EP3135820B1 - Prefabricated foundation - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a foundation structure.

In the prior art foundation structures are known, which are built in situ from concrete. In addition, foundation structures are known, which are formed from a prefabricated prefabricated part.

Out EP 2 711 462 A1 a traffic sign bridge is known in which a concrete guide wall consists of elements coupled with each other.

Out US 2011/0194900 A1 a device for supporting freestanding constructions is known. This device has individual segment elements.

The invention is based on the object to provide an improved foundation structure.

The object is achieved by the feature combination specified in claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The foundation structure according to the invention has a number of detachably interconnected, prefabricated individual elements. As a result, an arbitrarily long individual foundation with individual design can be produced in a simple manner. The individual elements are preferably made of concrete, in particular of reinforced concrete, whereby conventional, complex to be built foundation structures made of in-situ concrete can be avoided in a simple manner. Compared to a foundation structure, which is manufactured as a single finished part, the great advantage is that a single individual element is relatively small and light and therefore easy to handle. In the manufacture of a foundation structure according to the invention from individual elements, it is particularly advantageous that the delivery of the required individual elements can be done with smaller vehicles than in the prior art, when large precast foundations have to be transported with low loaders. In addition, it is advantageous that considerably smaller cranes are required for installation of the individual elements. This makes it possible, for example, to build a large foundation structure next to a multi-lane road without having to lock the entire street as in the prior art or having to make a full closure or blocking of 2 lanes and an auxiliary lane on a freeway, for example large prefabricated parts can be placed with a crane with a lifting capacity of up to 200 t. Rather, it is generally possible according to the invention to carry out the installation of individual elements with a truck crane from a lane, with no roadway must be locked. If there is no parking lane, a maximum of one lane must be blocked. Thus, the trafficability of highways or highways during the construction of foundations for portal shield systems is hardly or not limited.

The foundation structure according to the invention provides that the individual elements are connected to one another by means of a number of tensioned connecting elements. As a result, the individual elements are particularly securely fixed against mutual movement, so that the carrying capacity of the foundation structure, despite simpler and faster construction is not less than in the prior art. The connecting elements according to the invention are guided horizontally by a plurality of individual elements arranged in a row, wherein the individual elements each have a number of corresponding passage openings. This makes it possible, with a few fasteners and thus time-saving to connect the individually easy to transport and easy to install individual elements at the installation site. The fact that the individual elements each have corresponding passage openings, the connecting elements are particularly easy to introduce.

Preferably, the connecting elements are arranged parallel to one another, in particular if the individual elements are lined up in a row one behind the other.

The foundation structure according to the invention provides that a first group of individual elements has a recess on a first side surface and a formation on a second side surface opposite to the first side surface. In this case, the position and shape of the recess correspond with the position and shape of the molding. As a result, adjacent individual elements can be connected to one another in a form-fitting manner, so that the foundation structure formed from a plurality of individual elements exhibits a particularly high bearing capacity, which is in particular higher than the sum of the loadbearing capacities of the individual elements. A single element of the first group of individual elements is adapted to be brought into positive engagement with an adjacent further individual foundation both on the first side surface and on the second side surface. Individual elements of the first group of individual elements can therefore be used both as inner individual elements of a juxtaposition of individual elements as well as the first or last individual elements of the juxtaposition.

A further embodiment of the foundation structure according to the invention provides that a second group of individual elements has a recess on a first side surface. The second side surface can be flat. Individual elements of this second group of individual elements can therefore be used as first or last individual elements of the juxtaposition of individual elements. However, the second side surface may also have a recess.

Another embodiment of the foundation structure according to the invention provides that a third group of individual elements on at least one second side surface has a formation. The first side surface can be even. Individual elements of this third group of individual elements can therefore also as last or first individual elements of the juxtaposition of Single elements are used. However, the first side surface may also have a shape.

Another embodiment of the foundation structure according to the invention provides that a single element, preferably a single element of the first group, is designed to receive a component.

According to a first alternative of this embodiment, the single element is designed as a quiver foundation with an upper-side recess for receiving the component, for example an electric box. The component preferably has a collar. Due to the design of the single element as a quiver foundation a large and therefore very viable Köcherfundament of a number of single easily manageable individual elements can be produced. In particular, such a single element manufactured as a quiver foundation need only be of an insignificantly larger size than the intended quiver.

According to a second alternative of this embodiment, the single element is designed as an anchoring element with a vertical passage. The passage is preferably used to receive a number of injection piles. For this purpose, an injection pile is arranged below the individual element serving as anchoring element such that the head of the injection pile is arranged and fixed within the passage, in particular with a pourable mortar or cast in situ concrete. Thus, the invention enables a simplified production of a pile head bar, in particular if the foundation structure comprises a plurality of individual elements with a vertical passage for receiving a respective number of Verpresspfählen. Particularly preferred are the individual elements, each having a vertical passage, arranged as the first and as the last single element of the foundation structure. It is possible to arrange the individual elements, each having a vertical passage, additionally or alternatively as average individual elements of the foundation structure to the carrying capacity of Improve foundation structure. In particular, composite piles are to be understood as injection piles, which are also referred to as small injection pile, small bored pile, root pile, anchor pile, GEWI pile, TITAN pile, pipe pile or ANKER-SCHROEDER drilling injection pile. For the construction of the foundation structure, it is possible to arrange the injection piles both before the individual elements are set and after the individual elements have been set. The connection between the head of a bored pile and the single element, in the vertical passage of the head is preferably made by concrete, which has been poured into the vertical passage and cured there. In this way, it is possible to build long foundation structures with Verpresspfählen very quickly. In addition, it is possible to build such foundation structures in the immediate vicinity of roads, with a pit other than in the prior art only slightly wider than the individual elements to be used must be made.

According to a third alternative of this embodiment, the single element has an upper-side connecting element for fastening a steel construction. The connecting element is preferably designed so that a steel support of a portal shield system, in particular a base plate of such a steel support, can be placed directly on the connection element and can be screwed or welded thereto. Preferably, the connection element has an upper steel plate, which may be formed from flanges of I-profiles.

According to the invention, the lane closures required in the prior art can be reduced or avoided. Particularly preferred foundation structures according to the invention are produced on both sides of a road and used for the attachment of steel columns that are part of portal shield systems.

A further embodiment of the foundation structure according to the invention provides that the individual elements are typified, ie standardized components and that each adjacent one of the lined-up individual elements are positively connected to each other by the formation of a single element engages in the recess of an adjacent single element, wherein the dimensions of this formation corresponds to the dimensions of this recess. As a result of this and / or by the normal force introduced into the lined-up individual elements by means of the connecting elements, the adjacent individual elements are not only positively secured in all three spatial directions against relative displacements, but also against twisting. The fact that the individual elements are typified components, it is possible with a few different individual elements to build a variety of foundation structures in a simple way individually.

A further embodiment of the foundation structure according to the invention provides that at least below the individual element designed as an anchoring element, an injection pile is arranged, the head of which is arranged and fixed within the vertical passage, so that the individual element is firmly connected to the injection pile. As a result, a bored pile head bar is very easy to produce.

An alternative embodiment of the foundation structure according to the invention provides that individual elements are arranged in several rows or are, the rows of individual elements are preferably interconnected. The rows of individual elements can be arranged in parallel. Alternatively or additionally, the rows of individual elements can be arranged at a predetermined angle to each other, whereby it is possible to build a star-shaped foundation structure, which is particularly sustainable. Such a star-shaped foundation structure preferably has a prefabricated central individual element which is designed such that a number of rows of individual elements can be connected to it. In this case, connecting elements are preferably arranged at an angle to each other, wherein the connecting elements each extend parallel to a row of individual elements. It is also possible, a foundation structure of two-dimensional arranged side by side arranged individual elements, in particular of several parallel rows of individual elements, which are clamped together for example by connecting elements parallel to the rows and transversely to the rows, so that a flat foundation structure is formed.

According to a further embodiment of the foundation structure according to the invention, the individual elements are connected to each other waterproof, for example, each area between adjacent individual elements sealing elements are arranged. Preferably, the sealing elements between corresponding through holes of two adjacent individual foundations are arranged. Alternatively or additionally, the ends of connecting elements that project beyond a first or last individual element are enveloped in a watertight manner.

A single element is preferably used for producing a foundation structure according to the invention. In this case, the individual element has a number of horizontal passage openings, a recess arranged on a first side surface and / or a recess arranged on a second side surface opposite the first side surface, wherein the position and shape of the recess and / or formation for producing a positive connection with a corresponding further Single element is suitable or are. This allows the individual foundation to achieve all the advantages mentioned for the foundation structure.

An embodiment of the single element provides that an upper-side recess for forming a quiver or a vertical passage for forming an anchoring element or an upper-side connecting element for fixing a steel structure is provided.

A set of components comprises a plurality of individual elements and serves to produce a foundation structure according to the invention. This allows the set of components to achieve the benefits mentioned for the foundation structure.

An embodiment of the component set provides that a number of connecting elements is provided for the continuous tensioning of a plurality of positively arranged individual elements. With lined up in a line individual elements of the kit set can be easily and inexpensively a beam foundation are formed, which is preferably used as a pile head bar.

A further embodiment of the component set provides that a first individual element is designed as a first edge element, in which a recess is arranged on a first side surface such that a last individual element is formed as a last edge element, in which case a second element is located opposite one of the first side surface Side surface is arranged a formation and that a number of individual elements is formed as intermediate elements, each intermediate element each having a recess on a first side surface and a second side surface opposite to the first side surface has a formation. As a result, a foundation structure with the aforementioned advantages can be produced, whose end faces are flat, whereby the foundation structure is particularly space-saving to produce.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Figur 1

ein Fundamentbauwerk gemäß dem Stand der Technik,

Figur 2

eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Fundamentbauwerks ausschnittsweise in Explosionsdarstellung und

Figur 3

schematisch eine zweite Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Fundamentbauwerks in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 4

schematisch eine dritte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Fundamentbauwerks in perspektivischer Ansicht und

Figur 5

eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform eines Zentralelementes.

Show it:

FIG. 1

a foundation structure according to the prior art,

FIG. 2

a first embodiment of a foundation structure according to the invention in a fragmentary exploded view and

FIG. 3

schematically a second embodiment of a foundation structure according to the invention in a perspective view,

FIG. 4

schematically a third embodiment of a foundation structure according to the invention in a perspective view and

FIG. 5

a plan view of an embodiment of a central element.

FIG. 1 shows a foundation structure 1 according to the prior art, which was built in in-situ concrete or was delivered and installed as a precast concrete element. The foundation structure 1 is located immediately adjacent to a highway, not shown, and is used to attach a portal shield system P, whose signs, not shown, are to be mounted on the expressway, not shown. For attachment of the portal shield system P on the foundation structure 1 made of steel supports S are screwed by means of a base plate F with the foundation structure 1. The foot plates F are arranged on elevated areas of the foundation structure 1, in between, an electric box E is placed on the foundation structure 1, which is arranged in a non-visible quiver of the foundation structure 1. The quiver is comprised of a circumferentially formed collar K, which is part of the foundation structure 1 and made of reinforced concrete.

FIG. 2 shows a section of a first embodiment of a foundation structure 1 according to the invention in an exploded view. Of the foundation structure 1 five individual elements 2 are shown partially hidden, wherein the individual element 2 shown on the left is shown only partially. Each of the individual elements 2 is provided with six horizontal passage openings 2.1, wherein the passage openings 2.1 are arranged on each individual element 2 in the same place.

The individual element 2 shown on the left is a quiver foundation 2.A, wherein the quiver is formed by an upper-side recess 2.6, which is arranged within a two-stage collar K. At a right on the quiver foundation 2.A flat second side surface 2.4 a cuboid shape 2.5 is arranged, whose shape and position corresponds to a not shown recess 2.3, which is arranged on a non-visible first side surface 2.2 of the adjacent spacer element 2.C.

That in the FIG. 2 Distance element shown on the left 2.C has on its right side second face 2.4 also shown on a molding 2.5, the shape and position of which is identical to the shape of 2.5 shown on the left Köcherfundamentes 2.A. The shape 2.5 of the spacer element shown on the left 2.C corresponds in size and location with a non-visible recess 2.3 of the individual element shown in the middle of the figure. 2

That in the middle of the FIG. 2 illustrated individual element 2 has both on its visible right first side surface 2.2 and on the opposite invisible second side surface 2.4 a recess 2.3, the position and shape of which corresponds to the formations 2.5 of each adjacent individual elements 2. At the top of the single element 2, a connecting element 4 is arranged, which is made of steel and is used for fastening a rising steel structure, in particular a steel support for a portal shield system, not shown.

Right of the single element 2 with the connection element 4, a single element 2 is shown, which is designed as a spacer element 2.C, the identical to the spacer element 2.C. shown to the right of the quiver foundation 2.A. is.

In FIG. 2 on the right a single element 2 is shown, which is designed as an anchoring element 2. B and to a vertically continuous passage 2.7 has. Below the anchoring element 2.B in its final installation position, an injection pile, not shown here is arranged such that the head of the injection pile is within the passage 2.7, so that when casting the passage 2.7 with concrete a solid bond between the anchoring element 2.B and the Pressing pile is achieved. For this purpose, it is possible to form the vertical passage 2.7 to improve the bond with the concrete to be filled with a profiled surface. In the assembled state, the respective adjacent individual elements of the foundation structure 1 touch each other, wherein each intersecting recesses 2.3 and formations 2.5 cause a positive connection between each adjacent individual elements 2. This positive locking prevents both vertical and horizontal displacements and twists between adjacent individual elements. 2

The foundation structure 1, at least in the assembled state, six connecting elements 3, which are formed as continuous tension-resistant tension elements. Each connecting element 3 has a slightly greater length than the total length resulting from the individual elements 2, so that each connecting element 3 can be prestressed against an armature plate at the outer edges of the foundation structure 1.

The foundation structure 1 has at its left end, not shown, another anchoring element 2.B, below - and within which also a not shown injection pile is arranged. In the installed state, therefore, a foundation structure 1 is formed of various individual elements 2 as a pile top beam. By selecting standardized individual elements 2, the total length of the foundation structure 1 is individually configurable. For this purpose, only a manageable number of different individual elements 2 is required. It is crucial that all lined up and interlocking individual elements 2 are mutually braced by means of the connecting elements 3 in the installed state. The bracing is particularly effective if continuous connecting elements 3 are arranged and tensioned both in the upper region of the individual elements 2 and in the lower region of the foundation structure 1. Preferably, in the upper area of the foundation structure 1, two connecting elements 3 and in the higher tensile load-bearing lower area of the foundation structure 1, four connecting elements 3 are installed.

The advantage of the foundation structure 1 is not only that even large foundations from each easily manageable individual elements 2 are produced, but also that the individual elements 2 can be reused due to their detachable connection, for example, when a portal shield system to be dismantled or again should be built.

FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic representation of a foundation structure 1, which is formed from 13 individual elements 2, which are clamped together by means of six connecting elements 3 with each other so that a load-bearing pile head bar is formed. At the two ends of the foundation structure 1, an anchoring element 2.B is arranged in each case as a single element, which in each case has the vertical passage 2.7. The foundation structure 1 comprises three individual elements 2, each with a schematically illustrated connection element 4, which serves for the connection of a rising construction, for example of steel columns and is formed by way of example from steel.

Each adjacent individual elements 2 are in the prescribed manner in a form-fitting connection, that is, that at each contact surface of a single element 2 with an adjacent single element 2 engages a not shown here molding in a recess not shown here. In the present embodiment, the two edge-side as Anchoring elements 2.B trained individual elements 2 each have a shape, not shown. The eight individual elements 2 designed as spacer elements 2.C each have a recess on a first side surface that is not visible and a formation on a second side surface opposite the first side surface. Likewise, the two laterally provided individual elements 2 with connection element 4 have a recess on a non-visible first side surface and a formation on a second side surface opposite the first side surface. The centrally arranged single element 2 with connection element 4 has a recess on both the non-visible first side surface and on the second non-visible side surface opposite thereto. The illustrated foundation structure 1 is therefore produced from only four different individual elements 2 and serves as a pile head bar for two partially shown in dashed lines injection piles.

FIG. 4 shows a simplified schematic representation of a star-shaped foundation structure 1, comprising three rows of individual elements 2, wherein each row three identical spacer elements 2.C and each outside an anchoring element comprises 2.B. In the center of the foundation structure 1, a substantially prismatic central element 2.D is arranged. All three rows of individual elements 2 are connected together with the central element 2.D and braced by means not shown connecting elements. On the upper side of the central element 2.D a connection element 4 is attached. At the three outer ends of foundation structure 1 not shown injection piles can be arranged, so that the foundation structure 1 is substantially flat and not flat. As a result, the foundation structure 1 is particularly stable for moments around any horizontal axes.

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a central element 2.D with three lateral surfaces, to which the aforementioned, not shown here further individual elements 2 can be arranged. The central element is 2.D star-shaped, that ends of anchoring elements 3 can be arranged and can be braced so that can be braced to a number of parallel anchoring elements 3 a row, so a linear array of other, not shown individual elements 2. As a result, the central element 2.D forms in a simple manner the center of a foundation structure 1, not shown, whose shape and function are substantially the same as those in FIG FIG. 4 shown correspond.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

foundation building

2

Single element

2.1

Through opening

2.2

first side surface

2.3

recess

2.4

second side surface

2.5

formation

2.6

recess

2.7

passage

2.A

bucket foundation

2 B

anchoring element

2.C

spacer

2.D

central element

3

connecting member

4

connecting element

P

Portal Shield system

S

support

F

footplate

e

electrical box

K

collar

Claims (7)

1. Foundation structure (1), comprising a number of releasably interconnected, prefabricated individual elements (2), wherein a first group of individual elements (2) has a recess (2.3) on a first lateral surface (2.2) and a projection (2.5) on a second lateral surface (2.4) opposite to the first lateral surface (2.2), wherein the position and shape of the recess (2.3) in each case corresponds to the position and shape of the projection (2.5),

   - wherein the individual elements (2) are interconnected by means of a number of tensioned connection elements (3) and

   - wherein the connection elements (3) are guided horizontally through a plurality of rowed-up individual elements (2), wherein the individual elements (2) each have a number of corresponding through-openings (2.1).
2. Foundation structure (1) according to claim 1,
   characterized in that the individual elements (2) are formed from concrete.
3. Foundation structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that a second group of individual elements (2) has a recess (2.3) on at least a first lateral surface (2.2).
4. Foundation structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that a third group of individual elements (2) has a projection (2.5) on at least a second lateral surface (2.4).
5. Foundation structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that an individual element (2) is designed as a sleeve foundation (2.A) with a top-side cutout (2.6) or as an anchoring element (2.B) with a vertical passage (2.7) or has a top-side connecting element (4) for fastening a steel construction.
6. Foundation structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual elements (2) are standardized components, and in that respectively adjacent rowed-up individual elements (2) are interconnected with a form-fit by the projection (2.5) of an individual element (2) engaging in the recess (2.3) of an adjacent individual element (2), wherein the dimensions of this projection (2.5) corresponds to the dimensions of this recess (2.3).
7. Foundation structure (1) according to either of Claims 5 and 6,
   characterized in that an injection pile (xy) is arranged at least below the individual element (2) designed as an anchoring element, the head of which injection pile is arranged and fixed within the vertical passage (2.7) such that the individual element (2) is fixedly connected to the injection pile (xy).

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