') and / or optionally the outer polygon segment (4) is tensioned and remains by means of an inserted tensioning element (8), in particular by means of fitting pieces (81 ), excited, being preferred

• a junction (32, 32 ', 42) and a polygonal side element (31, 31', 41), for example up to 5 tons or even up to 100 tons, are pressed apart by means of a hydraulic press, whereby a press niche with distance X is obtained,
• at least two fitting pieces (81) are provided, the fitting pieces (81) being spacers in the form of steel plates with the length X or metal wedges, wherein the metal wedges can be wedged against one another in the press niche,
• the fitting pieces (81) are inserted into the press niche, the fitting pieces (81) preferably with the adjoining steel elements, in particular the pressure distribution plates (12) of the node (32, 32 ', 42) and the polygon side element (31, 31', 41) and / or the pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut, are welded, as well as
• before or after welding the fitting pieces (81), the pressing pressure is reduced and the press is removed.

A non-limiting embodiment of a suitable tensioning element (8) with fitting pieces (81) is shown in FIG Fig. 7 shown.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method for producing the sprouting system (1) the polygon or polygon segment (3) is an adjacent polygon or polygon segment (3 ') with at least two polygon side elements (31') made of steel and at least one node (32 ') and / or an outer polygon section (4) with at least two polygon side elements (41) made of steel and at least one node (42) added in order to optimally stiffen the construction pit (2).

The usage

The spreader system (1) according to the invention and obtained according to the invention is preferably used for the splitting of construction pits (2), the construction pit wall (21) of the construction pit (2) representing a provisional demarcation from the ground and / or from a body of water and / or to with the Spriesssystem (1) a minimal obstruction in the excavation area of the construction pit (2), in particular a minimal obstruction when working in the construction and related trades in the construction pit (2). The excavation area of an excavation pit (2) can represent solid ground, i.e. solid ground such as earth and / or rock, and / or a boundary in or to bodies of water in which water is pumped out of the excavation as excavated material.

1

Spriesssystem (1)

2

Baugrube (2)

21

Baugrubenwand (21)

22

Longarine (22), an der Baugrubenwand (21) befestigt und bevorzugt horizontal angeordnet

3

konvexes Polygon oder Polygonsegment (3)

31

Polygonseitenelementen (31)

32

Knotenpunkt (32)

3'

zum Polygon oder Polygonsegment (3) benachbartes Polygon oder Polygonsegment (3')

31'

Polygonseitenelement (31') des Polygons (3')

32'

Knotenpunkt (32') des Polygons (3')

4

Äusserer Polygonabschnitt (4)

41

Polygonseitenelementen (41) des Polygonabschnitts (4)

42

Knotenpunkt (42) des Polygonabschnitts (4)

5

Seitliches Druckverteilelement (5)

6

Stahldruckelement (6)

61

Passstück (61)

62

Stahldruckverteilelement (62)

7

Fixiervorrichtung (7)

71

Ständer (71)

72

Aufhängevorrichtung (72)

73

Aufhängeträger (73) ex (71)

8

Spannelement (8)

81

Passstück (81)

9

Drehgelenk (9)

10

Keil (10)

11

Montagetisch (11)

12

Druckverteilplatte (12)

The following reference symbols are used:

1

Spreader system (1)

2

Construction pit (2)

21

Excavation wall (21)

22nd

Longarine (22) attached to the construction pit wall (21) and preferably arranged horizontally

3

convex polygon or polygon segment (3)

31

Polygon side elements (31)

32

Junction (32)

3 '

polygon or polygon segment (3 ') adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3)

31 '

Polygon side element (31 ') of the polygon (3')

32 '

Node (32 ') of the polygon (3')

4th

Outer polygon section (4)

41

Polygon side elements (41) of the polygon section (4)

42

Node (42) of the polygon section (4)

5

Lateral pressure distribution element (5)

6th

Steel pressure element (6)

61

Adapter (61)

62

Steel pressure distribution element (62)

7th

Fixation device (7)

71

Stand (71)

72

Hanger (72)

73

Suspension bracket (73) ex (71)

8th

Tensioning element (8)

81

Adapter (81)

9

Swivel (9)

10

Wedge (10)

11

Assembly table (11)

12th

Pressure distribution plate (12)

Fig. 1

zeigt beispielhaft das erfindungsgemässe Spriesssystem (1), das in einer Baugrube (2) im Erdreich angeordnet ist. Die Baugrubenwand (21) - beispielsweise eine Spundwand - ist beispielhaft mit einer Longarine (22) versehen, an welcher das konvexe Polygon oder Polygonsegment (3) und zwei seitlich angeordnete, äussere Polygonabschnitte (4) des Spriesssystems (1) befestigt sind. Dadurch wird der Druck, welcher das Spriesssystem (1) auf die Longarine (22) ausübt, auf einen grösseren Bereich der Baugrubenwand (21) verteilt. Die beiden äusseren Polygonabschnitte (4), welche ausserhalb des konvexen Polygons oder Polygonsegments (3) auf der linken und rechten Seite angeordnet sind, helfen die in dieser Darstellung längliche Baugrube (2) seitlich zusätzlich abzustützen. Das Polygon oder Polygonsegment (3) und die Polygonabschnitte (4) umfassen eine Vielzahl an Polygonseitenelementen (31, 41) und Knotenpunkten (32, 42), wobei die Knotenpunkte (32) - als Stahldruckelemente (6) ausgebildet - zwei Polygonseitenelemente (31) miteinander verbinden und dadurch die Ecken des Polygons oder Polygonsegments (3) bilden. Die Knotenpunkte (32, 42) sind auf oder an Ständern (71) auf gleichem Niveau befestigt. An den Knotenpunkten (32, 42) ist jeweils mindestens ein Druckverteilelement (5) in Form einer Strebe angebracht, wobei die Strebe mit der Baugrubenwand (21), mit der Longarine (22), mit einem Knotenpunkt (42) eines Polygonabschnitts (4), oder einem anderen Druckverteilelement (5), insbesondere einer Strebe, verbunden ist. Dabei dienen die Druckverteilelemente (5) zum Weiterleiten und Verteilen des Drucks, welchem das Polygon oder Polygonsegment (3) ausgesetzt ist. Zudem ist beispielhaft eine Aufhängevorrichtung (72) mit einem Aufhängeträger (73) dargestellt, wobei oft eine Vielzahl von Aufhängeträgern (73) verwendet wird.
In der Baugrube (2) sind beispielhaft ein Bagger und ein kleiner Muldenkipper dargestellt um die Grössenordnung eines beispielhaften Spriesssystems (1) in der Baugrube (2) und der dadurch gebildeten Öffnung anzuzeigen.

Fig. 2

zeigt beispielhaft einen Plan einer anderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Spriesssystems (1), das in einer Baugrube (2) im Erdreich mit Baugrubenwand (21) mit Longarine (22) angeordnet ist. Das Spriesssystems (1) umfasst in dieser Darstellung zwei seitliche, symmetrisch angeordnete konvexe Polygone oder Polygonsegmente (3), welche sich links und rechts eines in der Mitte angeordneten weiteren, benachbarten Polygons (3') befinden. Die Ecken der Polygone werden durch Knotenpunkte (32, 32') gebildet, wobei die Knotenpunkte (32, 32') - als Stahldruckelemente (6) ausgebildet - zwei Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31') miteinander verbinden. Die Knotenpunkte (32, 32') sind auf oder an Ständer (71) angeordnet und sind mittels einer Vielzahl von Druckverteilelementen (5) wie Streben mit einer Baugrubenwand (21), einer Longarine (22), mit einem Knotenpunkt (32') einem anderen, benachbarten Polygon (3'), einem Knotenpunkt (42) eines Polygonabschnitts (4), oder einer anderen Druckverteilelement (5) verbunden. Durch dieses, erfindungsgemässe Spriesssystem (1) weist die Baugrube (2) nicht nur eine optimale Spriessung und somit optimale Aussteifung aus, sondern erlaubt durch die grossen Öffnungen im Inneren der Polygone oder Polygonsegmente (3, 3') einen problemlosen Transport auch von grossen Lasten in die Baugrube (2) und aus dieser wieder heraus. Auch werden die Bauarbeiten in der Baugrube (2) im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Spriessungen durch wesentlich weniger Ständer oder andere Elemente behindert.

Fig. 3

zeigt beispielhaft das erfindungsgemässe und erfindungsgemäss hergestellte Spriesssystem (1) in Form von verschiedenen parallel übereinander angeordneten Polygonsegmente (3) zur Abgrenzung der Baugrube (2) an einem Gewässer, beispielsweise eines Sees. Die Enden der Polygonsegmente (3) sind in dieser Darstellung an Widerlagern aus Beton am Ufer in festem Untergrund befestigt. Die Polygonsegmente (3) weisen je eine Vielzahl an Polygonseitenelementen (31) auf, welche im Bereich der Streben (71) mittels eines Knotenpunkts (32) in Form eines Stahldruckelements (6) miteinander verbunden sind. Parallel zu den Polygonseitenelementen (31) sind zwischen den einzelnen Streben (71) Longarinen (22) angeordnet, welche im Bereich der Knotenpunkte (32) als Druckverteilelemente (5) dienen. Als Baugrubenwand (21) dient eine Vielzahl an Spundelemente, welche an die Longarinen (22) angrenzen.

Fig. 4

zeigt beispielhaft verschiedene Ausführungsformen des Stahldruckelements (6) in Form eines Knotenpunkts (32, 32', 42), eines Keils (10) sowie in Form eines weiteren Verbindungselements. Das weitere Verbindungselement verbindet einen Seitenbereich eines Polygonseitenelements (31, 31', 41) oder eines Druckverteilelements (5) in Form einer Strebe (71) mit einem weiteren Stahlelement, insbesondere dem Ende eines Druckverteilelements (5) und somit typischerweise dem Ende einer Strebe. Die Stahldruckelemente (6) sind nur schemenhaft durch deren Umrisse dargestellt. Die Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) sind entweder mit einem Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) miteinander verbunden oder mit einem Drehgelenk (9) an einer Longarine (22) befestigt, wobei die Longarine (22) wiederum an der Baugrubenwand (21) - hier in Form einer Spundwand - angebracht ist. An den Knotenpunkten (32, 32', 42) sind zudem Druckverteilelemente (5) in Form von Streben angeordnet. Eine Strebe (5) ist beispielhaft ebenfalls über ein Drehgelenk (9) mit der Longarine (22) verbunden.

Fig. 5

zeigt beispielhaft einen Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) in Form eines vieleckigen Stahldruckelements (6) mit 5 Ecken. Im Inneren des Stahldruckelements (6) befinden sich Verstärkungselemente in Form von Passstücken (61), die von einem zentralen Stahldruckverteilelement (62) als Mittelteil sternförmig zu den Seiten des Stahldruckelements (6) führen. Dadurch weist der dargestellte Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) im inneren Teil Hohlstellen auf, was zu geringerem Materialbedarf führt und sich auch positiv im Transport solcher Knotenpunkte (32, 32', 42) auswirkt.
An zwei sich im Wesentlichen gegenüberliegenden Seiten des vieleckigen Stahldruckelements (6) sind Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) befestigt, wobei die Befestigung in der Regel mittels Verschweissen erfolgt. Dabei ist beispielhaft zwischen dem Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) und einem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) ein Keil (10) - schraffiert gezeichnet - angeordnet, um den Winkel zwischen den beiden Polygonseitenelementen (31, 31', 41) optimal einzustellen. Der Keil (10) kann beispielsweise ein-typischerweise vorgefertigter - massiver Metallkeil oder ein-typischerweise vor Ort gefertigter - Stahlkeil, d.h. ein Stahldruckelement (6), sein.
An einer weiteren Seite des Stahldruckelements (6) ist ein Druckverteilelement (5) in Form einer Strebe und an einer anderen Seite zwei Drehgelenke (9) angeordnet.
Der dargestellte Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) in Form eines vieleckigen Stahldruckelements (6) und die daran befestigten Elemente sind auf einem Montagetisch (11) angeordnet, welcher beispielhaft rund dargestellt ist.

Fig. 6

zeigt beispielhaft einen Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) in Form eines Stahldruckelements (6). An den zwei sich im Wesentlichen gegenüberliegenden grösseren Seiten des Stahldruckelements (6) sind Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) befestigt, an deren Enden rechtwinklig Druckverteilplatten (12) angeordnet sind. An der Aussenseite des Knotenpunkts (32, 32', 42) ist ein Druckverteilelement (5) in Form einer Strebe - typischerweise lediglich anhand der darauf wirkenden Kräfte - befestigt, wobei am Ende der Strebe ebenfalls rechtwinklig eine Druckverteilplatte (12) angeordnet ist.
Der dargestellte Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) in Form eines Stahldruckelements (6) umfassend das Stahldruckverteilelement (62) mit den Passstücken (61), welche das Stahldruckverteilelement (62) mit den Druckverteilplatten (12) verbinden. Analog Fig. 5 sind die einzelnen Elemente auf einem Montagetisch (11) angeordnet, welcher beispielhaft quadratisch dargestellt ist. Unterhalb des Montagetisches (11) ist ein Ständer (71) angedeutet, welcher die vertikalen Kräfte, u.a. des Stahldruckelements (6), aufnimmt.

Fig. 7

zeigt analog Fig. 6 beispielhaft einen Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) in Form eines Stahldruckelements (6) mit zwei Polygonseitenelementen (31, 31', 41) und einem Druckverteilelement (5) in Form einer Strebe, welche auf einem Montagetisch (11) - und dieser wiederum auf einem Ständer (71) - angeordnet ist. Die Passstücke (61) verbinden das Stahldruckverteilelement (62) mit den Druckverteilplatten (12).
Zwischen dem Stahldruckelement (6) und einem Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) mit Druckverteilplatte (12) ist ein Spannelement (8) mit zwei seitlichen Passstücken (81) dargestellt. Dazwischen ist ein Presselement gezeigt, mit welchem beispielhaft das Polygonseitenelement (31, 31', 41) und der Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) auseinander gepresst werden, um die Passstücke (81) einzusetzen. Das Presselement kann nach dem Einsetzten der Passstücke (81) wieder entfernt werden. Das Presselement und die Passstücke (81) grenzen vorteilhafterweise an eine Metallplatte, welche bei der Herstellung des Stahldruckelements (6) eingesetzt werden kann und somit Teil des Stahldruckelements (6) ist.

Fig. 8

zeigt beispielhaft eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Knotenpunkts (32, 32', 42) als Stahldruckelement (6) in Form eines Rohrs oder Zylinders, und somit als Stahldruckverteilelement (62). Dabei wird der Montagetisch (11) entweder mit einem Loch ausgestattet und von oben über den Ständer (71) geschoben und fixiert. Alternativ kann der Montagetisch (11) zwei- oder mehrteilig sein und von der Seite um den Ständer (71) zusammengebaut und fixiert, insbesondere angeschweisst, werden. Die an den Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) angrenzenden Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) sowie Druckverteilelemente (5) in Form von Streben weisen beispielhaft an deren Enden eine Druckverteilplatte (12) auf. Bei Bedarf können um das Rohr oder Zylinder die Druckverteilplatten (12) begrenzt und gegebenenfalls mittels Passstücken (61) aus Stahl miteinander verbunden werden, um die Stabilität des Knotenpunktes mit den daran angrenzenden Elementen (31, 31', 41, 5) zu erhöhen.

Fig. 9

zeigt beispielhaft eine seitliche Ansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Spriesssystems (1) im Bereich der vertikal angeordneten Baugrubenwand (21). Parallel dazu - freistehend innerhalb der Baugrube (2) - befindet sich ein Ständer (71), an welchem Montagetische (11) in regelmässigen Abständen befestigt sind. Darauf befinden sich Knotenpunkte (32, 32', 42), welche je zwei Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) verbinden. Die angrenzenden Druckverteilelemente (5) in Form von Streben sind nicht dargestellt. Die Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) führen von den Knotenpunkten (32, 32', 42) in Richtung der Longarinen (22), welche auf gleicher Höhe wie die Knotenpunkte (32, 32', 42) an der Baugrubenwand (21) befestigt sind. Dabei verbinden weitere Knotenpunkte (32, 32', 42) die Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) mit den Longarinen (22).
Durch diese Anordnung können auch sehr tiefe Baugruben mittels dem Spriesssystem (1) gesichert werden.

Fig. 10a

zeigt beispielhaft von oben ein Stahldruckelement (6) in Form eines Knotenpunkts (32, 32', 42) eines Polygons oder Polygonsegments (3, 3') des Spriesssystems (1) zur Absicherung der Baugrube (2) in oder an einem Gewässer. Der Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) in Form eines Stahldruckelements (6) ist schemenhaft angezeigt und verbindet zwei Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) miteinander. Zudem grenzt der Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) an die Longarinen (22), welche parallel zu den Polygonseitenelementen (31, 31', 41) am Ständer (71) befestigt sind. Dabei bilden die Enden der Longarinen (22) auch das Druckverteilelement (5), um die auf den Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) wirkenden Kräfte abzuführen. An den Longarinen (22) ist die Baugrubenwand (21) in Form von Spundelementen angebracht, um zu verhindern, dass das Wasser des Gewässers in die Baugrube (2) fliesst.

Fig. 10b

zeigt beispielhaft von der Seite in Form eines Stahldruckelements (6) einen Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) eines Polygons oder Polygonsegments (3, 3') des Spriesssystems (1) zur Absicherung der Baugrube (2) in oder an einem Gewässer. Der Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) liegt auf einem Montagetisch (11) auf, welcher wiederum auf einer seitlichen Halterung am Ständer (71) angebracht ist. Der Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) verbindet die Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) miteinander. Auf der Höhe des Knotenpunkts (32, 32', 42) sind auf beiden Seiten des Ständers (71) Longarinen (22) angebracht, welche wiederum - parallel zu den Polygonseitenelementen (31, 31', 41) an der Baugrubenwand (21) angebracht sind.

Fig. 11a

und Fig. 11b zeigen beispielhaft eine nicht-limitierende Ausführungsform eines Drehgelenks (9) mit - in dieser Darstellung - zwei Drehteilen, welche mit einem Bolzen verbunden sind. Das dargestellte Drehgelenk (9) eignet sich als Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42), um zwei Polygonseitenelemente (31, 31', 41) miteinander zu verbinden. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird das Drehgelenk (9) vorteilhafterweise anschliessend versteift, beispielsweise mittels Verschweissen.
Das Drehgelenk (9) eignet sich auch als Verbindungsstück zwischen i) Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) und Druckverteilelement (5), beispielsweise in Form von Streben, ii) Knotenpunkt (32, 32', 42) und Aufhängeträger (73) der Aufhängung (72), iii) Longarine (22) und Druckverteilelement (5), iv) Longarine (22) und Polygonseitenelementen (31, 31', 41), v) Baugrubenwand (21) und Aufhängeträger (73) der Aufhängung (72), und/oder vi) einem starren und massiven Bereich ausserhalb der Baugrube (2) und Aufhängeträger (73) der Aufhängung, d.h. Aufhängevorrichtung (72).

In the following, the present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following drawings and non-limiting, preferred embodiments of the spreader system (1) according to the invention, the spreader system (1) produced according to the invention and used according to the invention are shown. These are not to be interpreted restrictively and are understood as part of the description:

Fig. 1

shows an example of the spreader system (1) according to the invention, which is arranged in a construction pit (2) in the ground. The excavation wall (21) - for example a sheet pile wall - is provided, for example, with a longarine (22) to which the convex polygon or polygon segment (3) and two laterally arranged, outer polygon sections (4) of the spreader system (1) are attached. As a result, the pressure which the spreader system (1) exerts on the longarine (22) is distributed over a larger area of the construction pit wall (21). The two outer polygon sections (4), which outside of the convex polygon or Polygon segments (3) are arranged on the left and right side, help to additionally support the excavation pit (2), which is elongated in this illustration. The polygon or polygon segment (3) and the polygon sections (4) comprise a plurality of polygon side elements (31, 41) and nodes (32, 42), the nodes (32) - designed as steel pressure elements (6) - two polygon side elements (31) connect with each other and thereby form the corners of the polygon or polygon segment (3). The nodes (32, 42) are attached to or on stands (71) at the same level. At least one pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut is attached to each of the nodes (32, 42), the strut with the construction pit wall (21), with the longarine (22), with a node (42) of a polygonal section (4) , or another pressure distribution element (5), in particular a strut, is connected. The pressure distribution elements (5) serve to forward and distribute the pressure to which the polygon or polygon segment (3) is exposed. In addition, a suspension device (72) with a suspension bracket (73) is shown by way of example, a plurality of suspension brackets (73) often being used.
In the excavation pit (2) an excavator and a small dump truck are shown as an example to indicate the order of magnitude of an exemplary sprouting system (1) in the excavation pit (2) and the opening formed thereby.

Fig. 2

shows an example of a plan of another embodiment of the spreader system (1) according to the invention, which is arranged in a construction pit (2) in the ground with a construction pit wall (21) with longarine (22). In this illustration, the spreader system (1) comprises two lateral, symmetrically arranged convex polygons or Polygon segments (3) which are located to the left and right of a further, adjacent polygon (3 ') arranged in the middle. The corners of the polygons are formed by nodes (32, 32 '), the nodes (32, 32') - designed as steel pressure elements (6) - connecting two polygon side elements (31, 31 ') to one another. The nodes (32, 32 ') are arranged on or on stands (71) and are connected to a construction pit wall (21), a longarine (22), with a node (32') by means of a multiplicity of pressure distribution elements (5) such as struts other, neighboring polygon (3 '), a node (42) of a polygon section (4), or another pressure distribution element (5). With this spreader system (1) according to the invention, the excavation pit (2) not only has an optimal splitting and thus optimal stiffening, but also allows problem-free transport of large loads through the large openings in the interior of the polygons or polygon segments (3, 3 ') into the excavation (2) and out of it again. The construction work in the construction pit (2) is also hindered by significantly fewer stands or other elements compared to conventional projections.

Fig. 3

shows an example of the spreader system (1) according to the invention and produced according to the invention in the form of different polygon segments (3) arranged parallel one above the other to delimit the excavation (2) on a body of water, for example a lake. In this illustration, the ends of the polygon segments (3) are attached to concrete abutments on the bank in solid ground. The polygon segments (3) each have a large number of polygon side elements (31) which are connected to one another in the area of the struts (71) by means of a node (32) in the form of a steel pressure element (6). Parallel to the polygon side elements (31) are arranged between the individual struts (71) longarines (22), which serve as pressure distribution elements (5) in the area of the nodes (32). A large number of bung elements, which border the longarines (22), serve as the construction pit wall (21).

Fig. 4

shows by way of example various embodiments of the steel pressure element (6) in the form of a node (32, 32 ', 42), a wedge (10) and in the form of a further connecting element. The further connecting element connects a side area of a polygonal side element (31, 31 ', 41) or a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut (71) with another steel element, in particular the end of a pressure distribution element (5) and thus typically the end of a strut. The steel pressure elements (6) are only shown schematically by their outlines. The polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) are either connected to one another with a node (32, 32', 42) or attached to a longarine (22) with a swivel joint (9), the longarine (22) in turn on the excavation wall (21) - here in the form of a sheet pile wall - is attached. Pressure distribution elements (5) in the form of struts are also arranged at the nodes (32, 32 ', 42). A strut (5) is, for example, also connected to the longarine (22) via a swivel joint (9).

Fig. 5

shows an example of a node (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a polygonal steel pressure element (6) with 5 corners. Inside the steel pressure element (6) there are reinforcing elements in the form of fitting pieces (61) which lead from a central steel pressure distribution element (62) as a central part in a star shape to the sides of the steel pressure element (6). As a result, the illustrated node (32, 32 ', 42) has hollow points in the inner part on, which leads to lower material requirements and also has a positive effect on the transport of such nodes (32, 32 ', 42).
Polygonal side elements (31, 31 ', 41) are attached to two essentially opposite sides of the polygonal steel pressure element (6), the attachment usually being carried out by means of welding. Here, for example, a wedge (10) - shown hatched - is arranged between the node (32, 32 ', 42) and a polygon side element (31, 31', 41) in order to avoid the angle between the two polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41 ) to be optimally adjusted. The wedge (10) can, for example, be a — typically prefabricated — solid metal wedge or a steel wedge — typically manufactured on site, ie a steel pressure element (6).
A pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut is arranged on another side of the steel pressure element (6) and two swivel joints (9) are arranged on another side.
The node (32, 32 ', 42) shown in the form of a polygonal steel pressure element (6) and the elements attached to it are arranged on an assembly table (11), which is shown round as an example.

Fig. 6

shows an example of a node (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a steel pressure element (6). On the two essentially opposite larger sides of the steel pressure element (6), polygonal side elements (31, 31 ', 41) are attached, at the ends of which pressure distribution plates (12) are arranged at right angles. A pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut is attached to the outside of the node (32, 32 ', 42) - typically only based on the forces acting on it - with a pressure distribution plate (12) also being arranged at right angles at the end of the strut.
The illustrated node (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a steel pressure element (6) comprising the steel pressure distribution element (62) with the fitting pieces (61) which connect the steel pressure distribution element (62) to the pressure distribution plates (12). Analogue Fig. 5 the individual elements are arranged on an assembly table (11), which is shown as an example as a square. Below the assembly table (11), a stand (71) is indicated, which absorbs the vertical forces, including the steel pressure element (6).

Fig. 7

shows analog Fig. 6 for example a node (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a steel pressure element (6) with two polygonal side elements (31, 31', 41) and a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut, which is on an assembly table (11) - and this in turn on a stand (71) - is arranged. The fitting pieces (61) connect the steel pressure distribution element (62) to the pressure distribution plates (12).
A tensioning element (8) with two lateral fitting pieces (81) is shown between the steel pressure element (6) and a polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) with pressure distribution plate (12). In between, a pressing element is shown with which, for example, the polygon side element (31, 31 ', 41) and the node (32, 32', 42) are pressed apart in order to insert the fitting pieces (81). The pressing element can be removed again after the fitting pieces (81) have been inserted. The pressing element and the fitting pieces (81) advantageously adjoin a metal plate which can be used in the production of the steel pressure element (6) and is thus part of the steel pressure element (6).

Fig. 8

shows an example of a further embodiment of a node (32, 32 ', 42) as a steel pressure element (6) in the form of a tube or Cylinder, and thus as a steel pressure distribution element (62). The assembly table (11) is either equipped with a hole and pushed over the stand (71) from above and fixed. Alternatively, the assembly table (11) can be in two or more parts and assembled and fixed, in particular welded, from the side around the stand (71). The polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) adjoining the node (32, 32', 42) and pressure distribution elements (5) in the form of struts have, for example, a pressure distribution plate (12) at their ends. If necessary, the pressure distribution plates (12) can be limited around the pipe or cylinder and, if necessary, connected to one another by means of fitting pieces (61) made of steel in order to increase the stability of the junction with the elements (31, 31 ', 41, 5) adjoining it.

Fig. 9

shows an example of a side view of a spreader system (1) according to the invention in the area of the vertically arranged construction pit wall (21). Parallel to this - free-standing within the construction pit (2) - there is a stand (71) to which assembly tables (11) are attached at regular intervals. There are nodes (32, 32 ', 42) thereon, which each connect two polygon side elements (31, 31', 41). The adjoining pressure distribution elements (5) in the form of struts are not shown. The polygon side elements (31, 31 ', 41) lead from the nodes (32, 32', 42) in the direction of the longarines (22), which are at the same height as the nodes (32, 32 ', 42) on the excavation wall (21 ) are attached. Further nodes (32, 32 ', 42) connect the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) with the longarines (22).
With this arrangement, very deep construction pits can also be secured by means of the spreader system (1).

Figure 10a

shows an example of a steel pressure element (6) from above in the form of a node (32, 32 ', 42) of a polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') of the spreader system (1) for securing the excavation (2) in or on a body of water. The node (32, 32 ', 42) in the form of a steel pressure element (6) is shown schematically and connects two polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) with one another. In addition, the node (32, 32 ', 42) adjoins the longarines (22), which are attached to the stand (71) parallel to the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41). The ends of the longarines (22) also form the pressure distribution element (5) in order to dissipate the forces acting on the node (32, 32 ', 42). The construction pit wall (21) in the form of sheet piling elements is attached to the longarines (22) to prevent the water from flowing into the construction pit (2).

Figure 10b

shows an example from the side in the form of a steel pressure element (6) a node (32, 32 ', 42) of a polygon or polygon segment (3, 3') of the spreader system (1) to secure the excavation (2) in or on a body of water. The node (32, 32 ', 42) rests on an assembly table (11), which in turn is attached to a lateral holder on the stand (71). The node (32, 32 ', 42) connects the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) with one another. At the height of the node (32, 32 ', 42) on both sides of the stand (71) longarines (22) are attached, which in turn - attached to the construction pit wall (21) parallel to the polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) are.

Figure 11a

and Figure 11b show an example of a non-limiting embodiment of a swivel joint (9) with - in this illustration - two rotating parts which are connected by a bolt. That The swivel joint (9) shown is suitable as a node (32, 32 ', 42) to connect two polygon side elements (31, 31', 41) to one another. In this embodiment, the swivel joint (9) is advantageously then stiffened, for example by means of welding.
The swivel joint (9) is also suitable as a connecting piece between i) node (32, 32 ', 42) and pressure distribution element (5), for example in the form of struts, ii) node (32, 32', 42) and suspension beam (73) the suspension (72), iii) longarine (22) and pressure distribution element (5), iv) longarine (22) and polygonal side elements (31, 31 ', 41), v) construction pit wall (21) and suspension beam (73) of the suspension (72 ), and / or vi) a rigid and solid area outside the construction pit (2) and suspension support (73) of the suspension, ie suspension device (72).

Claims (15)

1. Bracing system (1) for the reinforcement of excavation pits (2) with minimal hindrance in the excavation area of the excavation pit due to the reinforcement, whereby a large contiguous opening of the excavation pit can be produced for the vertical transport of loads, wherein the bracing system comprises at least one bracing in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment with sides and corners (3), at least one polygon side element (31) made of steel and at least one other steel element, characterized in that the bracing system also comprises at least one steel pressure element (6) in the form of a connecting element made of steel with an assembly table (11), wherein the assembly table is a planar surface, onto which elements of the bracing system can be placed.
2. Bracing system (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one other steel element is a polygon side element (31), a lateral pressure distribution element (5), a part of an excavation-pit wall (21) or a horizontal pile (22), and/or a junction (32) in the form of a polygon steel pressure element (6) with at least three corners.
3. Bracing system (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bracing in the form of a convex polygon or polygon segment (3) comprises at least one junction (32), at least one lateral pressure distribution element (5), a fixing device (7), comprising at least one stator (71) and /or a suspension device (72), and, where applicable, comprises a swivel joint (9) and/or a wedge (10), wherein the junction (32) and/or the wedge (10) can also be designed as a steel pressure element (6).
4. Bracing system (1) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the polygon or polygon segment (3) comprises at least one clamping element (8) with a fitting (81) and thus has a tension, wherein the clamping element (8) with the fitting (81) is preferably arranged between a polygon side element (31) and a junction (32).
5. Bracing system (1) according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that

   - the sides of the convex polygon or polygon segment (3) are formed by polygon side elements (31) and, where applicable, by at least part of an excavation wall (21) of the excavation pit (2) and/or at least part of a horizontal pile (22) attached to the excavation-pit wall (21), and

   - the corners of the convex polygon or polygon segment (3) are formed by junctions (32), wherein the junctions (32) are in the form of a steel pressure element (6), a polygonal steel element with at least three, in particular, at least four corners, and/or a swivel joint (9), wherein the junctions (32) are preferably arranged on an assembly table (11), wherein the assembly table (11) is attached to the fixing device (7), in particular, to a stator (71).
6. Bracing system (1) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bracing system (1) also comprises a convex polygon or polygon segment (3) adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3') with at least two polygon side elements (31') made of steel and at least one junction (32') and/or an outer polygon section (4) with at least two polygon side elements (41) made of steel and at least one junction (42).
7. Bracing system (1) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the steel pressure element (6) is arranged on the assembly table (11) and the steel pressure element (6) connects a polygon side element (31) to at least one other steel element of the polygon or polygon segment (3).
8. Bracing system (1) according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the steel pressure element (6)

   (i) is a junction (32) and connects two polygon side elements (31) and at least one lateral pressure distribution element (5) with one another,

   ii) is a wedge (10) and connects a polygon side element (31) to a junction (32) in the form of a polygonal steel pressure element (6) with at least three corners, and/or

   (iii) connects a side area of a polygon side element (31) or a pressure distribution element (5) in the form of a strut to another steel element, in particular, the end of a pressure distribution element (5).
9. Bracing system (1) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ends, which are adjacent to the steel pressure element (6), of the at least one polygon side element (31) and/or the at least one lateral pressure distribution element (5) comprise a pressure distribution plate (12) which can serve as a lateral surface in the production of the steel pressure element (6).
10. Method for producing a bracing system (1) according to at least one of the Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that

    (a) the end or a side area of at least one polygon side element (31) and at least one other steel element and/or the end of at least one other steel element are placed on the assembly table (11),

    (b) and if

    - the other steel element is a steel pressure element (6) and thus a junction (32); the polygon side element (31) and the steel pressure element (6) are connected to one another, or

    - the other steel element is not a steel pressure element (6), between the polygon side element (31) and the at least one other steel element, a steel pressure element (6) is created by arranging at least one fitting (61) and/or a steel pressure distribution element (62) between the polygon side element (31) and the at least one further steel element and, in this way, thereby obtaining a steel pressure element (6).
11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the excavation pit (2) of the bracing system (1) is an excavation pit (2) within solid ground and, for the production of the bracing system (1), additionally

    - at least one excavation-pit wall (21) of the excavation pit (2) is created and, preferably, the excavation pit (2) is excavated at least partially,

    - the fixing device (7) comprising stators (71) and/or the suspension device (72) is/are arranged,

    - assembly tables (11) are attached to the fixing device (7),

    - polygon side elements (31) and pressure distribution elements (5) are arranged on assembly tables (11) so that the ends of the polygon side elements (31) and the ends of the pressure distribution elements (5) each connect two assembly tables (11) to one another or connect an assembly table (11) to the excavation-pit wall (21),

    - the polygon side elements (31) and pressure distribution elements (5) connect to each other by means of junctions (32), wherein the junctions (32) are designed or formed as steel pressure elements (6), and

    - the excavation pit (2) is excavated, wherein one or a plurality of lower-lying polygons or polygon segments (3) are created where applicable.
12. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the excavation pit (2) of the bracing system (1) is an excavation pit (2) in or on bodies of water and, for the production of the bracing system (1), additionally

    - at least one stator (71) is rammed into the ground,

    - then, preferably, a lateral mount is fixed into place for accommodating an assembly table (11) on the at least one stator (71),

    - an assembly table (11) is attached to the lateral mount attached to the stator (71), wherein the assembly tables (11) are attached at the same horizontal level for a plurality of assembly tables (11),

    - one end of two polygon side elements (31), wherein applicable, with pressure distribution plate (12), and a junction (32) in the form of a steel pressure element (6) is respectively placed on the assembly table (11), or one end of two polygon side elements (31), where applicable, with pressure panel (12), is placed on the assembly table (11), and a junction (32) in the form of a steel pressure element (6) is created between the polygon side elements (31) by means of a steel pressure distribution element (62),

    - the polygon side elements (31) and the steel pressure element (6) or the steel pressure distribution element (62) are connected to one another,

    - at least two horizontal piles (22) are attached to at least one stator (71) and to another fixing element respectively, wherein the fixing element is a stator (71) or an abutment outside the body of water,

    - the excavation-pit wall (21) is created, in particular, in the form of a sheet-pile wall, wherein the excavation pit wall (21) is arranged on the side of the horizontal piles (22) opposite the polygon side elements (31), and

    - the water in the excavation pit (2) is pumped out.
13. Method according to at least one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the polygon or polygon segment (3) is clamped and remains clamped by means of an inserted clamping element (8), wherein, preferably,

    - a junction (32) and a polygon side element (31) are pressed apart by means of a hydraulic press, whereby a press recess is kept at a distance X,

    - at least two fittings (81) are provided, the fittings (81) are spacers in the form of steel plates of the length X or metal wedges, wherein the metal wedges can be wedged against each other in the press recess,

    - the fittings (81) are inserted into the press recess, wherein the fittings (81) are preferably welded to the adjacent steel elements, and

    - the fittings (81) are inserted into the press recess and welded to the adjacent steel elements, and

    - before or after welding the fittings (81), the pressing force is reduced, and the press is expanded.
14. Method according to at least one of Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that a polygon or polygon segment (3) adjacent to the polygon or polygon segment (3') with at least two polygon side elements (31') made of steel and at least one junction (32') and/or an outer polygon section (4) with at least two polygon side elements (41) made of steel and at least one junction (42) is added to the bracing system (1) to optimally reinforce the excavation pit (2).
15. Use of the bracing system (1) according to at least one of Claims 1 to 9 and obtained according to at least one of Claims 10 to 13 for the bracing of excavation pits (2), wherein the excavation-pit wall (21) of the excavation pit (2) is a provisional demarcation to the ground and/or to a body of water, and/or, in order to obtain a minimal hindrance in the excavation area of the excavation pit (2), in particular, a minimal hindrance in the construction and ancillary works in the excavation pit (2) by means of the bracing system (1) .

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