EP3483542B1 - Four dentaire ainsi que procédé de fonctionnement d'un four dentaire - Google Patents

Four dentaire ainsi que procédé de fonctionnement d'un four dentaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3483542B1
EP3483542B1 EP17201096.9A EP17201096A EP3483542B1 EP 3483542 B1 EP3483542 B1 EP 3483542B1 EP 17201096 A EP17201096 A EP 17201096A EP 3483542 B1 EP3483542 B1 EP 3483542B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
portions
dental furnace
thermal insulation
dental
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17201096.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3483542A1 (fr
Inventor
Rudolf Jussel
Manuel Schlegel
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Ivoclar Vivadent AG
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Ivoclar Vivadent AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP17201096.9A priority Critical patent/EP3483542B1/fr
Priority to US16/182,662 priority patent/US11184956B2/en
Publication of EP3483542A1 publication Critical patent/EP3483542A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3483542B1 publication Critical patent/EP3483542B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F27B17/02—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group specially designed for laboratory use
    • F27B17/025—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group specially designed for laboratory use for dental workpieces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/14—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/02—Ohmic resistance heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
    • H05B3/64—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/12—Cooking devices
    • H05B6/129—Cooking devices induction ovens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/14—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F27B2005/143—Heating rods disposed in the chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0051—Cooling of furnaces comprising use of studs to transfer heat or retain the liner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/018—Heaters using heating elements comprising mosi2

Definitions

  • the invention describes a dental furnace, in particular a high-temperature dental furnace, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a dental furnace, according to the preamble of claim 13.
  • Heating elements of different origins are used for such dental ovens.
  • the heating element has sufficient mechanical strength.
  • the transition of the material properties of the heating element from solid to ductile is in a temperature range that is significantly below the melting temperature.
  • the distance between the transition temperature and the melting temperature can well be several 100 °.
  • the maximum application temperature for molybdenum disilicide (MoSi 2 is 1850 °, while the transition temperature range already starts at 1200 ° and extends to 1850 ° Celsius.
  • the materials used for the electrical connection are often less temperature-resistant than the heating element itself.
  • the heating element be adjacent to the connections with a greater thickness and corresponding length To be carried out so that the conductivity per unit length is greater there and accordingly the heat output is lower.
  • This method can actually be implemented within certain limits, whereby care must then be taken to ensure that the ductile heating element is not subjected to mechanical shocks during heating operation.
  • connection location at the top A further disadvantage is the fixed arrangement of the connection location at the top.
  • the air surrounding the heating element rises, thereby heating the connections at the top.
  • the power electronics of furnaces are also located at the bottom, i.e. in the furnace base, so that the connections are not displaced upwards. It would also be advantageous to keep the connections to the power electronics short in view of the high electrical heating currents. Depending on the design and dimensioning, currents of 100A and more are possible.
  • a significant limitation when using a heating element made of the metal-ceramic material molybdenum disilicide (MoSi 2 ) is, however, that the SiO 2 layer protecting the heating element, which gives the heating element good oxidation resistance up to use at a maximum temperature of up to 1850 ° C, does not hurt or may be removed.
  • This protective layer protects the base material from extreme oxidation and Contamination or corrosion.
  • it is precisely impurities which, for example, come into contact with the thermal insulation on this SiO 2 protective layer, can also react with this SiO 2 layer and lower its melting point, or else simply remove this softened layer mechanically at high temperatures. This ultimately leads to the exposure of the base material.
  • the protective oxide layer is damaged in this contact area from heating element to fastening element due to the micro-movement, which increases especially at very high heating rates, which can lead to the loss of the heating element. and the protective surface layer made of SiO 2 is essential for the stability of the heating element made of MoSi 2 .
  • Another problem is uncontrolled flaking of the SiO 2 layer. This is built up by the oxidation and is significantly more brittle than MoSi 2 . At the points where the oxide layer flakes off, the heating element is mechanically weakened, at least until an oxide layer has formed again. The flaking takes place due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of MoSi 2 and SiO 2 with a certain layer thickness, the layer structure itself in turn being dependent on numerous parameters, in particular, however, the temperature of the heating element at the point in question. Heating elements which have very thin SiO 2 layers are preferred.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a detal furnace according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a dental furnace according to the preamble of claim 13, which enables better temperature stability of the heating element used.
  • the invention is characterized by specially designed transition areas between sections of the heating element.
  • the transition areas are firmly connected to the heating element, but extend away from its longitudinal extension. Therefore, they are not traversed by the current that heats the heating element, so they are not actively heated by the heating current.
  • the transition regions more precisely, their respective support sections, are themselves supported, and that at a point that by the adjacent heating element sections is spaced, or at least on this.
  • the support in the furnace environment already cools the transition areas, which can also be referred to as "cold ends".
  • the cooling also causes a certain degree of cooling of the adjacent heating element sections.
  • the transition areas preferably consist of the same metallic material as the rest of the heating elements. As a result, the temperature of the heating element — viewed over its length — is automatically lowered again and again, so that short, relatively hot sections connect to short, relatively cold sections.
  • connection between the transition area and the heating element can be produced in any suitable manner. This is preferably done by welding, for example molybdenum disilicide being readily weldable after removal of any oxide layer.
  • the heating element is supported under its course by several, at least two or, depending on the length of the heating element, up to 10 cold ends or transition areas.
  • the transition areas are at least partially not flowed through by the heating current.
  • the heating element is implemented as an inductive heating element
  • parts of the transition area welded over the course of the heating element sections can also have current flowing through them over a short distance in the area of the welded connection.
  • Support area is here any location of the dental furnace e.g. its thermal insulation, which is intended for supporting the heating element.
  • a recess can be provided in the thermal insulation layer of the dental furnace for each transition region, and this recess can then carry the free end of the transition region.
  • the support portion of the transition area extends laterally away so that it ends in a free end.
  • the path can be stretched up, down, horizontally or at an angle.
  • the free end is then accommodated with play in the recess that it carries.
  • the recess in the thermal insulation is therefore preferably significantly larger than the free end of the transition region, both radially and axially.
  • the thermal expansion of the heating element is taken into account.
  • the transition areas and their associated support sections are not traversed by electricity. Therefore there is no voltage drop and therefore no heating. Rather, the support section is then surrounded by air that is colder than the temperature of the heating element. This cools the support section and thus the transition area. This also cools the associated welded joints in the transition area, and in turn the adjacent heating element sections.
  • the material of the heating element is cooled to such an extent that it is solid and in any case no longer ductile. Starting from this contact point between the transition area and the adjacent heating element sections, the temperature increases in the ductile area.
  • the heating element sections extend there with a constant cross section, as is typical with such heating elements.
  • the cross section is preferably increased at points where electrical connections are provided. This reduces the ohmic resistance of the heating element and thus the temperature at this point in a manner known per se.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous in comparison with a known mechanical support of the heating element over its course, as for example Fig. 8 of the DE 31 13 347 C2 is known. Due to the thermal expansion of the heating element there is a micro movement between such mechanical supports and the heating element, which damages the surface of the heating element, so that oxide layers can flake off in an uncontrolled manner. This can lead to complete destruction of the heating element, especially if a MoSi 2 heating element is used.
  • the electrical connections can easily be laid in the lower, cooler area of the combustion chamber. There they are typically adjacent to the power electronics.
  • very rapid heating temperature gradients of up to 300 ° per minute or more, depending on the available power and combustion chamber size, can also be achieved with the heating elements as described here. Due to the special support according to the invention, a comparatively small mass of the heating element can be used, which allows a large temperature gradient.
  • a heating element according to the invention can be meandering in any manner or can also extend essentially linearly. Meandering here means an alternating support below and above. However, the heating element can also only be supported at the top, so that the transition regions are only provided at the top and heating element loops hang down from there.
  • the contact between the actively heated heating element areas, the current-carrying heating element sections, and the thermal insulation can be avoided. Any relative movement of the unheated and cooler fasteners therefore does not result in a protective oxide layer being rubbed off or in corrosion resulting from a reduction in the melting temperature.
  • connection between the transition region and the heating element sections is preferably metallic. In any case, it is fixed in such a way that mechanical movement between the transition region and the heating element section is not possible.
  • the transition area is in one piece with the heating element.
  • the cold end of the transition region can also be specifically cooled in order to accelerate the heat dissipation from the combustion chamber if necessary. It is also favorable according to the invention that, due to the cooler heating element sections which adjoin the transition regions, less pressure stresses build up in the heating element when the heating element cools down rapidly, for example when the furnace is open. The compressive stresses cannot build up over the entire heating element in its full longitudinal extent, but only in the short, sagging sections of the heating element.
  • the oven temperature is given by the element temperature that arises on the heating element, which is in any case greater than the oven temperature.
  • the heating element consists of molybdenum disilicide or at least has molybdenum disilicide.
  • the dental furnace can then heat the molybdenum disilicide to a temperature at which the mechanical tensile strength is reduced to less than half of the respective room temperature, in particular to less than 100 MPa at a temperature of 1600 degrees Celsius. Due to the more brittle and therefore stronger oxide layer in the cooler support area, the heating element remains stable.
  • the dental furnace will heat the heating element to a temperature at which the strength of the oxide layer surrounding the heating element is greater than that of the core of the heating element.
  • the maximum oven temperature can e.g. 1800 degrees C at a heating element temperature of 1850 degrees C.
  • a bearing area for the metal element of the transition area is preferably provided in the thermal insulation. Its cold end is supported there. Heating element sections are provided adjacent to the transition area. The greatest temperature gradient in the heating element, viewed over its course, is adjacent to the transition region.
  • the thermal insulation which has passed through the heating element consists of aluminum silicate fiber or has this.
  • the cold end of the transition area, or the entire transition area, which can also be referred to as the support section of the heating element is not flowed through by the heating current and through the surroundings of the support section, in particular the thermal insulation that the support section touches, the heating element is cooled in sections.
  • the heating element is designed as a round tube or has a round tube.
  • the heating element is partially curved and arcs of the heating element are formed in the lowest region, while straight regions of the heating element extend above the arches.
  • the heating element then hangs and therefore has the greatest possible dimensional stability.
  • the heating element is designed as an induction heating element and support sections through which current does not flow and which support and hold the heating element on current-flowing heating element sections in metallic contact, in particular in one piece.
  • transition areas are cooled at their free ends, in particular on this side of the thermal insulation, in particular by active cooling.
  • the heating element sections are connected to one another or adjoin one another by transition regions or supporting sections, which are at least partially not flowed through by current, and the heating element, which - based on its electrical connections - extends downwards in its course support.
  • the heating element consists of molybdenum disilicide or has more than 50% molybdenum disilicide.
  • the surface of the heating element is oxidized by heating.
  • the firing and sintering of dental ceramics is intended for temperatures from 1300 ° C to 1800 ° C.
  • the oxide layer has a higher strength than the metallic core of the heating element at high temperatures such as 1300 to 1850 degrees.
  • the oxidation increases at higher temperatures. This leads to an oxide layer, the thickness of which depends on the temperature, that is to say thicker at hot points in the heating element and thinner at colder points.
  • the heating element is preferably checked regularly in this respect.
  • the dental furnace is brought to an oxidation temperature of the molybdenum disilicide, but without the adjustment of dental restoration parts.
  • Fig. 1 shows a heating element 10 as part of a furnace according to the invention, in particular a dental furnace, the heating element having thickened regions 12, 14. At the lower end of the thickened areas there are electrical connections 16, 18 which are in Fig. 1 are not shown.
  • the heating element 10 extends upward from the thickened regions and has vertical legs 20, 22. In the actual heating area 24, viewed in plan view, it is arranged in a circle and surrounds a combustion chamber (not shown). It is housed in thermal insulation in an annular recess that is open inward.
  • the heating element 10 is supported there at its lower end, specifically in three places in the illustrated embodiment. For this purpose, the heating element is meandering, so to speak, so that three heating element loops open at the top and three heating element loops open at the bottom are formed.
  • the heating element loops 26, 28 and 30 which are open at the top are rounded at the bottom, and there the heating element is supported in the heating area 24.
  • the support there has the disadvantage that mechanical contact is achieved between the heating element hot there and the insulation which is cooler than that.
  • the heating element also expands due to the heating, so that there is a relative movement between the thermal insulation and the heating element.
  • the SiO 2 layer is damaged and the dental restoration may become discolored. If you do without this contact, then the mechanical strength is at too high temperatures of the heating element is insufficient, this subsequently leads to deformation and ultimately nevertheless to contact with the thermal insulation surrounding the heating element.
  • Transitional areas 34, 36, 38 and 40 are formed.
  • the transition areas have metallic elements which are intensively connected to the heating element 10, in particular welded on.
  • the metallic elements which can also be referred to as support sections, extend laterally in the heating region 24, viewed from the heating element along its course.
  • the support section is understood to mean the metallic element which extends transversely to the main direction of extension of the heating element 10. Together with the welded connection or other metallic connection to the adjacent heating sections, it forms the transition area. Each transition area borders - as can be seen from the figures - on 2 heating sections.
  • transition regions and, of course, their associated support sections extend with their free ends into recesses, not shown, into the thermal insulation. There they are supported, namely vertically with respect to the downwardly extending metal element or support section 40 and laterally with respect to the upwardly extending metal elements or support sections 32-38.
  • the heating element 10 is carried by the free end 42 of the support section 40 and the vertical legs 20 and 22 of the heating element. These are diametrically opposite to each other in relation to the circle of the heating element.
  • the support sections 32-40 are designed as U-shaped arches, the middle leg of which is welded to the heating element.
  • the U-shaped arc then extends with its open end away from the open end of the adjacent heating element loops 26 to 30.
  • heating element sections Areas of the heating element which are adjacent to the transition region and which are referred to here as heating element sections are cooled by the latter and thus stabilized. While the heating element 10 is completely flowed through by current, at least the free ends 42 of the respective transition region 30-40 or the corresponding metal element are free and are not flowed through by heating current. They are therefore automatically cooler, as it were.
  • Fig. 2b shows a further embodiment of a heating element 10 according to the invention.
  • the same or corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the metal element 34 is here also U-shaped, but with a width of the arc that corresponds to the width of the heating element loops present in each case. It is welded to the heating element 10 over a length L. Proceeding from this, two free ends 42 and 44 of the support section 34 extend away from the heating element 10, upward into the illustrated support section, after the heating element 10 extends bent downward from the length L.
  • the support section 34 has intensive metallic contact with the heating element 10. Heating element sections 48 and 50 adjoin this contact area. These are not in contact with the support section 34.
  • the temperature at the transition between the heating element section 48 or the heating element section 50 and the section L is quite low there, for example 1200 or 1300 ° C. It takes over Heating element section 48 or 50 starting from there after the heating element 10 is flowed through evenly by electricity. In the vertical legs 52 of the heating element 10, the temperature reaches its maximum value of 1850 °.
  • the heating element according to the invention can withstand this after it consists of MoSi 2 .
  • the hot and ductile area between the upper and lower heating element sections is accordingly comparatively short in the entire heating area 24, which benefits mechanical stability, so that the heating element can be moved to the limits of the ductile area.
  • a further modified embodiment of the invention is from Fig. 3a evident.
  • the transition areas are designed as support sections e 32, 34, 36 and 38, which extend exclusively at the top of the heating element.
  • the metal elements are each bent in a U-shape, the direction of extension of the open Us being radially outward, so that the metal elements extend horizontally.
  • the heating element loops 26, 28, 30 are suspended from the adjacent support sections 32 to 38.
  • the vertical legs 20 and 22 of the Heating element 10 are also both supported by the adjacent support sections 36 and 38 and supported by the thickened areas 12 and 14.
  • FIG. 3b Another embodiment, which is compared to the embodiment in Fig. 3a something is modified is out Fig. 3b evident.
  • the U-shaped support sections e 32 and 34 are wider, but in turn extend radially outwards and horizontally.
  • FIG. 4a A further modified embodiment of the heating element 10 according to the invention can be seen.
  • the support sections e 32, 34, 36 and 38 are each designed as rods which extend radially outward to form the cold ends and are welded to the relevant heating element loops at the top.
  • support is provided in bores or recesses in the thermal insulation; the heating element loops 26, 28 and 30 sag from there downwards.
  • Fig. 4a The embodiment according to Fig. 4a is in Fig. 4b slightly modified in a different perspective and in a different representation.
  • the cold ends or support sections 32 to 38 are slightly longer in this embodiment and accordingly somewhat colder than in FIG Fig. 4a .
  • FIG. 5 Another embodiment of a heating element according to the invention can be seen.
  • the embodiment according to the 5 to 7 are shown in the development, which means that they extend in a circle, but are shown here linear.
  • heating element connections 60 and 62 are provided. These are supported on a thermal insulation layer 64.
  • the thermal insulation layer 64 is penetrated by the heating element 10, three heating element loops 26, 28 and 30 being formed, the upper ends of which in turn each pass through the thermal insulation 64.
  • Two transition areas 34 and 36 are formed, which extend as it were on this side of the thermal insulation and are therefore cooler due to the larger line cross section.
  • electrical connections 60 and 62 are in turn provided, which laterally extend away from the heating element 10 on this side of the thermal insulation.
  • the transition regions 34 and 36 are likewise formed on this side of the thermal insulation 64, specifically by a fastening element which is supported on the thermal insulation 64.
  • the heating element loops 26 and 28 merge into one another beyond the transition region 34; this also applies equally to the heating element loops 28 and 30 with regard to the transition region 36.
  • the current flow does not run through the transition regions 34 and 36 on this side of the thermal insulation 64, but only beyond the thermal insulation 64.
  • the current flow forms an area providing the heating power, the heat treatment area in which the heating elements 10 extend, or at least partially extend.
  • transition areas are formed by support sections 34 and 36, which are supported with their cold free ends on the thermal insulation 64 and are welded to the heating element 10. This solution allows material-saving and bending-saving production.
  • FIG. 8 Another embodiment of the invention is from Fig. 8 evident.
  • the cold ends or transition regions 34, 36, 38 and 40 extend vertically, the relevant heating element loops 26, 28 and 30 being suspended by this solution.
  • the support sections 34 to 40 are clamped to the thermal insulation.
  • Fig. 9 a solution with identical parts can be seen, which is accordingly quite inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the identical parts are each welded to one another, a short cold end 66 being combined with a long cold end 68 at the transition regions, which are welded to one another over the length of the short cold end 66.
  • the long cold ends 68 are then each received in recesses in the thermal insulation 64, so that the heating element is supported there.
  • Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of a heating element 10 according to the invention.
  • the heating element has closed circuits, of which the circuits 70 and 72 in Fig. 10 are designated.
  • An alternating electromagnetic field induces currents in the circuits of the heating element 10 in a manner known per se. Through these and their internal resistance there is a voltage drop, i.e. power loss, which is used as heating energy.
  • the heating element is also a resistance heating element.
  • the electrical circuits include horizontal limbs 74 and 76 of the heating element 10. As a result of heating, they partially lose their strength, so that they sag in the hot state.
  • These support sections are mounted in or on the thermal insulation of the furnace, not shown here.
  • the horizontal legs are designed to be shorter than the vertical legs in order to further reduce sagging.
  • a hanging support on the posts 78, 80, 82 is also possible.
  • the inductive design of the heater it is also possible in the inductive design of the heater to use a significantly higher number of support sections, and / or also lateral support sections, that is to say those which extend transversely to the current-carrying sections of the heating element, namely horizontally or obliquely upwards or below.
  • Such support sections are then each stored with their free end in or on the thermal insulation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Four dentaire, comprenant un élément chauffant (10) qui est destiné à fournir de l'énergie de chauffage à la chambre de combustion, où l'élément chauffant (10) présente au moins une première connexion électrique (16) et une deuxième connexion électrique (18) et est conçu comme un élément chauffant résistif, où chaque connexion électrique s'appuie sur le four dentaire à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion et porte respectivement une partie adjacente de l'élément chauffant (10) qui est parcourue par le courant, caractérisé en ce que en ce que l'élément chauffant (10) présente au moins deux sections d'élément chauffant (48, 50) parcourues par le courant, qui se rejoignent dans une zone de transition (34) non parcourue par le courant et/ou qui s'étend latéralement à partir de la section d'élément chauffant (48, 50), en ce que la zone de transition (34) soutient au moins les deux sections d'élément chauffant (48, 50) contiguës et s'appuie pour sa part sur le four dentaire à une position distancée des connexions électriques (16, 18).
  2. Four dentaire selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque section d'élément chauffant (48, 50) est suspendue ou soutenue à ses extrémités, où une extrémité (42) d'une première section d'élément chauffant est suspendue ou soutenue au niveau de la connexion électrique et une extrémité (44) d'une dernière section d'élément chauffant est suspendue ou soutenue au niveau de l'autre connexion électrique, et en ce que les extrémités adjacentes de sections d'élément chauffant adjacentes (48, 50) sont suspendues ou soutenues conjointement au niveau de la zone de transition (34).
  3. Four dentaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des zones de transition (32, 34, 36, 38, 40) pénètrent avec leurs sections de support dans l'isolation thermique (64), et les connexions électriques (16, 18) sont disposées au-delà de l'isolation thermique (64), c'est-à-dire sur le côté en face de la chambre de combustion, et des sections d'élément chauffant (48, 50).
  4. Four dentaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des sections d'élément chauffant adjacentes (48, 50) sont reliées à une section de support (34), où les sections de support (32, 34, 36, 38, 40) divisent l'élément chauffant (10) en sections d'élément chauffant (48, 50).
  5. Four dentaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des sections de support sont soudées à l'élément chauffant (10) et que les sections de support sont montées dans ou sur une isolation thermique (64), tandis que les sections de l'élément chauffant (48, 50) s'étendent par ailleurs de ce côté de l'isolation thermique (64), c'est-à-dire du côté de sa chambre de combustion, et chauffent la chambre de combustion.
  6. Four dentaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les sections d'élément chauffant (48, 50) s'étendent suspendues vers le bas à partir d'une isolation thermique (64) et l'isolation thermique (64) forme un support pour supporter des sections de support des sections d'élément chauffant (48, 50) au-dessus de l'isolation thermique (64).
  7. Four dentaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le four dentaire est adapté pour chauffer l'élément chauffant (10) à une température d'élément de 1850° C.
  8. Four dentaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le four dentaire, sur lequel repose ou est en appui la partie de support de la zone de transition (40), refroidit et stabilise ainsi les parties adjacentes de l'élément chauffant (10) par contact thermique et par conduction de chaleur à travers la partie de support.
  9. Four dentaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant présente une couche d'oxyde et les sections de support (32, 34) présentent une couche d'oxyde qui est plus élastique thermomécaniquement que les sections de l'élément chauffant (48, 50) parcourues par le courant.
  10. Four dentaire, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant (10) est constitué de disiliciure de molybdène ou comprend principalement du disiliciure de molybdène, et en ce que le four dentaire est adapté pour chauffer le disiliciure de molybdène à une température à laquelle la résistance mécanique à la traction est réduite à moins de la moitié de celle à la température ambiante.
  11. Four dentaire, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant (19) est formé comme un élément chauffant à induction et des sections de support (34) non parcourues par le courant supportent et maintiennent des sections d'élément chauffant (48, 50) de l'élément chauffant (10) parcourues par le courant en contact métallique.
  12. Four dentaire, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les sections d'élément chauffant (48, 50) parcourues par le courant sont sans contact avec l'isolation thermique (64) et d'autres parties du four et que les sections de support (34) non parcourues par le courant qui sont en contact avec l'isolation thermique (64) sont montées de manière mobile sur l'isolation thermique pour compenser les changements dimensionnels de l'élément chauffant (10) en fonction de la température.
  13. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un four dentaire avec un élément chauffant (10) en disiliciure de molybdène ou dont l'élément chauffant (10) comprend du disiliciure de molybdène, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant (10) comprend au moins deux sections d'élément chauffant (48, 50) parcourues par le courant qui se rejoignent au niveau d'une zone de transition (34) non parcourue par le courant et/ou qui s'étend latéralement du section d'élément chauffant (48, 50), en ce que la zone de transition (34) supporte au moins les deux sections d'éléments chauffants adjacentes (48, 50) et est à son tour supportée à un endroit espacé des connexions électriques (16, 18) sur le four dentaire ;
    dans lequel l'élément chauffant (10) présentant une couche d'oxyde est soumis à une cuisson de régénération pour la cuisson et le frittage de la céramique dentaire à des températures de 1300° C à 1800° C et après des contrôles réguliers, dans lequel le four dentaire est amené à une température d'oxydation du disiliciure de molybdène, mais sans l'ajustement des pièces de restauration dentaire.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que des sections (48, 50) de l'élément chauffant sont traversées par un courant et en ce que deux sections (48, 50) de l'élément chauffant se rejoignent dans une zone de transition qui est reliée métallurgiquement à celles-ci, qui présente une section de support (34) non parcourue par le courant et qui s'étend transversalement aux sections de l'élément chauffant (48, 50) en s'éloignant de celles-ci, et en ce que la section de support (34) s'appuie à son tour sur une isolation thermique (64) du four dentaire.
EP17201096.9A 2017-11-10 2017-11-10 Four dentaire ainsi que procédé de fonctionnement d'un four dentaire Active EP3483542B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17201096.9A EP3483542B1 (fr) 2017-11-10 2017-11-10 Four dentaire ainsi que procédé de fonctionnement d'un four dentaire
US16/182,662 US11184956B2 (en) 2017-11-10 2018-11-07 Dental furnace and process for operating a dental furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17201096.9A EP3483542B1 (fr) 2017-11-10 2017-11-10 Four dentaire ainsi que procédé de fonctionnement d'un four dentaire

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EP3483542B1 true EP3483542B1 (fr) 2020-07-29

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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4267435A (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-05-12 The Kanthal Corporation Electric resistance heating element
SE8002541L (sv) 1980-04-02 1981-10-03 Bulten Kanthal Ab Anordning for uppberande av elektriska motstandselement
JPH10233277A (ja) * 1997-02-18 1998-09-02 Tokyo Electron Ltd 熱処理装置
DE102015202600A1 (de) * 2015-02-12 2016-08-18 Sirona Dental Systems Gmbh Sinterofen für Bauteile aus Sinterwerkstoff, insbesondere Dentalbauteile
EP3557172B1 (fr) * 2018-04-16 2020-10-14 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Four dentaire

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US11184956B2 (en) 2021-11-23
EP3483542A1 (fr) 2019-05-15
US20190150227A1 (en) 2019-05-16

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