EP3449688A1

EP3449688A1 - Assembly for switching a resistor

Info

Publication number: EP3449688A1
Application number: EP17722409.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alexander HENNE; Norbert BOTZENMAYER; Hans Rechberger; Heinz Seiler
Original assignee: Webasto SE
Current assignee: Webasto SE
Priority date: 2016-04-29
Filing date: 2017-04-28
Publication date: 2019-03-06
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-28
Also published as: KR20180124124A; JP2019516224A; US20210227631A1; KR102145678B1; CN109076645B; WO2017186958A1; EP3449688B1; CN109076645A; JP6820495B2; US11665782B2; DE102016108005A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an assembly, comprising a heat-releasing first resistor (R1 to R4), a control device for switching the first resistor (R1 to R4), and a component, in particular a grounded component, that lies at a potential not directly related to a control voltage, in particular a housing or a chassis component (10), wherein the first resistor (R1 to R4) is arranged in close spatial proximity to the component, in particular housing (10), and has a first and a second connection, wherein the control device comprises a first switching device (M1) and a second switching device (M2), wherein the first switching device (M1), the first resistor (R1 to R4), and the second switching device (M2) are connected in series in the stated order and therefore form a series circuit, wherein a compensation device (20) is provided and is configured in such a way that, in the ON state of the first resistor (R1 to R4), a voltage is present between the first and the second connections, such that the first connection is at a first potential and the second connection is at a second potential, wherein, in the OFF state, the resistor (R1 to R4) is held at an intermediate potential, which lies between the first and the second potentials, in particular at, at least approximately, half of the supply voltage and/or wherein the control device is configured to control the first resistor with pulse-width modulation, wherein the first and the second switching devices are switched synchronously.

Description

Arrangement for switching a resistor Description

The invention relates to an arrangement comprising a heat-emitting first resistor, a control device for switching the first

Resistor and a (in particular grounded) component, which is at a potential without direct reference to a drive voltage, in particular a housing and / or chassis component, wherein the first resistor in spatial proximity to the component, in particular housing or chassis component, arranged according to claim 1 and a corresponding control method according to claim 10.

Fig. 1 illustrates the prior art and shows a resistor which is in the vicinity of a housing and through the resistors Rl to R4

symbolically represented. The resistor is cooled for heat dissipation on the housing.

The capacitors C 1 to C 5 correspond to a symbolic representation of a capacitance, which is assigned to the resistor and results from the spatially close connection of the resistor to the housing.

The transistor M turns the resistor (Rl to R4) on or off. When transistor M is turned off, the complete resistor (R1 to R4) is at the supply voltage. When the transistor M is now turned on, the voltage across the resistor (R1 to R4) changes. A lower end of R4 (in FIG. 1) goes to 0 V, while an upper end of R 1 (in FIG. 1) continues to be at supply voltage. The average voltage, ie one between a (in FIG. 1) lower end of R2 and a (in FIG. 1) upper end of R3 of the complete resistance (R1 to R4) corresponds to half

Supply voltage. This has the consequence that the capacity (C1 to C5) is completely or at least partially discharged in this schematic example. For example, Cl discharges "fully" while C3 discharges to half the supply voltage, which on average means that the entire capacity is discharged by half the supply voltage.

When the transistor M is turned off, this phenomenon is repeated in principle. The capacities are not discharged, but (until the

Supply voltage).

The described charging and discharging of the capacitors may vary depending on

Speed lead to significant electromagnetic interference (both conducted and radiated disturbances).

In particular, when the resistor (R1 to R4) is switched quickly (and has a distributed capacitance to ground), noise may occur on a housing and / or a cable shield and / or ground lines. usual

Countermeasures are:

- A shield so that the resistance is no longer coupled to ground potential,

- filter components (common mode choke, Y capacitors),

- Slowing of the clocking (switching frequency, switching time).

However, shielding is not possible in all cases or can often only be integrated with significant additional costs. A shield also ensures that a possible heat connection deteriorates, since both a shielding layer and at least one further insulation layer is required.

Depending on the application (in terms of voltage and current) can

Filter components are relatively expensive, heavy and bulky. A slowing of the clocking (switching time) is often undesirable because the clocking is adapted to other requirements accordingly.

It is therefore an object of the present invention, an arrangement comprising a heat-emitting first resistor, a control device for switching the first resistor and a (in particular grounded) component which is at a potential without direct reference to a drive voltage, in particular a housing and / or Chassis component, to propose, wherein the first resistor is arranged in spatial proximity to the component, in particular housing or chassis component, wherein interference due to the input and

Turning off the resistor and / or due to a pulse width modulation in a simple manner to be reduced. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to propose a corresponding control method.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

In particular, the object is achieved by an arrangement comprising a heat-emitting first resistor, a control device for switching the first resistor and a (in particular earthed) component, which preferably at a potential without (direct) reference to a

Drive voltage is, in particular a housing and / or chassis component, wherein the first resistor is arranged in spatial proximity to the component, in particular housing or chassis component, and having a first and a second terminal, wherein the control device comprises a first switching device and a second switching device, wherein the first switching device, the first resistor and the second switching device are connected in series in the order named and thus form a series circuit. According to a first preferred aspect of the invention, a compensation device is provided and configured such that in the on state of the first resistor a voltage is applied between the first and the second terminal, so that the first terminal is at a first potential and the second terminal is at a first potential second potential, wherein the first resistor in the off-state at an intermediate potential, which lies between the first and the second potential, is held, in particular, at least approximately, half

Supply voltage is maintained. The first resistance is generally a resistance that couples against a foreign potential. According to a second preferred aspect of the invention, the control device is configured (alternatively or in addition to the first preferred aspect), the first

Resistor pulse-width modulated to control, with first and second

Switching device are switched synchronously.

A central idea of the first aspect of the invention is that the (first) resistance in the off-state is maintained at an intermediate potential which lies between the first and the second potential. A the

Intermediate potential corresponding voltage may correspond for example 30 to 70, preferably 45 to 55, more preferably 48 to 52, even more preferably (at least about) 50% of the voltage applied in the on state to the first terminal of the (first) resistor ( which as a rule is the "supply voltage")

Compensating means compensate for currents generated by capacitances between the (first) resistor and the housing, at least partially (ideally completely). In a (synchronous) in particular first switching on the two switching devices, a current flowing in a capacitance corresponding to a resistance section, the

is comparatively close to the first switching device, taken up by a capacitance corresponding to a resistance section which is comparatively close to the second switching device. The same applies to additional capacities or capacity shares, the corresponding (mirror image)

Resistance sections correspond. Ideally, no electricity is flowing through a ground connection. The same (in the reverse direction) is enabled when the two switching devices are turned off synchronously.

A key idea of the second aspect of the invention is that the resistor is driven pulse-modulated, but not via only one switching device, but synchronously (simultaneously) over the two

Switching devices. In this context, then the

Compensation device (with the resistors described below and the connection line described below) may be omitted (or is optional). This compensation device essentially plays a role only when the switching devices are started up or switched on for the first time and can then in particular reduce an EMC interference. In a PWM control or subsequent switching operations during operation (eg, with continuous heating current, if the resistor is a heating resistor), the compensation device plays no (or - if provided - at best a small) role more, as then by a ( almost) synchronous switching of the two switching devices (instead of only one switching device) effectively an equal or at least similar effect can be achieved. Ultimately, due to the two switching devices on both sides of the resistor (in particular heating resistor) in the current PWM operation not the complete voltage swing at the PWM switching, but a lower voltage swing (in particular at least approximately only the half).

The above compensation device thus has the particular advantage that when switching on for the first time (start-up) or during the final switch-off

(Shutdown) of the resistor (heating resistor) a single pulse at this time is compensated or at least minimized. For the

Compensating for disturbances during operation (ie during a PWM control), such a compensation device (with the resistors and the connecting line described below) is not absolutely necessary. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention (according to the second aspect) that the control device is configured such that the two switching devices can be switched synchronously (in particular simultaneously).

Basically, is between switching on the resistor (ie a change from off state to on state or a turn off the

Resistance, ie a change from on-state to off-state) and a switching of the switching devices to distinguish. In this sense, turning on the resistor (in particular heating resistor) is to be understood in particular as a first startup (after a longer break, for example of at least 10 seconds or at least one minute). On off- Switching is accordingly to be understood in particular as a definitive (at least for the duration of at least 10 seconds or at least one minute) of a shutdown of the resistor (or disconnection of the resistor from the resistor)

Power source). Even with a PWM control it comes to extremely short (separated by the individual pulses) interruptions in the supply.

During these very short breaks, however, the resistor (especially heater resistor) is still in the on state. In other words, therefore, the first or second switching device can be switched off in an on state of the resistor (ie, block a current). Relative to the switching devices should be between a switch-on time (ie a period of time in which the switching device does not block power) and a switch-off duration (ie a period in which the switching device blocks the power)

be differentiated. In particular, when the switching devices are referred to the time of start-up of the resistor, the term "first-time" switching of the respective switching device should be used. When the switching devices are referred to as shutting down the resistor, the intention is to turn off "final" of the

Switching devices be the talk. Again, an initial power, especially as switching after an interruption of at least 10 seconds or at least one minute to be understood. Similarly, a final switch off should mean an interruption of the operation of the resistor (heating resistor) of at least 10 seconds, preferably at least one minute.

A "minimum distance" of less than 1 cm, in particular less than 0.5 cm, between the resistor and the component is intended to mean a "spatial proximity" between the (first) resistance and the component (eg housing)

be understood. The "minimum distance" is the smallest distance when a distance between resistor and component (spatially, i.e. along a

Extension of a gap) is not constant. Resistor and component, however, should be spaced from each other in that there is no short circuit between the resistor and the housing. The (first) resistance is preferably the resistance of an electrical one

Heating device, in particular electrical Schichtheizeinrichtung. electrical Layer heaters include a heating resistor that extends flat and heats when passing an electrical current. In general, the resistor is a resistor which is arranged for dissipating heat in spatial proximity to a (in particular grounded) component, which is preferably at a potential without direct reference to a drive voltage, in particular to a housing and / or a chassis component , The resistor can generally be a heating resistor, that is to say that component via which heat is generated in a heating device for heating or another resistor which possibly has to be cooled.

In an embodiment, the control device comprises a

(high-impedance) second resistor, a (high-resistance) third resistor and a connecting line, wherein the second and third resistor are connected in series with each other and with respect to the series circuit of the first

Switching means, first resistor and second switching means are connected in parallel, wherein the connecting line is a point between the second and the third resistor with a point between the two

Switching devices connects. With such a structure, the desired intermediate potential (in particular center voltage) can be adjusted in a simple manner. A high-resistance resistor is understood to be a resistor whose resistance value is significantly higher (for example at least twice or at least five times) than the resistance value of the first one

Resistance lies. For example, the resistance value of a

(high-impedance) resistance at least 1 kQ, preferably at least 1 Ω.

Alternatively or in addition to the second and third resistor, the

Compensation device having an active circuit, which causes a corresponding voltage (in particular center voltage) can be set on the first resistor.

A resistance of the second resistor and a resistance of the third resistor differ by at most 10%. Further

Preferably, the resistance values of the second and third resistors (at least essentially) the same size. The difference (of at most 10%) should be calculated by first forming a difference of the resistance values and dividing this difference by the smaller resistance value (and then multiplying by 100 to get a percentage value). In particular, when the resistors are essentially (or at least substantially) the same size, disturbances, as described above, can be significantly reduced or, ideally, even completely avoided.

For example, the above connection line may be connected (approximately) at a center of the first resistor. However, it is also conceivable (deviating) to connect the connecting line at another point (between first and second switching device), for example at (or in the vicinity of) the first switching device or the second switching device or at several points.

First and / or second switching device are preferably formed as a transistor, in particular MOSFET or IGBT, or comprise such a transistor (MOSFET or IGBT), preferably based on silicon or silicon carbide or gallium arsenide. This provides a structure that can be switched quickly and reliably.

The arrangement according to the first aspect preferably comprises a

Control device configured, first and second

Switching circuit synchronously (simultaneously). In principle, however, the (preferably synchronous) circuit can also be provided by another component which is not necessarily part of the arrangement. In this respect, the arrangement according to the first aspect is principally characterized in that (in electrical terms) a structure is provided which (in the case of a preferably synchronous circuit) has a corresponding structure

Compensation in a simple manner allows.

Preferably, a support device, in particular comprising one or more capacitances, for example parallel to the second and / or third resistor, for supporting a voltage corresponding to the intermediate potential (in particular center voltage) provided. If first and second switching devices can not be switched on synchronously "100%", depending on the switching time and the time difference, this leads to a different current flowing through an earth connection. to mitigate the effect of the time shift, in the simplest case are

Capacitors connected in parallel to the second and third (high resistance) resistor.

Furthermore, a microcontroller and / or FPGA can be provided. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is an integrated circuit (in which a logic circuit can be programmed). Microcontroller or FPGA are provided for controlling the circuit of the first and / or second switching device, in particular for re-sharpening a switching time of the first and second switching device. This can also significantly mitigate difficulties with regard to a "timing" of the two switching devices (in particular transistors or MOSFETs or IGBTs, preferably based on silicon or silicon carbide or gallium arsenide), by sharpening this "timing" to achieve the highest possible degree of synchrony. This can be done an effective compensation.

The arrangement may further comprise a power source, in particular a DC power source. However, such a power source can also be provided externally, so that the arrangement only corresponding connections to

Connecting a power source has.

Preferably, a time interval between a switch-on time of the first switching device and a switch-on time of the second

Switching device less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a

On time of the first switching device. Alternatively or additionally, a time interval between a switch-off time of the first

Switching device and a switch-off of the second switching device less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a turn-on period of the first switching device. A clock rate (frequency) of the PWM drive is preferably in a range of 1 kHz to 30 kHz, more preferably 8 kHz to 25 kHz. A

Pulse width (duty cycle) of the PWM drive is preferably in the range of 1% to 100% of a clock.

The above object is further achieved by a control method, in particular using the above arrangement, for switching a in close proximity to a (in particular grounded) component, which is preferably at a potential without (direct) reference to a drive voltage, in particular to one Housing and / or chassis component, arranged heat-emitting, first resistor having a first and a second terminal. According to a first preferred aspect of the method, in an on-state of the first resistor, the first terminal is at a first potential and the second terminal is in an on-state at a second potential, the resistor being in an off-state on a first potential

Intermediate potential, which is located between the first and the second potential, is held, in particular, at least approximately, half

Supply voltage is maintained. According to a second preferred aspect of the method, the (first) resistor (in particular heating resistor) is driven in a pulse-width-modulated manner, wherein a first switching device assigned to the first connection and a second, the second connection

associated switching device can be switched synchronously.

Preferably, also in the first aspect of the method, a first switching device associated with the first port and a second switching device associated with the second port are synchronously (in particular simultaneously) switched, at least at the first switching on and final switching off.

A time interval between a switch-on time of the first

Switching device and a switch-on of the second switching device is preferably less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a

Switching device and a switch-off of the second switching device less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a turn-on period of the first switching device.

The above object is further achieved by an electrical heating device, in particular Schichtheizeinrichtung comprising an arrangement of the type described above and / or adapted to carry out the above

resolved control method solved. With regard to the advantages of the electric heater and the control method is on the

References to the above-described arrangement. The electric heater may also include a (clocked) wire heater or a PCT element as a heating element.

The electric layer heater may include a heating layer that forms an electrical resistance and is heated by flowing a current through the heating layer, so that heat for heating can be given off.

The heating layer (heating coating), for example, in a

Plasma coating process, in particular plasma spraying, or in a screen printing process or as a resistor paste, in particular on the

Insulating layer to be applied. In the plasma coating method, for example, first an electrically conductive layer, in particular on the insulating layer, are applied. Subsequently areas can be cut out of the electrically conductive layer so that one printed conductor or a plurality of printed conductors remain. Preferably, however, a masking technique is used. The printed conductors can then form the heating resistor or several heating resistors. The regions mentioned can alternatively be cut out of the conductive layer by means of a masking technique, for example by means of a laser. The heating coating, for example, a

Be metal layer and optionally contain nickel and / or chromium or consist of these materials. For example, 70-90% nickel and 10-30% chromium can be used, with a ratio of 80% nickel to 20% chromium being considered to be well suited. The heating coating may, for example, occupy an area of at least 5 cm ² , preferably at least 10 cm ² and / or at most 200 cm ² , preferably at most 100 cm ² .

The heating coating preferably has a height (thickness) of at least 5 μιτι, preferably at least 10 μιτι and / or at most a 1 mm, preferably at most 500 μιτι, even more preferably at most 30 μιτι, even more preferably at most 20 μιτι. A conductor track defined by the heating coating may be at least 1 mm, preferably at least 3 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, even more preferably at least 10 mm, even more preferably at least 30 mm wide. The term "width" is intended to mean the extent of the conductor perpendicular to its longitudinal extension (the

usually also defines the direction of the current flow) are understood.

The arrangement according to the invention (and in particular a possibly provided heating coating) can be designed for operation in the low-voltage range, preferably for 12 volts, 24 volts or 48 volts. The term "low-voltage range" should preferably be understood to mean an operating voltage of less than 100 V, in particular less than 60 V (DC). <br/> <br/> Preferably, the arrangement according to the invention (and in particular a possibly provided heating coating) is for operation in the high-voltage range, preferably for more than 100 V volts or above 250 V or more than 500 V, for example in a range of 250-800 V. In a higher voltage range, the effects of the prior art which are to be avoided, which are to be avoided, are particularly pronounced possibly provided heating coating designed for operation with direct current.

The layer heating or heating coating can basically as in

WO 2013/186106 AI and / or WO 2013/030048 AI described be trained. There, heaters are described which have an electrical heating layer which heats when an electrical voltage (or the flow of a current) is applied. The resistors already mentioned can basically be made of any electrically conductive material, but are preferably made of metal.

The arrangement according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention and in particular the electric heating device are preferably for the

Use in a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle provided and / or configured accordingly.

Further embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

The invention will be described with reference to an example according to the prior art and a first embodiment, which are explained in more detail with reference to the figures. Hiebei show:

Fig. 1 An arrangement for power supply and circuit in the

Near a housing disposed resistor according to the prior art;

Fig. 2 shows an arrangement for the power supply and circuit of a in the

Near a housing disposed resistor according to a first embodiment of the invention during a first switching operation;

Fig. 3 shows an arrangement according to FIG. 2 during a second

Switching operation; and

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement for the power supply circuit of a resistor arranged in the vicinity of a housing according to a second embodiment of the invention.

In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for identical and equivalent parts.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an arrangement with a switching resistance according to the prior art. The to be switched Electrical resistance is shown here symbolically by the resistors Rl to R4. Basically, this is just one

(continuous) resistance. In this respect, the resistors Rl to R4 shown schematically can also be regarded as resistance sections of the resistor (ie individual sections of the resistor connected in series). Alternatively, however, these may actually be structurally delimited resistors (for example, four). The resistor Rl to R4 is arranged close to a housing 10 for heat removal (cooling).

The capacitors C 1 through C 5 shown in FIG. 1 correspond to a symbolic representation of a capacitance of the resistor resulting from the close arrangement on the housing. In the sectional view of the resistor Rl to R4 with four sections Rl, R2, R3 and R4, these capacitances can then be assigned to individual sections.

Furthermore, a switch M (specifically a transistor, in particular MOSFET or IGBT) is provided, which can be switched on and off. When the switch M is turned off, the resistor Rl to R4 is at supply voltage provided by a power supply 11. If the switch M is now switched on (for the first time), the voltage across the resistor R1 to R4 changes. The (in Fig. 1) lower end of Rl goes to 0 volts, while the (in Fig. 1) upper end of Rl continues to supply voltage. This has the consequence that the capacity, according to the schematic representation Cl to C5, is fully or partially discharged. For example, the capacitance C1 is fully discharged while discharging C3 to half the supply voltage. Half the supply voltage corresponds to the mean voltage of the complete resistor.

On average, the full capacity is discharged by half the supply voltage.

If the switch M (finally) is switched off, basically the same thing is repeated. However, the capacities are not discharged, but charged up to the supply voltage. This loading and unloading the Depending on the speed of the circuit, capacitors C1 to C5 can cause significant EMC interference (both conducted and non-wired)

radiated).

The reference numeral 12 denotes a DC link capacitor. Other capacitors 13 and inductors 14 are components of a

Network Imitation (LISN) and not relevant to the present invention. By the reference numeral 15, an earth connection of the housing 10 is symbolized.

FIG. 2 shows an arrangement analogous to FIG. 1, but with differences according to the invention. The elements / units with the reference numerals 10 to 15 correspond to the arrangement according to the prior art of FIG. 1, so that reference is made in this regard to the statements on the prior art.

In contrast to the prior art, however, the arrangement according to FIG. 2 comprises not only a switch M (see FIG. 1), but two switches M 1, M2 (which are in the form of transistors, preferably MOSFETs or IGBTs). In addition, two (high-impedance) resistors 16, 17 are provided which have a

Connecting line 18 are connected to the first resistor Rl to R4. Specifically, first switching devices Ml, first resistor Rl to R4 and second switching device M2 are connected in series. In parallel, second (high-impedance) resistor 16 and third (high-impedance) resistor 17 are connected. The connecting line 18 is connected on the one hand between the (high-impedance) resistors 16, 17 and on the other hand connected to the resistor Rl to R4. Concretely, the connection line may be connected between a second resistance portion R2 and a third resistance portion R3 (in the sectional view). However, this is not mandatory. The connecting line could also be arranged, for example (in FIG. 2), above R 1 or below R 3, etc.

II and 12 symbolize currents flowing when the switches Ml and M2 are turned on. The two (high-impedance) resistors 16, 17 have the same value in the present exemplary embodiment (but may also vary, if necessary, at least slightly). The switches M1, M2 are switched synchronously (simultaneously).

When Ml and M2 are switched on synchronously (especially for the first time), the current that flows in C5 is (directly) absorbed by Cl. The same applies to C4 and C2. Ideally, then no more electricity flows through the ground connection. In principle, the same thing happens (in the opposite direction) when M l and M2 are switched off synchronously. This is illustrated in FIG. Fig. 3 corresponds to Fig. 2, except that the currents II and 12 are shown flowing when switched off.

If the switching devices Ml and M2 are not turned on (exactly) synchronously, depending on the switching time and time shift, a certain current flows through the earth connection 15. Even if not (exactly) synchronously switching

However, switching devices Ml and M2 can reverse the unwanted current

be reduced at least the factor 10 (in comparison to the control of FIG. 1). Optionally, capacitors may also support the center voltage applied to the resistors R1 through R4 in the off state of the switching devices M1 and M2 in order to defuse the effect of the time shift. For example, these capacitors can be parallel to the two

(high-resistance) resistors 16, 17 may be arranged.

The switching devices M l, M2 are controlled by a controller 19 (not shown in detail). The (high-impedance) resistors 16, 17 and the connecting line 18 are elements of a compensation device 20 which ensures (as described above) that in the (finally) switched-off state of the switching devices Ml, M2 a center voltage is applied to the resistor Rl to R4.

Also, if necessary, a (fast) control unit, such as a

Microcontroller or FPGA the switching timing (timing) of the two

Re-sharpen switching devices (MOSFETs) Ml and M2 to a

to achieve a comparatively high degree of synchrony. Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention. This corresponds to the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3 with the difference that the

Compensation device (with the resistors 16, 17 and the

Connecting line 18) is not provided. In this embodiment, the resistor R1-R4 is PWM-driven. In this case, the switching devices are switched synchronously not only when first switching on and the first time off, but also during operation of the resistor R1-R4 (ie during the on-state of the resistor). This can disturbances during the PWM control of the resistor (in particular

Heizwiderstandes) compensated during operation or at least reduced. Preferably, a PWM control of the resistor R1-R4 also takes place in the first embodiment according to FIG. 2-3 (in particular as described with regard to FIG. 4).

It should be noted at this point that all parts described above, taken alone and in any combination, especially in the

Drawings shown details are claimed as essential to the invention. Variations thereof are familiar to the person skilled in the art.

reference numeral

Cl - C5 capacitors (as a symbolic representation of a total capacity)

M switching device

Ml First switching device

M2 second switching device

Rl - R4 resistors (as a symbolic representation of a total resistance)

10 housing

11 power supply

12 intermediate capacitor

13 capacity

14 inductance

15 ground connection

16 second (high resistance) resistor Third (high resistance) resistance connection line

control device

compensator

Claims

claims

1. Arrangement, comprising a heat-emitting first resistor (Rl to R4), a control device for switching the first resistor (Rl to R4) and a, in particular grounded, component, which at a potential without direct reference to a drive voltage, in particular a housing or Chassis component (10), lies,

- wherein the first resistor (Rl to R4) in spatial proximity to the component, in particular housing (10), is arranged and has a first and a second terminal,

wherein the control device comprises a first switching device (M1) and a second switching device (M2),

- Wherein first switching device (Ml), first resistor (Rl to R4) and second switching device (M2) are connected in series in said order and thus form a series circuit, wherein a compensation device (20) is provided and configured, so that in -Condition of the first resistor (Rl to R4) between the first and the second terminal, a voltage is applied, so that the first terminal is at a first potential and the second terminal is at a second potential, wherein the resistor (Rl to R4) in Off state is maintained at an intermediate potential, which is located between the first and the second potential, in particular, is maintained at least about, half supply voltage and / or wherein the control device is configured, the first

To control resistance pulse width modulated, with first and second switching device are switched synchronously.

2. Arrangement according to claim 1,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

the compensation device (20) one, in particular high-resistance second resistor (16), one, in particular high-impedance third Resistor (17) and a connecting line (18), wherein the second (16) and third (17) resistor are connected in series with each other and with respect to the series circuit of the first switching device (Ml), first resistor (Rl to R4) and second switching device (M2) are connected in parallel, wherein the connecting line (18) connects a point between the second (16) and the third (17) resistor with a point between the two switching devices (Ml, M2).

3. Arrangement according to claim 2,

d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that

a resistance value of the second resistor (16) and a

Resistance value of the third resistor (17) differ by more than 10% from each other, in particular, at least substantially, are the same size.

4. Arrangement according to claim 1, 2 or 3,

d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that

the first (Ml) and / or second (M2) switching device comprises a transistor, in particular MOSFET or IGBT, preferably based on silicon and / or silicon carbide and / or gallium arsenide.

5. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

d a d u rch e ke n ze i c h n et that

a controller (19) is provided which is configured to switch first and second switching devices (Ml, M2) synchronously (simultaneously).

6. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

marked by

a support device, in particular comprising one or more capacitances, for example parallel to the second and / or third

Resistor for supporting a voltage corresponding to the intermediate potential, in particular center voltage.

7. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

marked by

a microcontroller and / or FPGA to control the circuit of the first and / or second switching device, in particular for re-sharpening a switching time of the first and second switching device.

8. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

marked by

a power supply (11), in particular a DC power source.

9. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

a time interval between a switch-on of the first

Switching device and a switch-on of the second

Switching device is less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a switch-on of the first switching device and / or

a time interval between a switch-off of the first

Switching device and a switch-off of the second

Switching device is less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a turn-on period of the first switching device.

10. Control method, in particular using the arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, for switching a in close proximity to one, in particular grounded, component, which is at a potential without direct reference to a drive voltage, in particular a housing (10) or chassis A component, disposed heat-emitting, first resistor (Rl to R4) having a first and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal in an on state of the first

Resistor is at a first potential and the second terminal is in an on state at a second potential, wherein the resistor (Rl to R4) in an off state at an intermediate potential, which is between the first and the second potential, is held , in particular, is maintained at least approximately, half supply voltage and / or wherein the first resistor is driven pulse-width modulated, wherein a first, the first port associated

Switching device (Ml) and a second, the second terminal associated switching device (M2) are synchronized,.

11. Control method according to claim 10,

d a d u r c h e c e n c i n e s that

a time interval between a switch-on of the first

Switching device and a switch-on of the second

Switching device is less than 20%, preferably less than 5% of a switch-on of the first switching device and / or a time interval between a switch-off of the first

Switching device and a switch-off of the second

12. An electrical heating device, in particular Schichtheizeinrichtung, comprising an arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9 and / or adapted to carry out the control method for controlling the electrical resistance of the heating device according to any one of claims 10 or 11.