EP3449688A1 - Anordnung zum schalten eines widerstands - Google Patents
Anordnung zum schalten eines widerstandsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3449688A1 EP3449688A1 EP17722409.4A EP17722409A EP3449688A1 EP 3449688 A1 EP3449688 A1 EP 3449688A1 EP 17722409 A EP17722409 A EP 17722409A EP 3449688 A1 EP3449688 A1 EP 3449688A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resistor
- switching device
- switching
- potential
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0227—Applications
- H05B1/023—Industrial applications
- H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0202—Switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/035—Electrical circuits used in resistive heating apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement comprising a heat-emitting first resistor, a control device for switching the first
- Resistor and a (in particular grounded) component which is at a potential without direct reference to a drive voltage, in particular a housing and / or chassis component, wherein the first resistor in spatial proximity to the component, in particular housing or chassis component, arranged according to claim 1 and a corresponding control method according to claim 10.
- Fig. 1 illustrates the prior art and shows a resistor which is in the vicinity of a housing and through the resistors Rl to R4
- the resistor is cooled for heat dissipation on the housing.
- the capacitors C 1 to C 5 correspond to a symbolic representation of a capacitance, which is assigned to the resistor and results from the spatially close connection of the resistor to the housing.
- the transistor M turns the resistor (Rl to R4) on or off.
- the complete resistor (R1 to R4) is at the supply voltage.
- the transistor M is now turned on, the voltage across the resistor (R1 to R4) changes.
- a lower end of R4 (in FIG. 1) goes to 0 V, while an upper end of R 1 (in FIG. 1) continues to be at supply voltage.
- the average voltage, ie one between a (in FIG. 1) lower end of R2 and a (in FIG. 1) upper end of R3 of the complete resistance (R1 to R4) corresponds to half
- the described charging and discharging of the capacitors may vary depending on
- shielding is not possible in all cases or can often only be integrated with significant additional costs.
- a shield also ensures that a possible heat connection deteriorates, since both a shielding layer and at least one further insulation layer is required.
- Filter components are relatively expensive, heavy and bulky. A slowing of the clocking (switching time) is often undesirable because the clocking is adapted to other requirements accordingly.
- an arrangement comprising a heat-emitting first resistor, a control device for switching the first resistor and a (in particular grounded) component which is at a potential without direct reference to a drive voltage, in particular a housing and / or Chassis component, to propose, wherein the first resistor is arranged in spatial proximity to the component, in particular housing or chassis component, wherein interference due to the input and
- the object is achieved by an arrangement comprising a heat-emitting first resistor, a control device for switching the first resistor and a (in particular earthed) component, which preferably at a potential without (direct) reference to a
- Drive voltage is, in particular a housing and / or chassis component, wherein the first resistor is arranged in spatial proximity to the component, in particular housing or chassis component, and having a first and a second terminal, wherein the control device comprises a first switching device and a second switching device, wherein the first switching device, the first resistor and the second switching device are connected in series in the order named and thus form a series circuit.
- a compensation device is provided and configured such that in the on state of the first resistor a voltage is applied between the first and the second terminal, so that the first terminal is at a first potential and the second terminal is at a first potential second potential, wherein the first resistor in the off-state at an intermediate potential, which lies between the first and the second potential, is held, in particular, at least approximately, half
- the first resistance is generally a resistance that couples against a foreign potential.
- the control device is configured (alternatively or in addition to the first preferred aspect), the first
- Resistor pulse-width modulated to control with first and second
- Switching device are switched synchronously.
- a central idea of the first aspect of the invention is that the (first) resistance in the off-state is maintained at an intermediate potential which lies between the first and the second potential.
- Intermediate potential corresponding voltage may correspond for example 30 to 70, preferably 45 to 55, more preferably 48 to 52, even more preferably (at least about) 50% of the voltage applied in the on state to the first terminal of the (first) resistor (which as a rule is the "supply voltage")
- Compensating means compensate for currents generated by capacitances between the (first) resistor and the housing, at least partially (ideally completely).
- a current flowing in a capacitance corresponding to a resistance section the
- Resistance sections correspond. Ideally, no electricity is flowing through a ground connection. The same (in the reverse direction) is enabled when the two switching devices are turned off synchronously.
- a key idea of the second aspect of the invention is that the resistor is driven pulse-modulated, but not via only one switching device, but synchronously (simultaneously) over the two
- Compensation device (with the resistors described below and the connection line described below) may be omitted (or is optional).
- This compensation device essentially plays a role only when the switching devices are started up or switched on for the first time and can then in particular reduce an EMC interference.
- the compensation device plays no (or - if provided - at best a small) role more, as then by a ( almost) synchronous switching of the two switching devices (instead of only one switching device) effectively an equal or at least similar effect can be achieved.
- the two switching devices on both sides of the resistor (in particular heating resistor) in the current PWM operation not the complete voltage swing at the PWM switching, but a lower voltage swing (in particular at least approximately only the half).
- the above compensation device thus has the particular advantage that when switching on for the first time (start-up) or during the final switch-off
- control device is configured such that the two switching devices can be switched synchronously (in particular simultaneously).
- Resistance ie a change from on-state to off-state
- a switching of the switching devices to distinguish ie a change from on-state to off-state
- turning on the resistor is to be understood in particular as a first startup (after a longer break, for example of at least 10 seconds or at least one minute).
- On off- Switching is accordingly to be understood in particular as a definitive (at least for the duration of at least 10 seconds or at least one minute) of a shutdown of the resistor (or disconnection of the resistor from the resistor)
- the resistor (especially heater resistor) is still in the on state.
- the first or second switching device can be switched off in an on state of the resistor (ie, block a current). Relative to the switching devices should be between a switch-on time (ie a period of time in which the switching device does not block power) and a switch-off duration (ie a period in which the switching device blocks the power)
- the switching devices are referred to the time of start-up of the resistor, the term "first-time" switching of the respective switching device should be used.
- the switching devices are referred to as shutting down the resistor, the intention is to turn off "final" of the
- Switching devices be the talk. Again, an initial power, especially as switching after an interruption of at least 10 seconds or at least one minute to be understood. Similarly, a final switch off should mean an interruption of the operation of the resistor (heating resistor) of at least 10 seconds, preferably at least one minute.
- a “minimum distance” of less than 1 cm, in particular less than 0.5 cm, between the resistor and the component is intended to mean a “spatial proximity" between the (first) resistance and the component (eg housing)
- the “minimum distance” is the smallest distance when a distance between resistor and component (spatially, i.e. along a
- the (first) resistance is preferably the resistance of an electrical one
- Heating device in particular electrical Schichtloomleaned.
- electrical Layer heaters include a heating resistor that extends flat and heats when passing an electrical current.
- the resistor is a resistor which is arranged for dissipating heat in spatial proximity to a (in particular grounded) component, which is preferably at a potential without direct reference to a drive voltage, in particular to a housing and / or a chassis component .
- the resistor can generally be a heating resistor, that is to say that component via which heat is generated in a heating device for heating or another resistor which possibly has to be cooled.
- control device comprises a
- Switching means, first resistor and second switching means are connected in parallel, wherein the connecting line is a point between the second and the third resistor with a point between the two
- a high-resistance resistor is understood to be a resistor whose resistance value is significantly higher (for example at least twice or at least five times) than the resistance value of the first one
- Resistance lies.
- (high-impedance) resistance at least 1 kQ, preferably at least 1 ⁇ .
- Compensation device having an active circuit, which causes a corresponding voltage (in particular center voltage) can be set on the first resistor.
- a resistance of the second resistor and a resistance of the third resistor differ by at most 10%.
- the resistance values of the second and third resistors (at least essentially) the same size.
- the difference (of at most 10%) should be calculated by first forming a difference of the resistance values and dividing this difference by the smaller resistance value (and then multiplying by 100 to get a percentage value).
- the resistors are essentially (or at least substantially) the same size, disturbances, as described above, can be significantly reduced or, ideally, even completely avoided.
- connection line may be connected (approximately) at a center of the first resistor.
- First and / or second switching device are preferably formed as a transistor, in particular MOSFET or IGBT, or comprise such a transistor (MOSFET or IGBT), preferably based on silicon or silicon carbide or gallium arsenide. This provides a structure that can be switched quickly and reliably.
- the arrangement according to the first aspect preferably comprises a
- Control device configured, first and second
- the (preferably synchronous) circuit can also be provided by another component which is not necessarily part of the arrangement.
- the arrangement according to the first aspect is principally characterized in that (in electrical terms) a structure is provided which (in the case of a preferably synchronous circuit) has a corresponding structure
- a support device in particular comprising one or more capacitances, for example parallel to the second and / or third resistor, for supporting a voltage corresponding to the intermediate potential (in particular center voltage) provided.
- first and second switching devices can not be switched on synchronously "100%", depending on the switching time and the time difference, this leads to a different current flowing through an earth connection. to mitigate the effect of the time shift, in the simplest case are
- Capacitors connected in parallel to the second and third (high resistance) resistor.
- a microcontroller and / or FPGA can be provided.
- An FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- Microcontroller or FPGA are provided for controlling the circuit of the first and / or second switching device, in particular for re-sharpening a switching time of the first and second switching device. This can also significantly mitigate difficulties with regard to a "timing" of the two switching devices (in particular transistors or MOSFETs or IGBTs, preferably based on silicon or silicon carbide or gallium arsenide), by sharpening this "timing" to achieve the highest possible degree of synchrony. This can be done an effective compensation.
- the arrangement may further comprise a power source, in particular a DC power source.
- a power source in particular a DC power source.
- a power source can also be provided externally, so that the arrangement only corresponding connections to
- Switching device less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a
- a clock rate (frequency) of the PWM drive is preferably in a range of 1 kHz to 30 kHz, more preferably 8 kHz to 25 kHz.
- Pulse width (duty cycle) of the PWM drive is preferably in the range of 1% to 100% of a clock.
- a control method for switching a in close proximity to a (in particular grounded) component, which is preferably at a potential without (direct) reference to a drive voltage, in particular to one Housing and / or chassis component, arranged heat-emitting, first resistor having a first and a second terminal.
- a control method for switching a in close proximity to a (in particular grounded) component, which is preferably at a potential without (direct) reference to a drive voltage, in particular to one Housing and / or chassis component, arranged heat-emitting, first resistor having a first and a second terminal.
- Intermediate potential which is located between the first and the second potential, is held, in particular, at least approximately, half
- the (first) resistor (in particular heating resistor) is driven in a pulse-width-modulated manner, wherein a first switching device assigned to the first connection and a second, the second connection
- associated switching device can be switched synchronously.
- a first switching device associated with the first port and a second switching device associated with the second port are synchronously (in particular simultaneously) switched, at least at the first switching on and final switching off.
- Switching device and a switch-on of the second switching device is preferably less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a
- Switching device and a switch-off of the second switching device less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a turn-on period of the first switching device.
- the electric heater may also include a (clocked) wire heater or a PCT element as a heating element.
- the electric layer heater may include a heating layer that forms an electrical resistance and is heated by flowing a current through the heating layer, so that heat for heating can be given off.
- the heating layer for example, in a
- Plasma coating process in particular plasma spraying, or in a screen printing process or as a resistor paste, in particular on the
- Insulating layer to be applied In the plasma coating method, for example, first an electrically conductive layer, in particular on the insulating layer, are applied. Subsequently areas can be cut out of the electrically conductive layer so that one printed conductor or a plurality of printed conductors remain. Preferably, however, a masking technique is used. The printed conductors can then form the heating resistor or several heating resistors. The regions mentioned can alternatively be cut out of the conductive layer by means of a masking technique, for example by means of a laser.
- the heating coating for example, a
- nickel and / or chromium for example, 70-90% nickel and 10-30% chromium can be used, with a ratio of 80% nickel to 20% chromium being considered to be well suited.
- the heating coating may, for example, occupy an area of at least 5 cm 2 , preferably at least 10 cm 2 and / or at most 200 cm 2 , preferably at most 100 cm 2 .
- the heating coating preferably has a height (thickness) of at least 5 ⁇ , preferably at least 10 ⁇ and / or at most a 1 mm, preferably at most 500 ⁇ , even more preferably at most 30 ⁇ , even more preferably at most 20 ⁇ .
- a conductor track defined by the heating coating may be at least 1 mm, preferably at least 3 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, even more preferably at least 10 mm, even more preferably at least 30 mm wide.
- the term "width" is intended to mean the extent of the conductor perpendicular to its longitudinal extension (the
- the arrangement according to the invention can be designed for operation in the low-voltage range, preferably for 12 volts, 24 volts or 48 volts.
- the term "low-voltage range” should preferably be understood to mean an operating voltage of less than 100 V, in particular less than 60 V (DC).
- the arrangement according to the invention (and in particular a possibly provided heating coating) is for operation in the high-voltage range, preferably for more than 100 V volts or above 250 V or more than 500 V, for example in a range of 250-800 V.
- the effects of the prior art which are to be avoided, which are to be avoided, are particularly pronounced possibly provided heating coating designed for operation with direct current.
- the layer heating or heating coating can basically as in
- WO 2013/186106 AI and / or WO 2013/030048 AI described be trained.
- heaters are described which have an electrical heating layer which heats when an electrical voltage (or the flow of a current) is applied.
- the resistors already mentioned can basically be made of any electrically conductive material, but are preferably made of metal.
- the arrangement according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention and in particular the electric heating device are preferably for the
- Fig. 1 An arrangement for power supply and circuit in the
- Fig. 2 shows an arrangement for the power supply and circuit of a in the
- Fig. 3 shows an arrangement according to FIG. 2 during a second
- Fig. 4 shows an arrangement for the power supply circuit of a resistor arranged in the vicinity of a housing according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an arrangement with a switching resistance according to the prior art.
- the to be switched Electrical resistance is shown here symbolically by the resistors Rl to R4. Basically, this is just one
- the resistors Rl to R4 shown schematically can also be regarded as resistance sections of the resistor (ie individual sections of the resistor connected in series). Alternatively, however, these may actually be structurally delimited resistors (for example, four).
- the resistor Rl to R4 is arranged close to a housing 10 for heat removal (cooling).
- the capacitors C 1 through C 5 shown in FIG. 1 correspond to a symbolic representation of a capacitance of the resistor resulting from the close arrangement on the housing.
- these capacitances can then be assigned to individual sections.
- a switch M (specifically a transistor, in particular MOSFET or IGBT) is provided, which can be switched on and off.
- the switch M is turned off, the resistor Rl to R4 is at supply voltage provided by a power supply 11. If the switch M is now switched on (for the first time), the voltage across the resistor R1 to R4 changes. The (in Fig. 1) lower end of Rl goes to 0 volts, while the (in Fig. 1) upper end of Rl continues to supply voltage.
- the capacity according to the schematic representation Cl to C5
- the capacitance C1 is fully discharged while discharging C3 to half the supply voltage.
- Half the supply voltage corresponds to the mean voltage of the complete resistor.
- the reference numeral 12 denotes a DC link capacitor.
- Other capacitors 13 and inductors 14 are components of a
- FIG. 2 shows an arrangement analogous to FIG. 1, but with differences according to the invention.
- the elements / units with the reference numerals 10 to 15 correspond to the arrangement according to the prior art of FIG. 1, so that reference is made in this regard to the statements on the prior art.
- the arrangement according to FIG. 2 comprises not only a switch M (see FIG. 1), but two switches M 1, M2 (which are in the form of transistors, preferably MOSFETs or IGBTs).
- switches M 1, M2 which are in the form of transistors, preferably MOSFETs or IGBTs.
- two (high-impedance) resistors 16, 17 are provided which have a
- Connecting line 18 are connected to the first resistor Rl to R4. Specifically, first switching devices Ml, first resistor Rl to R4 and second switching device M2 are connected in series. In parallel, second (high-impedance) resistor 16 and third (high-impedance) resistor 17 are connected.
- the connecting line 18 is connected on the one hand between the (high-impedance) resistors 16, 17 and on the other hand connected to the resistor Rl to R4. Concretely, the connection line may be connected between a second resistance portion R2 and a third resistance portion R3 (in the sectional view). However, this is not mandatory.
- the connecting line could also be arranged, for example (in FIG. 2), above R 1 or below R 3, etc.
- the switches M1, M2 are switched synchronously (simultaneously).
- switching devices Ml and M2 can reverse the unwanted current
- capacitors may also support the center voltage applied to the resistors R1 through R4 in the off state of the switching devices M1 and M2 in order to defuse the effect of the time shift.
- these capacitors can be parallel to the two
- the switching devices M l, M2 are controlled by a controller 19 (not shown in detail).
- the (high-impedance) resistors 16, 17 and the connecting line 18 are elements of a compensation device 20 which ensures (as described above) that in the (finally) switched-off state of the switching devices Ml, M2 a center voltage is applied to the resistor Rl to R4.
- a (fast) control unit such as a
- MOSFETs Re-sharpen switching devices
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention. This corresponds to the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 with the difference that the
- the resistor R1-R4 is PWM-driven.
- the switching devices are switched synchronously not only when first switching on and the first time off, but also during operation of the resistor R1-R4 (ie during the on-state of the resistor). This can disturbances during the PWM control of the resistor (in particular
- a PWM control of the resistor R1-R4 also takes place in the first embodiment according to FIG. 2-3 (in particular as described with regard to FIG. 4).
- Rl - R4 resistors (as a symbolic representation of a total resistance)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016108005.5A DE102016108005A1 (de) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | Anordnung zum Schalten eines Widerstandes |
PCT/EP2017/060297 WO2017186958A1 (de) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-04-28 | Anordnung zum schalten eines widerstands |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3449688A1 true EP3449688A1 (de) | 2019-03-06 |
EP3449688B1 EP3449688B1 (de) | 2020-03-04 |
Family
ID=58692477
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17722409.4A Active EP3449688B1 (de) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-04-28 | Anordnung zum schalten eines widerstands |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11665782B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3449688B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6820495B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102145678B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN109076645B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016108005A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017186958A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3708696A (en) * | 1971-01-28 | 1973-01-02 | Ranco Inc | Zero voltage switch means for control of electric load circuit |
US3780263A (en) * | 1972-05-10 | 1973-12-18 | R Kuzyk | Thermal control apparatus |
SE389208B (sv) * | 1975-03-27 | 1976-10-25 | Pressmaster Ab | Styrkrets for reglering av tillforseln av elektrisk energi till en vermealstrande forbrukare |
US4048513A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1977-09-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Rectifier controlled circuit |
US5105067A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1992-04-14 | Environwear, Inc. | Electronic control system and method for cold weather garment |
JP3508363B2 (ja) * | 1995-05-11 | 2004-03-22 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用電源システム |
CN1235569A (zh) * | 1996-11-01 | 1999-11-17 | 乔治·H·米利 | 利用惯性静电约束放电等离子体的等离子体喷射源 |
US6392542B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2002-05-21 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Occupant sensor |
US6455820B2 (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2002-09-24 | Kenneth A. Bradenbaugh | Method and apparatus for detecting a dry fire condition in a water heater |
WO2001092900A1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2001-12-06 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Occupant sensor |
US7256371B2 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2007-08-14 | Integrated Electronic Solutions Pty Ltd. | Temperature control method for positive temperature coefficient type heating element |
US8305092B2 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2012-11-06 | Tk Holdings Inc. | Capacitive sensing system and method |
DE102011007817A1 (de) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-25 | Webasto Ag | Elektrische Heizung, Fahrzeug mit elektrischer Heizung sowie Verfahren zum Steuern einer elektrischen Heizung |
US8941956B2 (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2015-01-27 | Railpower, Llc | Switching ground tether circuit |
DE102011081831A1 (de) | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | Webasto Ag | Elektrische Heizeinheit, Heizvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Heizeinheit |
US20130172964A1 (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2013-07-04 | Gary N. Mills | Heating system for patient thermal management |
DE202012013008U1 (de) | 2012-01-16 | 2014-06-17 | Webasto SE | Elektrische Heizung |
DE102012209936A1 (de) | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | Webasto Ag | Elektrische Heizeinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
CN105228412B (zh) * | 2015-08-24 | 2018-09-14 | 中磊电子(苏州)有限公司 | 加热装置 |
-
2016
- 2016-04-29 DE DE102016108005.5A patent/DE102016108005A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-04-28 JP JP2018555223A patent/JP6820495B2/ja active Active
- 2017-04-28 CN CN201780026512.7A patent/CN109076645B/zh active Active
- 2017-04-28 WO PCT/EP2017/060297 patent/WO2017186958A1/de active Application Filing
- 2017-04-28 US US16/095,829 patent/US11665782B2/en active Active
- 2017-04-28 KR KR1020187030978A patent/KR102145678B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-04-28 EP EP17722409.4A patent/EP3449688B1/de active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3449688B1 (de) | 2020-03-04 |
KR102145678B1 (ko) | 2020-08-18 |
JP2019516224A (ja) | 2019-06-13 |
JP6820495B2 (ja) | 2021-01-27 |
DE102016108005A1 (de) | 2017-11-02 |
US11665782B2 (en) | 2023-05-30 |
US20210227631A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
KR20180124124A (ko) | 2018-11-20 |
CN109076645A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
WO2017186958A1 (de) | 2017-11-02 |
CN109076645B (zh) | 2021-04-23 |
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