EP2977529A1 - Single foundation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a point foundation (16) for the founding of structures, in particular residential and / or functional buildings as well as for foundation and storage, preferably for the temporary foundation or storage of individual columns, beams or pillars, such as traffic signs, antenna or radio masts or flagpoles. The invention is characterized in that the point foundation (16) is composed of a plurality of prefabricated and preferably manually manageable sub-elements (30) and is at least partially covered in the installed state with soil material or soil.

Description

The invention relates to a point foundation for the founding of residential and / or functional buildings such as office or factory buildings, as well as traffic signs, such as street signs or flagpoles or the like.

The dot foundation is characterized by great flexibility and transportability as well as the possibility of dismantling, so that the point foundation is suitable for a micro-invasive design.

STATE OF THE ART

From the prior art foundations are known, which are characterized by a different degree of interference in the building land and the landscape and make different demands on a redesign of the ground and the effort to produce the foundation.

In the case of a larger development with several building units, it is intended to handle the natural conditions in a sensitive and gentle manner despite the building mass during the realization. From a geological point of view, a critical subsoil, such as tuberous marl layers that are at risk of collapse, can become unstable due to interventions in the subsoil and an economically viable foundation solution must be reconsidered. Conventional foundation solutions stand for costly subsoil investigations in advance of planning and a costly effort to establish a stable foundation level, as they distribute the loads to be removed mostly on a large part of the available land area and seal them thereby. The degree of surface sealing influences the heat balance of a city area.

In addition, there is the problem that the introduction of foundations in a subsoil entails a permanent introduction of a one-piece, unmanageable and hardly removable block. The removal / dismantling of a foundation is only possible by heavy machine use, so that even when demolishing the building, the foundation is left in the ground and continue to be an irreversible interference with the Representing natural landscape. In addition, the built-up building material can not be reused sustainably.

The design of the foundation by point foundations is essential for a micro-invasive intervention in the ground. As a rule, a steel reinforcement is placed in a shuttering in a spatially limited excavation and poured out the formwork with concrete mass. Such reinforced concrete point foundations can not or only with great effort removed or removed without residue. Thus, it is an object of the invention to propose a point foundation, which can be easily and inexpensively built and residue-free dismantled and reused.

These above problems are solved by a dot foundation according to claim 1. Advantageous developments are shown in the subclaims.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, a point foundation for the foundation of structures, in particular residential and / or functional buildings as well as for foundation and storage, preferably for the temporary foundation or storage of individual supports, carriers or columns, such as traffic signs, antenna or radio masts or flagpoles proposed.

The invention is characterized in that the point foundation is composed of a plurality of prefabricated and preferably manually manageable sub-elements and in the installed state is at least partially covered with soil material.

Thus, completely residue-free degradable and simple and inexpensive prefabricated producible point foundation structures are proposed which ensure a flexible use and a resource-saving use of building materials. For this purpose, a point foundation is proposed that comprises a composite of individual sub-elements which are pressure-resistant and tensile loadable connectable by means of connecting elements. As a result, individual sub-elements and fasteners can be prefabricated and assembled at the site to point foundations. This allows a high degree of prefabrication and fast, low-cost and easy installation on the construction site. The tele elements are preferably handleable and have a single weight between 20 kg to 60 kg, in any case less than 150 kg and in no case more than 300 kg, so that they can be transported and assembled without heavy equipment and possibly by hand to the ground. This can be done without the use Cranes or trucks on a soft ground a stable foundation formed and removed without residue.

An advantageous use of such Punktfundamente has already been in the EP 2 826 925 A and in the DE 20 2015 101 636 A illustrated by the example of a long-axis building complex with brick wall and a micro-invasive, temporarily deployable building complex.

So will in the priority-building EP 2 826 925 A , which by reference is to be included in this disclosure, proposed a building complex built over the ground. By using a minimum necessary number of point foundations only very limited selective soil exploration and Erdaushubarbeiten needed, which brings a very high cost savings. The use of a framework such as a steel frame or wooden structure serves as load-distributing level and ensures the uniform discharge of all loads directly into the point foundations. The vertical masonry wall connects all modules / building units non-positively and takes over essential static and stabilizing functions and also serves as a central medium for all supply and disposal systems. Here, too, is thus dispensed with a excavation, which significantly minimizes the development costs of the property, in particular per building unit. Likewise, the total costs of building services are significantly reduced.

As a result, a minimally invasive building structure is achieved, which achieves a minimization of construction-related environmental impacts while preserving design and architectural quality standards. The beneficial effects of the building complex in the EP 2 826 925 A are realistically independent of the terrain and the environment, both in flat and steep and difficult to build ground conditions. This achieves a significant cost savings, especially for foundation and home technology while minimizing the necessary interference with the natural environment and largely omitting earthworks for development, foundation and soil sealing. Due to the defined distance between the subsoil and the building bottom, a flood protection and flood protection is ensured, so that a development of flood-prone areas is possible, as it is a design like that of the city of Venice with all the known advantages. Especially in construction areas near the sea with grounds near or below sea level, as they occur, for example, in the Netherlands and Denmark, such a building complex allows a development and use of living space, which could be developed with conventional construction techniques only at great expense. Furthermore, this construction principle allows one Development in marshy or water-flooded areas, as well as a development or partial development of lakes, rivers or ocean areas, wherein at least a subset of the point elements are in the water or swampy ground.

In the further priority-building DE 20 2015 101 636 A , which is to be incorporated by reference in this disclosure, the application of such point foundations is proposed based on a building complex comprising a plurality of matrix-like point foundations, a floor slab and interior walls, false ceilings and a roof. The floor slab is formed by a grid of cross beams resting on the point foundations. The bottom plate is formed by placing or hanging floor element plates on the support base.

The use of a crossbeam network as a load-distributing level ensures the uniform discharge of all loads directly into the point foundations. The floor element panels are placed on the grid network of cross members and / or hung and are then bolted together. In this way tolerances can be better compensated, especially for large building dimensions.

There is no earth excavation, which significantly minimizes the development costs of the property, in particular per building unit. Likewise, the total costs of building services are significantly reduced. As a result, a minimally invasive building structure is achieved, which achieves a minimization of construction-related environmental impacts while preserving design and architectural quality standards. The advantageous effects of the building complex according to the invention can be achieved in a manner that is independent of real estate and the environment, both in flat and steep and difficult to build ground conditions. Such an embodiment achieved as well as in the EP 2 826 925 A a considerable cost saving, in particular for the foundation and building services while minimizing the necessary interventions in the natural environment and largely omitting earthworks for development, foundation and soil sealing.

The proposed complex from the DE 20 2015 101 636 A "Floats" on a few feet above the grown ground. As a result, the loads of a single building can also be distributed to the point foundations by means of the crossbeam network. The costs and the time required to set up the founding level are thus significantly reduced and the intervention in the evolved environment is relatively small. The excavation for the point foundations can also be made with lighter equipment. The subsoil investigations concentrate on few foundation points and the Dimensioning of the foundation body is based on the pinpoint requirements that are placed on each individual foundation.

The sub-elements may preferably be made of concrete, stone or other mineral material or metal, preferably structural steel. Thus, the sub-elements of the point foundations can be regularly produced as concrete-cast and steel-reinforced components. With regard to a high degree of prefabrication, a simple assembly even in difficult terrain or difficult accessibility with construction vehicles, it is advantageous that at least individual point foundations from a plurality of prefabricated and preferably manually manageable sub-elements are assembled. The sub-elements may e.g. individual concrete parts whose weight is, for example, less than 300 kg, preferably less than 150 kg, and should not exceed this for manual processing. The sub-elements should be shaped so that they can be assembled into large foundation complexes and assembled, for example, by means of releasable connection means such as screw connections, hook connections, etc. As a result, the building material for the point foundations according to the invention can be prefabricated and brought with human strength to difficult to reach ground. Due to a modular design of the point foundations, these can be dimensioned according to requirements.

In an advantageous embodiment, a point foundation comprises an insulated concrete foundation body in the ground and a vertical column projecting from the ground surface, the length of which is height-adjustable to compensate for unevenness in the ground. The Höhenveränderlichkeit can be achieved for example by a screw thread or a telescopic linkage, wherein at least one foundation cross member can be attached to the upper end of the support column. Due to the vertical support column, which may have a round or square cross-section, the cross members, which usually rest on at least two point foundations, be aligned in a horizontal position. It can also be achieved that all cross member of the building complex lie on a horizontal plane, so that an uneven ground can be compensated.

Preferably, the sub-elements of the Punktfundaments are shaped as cuboid blocks, preferably as concrete or stone blocks having a weight of 300 kg or less, in particular of 150 kg or less. The top and bottom of the dot foundations can advantageously be parallel to each other, the basic circumferential shape can preferably rectangular, square, polygonal with 5 or more corners, preferably with symmetrical circumferential symmetry or be formed round. An elliptical peripheral shape of the sub-elements is conceivable. Advantageously, may have a weight of 20 kg to 60 kg for a manual production of a Punktfundaments. Such sub-elements can be relatively easily transported and, if necessary, manually transport and assemble in impassable subsoil. The sub-elements may have a rectangular, square or even (part) rounded outer contour.

In an advantageous embodiment of the point foundation, the surface of the sub-elements have recesses or interventions for mutual engagement. As a result, the sub-elements can be interlocked, so that a relative displacement is prevented by positive locking each other. Thus, a lego-like interlocking of recesses and highlights is conceivable, or complementary shaped surfaces, corners or edges of the sub-elements, so that a page-pressure and vertical printing capability is improved.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the point foundation, the connecting elements can be designed as brackets, bands or connecting rods. Thus, the sub-elements can be clamped together, connected by circulating belts or tied together or by means of connecting rods, which are guided by connecting channels of the sub-elements, with each other.

In an improved embodiment of the connecting elements of the point foundation, the connecting rods are designed as threaded rods having at least at their axial ends a threaded portion on which a pressing element, such as a nut with washer, locking elements or the like are screwed or pushed. As a result, different connection lengths can be achieved, and an adjustable pressure between the levels of the sub-elements can be adjusted.

It is furthermore conceivable that the connecting elements not only connect or press together partial elements of different vertical planes of the dot foundation, but also connect or press together adjacent partial elements in a horizontal plane.

In a further improved embodiment of the aforementioned Punktfundaments a plurality of connecting channels, in particular one or more sets of connecting channels are provided in the sub-elements in order to connect various sub-elements together. Thus, a type of sub-elements may be formed as base elements, which are arranged in the lower part of a excavation and with each other can be connected. This may be followed by transition elements, which include a connection possibility with the base elements by means of a set of connection channels and a connection possibility with column elements by means of a further set of connection channels. The associated column members have just this further set of connecting channels to be connected to each other to build a projecting from the ground pillar, and which are connected to the transition elements. The transition element thus acts as an adapter element between connecting elements of the base elements and the column elements. It is conceivable that the connecting elements of the base elements are formed the same as the connecting elements of the column elements in order to keep the number of required element types small. However, the connecting elements of the base elements and the connecting elements of the column elements may also be structurally different.

Are connecting elements provided in the sub-elements, it may be advantageous that at the surface-side end of the connecting elements a sinking pot is provided in the form of a recess in the pressing elements such as threaded screws, locking means can be sunk. Thus, no pressing elements protrude over the surface of the sub-elements, so that a plurality of sub-elements can be stacked on top of each other, wherein the sub-elements are pressed against each other or screwed without disturbing the Verpresselemente used. In this way, a surface-adjacent connection of the sub-elements can be achieved and a compact point foundation can be created.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the sub-elements of the point foundations may comprise at least one mounting hook. By attaching a mounting hook on a sub-element, the individual sub-elements can be offset easily and comfortably. In addition, the risk of tilting of the sub-elements of the point foundations during construction and dismantling of the point foundations is minimized.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the sub-elements of the point foundations may comprise at least one mounting hook, which is arranged centrally in the respective sub-element of the point foundation. Due to the centric arrangement of a mounting hook, the individual sub-element can be optimally balanced, whereby tilting of the sub-elements hardly occurs during the construction of the dot foundations.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the sub-elements of the point foundations may comprise at least one mounting hook, which is temporarily attachable and detachable. As a result, the mounting hook is not a disturbing element in the built-up state of a point foundation. The sub-elements of the point foundations can therefore continue to be flexibly stacked or mounted on top of each other.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the sub-elements of the point foundations may comprise at least one mounting hook, which is attached via a screw-in with an internal thread. This allows optimal hold of the mounting hook for transport or adjustment in the construction of the individual sub-elements and a simple disassembly of the mounting hook after settling of the individual sub-elements.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the sub-elements of the point foundations may comprise at least one mounting hook, which is attached via a screw-in, which is preferably designed as a plastic sleeve.

In an advantageous development of the point foundations, the sub-elements are connected to each other in steps or pyramids. As a result, a pressure distribution is improved and the lateral pressure load capacity is increased. If connecting rods are used as connecting elements, it is advisable to insert in the outer regions of the dot foundations relatively short connecting rods, which are e.g. can connect two stacked sub-elements. In an inner, near-center area of the point foundation, relatively long connecting rods can be used, which connect three or more stacked sub-elements uniformly. It is conceivable that one or more centrally arranged connection rods have the total height of the point foundation with attached foundation column.

In an advantageous embodiment, the point foundations may comprise a one-piece base plate, which may for example be a steel or concrete slab, and which forms the lowest level of the point foundations. This allows an evenly distributed pressure distribution and prevents one-sided sagging of the point foundation.

DRAWINGS

Further advantages result from the present description of the drawing. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing, the Description and claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung des Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Punktfundaments aus Teilelementen;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Darstellung des Abbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Punktfundaments aus Teilelementen;

Fig. 3

eine schematische Dreitafeldarstellungen verschiedener Teilelemente zum Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Punktfundaments nach Fig. 1 oder 2;

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung des allgemeinen Aufbaus eines erfindungsgemäßen Punktfundaments für einen einzelnen Montageschritt mit Montagehaken in einem Teilelement;

Fig. 5

eine schematische Schnittdarstellungen des Aufbaus eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Punktfundaments mit einem Gebäudekomplex;

Fig. 6

eine schematische Schnittdarstellungen des Rückbaus eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Punktfundaments mit einem Gebäudekomplex.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of the structure of a point foundation according to the invention of sub-elements;

Fig. 2

a schematic representation of the degradation of a point foundation according to the invention of sub-elements;

Fig. 3

a schematic three-dimensional representations of various sub-elements for the construction of a point foundation according to the invention Fig. 1 or 2 ;

Fig. 4

a schematic representation of the general structure of a point foundation according to the invention for a single assembly step with mounting hooks in a sub-element;

Fig. 5

a schematic sectional view of the construction of an embodiment of a point foundation according to the invention with a building complex;

Fig. 6

a schematic sectional view of the dismantling of an embodiment of a point foundation according to the invention with a building complex.

In the Figs. 1 and 2 are an assembly and a mining method of a point foundation 16 with sub-elements 30 shown. First, as shown in part 1, a spatially limited excavation 48 buried in a ground 46. The excavation has a low volume of less than 10 tons, in particular less than 5 tons, preferably less than 2 tons, so that the overburden can be distributed in terms of area or produced and dissipated with little effort. Thereafter, a relatively thin bottom member 88 is inserted as a one-piece concrete slab that covers the bottom of the excavation 48. In many cases, the bottom element 88 can be dispensed with. After Part 2, a first level of cuboid concrete elements is introduced as base elements 82. Each base member 82 has a plurality of connecting channels 76 through which connecting elements 72 are inserted as threaded connecting rods 74. The threaded connecting rods 74 are axially secured by means of compression elements 80 as threaded nuts in a sunk pot 78 of the connecting channel 76 against tensile load. Each outer connecting rods 74 have the length for connecting two stacked Base elements 82 on. Inner tie bars 74 have a length for connecting three stacked pedestals 82 and two stacked pedestals 82 and a transition element 84, respectively. As a result, a pyramid-like vertical structure of the dot foundation 16 is achieved.

In the further assembly step according to drawing 3, a second series of base elements 74 is pushed onto the connecting rods 74 and placed on the first row of base elements 74. After this, after sub-image 4, a transition element 84 is pushed onto the inner, longer connecting rods 74 and defines a third element plane of the point foundation 16. The outer tie rods 74 are bolted to press the first and second planes of the base members 82 together. The transition element 84 forms an adapter between the connecting elements 72 of the base elements 82 and the connecting elements 72 of the column elements 86. The connecting elements 72 form connecting rods 76, wherein the connecting rods 76 through connecting channels 76, i. Through holes in the cuboid concrete moldings of the base, transition and column elements 82, 84 and 86 are performed. These are screwed at the axial ends by means of compression elements 80 designed as threaded nuts in order to press together the partial-element levels of the point foundation 16. The connection channels 76 of the pillar elements 86 are concentrically centered, while the connection channels 76 of the base elements 82 are located away from the center of the point foundation 16.

In the last two illustrations 5 & 6, the application of a first and second plane of pillar elements 86 to the pillar tie rods 74 is illustrated. The uppermost pillar element 86 is not pressed or screwed in relation to the lower partial elements 30, since only pressure elements and no tension elements have to be accommodated. Thus, the connecting rods 74 guide and fix the column members 86 against longitudinal slippage. However, it is conceivable to press the column elements 86 against each other to absorb tensile forces.

In the Fig. 2 is according to the representation of Fig. 1 a deconstruction of a point foundation 16 from individual elements 40 shown. The description of the individual partial images corresponds in reverse order to the description of Fig. 1 , whereby a simple and complete dismantling of the point foundation 16 is made possible, so that no building remains in the ground 46 remain.

In the Figs. 3a, 3b and 3c In three-page views, the structure of the base elements 82, adapter elements 84 and column elements 86 are shown.

In Fig. 3 a socket element 82 is shown in plan view, side and front view. The base elements 82 are configured in a cuboid shape with a square bottom surface, and have four connecting channels 76 as through holes in a square arrangement. The connecting channels 76 terminate on both sides in immersion pots 78 as depressions that can receive and sink pressing elements 80, for example threaded nuts or locking clamps, so that the top and bottom of the base elements 82 remain flat and surface adjacent base elements 82 can be stacked on each other.

In the Fig. 3b Similarly, a transition member 84 is shown that has two associated sets of connecting channels 74, which are also arranged square and concentric with each other. The first, radially outer set of connecting channels 74 is arranged corresponding to the connecting channels 74 of the base member 82 and the second, radially inner set of connecting channels 74 is corresponding to the connecting channels 74 of the column member 86 in FIG Fig. 3c arranged. The first set of connection channels 74 has recessed pits 78 on top of the transition member 84. On the opposite underside of the transition element 84 are arranged Verenkungstöpfe 78 for the second set of connecting channels 76, so that the transition element 84 serves as an adapter element for oppositely directed arrangement of the base connecting elements 72 and the column connecting elements 72.

In Fig. 3c a column member 86 is shown, which protrudes from the excavation 48 and on which a building part touches down and in the basic structure of the base member 82 of Fig. 3a like. In this embodiment, no immersion pots 78 are provided, but these can be advantageously provided to allow a mutual compression of the column elements and in particular to improve a tensile strength of the foundation pillar. The pillar elements 86 may have footprints of 50 cm x 50 cm or less, while the base elements 82 may have dimensions of between 300 cm x 300 cm, 150 cm x 150 cm, and 80 cm x 80 cm.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of the general structure of the point foundation for a single assembly step. In the illustrated assembly step, the introduction of the fourth sub-element 30 is carried out with a mounting hook 100. The mounting hook 100 is arranged centrally in the sub-element 30. After discontinuing the partial element 30 in his final position of the mounting hook 100 can be removed, in particular unscrewed, so that a further sub-element 30 can be placed above. The mounting hook 100 is in this case screwed via an internal thread 104 in a push-in sleeve 102 releasably in a sub-element. Such a single point foundation can be used, for example, for a single mast, a girder or a support such as a traffic sign or a radio mast.

In the Figs. 5 and 6 are gradually a construction and removal process of an embodiment of a building complex with point foundations shown.

Fig. 5 shows construction steps and Fig. 6 shows dismantling steps. When building a complex of buildings Fig. 5 46 excavations 48 are made for point foundations 16 first in the ground. Due to the small size of the point foundations 16, these lifts 48 can be made with light construction equipment or possibly by hand.

Thereafter, concrete sub-elements 30 are assembled in the excavations 48 to point foundations 16.

In the point foundations 16, a vertical column 32 is used with a connection point for cross member 14. Alternatively, the point foundations 16 can be poured in one piece and the cross member 14 can be cast with.

In the next step 32 transverse beams 14 are placed on the vertical columns, which serve as the basis and stabilize the stabilization of a wall to be built wall 12. Between the cross members 14 wall plate side members 50 are set as a pedestal and also higher-mounted cross braces 54 of the wall plate 12, which may extend parallel and horizontal, for example, in one or more height levels, but can also extend in stages to track a height profile of the ground 46 or form recesses below the building complex 10, for example, for car parking spaces, passage areas or the like.

After assembly of the longitudinal member 50, vertical beams 52 and, in the subsequent steps, further planes of horizontal beams 54 for the construction of the framework 36 are connected to one another. The connection can be designed as a welded connection, screw connection, etc. detachable or non-detachable to form a steel support frame 36. Individual frame 36 may be prefabricated and assembled on the construction site on the cross members 14. The beams 14, 50, 52, 54 are preferably made of steel but may be made of wood or other suitable materials and may be preferred have a T-profile, double-T or rectangular profile. After completion of the framework 36 this can be lined or filled. It is conceivable that the frame framework 36 is cast in a concrete shell, wherein fastening means for fastening building units 18 are provided on the frame structure 36. Alternatively or in sections, the frame framework 36 can be bricked out, or be clad only with structural panels. In the framework 36 supply and sewage strands 22, 24 and electrical wiring, hot water pipes, etc. can be provided and installed at defined connection points for the installation of building units 18.

It is conceivable and advantageous to manufacture the cross beams 14 and wall slat side members 50 made of steel and the horizontal and vertical beams 52, 54 of the wall plate and possibly 68, 70 of the transverse frame element 66 from wooden components required for the construction of the frame structure 36. This reduces the building weight, increases the elasticity and reduces the construction costs of the frameworks 36, 66.

In the Fig. 6 is a backward mining method that follows the steps of the construction process Fig. 5 in reverse order, shown. As a result, residue-free and without significant intervention in the ground 46, a faster and cheaper construction and removal of a residential complex 10 can be performed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

building complex

12

wall plate

14

Foundation crossmember

16

point foundation

18

building unit

20

building inclusion

22

sewage strand

24

supply line

26

supply feed

28

wastewater discharge

30

Foundation subelements

32

vertical column

34

Steel girder frame

36

Supporting framework

38

Office complex

40

Multi-family residential complex

42

balcony

44

stairway

46

Building

48

Fundamentaushebung

50

Wall panel stringers

52

Longitudinal frame vertical support

54

Longitudinal frame horizontal carrier

56

Angulation of the wall

64

Steel girder frame

66

Cross frame structure

68

Cross-frame vertical support

70

Cross frame horizontal carrier

72

connecting element

74

connecting rod

76

connecting channel

78

Versenktopf

80

Verpresselement

82

base element

84

Transition element

86

pillar member

88

floor element

100

mounting hooks

102

screw-in

104

inner thread

106

Plastic sleeve

Claims (14)

Punktfundament (16) for the founding of buildings, especially residential and / or functional buildings as well as the foundation and storage, preferably for the temporary foundation or storage of individual supports, supports or columns for traffic signs, antenna or radio masts or flagpoles, characterized in that the point foundation (16) is composed of a plurality of prefabricated and preferably manually manageable subelements (30) and, when installed, is at least partially covered with soil material or soil. Point foundation (16) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-elements (30) are made of concrete, stone or other mineral material or metal, preferably structural steel. Point foundation (16) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the point foundation (16) comprises a vertical column (32) whose length is height-adjustable to compensate for uneven floors, and at the upper end at least one foundation cross member (46) is attached , Point foundation (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the sub-elements (30) of the dot foundations (16) has recesses or interventions for mutual engagement or is formed with complementary shaped surfaces, corners and edges. Point foundation (16) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sub-elements (30) of the Punktfundaments (16) with connecting elements (72) are connected, which are designed as brackets, bands or connecting rods (74), which preferably designed as threaded rods are, which have at least at their axial ends a threaded portion on which a pressing element (80), for example, a nut with washer, locking elements or the like can be screwed or pushed. Point foundation (16) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sub-elements (30) of the point foundation (16) with connecting elements (72) in a horizontal plane with the adjacent sub-elements (30) are connectable or compressible. Point foundation (16) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sub-elements (30) of the Punktfundaments (16) at least one connecting channel (76), in particular one or more sets of connecting channels to connect different sub-elements (30) with each other. Point foundation (16) according to claim 7, characterized in that the sub-elements (30) of the point foundation (16) at the surface-side end of the connecting elements (72) has a countersunk pot (78) in the form of a depression in the pressing elements (80) such as threaded screws, Locking means are retractable. Point foundation (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one, in particular all sub-elements (30) of the point foundation (16) comprise at least one mounting hook (100). Point foundation (16) according to claim 9, characterized in that the mounting hook (100) is arranged centrally in the respective sub-element (30) of the point foundation (16). Point foundation (16) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the mounting hook (100) is temporarily attachable and detachable again. Point foundation (16) according to one of the preceding claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the mounting hook (100) via a screw-in (102) with an internal thread (104), which is preferably designed as a plastic sleeve (106), in the sub-element (30). can be screwed. Point foundation (16) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sub-elements (30) of the Punktfundaments (16) arranged in a step or pyramid and / or interconnected. Point foundation (16) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dot foundation (16) comprises a one-piece base plate (88), in particular a cleanliness layer, which is preferably a steel or concrete slab, and the lowest level of the point foundation (16 ) trains.

Images