EP3489431B1 - Panneau - Google Patents

Panneau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3489431B1
EP3489431B1 EP17203608.9A EP17203608A EP3489431B1 EP 3489431 B1 EP3489431 B1 EP 3489431B1 EP 17203608 A EP17203608 A EP 17203608A EP 3489431 B1 EP3489431 B1 EP 3489431B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
holding
locking
tongue
free
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17203608.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3489431A1 (fr
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Surface Technologies GmbH and Co KG
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Surface Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Surface Technologies GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Surface Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP17203608.9A priority Critical patent/EP3489431B1/fr
Priority to RU2020120700A priority patent/RU2751154C1/ru
Priority to CA3083710A priority patent/CA3083710C/fr
Priority to CN201880087503.3A priority patent/CN111655949A/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2018/082383 priority patent/WO2019101928A1/fr
Priority to US16/766,406 priority patent/US11168482B2/en
Publication of EP3489431A1 publication Critical patent/EP3489431A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3489431B1 publication Critical patent/EP3489431B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0889—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
    • E04F13/0894—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections with tongue and groove connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0107—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0153—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by rotating the sheets, plates or panels around an axis which is parallel to the abutting edges, possibly combined with a sliding movement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/027—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections connected by tongues and grooves, the centerline of the connection being inclined to the top surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/04—Other details of tongues or grooves
    • E04F2201/042—Other details of tongues or grooves with grooves positioned on the rear-side of the panel
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/04—Other details of tongues or grooves
    • E04F2201/043—Other details of tongues or grooves with tongues and grooves being formed by projecting or recessed parts of the panel layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a panel with a panel core, a panel surface, a lower panel surface and with at least a first pair of edges of complementary form-fitting retaining profiles on opposite panel edges, one of the retaining profiles having a locking groove with a distally protruding upper groove wall and a lower groove wall that protrudes further distally as the upper groove wall, as well as with a retaining strip, which protrudes at the free end of the lower groove wall in the direction of the panel surface and has a free upper strip end and at least one undercut retaining surface, with this retaining surface facing the panel core and a recess located behind the retaining strip in the limited lower groove wall, wherein the complementary holding profile is provided with a locking spring which has at least one undercut contact surface which is directed to the panel core and in the assembled state with the holding surface of the Garlei ste cooperates, wherein the locking spring has a spring bottom and a spring top, the spring top having a distal end and a proximal end and being straight or curved
  • a generic prior art is from DE 10 2014 114 250 A1 famous.
  • the panel is also suitable for a floating floor because of the play. With floating installation, it must be taken into account that the panels are constantly subject to changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in temperature and humidity. Such changes in environmental conditions lead to shrinkage or stretching effects of the panels, which can be compensated for by the play within the mating locking means. This also applies to panels that are intended as wall cladding/wall coverings.
  • the term horizontal play refers to a horizontal application of the panels for a floor. The game referred to as horizontal play may no longer be horizontal on a wall covering, but it is also advantageous here because it can compensate for shrinkage or expansion effects of the panels.
  • the panel core is in practice made of a plastic material or a composite consisting of a plastic reinforced with fibers and/or containing other fillers.
  • the locking means must be manufactured precisely so that they fit together and they must also retain their shape.
  • the material of the panel core is exposed and unprotected at the positive locking means. The thinner the panels are, the more difficult it is to retain their shape. Even small quirks can lead to the locking means no longer fitting into one another.
  • the known panel is preferably produced with a panel core made of plastic and generally has a smaller overall thickness than, for example, conventional laminate panels that have a panel core made of MDF or HDF.
  • the well-known panel with a panel core made of plastic is also produced in large format, for example in the format 40 x 80 cm or even 40x120cm.
  • the thinnest panels are currently produced in such a way that their total thickness is only 3.2 mm.
  • the handling of such large panels is problematic, because a long lever is given when the craftsman lifts the panel at one end from the substructure and at the other end the locking means is to be positively engaged, with the substructure being both a floor and a wall can be. It is difficult to nest the small positive locking means. They can get misjudged into each other, which is difficult for the installer/craftsman to see and hardly notice. This can lead to breaks in the locking means.
  • the panel is very small, eg 10 x 30 cm, the handling is much easier because the craftsman can grasp the panel with his hands much closer to the locking means and see and feel it. The risk of damage to the locking means is then low.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing the known panel in such a way that it is less at risk of being damaged, even if the panel is of large format and/or has a small overall thickness.
  • the object is achieved in that the holding profiles are designed in such a way that the tongue underside of a new panel of the panel type can be placed on the holding strip of a lying panel and the holding profiles can then be moved towards one another by moving this new panel in a direction parallel to the panel plane are, so that the panel edges can be locked almost horizontally, ie lying in the panel plane, that a broken edge is provided between the free upper end of the strip of the retaining strip and its lower retaining surface, wherein the edge breaking forms a relief surface which has a distal end and a proximal end and is straight or curved in shape, and wherein the relief surface has an inclination angle ⁇ relative to the perpendicular on the panel surface, with the proviso that in a joining step the spring underside of the locking spring lies horizontally on the Retaining strip of the locking groove can be placed and then the tongue top can be pushed against the inside of the upper groove wall, and that at the end of the said joining step the distal end of the tongue top
  • the new panel which has a spring top that is inclined out of plumb and has play within the positive locking means when assembled, has the advantage that it can be locked almost horizontally, i.e. lying in the plane of the panel.
  • the locking means are designed in such a way that the underside of the tongue of a new panel can be placed on the holding strip of a lying panel and the holding profiles can then be moved towards one another by moving the panel in a direction parallel to the plane of the panel, with the upper side of the tongue moving closer and closer to the inside of the upper groove wall is movable and finally overlapped by the inside of the upper groove wall without necessarily having come into contact with it.
  • a new panel is to be interlocked with a previous panel that is already on a substrate (floor or wall), then the new panel can be laid down or positioned so that its tongue underside rests on the previous panel's retaining bar.
  • the new panel can move slightly towards the opposite panel edge deflected and a deflected part also lying on the ground.
  • the deflection of the new panel is small and the smaller the larger the panel is, ie the farther apart the opposing holding profiles are.
  • the overlap of the tongue top by the inside of the top groove wall is not significantly affected by a small deflection of the new panel.
  • the new design is very useful for panels with a small overall thickness and for large format panels because it is no longer necessary for locking to start the new panel at an angle, as is the case in the prior art DE 10 2014 114 250 A1 provides (e.g Figure 8a ). Consequently, there is also no longer any need for a pivoting movement down onto the ground, which can lead to damage to the locking means when the panel is handled with a great deal of leverage if they are not inserted into one another exactly but canted.
  • the newly designed panel allows large-format tiles that were previously not possible, with an edge length of 100 x 100 cm and more. Large format square tiles have been tested and surprisingly successfully locked without damaging the retaining profiles.
  • the new panel is suitable for the floating laying of floors, i.e. without connection to the subsurface, lying loosely on it. Shrinkage and expansion of the panels that can occur in practice are compensated by the built-in play.
  • the panel is also very favorable if a floor or a wall covering is to be glued to the subsurface.
  • the joining process which is particularly easy to achieve with the panel proposed here, also favors this type of Laying, because a panel to be locked can only be placed with the underside of the spring on the retaining strip of the previous panel and the lower panel surface can be placed overall on a substrate provided with adhesive.
  • the further joining process can then be done by pushing the panel against the previous panel, whereby the tongue underside of the locking tongue, as described above, is pushed over the retaining strip, then slides down the free surface and the tongue underside finally gets down into the recess of the lower groove wall, where it is stored on its support surface.
  • the design of the proposed panel also makes it possible, of course, to lift a new panel of this type a little and to attach it at a small angle if this is desired.
  • a high lifting for the purpose of tilting is not necessary.
  • the locking spring is brought into engagement more gently with the locking groove even when the panel is lifted at an angle.
  • the craftsman needs much less strength to produce a floor. On the one hand, this is because he does not have to lift the panel that high and, on the other hand, because the threading/joining is faster.
  • With a large format panel if it has to be lifted high, it will be more difficult to thread the locking tongue into the locking groove. The craftsman needs more time for this. It gets tiring when each panel has to be held up and threaded for longer.
  • Carrier boards made of HDF, MDF or OSB boards can be used as the starting material for the new panel. But it can also be a support plate made of a wood-plastic composite, for example. Wood Particle Composite (WPC) or a mineral composite, english Mineral Particle Composite (MPC).
  • WPC Wood Particle Composite
  • MPC english Mineral Particle Composite
  • the plastic used, whether pure or processed with the additives mentioned, can be a thermoplastic, elastomeric or duroplastic plastic.
  • a composition of the MPC comprising talc and polypropylene is well suited for a carrier plate made of an MPC.
  • recycling material can be used, which consists of the aforementioned plastic examples.
  • a rounded portion is provided at the front distal end of the locking spring, i.e. at its spring tip, which extends between the upper side of the spring and the lower side of the spring.
  • a flattened surface instead of the rounding, or a surface with a preferably convex curvature.
  • the design is expedient such that between the underside of the spring and the undercut contact surface there is a broken edge which has a cross-section that is at least 50% smaller than the broken edge of the holding strip.
  • Such an edge break on the locking spring protects the edge from damage. It is then useful to make this edge break relatively small, because then there is more space for the undercut contact surface.
  • the contact surface should be able to extend as far as possible in the direction of the lower panel surface, because the larger the contact surface, the better it counteracts the panels moving apart in the panel plane and perpendicular to the panel edges.
  • the edge breaking can also have the same purpose as the free surface of the retaining strip, namely to create space so that the locking spring, which is pushed over the retaining strip, can start a downward movement.
  • the desired space can be created by removing material only at the retaining bar, only at the locking spring, or dividing it in the desired proportion and removing material at both locations to create edge breaks.
  • the height of the open space is ⁇ the height of the holding surface of the holding strip. The larger the free space is, the easier it tends to be to put the holding profiles together.
  • a distal end of the spring top is in the assembled state at a level between the upper free ledge end of the holding ledge and a proximal end of the free space or the distal end of the spring top is an amount corresponding to the height of the free space above the free ledge end.
  • the sliding surface and the sliding zone are intended for the relative movement of the joined panel edges within the limits of the horizontal play.
  • the underside of the tongue provides a sliding surface which is arranged parallel to the panel surface and, in the assembled state, rests on a sliding zone in the recess of the lower groove wall, the sliding zone in turn being arranged parallel to the panel surface.
  • the retaining strip forms a support surface on which the underside of the spring can be placed during the joining process, and that the locking spring has a bottom panel surface has open recess with a base. In this way, the retaining strip has space in the recess of the locking spring when the panel edges are joined together.
  • bearing surface of the retaining strip and the base of the recess are parallel to one another and touch one another when assembled, so that they act as sliding surfaces parallel to the panel surface within the scope of the existing play.
  • the maximum vertical clearance Q when the undercut holding surface of the locking groove and the undercut contact surface of the locking spring touch, is in a ratio Q/S to the height S of the holding surface, which is in the range of 0.5-2 0, preferably the ratio Q/S is in the range of 0.8-1.2.
  • the height S of the holding surface is defined as the distance from the upper end of the holding surface perpendicular to the level of the bearing surface of the lower groove wall or the sliding zone.
  • a Q/S ratio of ⁇ 1.0 is chosen, then a certain elastic deformation of the retaining profiles is required in order to assemble them. This can be done by area-wise compression and/or by area-wise bending, for example a downward bending of the lower groove wall. Compression can preferably take place on a rear area of the underside of the spring, which comes into contact with the free surface during the joining movement.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ is the inside of the upper groove wall relative to the perpendicular L on the panel surface in the range of 30° to 60°.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ is particularly preferably 45°. It has been shown that the locking is then easy to produce and the form fit that is produced achieves good strength.
  • the handling of the panel can be improved if the free surface of the retaining strip is inclined by a free angle ⁇ relative to the perpendicular on the panel surface, and that the free angle ⁇ is ⁇ the inclination angle ⁇ of the inside of the upper groove wall. This causes a wedge-shaped narrowing opening of the locking groove to result, which simplifies the insertion of the locking spring.
  • the clearance angle ⁇ is expediently in the range of 1.0 to 1.5 times the angle of inclination ⁇ .
  • the clearance angle ⁇ is preferably in the range of 1.1 to 1.3 times the angle of inclination ⁇ .
  • a second distal holding surface directed towards the panel core can be provided on the holding strip and the locking spring can have a proximal second contact surface matching this.
  • the second holding surface of the holding bar is expediently arranged at the distal end of the open area.
  • the panel surface may have a chamfer at least on the locking groove side or on the locking tongue side.
  • both sides, locking groove and locking tongue, can have a broken edge.
  • the panel is quadrangular and has a second pair of edges, which is provided with complementary holding profiles on opposite panel edges, the holding profiles being designed identically to the holding profiles of the first pair of edges.
  • a method for laying and locking panels which has a pair of edges with complementary holding profiles according to the invention, the tongue underside of a new panel being placed on the holding strip of a panel already lying on a substructure, then the new panel lying vertically in the panel plane is shifted to the panel edge against the lying panel until the spring underside of the new panel has exceeded the retaining bar of the lying panel and sinks down into the recess behind the retaining bar.
  • a new square panel of this type which has two identical pairs of edges, is locked in a second row of panels with panels of an existing first row of panels and at the same time with an existing panel in the second row by locking the new panel with a spring underside on the retaining strips of the panels first row of panels and with the spring underside of its adjacent locking spring on the retaining ledge of the panel already present in the second row, then the new panel is slid in a diagonal direction, whereby its two adjacent locking springs are simultaneously engaged, namely one locking spring with the locking groove of the panels in the first row of panels and the other locking spring with the locking groove of the panel already present in the second row, with the spring undersides of the two adjacent locking springs of the new panel the retaining strips of the laid panel ü exceeded and lower yourself into the recess located behind the retaining bar.
  • a floor covering can be laid in a herringbone pattern.
  • Two different types of panel are required for this purpose, a type A and a type B.
  • Both panel types A and B have a pair of edges that are identically designed, i. H. the type A locking groove is located on the same panel edge as the type B panel and also the type A locking tongue is located on the same panel edge as the type B panel. H. the panel edge that has the locking tongue in type A has the locking groove in type B and vice versa.
  • both types have a pair of long panel edges and a pair of short panel edges. The long panel edges are identical in type A to type B. The short panel edges differ.
  • type B has the locking groove. Where type A has the locking groove, type B has the locking spring.
  • the holding profiles of the long edges are milled first.
  • the panels are then transported further within the production plant in order to mill the short edges, with half of the panels in a batch having to be rotated 180° before the milling operation in order to produce the short edges on this part of the panel in the wrong direction.
  • This laying pattern means that long panel edges and short panel edges can be locked together. Different pairs of edges, for example long edges and short edges, must therefore at least be milled to be compatible with one another. Most simply, the long edges and short edges can be matched with the same or be milled with identical tools. In this way, a herringbone laying pattern can be produced.
  • the panels can be positively locked on all sides, despite the special laying pattern, whereby a locking effect is achieved in the panel plane (horizontal) and specifically perpendicular to the locked edges, but also a locking effect in a direction perpendicular to the panel plane (vertical).
  • a locking effect is achieved in the panel plane (horizontal) and specifically perpendicular to the locked edges, but also a locking effect in a direction perpendicular to the panel plane (vertical).
  • the horizontal and vertical interlocking action is therefore possible on both pairs of edges.
  • the Figures 1a-1f show a first exemplary embodiment of a panel 1 according to the invention.
  • the panel is shown in sections in each case in order to illustrate its opposite panel edges 2 and 2' in the course of the joining movement/joining process and to show them in the locked state.
  • the panel edges shown in sections can also be understood as a representation in sections of two panels which are not severed.
  • FIG. 1a shows panel 1 having a panel core 3, the panel having a panel face 4 and a panel bottom face 5, and a pair of complementary support profiles 6 and 7 at opposite panel edges 2 and 2', the support profiles being of interlocking design.
  • a holding profile 6 is provided with a locking groove 8 and the holding profile 7 complementary thereto has a locking spring 9 .
  • the locking groove has an upper groove wall 10 and a lower groove wall 11 which projects distally further from the panel core 3 than the upper groove wall.
  • a retaining strip 12 is provided, which in turn protrudes in the direction of the panel surface 4 and a free upper strip end 12a and has a holding surface 12b, the holding surface being directed towards the panel core 3.
  • a recess 11a is formed in the lower groove wall, which has a bearing surface 11b for the locking spring 9 arranged parallel to the panel surface 4 .
  • the recess 11a is delimited on the outside by the retaining strip 12 or by its retaining surface 12b.
  • a radius 13 is provided between the strip end 12a and the side of the retaining strip 12 that faces outward.
  • the upper groove wall 10 has an inner side 10a which is inclined, namely inclined relative to the perpendicular L on the panel surface 4 . It has an inclination angle ⁇ such that a distal end 10b of the inner side reaches up to the panel surface 4 and the proximal end 10c of the inner side is farther from the panel surface and is oriented close to a median plane of the panel core 3 .
  • the middle level of the panel core can also be slightly exceeded.
  • the locking spring 9 has a spring underside 9a, the is arranged parallel to the panel surface 4'. Proximally, the locking spring is assigned a downwardly open recess 14, which creates space for the retaining strip 12 when the panel edges 2/2' are assembled.
  • the locking spring is also provided with an undercut contact surface 15, which when assembled with the retaining surface 12b of the and has a tongue top surface 16 which is inclined relative to the perpendicular on the panel surface 4', the angle of inclination being the same as the angle of inclination ⁇ of the inner side 10a of the upper groove wall.
  • Fig. 1b the further course of the joining movement is shown.
  • the underside of the spring 9a has now passed the end of the strip 12a and is sliding down an edge break 12c provided on the holding strip 12 .
  • the edge break forms a free surface 12d, which is arranged at an angle of inclination ⁇ with respect to the perpendicular L on the panel surface 4.
  • the free surface 12d creates so much free space that a front distal end 9b of the locking spring or the locking spring as a whole can be moved into the locking groove 8 without hindrance.
  • In 1c shows a horizontal play P between the spring top 16 and the inside 10a of the upper groove wall.
  • the clearance P allows the locking tongue 9 to be moved further into the locking groove 8, parallel to the panel surface 4/4', until the clearance between the tongue top and the inside of the upper groove wall is zero; latter position is in Fig. 1d shown.
  • the contact surface 15 of the locking spring has moved away from the holding surface 12b of the lower groove wall and horizontal play P' has thus arisen at this point.
  • the underside of the tongue 9a forms a sliding surface and the bearing surface 11b of the recess in the lower groove wall acts as a sliding zone within the framework of the existing horizontal play P/P'.
  • the holding profiles can take up intermediate positions relative to one another.
  • An intermediate position is in Fig. 1e shown.
  • a play component p 1 of horizontal play between the contact surface 15 and the holding surface 12b as well as a play component p 2 of the horizontal play between the upper side of the spring 16 and the inside 10a of the upper groove wall.
  • Both game shares add up to the same amount as the horizontal game P/P' used in the Figures 1c and 1d only exists at one end.
  • Two joined panels ideally assume a position relative to one another in which the panel surface 4 of one panel and the panel surface 4' of the other panel enclose an angle of 180°, they then lie exactly in one plane. However, if the substrate is wavy, it can happen that the panel surfaces 4/4' enclose an angle ⁇ 180° or >180°, with deviations from 180° being approximately ⁇ 3°.
  • the locking spring has been dispensed with in a clear broken edge. Instead, a nearly right-angled corner is formed. At the same time, a right angle is also formed between the bearing surface 11b of the lower groove wall 11 and the holding surface 12b. In practice, this right angle of the lower groove wall will have a very small radius because the tools used to make this geometry do not have sharp angles and such integral corners can only be made/milled with minimal radii/edge breaks. So that the contact surface 15 and the holding surface 12b fit together, the corner on the underside of the spring 9a is also minimally rounded off or has a small chamfer.
  • the clearance has a height T, which is greater than the height S of the holding surface in the present embodiment.
  • a proximal end of the free surface coincides with an upper end 12e of the holding surface 12b.
  • the term "height S" means the distance measured from the upper end 12e of the holding surface 12b to perpendicular to the level of the bearing surface 11b of the lower groove wall 11.
  • the spring top 16 has a distal end 16a, according to the assembled state 1c is at a level that lies between the upper free strip end 12a and an upper end 12e of the holding surface, or in the region of the height T of the free surface 12d.
  • the angle of inclination ⁇ of the inside of the upper groove wall is 45° relative to the perpendicular L on the panel surface 4.
  • the clearance angle ⁇ of the clearance surface of the holding strip is 50° relative to the perpendicular L in the present exemplary embodiment the panel surface 4.
  • a second embodiment is based on the Figures 2a to 2f shown. It differs in two aspects from the exemplary embodiment of the previous group of figures 1.
  • One aspect is the design of the panel surface 4 on the side of the locking groove 8.
  • an edge break 18 in the form of a chamfer 18a is provided on the upper groove wall 10.
  • the inside 10a of the upper groove wall 10 is shorter than in the example of the previous group of figures.
  • a V-joint 19 is formed in the assembled state. The V-joint is often considered more pleasing. It also protects the free end of the upper groove wall 10 from damage. This free end is compared to Fig. 1a duller and lies lower, ie at a certain distance away from the panel surface 4 and is thereby protected.
  • the second aspect which differs from the embodiment of the previous group of figures 1, is the relationship of the holding bar 12 to the downwardly open recess 14 of the locking spring 9.
  • the free end of the bar 12a of the holding bar forms a bearing surface 12f, which Touches and supports recess 14 at its base 14a when the panels are assembled.
  • the base surface 14a of the recess 14 slides on the bearing surface 12f. This creates more stability when the panel is loaded from above on the panel surface 4'.
  • a third embodiment show the Figures 3a to 3c . It largely corresponds to the exemplary embodiment of figure group 2. In the assembled state, it forms a V-joint 19 on the panel surface.
  • the retaining strip 12 provided on the lower groove wall touches the base surface 14a of the recess 14, which is open at the bottom, and supports this area of the locking spring.
  • the free surface 12d has a curvature 22 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the curve 22 is inclined at a slightly larger angle to the perpendicular L on the panel surface 4 than the inside of the upper groove wall. Between this inner side and the free surface, an opening is formed, so to speak, which has a greater width at the top and becomes narrower and narrower towards the bottom of the groove wall.
  • FIG Figures 4a to 4c A fourth exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG Figures 4a to 4c .
  • This is based on that embodiment of figure group 2 .
  • it has a chamfer 18a on the panel surface on the side of the locking groove so that a V-joint 19 is formed when assembled.
  • a downwardly open recess 14 of the locking spring which is identical in the assembled state as in FIG Figure 2c rests with a base surface 14a on a support surface 12f of the holding strip 12 and is supported thereby.
  • the exemplary embodiment of figure group 4 differs in that there is a second holding surface 23 provided on the holding strip 12 of the lower groove wall 11 and a second contact surface 24 provided to match this on the locking spring 9. Two pairs of holding surface/contact surface are therefore effective. This doubling of the holding/abutment surface improves the locking effect overall in the assembled state.
  • the second holding surface 23 starts at the upper end of the free surface 12d and ends at the free end 12a of the strip at the level of the bearing surface 12f of the holding strip.
  • the second contact surface 24 of the locking spring is arranged proximally relative to the first contact surface 15 and, in the assembled state, fits together with the second retaining surface 23 of the retaining strip.
  • the design with doubled holding surfaces (12b/23) and contact surfaces (15/24) also has an advantage if the base U is uneven, ie if it has a ripple. Waviness means moderate rise/fall of the subsoil, of the order of max. ⁇ 3°. If two interlocked panels are laid and interlocked on such a wavy surface, then the floor surface will no longer be level. An angle of >180° then arises between the panel surface of one panel and the panel surface of the other panel if the retaining profiles are located at an elevated point on the substrate. If they are located at a low point on the subsurface, an angle of ⁇ 180° is created between the two panel surfaces.
  • a fifth embodiment not belonging to the invention is in turn based on the embodiment of FIG figure group 2 .
  • an edge break 18 is also provided here on the panel surface 4 on that side of the locking groove 9, on the upper groove wall 10.
  • the edge break is in the form of a chamfer 18a.
  • in the assembled state there is contact between that recess 14 which is open at the bottom and which is associated with the locking spring 9 and a bearing surface 12f on the strip end 12a of the holding strip.
  • the retaining bar 12 protrudes into the recess 14 and supports its base 14a.
  • the special feature of the fifth exemplary embodiment consists in the design of the spring top 16, which has a concave curvature 25, while the inside 10a of the upper groove wall 10 has a convex curvature 26 to match.
  • the two curves 25/26 abut one another.
  • horizontal play P′ can be seen between the holding surface 12b of the holding strip and the contact surface 15 of the locking spring.
  • the clearance P' can of course be reduced to zero, thus creating a clearance P between the bends 25 and 26, as well as the clearance P in Figure 2c .
  • a sixth embodiment is also based on the group of figures 2. Like this one, it has a chamfer 18a on the panel surface 4 on that side of the locking groove 8, so that a V-joint 19 is formed in the assembled state. Furthermore, a downwardly open recess 14 of the locking spring 9 is jointly provided, which in the assembled state is identical to that in Figure 2c , rests on the retaining strip 12 and the base 14a is supported thereby.
  • Two recesses 27 in the spring underside 9a and two recesses 28 in the contact surface 11b of the lower groove wall 11 are new in the present exemplary embodiment. Two recesses each face one another and together form hollow chambers Y in which, for example, dust or abrasion particles can collect. Alternatively, it is possible to arrange fewer or more such recesses on the spring underside 9a or the bearing surface 11b, or to arrange recesses only on one side on the bearing surface 11b or the spring underside 9a.
  • the figure group 7 shows an embodiment, which in turn is based on the embodiment of the figure group 2, because here on the panel surface 4 on that Side of the locking groove 8 is a chamfer 18a, so that when assembled, a V-joint 19 is formed and because together with figs 2 a downwardly open recess 14 of the locking spring 9 is provided, which is identical in the assembled state as in Figure 2c , rests on the retaining strip 12 and is supported thereby.
  • the holding strip 12 of the lower groove wall 11 has a new design. This is because it is also provided with a broken edge on its outer side facing away from the recess 11a. This edge break is designed in such a way that it serves as a sloping contact surface 29 for the locking spring 9, as shown in Figure 7a indicated where the tip of the pen touches the contact surface and is moved upwards along it. In order for this to be possible, its distal end 29a extends down to a level which is deep enough for the locking spring 9 of a new panel to hit the abutment surface when the new panel is placed on the base U.
  • FIG. 8a to 8d An eighth embodiment is in the Figures 8a to 8d shown. It is based on that of figure group 1, compared to which it has been changed in two aspects.
  • the first aspect is the changed relation between the retaining strip 12 provided on the lower groove wall 11 and the recess 14 of the locking spring 9, which is open at the bottom.
  • the design is such that in the assembled state the recess is on the Bearing surface 12f rests, as in Fig. 8c/ 8d shown.
  • the other aspect consists in the special design of the holding surface 12b.
  • the holding surface is undercut. It has an indentation 30 .
  • the notch is arranged in such a way that the contact surface 11b of the lower groove wall is extended and merges into the notch.
  • the contact surface 15 of the locking spring is further developed into a projection 31 which faces the panel core 3' and practically forms an extension of the spring underside 9a.
  • the protrusion 31 is designed to fit into the notch 30 in the assembled state and position accordingly Figure 8d counteracts a height offset.
  • a rear form-fitting locking mechanism is provided, so to speak, behind the underside of the spring 9a.
  • the rear positive locking is located on that side of the holding strip 12.
  • an intermediate position during the joining movement is shown.
  • the underside of the spring is moved down along the free surface 12d, or the projection 31 mentioned slides down the free surface.
  • the position with play P' is shown in which the tongue top 16 abuts against the inside 10a of the upper groove wall.
  • FIG. 9 shows a plan view of a surface of laid panels, panels with a rectangular format being used here, which have retaining profiles on both pairs of edges according to figure group 7.
  • a first panel row of locked panels D1 and a started second panel row D2 can be seen.
  • the new panel has a first pair of edges with a locking tongue 32a and opposite a locking groove 32c and a second pair of edges with a locking tongue 32b opposite one locking groove 32d.
  • a new panel 32 is to be connected in the second row of panels. For this purpose, it must be interlocked with panels 33 and 34 of the first row of panels D1 and with panel 35 of the second row of panels D2.
  • the new panel 32 is placed on the base U according to the method described here.
  • the new panel is moved in the direction of arrow V (diagonally). It approaches the locking grooves of the panels 33/34 of the first row of panels. At the same time it approaches the locking groove of the panel 35.
  • its locking springs 32a and 32b abut contact surfaces 35b and 33b/34b, respectively, which are provided on the outside of the holding strips of the adjacent panels 33, 34 and 35, respectively.
  • the method steps described above can of course also be carried out if the panels are to be glued to the substrate.
  • an adhesive must be provided beforehand.
  • the adhesive can be applied to the substrate and/or applied to the bottom panel surface. It must have a sufficient pot life to be able to carry out all installation steps before it hardens. After curing/setting, it creates a material bond with the substrate U.
  • another method of locking can be carried out, which is required for those embodiments of the panel that do not have a contact surface on the outside of the retaining strip, so that the locking spring cannot be automatically moved upwards there via a contact surface.
  • the new panel is then laid down with its locking springs resting directly on the retaining ledges of the adjacent panels, as in Figs Figures 1a , 2a , 3a , 4a , 6a and 8a shown. Ie for 9 that one locking spring is placed on the retaining ledges of the panels of the first row of panels and the other locking spring is placed on the retaining ledge of the panel that is already present in the second row of panels. It is then pushed diagonally, as indicated by the direction of arrow V, so that the new panel comes into positive engagement with the locking grooves of the adjacent panels at both panel edges to be locked.
  • FIG. 10 shows a panel that follows the principle of figure group 8, ie it has a rear positive locking. This is through a notch 30 at the Retaining bar of the locking groove and a matching designed projection 31 can be realized on the locking spring 9, which fits into the notch.
  • the protrusion 31 When fitted, when the maximum clearance P is present at the panel surface, the protrusion 31 is moved into the notch to the maximum depth, so that the rear positive locking then achieves its best locking action perpendicular to the panel surface.
  • the projection 31 can freely pass the proximal end of the free surface 12d and the underside of the spring 9a can reach the bearing surface 11b of the lower groove wall.
  • An elastic deformation of the holding profiles required during the joining process is not provided in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the notch has a cross-section that is made with the help of a milling tool.
  • a dotted line indicates in 10 the milling tool R and its drive spindle Z, around which the milling tool rotates.
  • the locking groove is designed with a larger radius at the bottom of the groove.
  • the distal end 16a of the straight piece of the spring top 16 is at a slightly higher level than the bearing surface 12f of the retaining strip 12, or the strip end 12a. It has the advantage that the risk of a crack can be somewhat reduced in the area of the increased radius, which forms the bottom of the locking groove.
  • An enlarged radius at the bottom of the groove is not only advantageous for the present exemplary embodiment, but also an expedient option for all previous exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 11 shows an application of the panel according to the invention for the production of a covering surface in a herringbone laying pattern.
  • Two different types of panel are required for this purpose, a type A and a type B.
  • Both panel types A and B have a pair of edges that are identically designed, ie the locking groove of type A is located on the same panel edge as in panel type B and likewise, the locking spring of type A is arranged on the same panel edge as in panel type B.
  • the other pair of edges in type B is the reverse of type A, i.e. the panel edge that is provided with the locking spring in type A has in type B the locking groove and vice versa.
  • both types have a pair of long panel edges and a pair of short panel edges. The long panel edges are identical in type A to type B. The short panel edges differ.
  • type B has the locking groove intended. Where type A has the locking groove, type B has the locking spring.
  • the holding profiles of the long edges are milled first.
  • the panels are then transported further within the production plant in order to mill the short edges, with half of the panels in a batch having to be rotated 180° before the milling operation in order to produce the short edges on this part of the panel in the wrong direction.
  • This laying pattern means that long panel edges and short panel edges can be locked together. Different pairs of edges, e.g. long edge short edge, must therefore be compatible with one another. In this way, a herringbone laying pattern can be produced.
  • the panels can be positively locked on all sides, with a locking effect being achieved in the panel plane (horizontal) and specifically perpendicular to the locked edges, but also a locking effect being achieved in a direction perpendicular to the panel plane (vertical). With a rectangular or square panel, this horizontal and vertical interlocking action is possible on both pairs of edges.
  • FIG. 11 shows schematically an area of interlocked panels laid out in a herringbone pattern.
  • a panel of type A and a panel of type B are distinguished by different hatching as an example.
  • (F) indicates where there is a tongue in the respective panel type and (N) indicates where there is a groove.
  • the locking of the panels to one another is also very simple if two panel types are designed and these are joined together in the herringbone laying pattern shown to form a covering.

Claims (17)

  1. Panneau (1) comprenant une âme (3, 3'), une face supérieure (4, 4'), une face inférieure (5) ainsi qu'au moins une première paire de bords à profilés de maintien complémentaires à complémentarité de forme (6, 7) sur des bords de panneau mutuellement opposés, l'un des profilés de maintien (6) présentant une rainure de verrouillage (8) ayant une paroi supérieure (10) faisant saillie distalement et une paroi inférieure (11) faisant davantage saillie distalement que la paroi supérieure (10) de la rainure, ainsi qu'une barrette de maintien (12), qui fait saillie au niveau de l'extrémité libre de la paroi inférieure (11) de la rainure dans la direction de la face supérieure du panneau (4), et une extrémité supérieure libre (12a) et au moins une surface de maintien à contredépouille (12b), cette surface de maintien étant orientée vers l'âme du panneau (3) et limitant un évidement (11a) de la paroi inférieure (11) de la rainure situé derrière la barrette de maintien, le profilé de maintien complémentaire (7) étant muni d'une languette de verrouillage (9), qui a au moins une surface de contact à contredépouille (15), laquelle est orientée vers l'âme du panneau (3') et, à l'état assemblé, coopère avec la surface de maintien (12b) de la barrette de maintien (12), la languette de verrouillage (9) ayant une face inférieure (9a) et une face supérieure (16), dont la face supérieure (16) de la languette a une extrémité distale (16a) et une extrémité proximale (16b) et est de forme droite ou courbe et est disposée inclinée par rapport à la perpendiculaire (L) de la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4'), de sorte que l'extrémité distale (16a) est plus éloignée de la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4') et l'extrémité proximale (16b) s'étend plus près de la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4'), un jeu existant à l'état assemblé, qui comporte un jeu en hauteur (Q) et un jeu horizontal (P, P'), de sorte que les profilés de maintien (6, 7) sont déplaçables perpendiculairement à la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4') et sont déplaçables dans une direction qui est perpendiculaire aux bords du panneau (2, 2') et en même temps parallèle à la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4'), et une face intérieure (10a) de la paroi supérieure de la rainure (10) ayant une forme droite ou courbe correspondant à la face supérieure de la languette (16) et présentant par rapport à la perpendiculaire (L) de la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4') un angle d'inclinaison a, qui est tel que la face supérieure inclinée (16) de la languette et la face intérieure (10a) de la paroi supérieure de la rainure (10) se touchent face contre face lorsqu'elles sont poussées l'une contre l'autre, caractérisé en ce que les profilés de maintien (6, 7) sont conçus de sorte que la face inférieure de la languette (9a) d'un nouveau panneau puisse être posée sur la barrette de maintien (12) d'un panneau couché et que les profilés de maintien (6, 7) sont alors déplaçables l'un vers l'autre par décalage d'un nouveau panneau dans une direction parallèle au plan des panneaux, de sorte que les bords des panneaux peuvent être verrouillés presque horizontalement, c'est-à-dire dans le plan des panneaux, qu'entre l'extrémité supérieure libre (12a) de la barrette de maintien (12) et sa surface de maintien inférieure (12b) est prévu un chanfrein (12c), le chanfrein formant une dépouille (12d), qui présente une extrémité supérieure distale (12e) et une extrémité proximale et est de forme droite ou courbe, et la dépouille (12d) présentant par rapport à la perpendiculaire (L) de la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4') un angle d'inclinaison β, sous réserve que lors d'une étape d'assemblage, la face inférieure (9a) de la languette de verrouillage (9) puisse être posée horizontalement sur la barrette de maintien (12) de la rainure de verrouillage (8) et qu'ensuite la face supérieure de la languette (16) puisse être poussée contre la face intérieure (10a) de la paroi supérieure de la rainure (10) et qu'à la fin de ladite étape d'assemblage, l'extrémité distale (16a) de la face supérieure de la languette (16) touche la face intérieure (10a) de la paroi supérieure de la rainure (10) au niveau de l'âme du panneau (3').
  2. Panneau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'entre la face inférieure (9a) de la languette et la surface de contact à contredépouille (15) est prévu un chanfrein, qui présente par rapport au chanfrein (12c) de la barrette de maintien (12) une section qui est au moins de 50 % plus petite.
  3. Panneau selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une hauteur (T) de la dépouille ≥ la hauteur (S) de la surface de maintien (12) de la barrette de maintien.
  4. Panneau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une extrémité distale (16a) de la face supérieure (16) de la languette se trouve, à l'état assemblé, à un niveau compris entre l'extrémité libre supérieure (12a) de la barrette de maintien (12) et une extrémité proximale de la dépouille (12d) ou se trouve au-dessus de l'extrémité libre de la barrette (12a) d'une valeur correspondant à la hauteur (T) de la dépouille.
  5. Panneau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la face inférieure (9a) de la languette prévoit une surface de glissement qui est disposée parallèlement à la face supérieure du panneau (4') et, à l'état assemblé, repose sur une zone de glissement dans l'évidement (11b) de la paroi inférieure (11) de la rainure, la zone de glissement étant pour sa part disposée parallèlement à la face supérieure du panneau (4).
  6. Panneau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la barrette de maintien (12) forme une surface d'appui (12f) sur laquelle la face inférieure (9a) de la languette peut être déposée au moins pendant l'opération d'assemblage et que la languette de verrouillage (9) a un évidement (14), d'une surface de base (14a), ouvert en direction de la face inférieure du panneau (5).
  7. Panneau selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'état assemblé, la surface d'appui (12f) de la barrette de maintien (12) et la surface de base (14a) de l'évidement (14) sont parallèles entre elles et se touchent, de sorte qu'elles agissent comme surfaces de glissement parallèlement à la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4') dans le cadre du jeu existant (P, P').
  8. Panneau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que, lorsque la surface de maintien à contredépouille (12b) de la rainure de verrouillage (11) et la surface de contact à contredépouille (15) de la languette de verrouillage (9) se touchent, le jeu maximum en hauteur (Q) est, relativement à la hauteur (S) de la surface de maintien (12b), dans un rapport Q/S qui est situé dans la plage de 0,5-2,0, le rapport Q/S étant de préférence situé dans la plage de 0,8-1,2.
  9. Panneau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'angle d'inclinaison α que décrit la face intérieure (10a) de la paroi supérieure de la rainure (10) par rapport à la perpendiculaire (L) de la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4') se trouve dans la plage de 30° à 60°.
  10. Panneau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la dépouille (12d) de la barrette de maintien (12) est inclinée par rapport à la perpendiculaire (L) de la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4') d'un angle de dépouille β et que l'angle de dépouille β ≥ l'angle d'inclinaison a.
  11. Panneau selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'angle de dépouille β est compris entre 1,0 et 1,5 fois l'angle d'inclinaison a.
  12. Panneau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'au niveau de la barrette de maintien (12) est prévue une deuxième surface de maintien distale (23) orientée vers l'âme du panneau (3, 3') et que la languette de verrouillage (9) présente une deuxième surface d'appui proximale correspondante (24).
  13. Panneau selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième surface de maintien distale (23) de la barrette de maintien (12) est disposée à une extrémité distale de la dépouille (12d).
  14. Panneau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que la face supérieure du panneau (4, 4') présente au moins du côté de la rainure de verrouillage (11) ou du côté de la languette de verrouillage (9) un chanfrein (18).
  15. Panneau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisée en ce que le panneau (1, 32, 33, 34, 35) est de forme quadrangulaire et présente une deuxième paire de bords, qui est munie de profilés de maintien complémentaires au niveau des bords de panneau opposés, ces profilés de maintien étant, comme les profilés de maintien (6,7) de la première paire de bords, de forme identique.
  16. Procédé de pose et de verrouillage de panneaux du type correspondant à l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la face inférieure de la languette (9a) d'un nouveau panneau est déposée sur la barrette de maintien (12) d'un panneau reposant déjà sur un support, puis que le nouveau panneau est poussé, dans le plan des panneaux, perpendiculairement au bord du panneau (2, 2') contre le panneau couché jusqu'à ce que la face inférieure de la languette (9a) du nouveau panneau ait dépassé la barrette de maintien (12) du panneau couché et descende dans l'évidement (11a) situé derrière la barrette de maintien (12).
  17. Procédé de pose et de verrouillage de panneaux du type correspondant à la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce qu'un nouveau panneau quadrangulaire (32) de ce type, qui a deux paires de bords identiques, est verrouillé dans une deuxième rangée de panneaux (D2) avec des panneaux (33, 34) d'une première rangée existante de panneaux (D1) et simultanément avec un panneau (35) déjà présent dans la deuxième rangée, par le fait que le nouveau panneau (32) est déposé avec une face inférieure d'une languette de verrouillage (32b) sur les barrettes de maintien (33d, 34d) des panneaux (33, 34) de la première rangée de panneaux (D1) et avec la face inférieure de sa languette de verrouillage voisine (32a) sur la barrette de maintien (35c) du panneau (35) déjà présent dans la deuxième rangée, de sorte que le nouveau panneau (32) est poussé dans une direction diagonale, moyennant quoi ses deux languettes de verrouillage voisines (32a, 32b) sont engagées simultanément, à savoir la languette de verrouillage (32b) avec la rainure de verrouillage des panneaux (33, 34) dans la première rangée de panneaux (D1) et l'autre languette de verrouillage (32a) avec la rainure de verrouillage du panneau (35) présent dans la deuxième rangée (35), les faces inférieures des deux languettes de verrouillage voisines (32a, 32b) du nouveau panneau (32) ayant dépassé les barrettes de maintien (33d, 34d, 35c) des panneaux posés et descendant dans l'évidement se trouvant respectivement derrière la barrette de maintien.
EP17203608.9A 2017-11-24 2017-11-24 Panneau Active EP3489431B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

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EP17203608.9A EP3489431B1 (fr) 2017-11-24 2017-11-24 Panneau
RU2020120700A RU2751154C1 (ru) 2017-11-24 2018-11-23 Панель
CA3083710A CA3083710C (fr) 2017-11-24 2018-11-23 Panneau
CN201880087503.3A CN111655949A (zh) 2017-11-24 2018-11-23 嵌板
PCT/EP2018/082383 WO2019101928A1 (fr) 2017-11-24 2018-11-23 Panneau
US16/766,406 US11168482B2 (en) 2017-11-24 2018-11-23 Panel

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EP3489431B1 true EP3489431B1 (fr) 2022-04-13

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US11168482B2 (en) 2021-11-09
WO2019101928A1 (fr) 2019-05-31
EP3489431A1 (fr) 2019-05-29
CA3083710C (fr) 2022-04-26
CN111655949A (zh) 2020-09-11
CA3083710A1 (fr) 2019-05-31
RU2751154C1 (ru) 2021-07-08
US20200378136A1 (en) 2020-12-03

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