EP3438587B1 - Appareil et procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3438587B1
EP3438587B1 EP18187381.1A EP18187381A EP3438587B1 EP 3438587 B1 EP3438587 B1 EP 3438587B1 EP 18187381 A EP18187381 A EP 18187381A EP 3438587 B1 EP3438587 B1 EP 3438587B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
air
compressor
heat exchanger
sent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP18187381.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3438587A1 (fr
Inventor
Patrice Cavagne
Bénédicte DOS SANTOS
Yann-Pierrick LEMAIRE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority claimed from FR1757497A external-priority patent/FR3069914B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757493A external-priority patent/FR3069913B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757498A external-priority patent/FR3069916B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757495A external-priority patent/FR3069915B1/fr
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Priority to PL18187381T priority Critical patent/PL3438587T3/pl
Publication of EP3438587A1 publication Critical patent/EP3438587A1/fr
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Publication of EP3438587B1 publication Critical patent/EP3438587B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04818—Start-up of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0295—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04066—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04127—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
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    • F25J3/04781—Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping
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    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
    • F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
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    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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    • F25J2240/42—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being air
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    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/20—Control for stopping, deriming or defrosting after an emergency shut-down of the installation or for back up system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation, in particular to an apparatus using a heat exchanger to cool all the air intended for distillation.
  • the device is kept cold at least partially by two turbines, each coupled to a compressor.
  • One of the compressors has an inlet temperature above 0 ° C and the other has an inlet temperature which is an intermediate temperature of the heat exchanger, below 0 ° C or even below -50 ° vs.
  • He is known to FR-A-2851330 to connect the outlet of a cold compressor to the inlet of a turbine by parallel pipes, one passing through the main heat exchanger of the air separation unit and the other not passing through it .
  • it is recommended to send the compressed air in the cold compressor to the turbine without passing through the heat exchanger, to avoid sending too hot air.
  • the present invention proposes to overcome this problem for a method using two turbines, by installing a common shorting line connected to the inputs of the two turbines and possibly to the outputs of the two turbines, the line being equipped with an expansion valve. In this way, it is possible to start the process more quickly by sending part of the air from the cold compressor to the column, without passing either through the heat exchanger or the turbines.
  • the starting process can therefore use pipes used in normal operation but by circulating the air in the opposite direction than in normal operation. This makes it possible in particular to reduce the length of the dedicated circuits for starting and therefore their cost.
  • the apparatus comprising a column system comprising a column operating at a first pressure K1 and a column operating at a second pressure K2 lower than the first pressure.
  • the columns are thermally connected through a tank reboiler of the second column heated by nitrogen from the top of the first column.
  • Non-illustrated reflux flows enriched in nitrogen and oxygen are sent from column K1 to column K2.
  • Liquid oxygen 31 is drawn off from the tank of the second column K2 and nitrogen gas 33 is drawn off at the head of the second column. Liquid nitrogen is sent to the top of the second column through certain phases to help keep the process cool. Liquid oxygen 31 can vaporize in the heat exchanger E.
  • the apparatus comprises a first air expansion turbine T2, a second air expansion turbine T1, a first air compressor C2 coupled to the first turbine and a second air compressor C1 coupled to the second turbine.
  • the compressed air 1 at a pressure P from another compressor is divided into two fractions, a first fraction 3 of which is sent to the heat exchanger E without having been compressed to a pressure beyond pressure P.
  • a second fraction 5 is sent to the first compressor C2 where it is compressed to a pressure higher than that (P) of the first fraction 3.
  • the outlet of the first compressor C2 is connected to the inlet of this compressor by a line 25 through a V8 valve.
  • the first fraction 3 is cooled in the heat exchanger E to an intermediate temperature thereof and not having been compressed in the first compressor is sent to the first and the second turbines through the open valve CL3 and the open valves V5, V13, V4, V19.
  • the second fraction 5 cools in the heat exchanger E to an intermediate temperature thereof after being compressed in the first compressor C2. Then it is sent to the second compressor C1.
  • the expanded air from the first and second turbines is sent to the first column K1 to be separated through the valves V6, V15, V11 and the line 13.
  • the second fraction 5 is compressed in the second compressor C1, passes through the open valve CL1 and then cools in the heat exchanger before being sent in liquid form to the first column K1 through the valve V9. Valves V2 and V3 are closed.
  • valve V9 is closed and valve V3 open.
  • the air coming from the compressor C1 no longer passes to the heat exchanger E but to the inlet of the second turbine T1 through the line 23 and the open valve V3.
  • All the air cannot pass through the turbine therefore the valve V4 is open, the flow passing through the turbine being limited by the opening of the blades of the turbine and the rest of the air coming from the compressor C2 passes to the column through lines 11 and 15.
  • the temperature rise is extremely low at start-up, given the minimum compression ratio on compressor C1 thanks to the anti-pumping valve V3.
  • the first fraction 3 is taken out of the heat exchanger at an intermediate temperature thereof and having not been compressed in the first compressor is sent to the second compressor C1.
  • the second fraction 5 cools in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof after being compressed in the first compressor C2. Then it is sent to the first and second turbines. In this case, it is the first fraction 3 of the air which is diverted, in the event of starting, not to pass any more by the heat exchanger E but directly at the entry of the turbine T1 or T2, even the of them.
  • the temperature rise is extremely low at start-up, given the minimum compression ratio on compressor C1 thanks to the anti-pumping valve V3.
  • the first fraction 3 leaves a heat exchanger at an intermediate temperature thereof and, having not been compressed in the first compressor, is sent to the second compressor C2.
  • the second fraction 5 cools in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof after being compressed in the first compressor C1. Then it is sent to the first and second turbines. In this case, it is the first fraction 3 of the air which is diverted, in the event of starting, not to pass any more by the heat exchanger E but directly at the entry of the turbine T1 or T2, even the of them.
  • a differentiated operation is possible for the two turbines T1, T2.
  • it is possible to isolate the booster by closing the valve V1 and by opening the valve V2, so that the air can pass from line 5 through line 27.
  • valves V6 and V13 are closed to isolate the turbine T2 and the necessary frigories are added by adding liquid nitrogen LIN at the head of the low pressure column K2.

Description

  • L'invention est relative à un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique, en particulier à un appareil utilisant un échangeur de chaleur pour refroidir tout l'air destiné à la distillation. L'appareil est tenu en froid au moins partiellement par deux turbines, chacune couplée à un compresseur. L'un des compresseurs a une température d'entrée supérieure à 0°C et l'autre a une température d'entrée qui est une température intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur, inférieure à 0°C, voire inférieure à -50°C.
  • L'usage d'un tel compresseur connu sous le nom « compresseur froid », car ayant une température d'entrée très froide, pose des problèmes. Au moment du démarrage l'air chauffé dans le compresseur froid peut se trouver à une température supérieure à celles supportées par l'échangeur de chaleur.
  • Il est connu de FR-A-2851330 de relier la sortie d'un compresseur froide à l'entrée d'une turbine par des conduites en parallèle, une passant pas l'échangeur de chaleur principal de l'appareil de séparation d'air et l'autre n'y passant pas. Ainsi lors du démarrage des machines, il est préconisé d'envoyer l'air comprimé dans le compresseur froid à la turbine sans passer par l'échangeur de chaleur, afin d'éviter d'y envoyer de l'air trop chaud.
  • Ceci peut amener à envoyer de grandes quantités d'air chaud à l'entrée de la turbine.
  • La présente invention propose de pallier ce problème pour un procédé utilisant deux turbines, en installant une conduite de court-circuitage commune reliées aux entrées des deux turbines et éventuellement aux sorties des deux turbines, la conduite étant équipée d'une vanne de détente. De cette manière, il est possible de démarrer le procédé plus rapidement en envoyant une partie de l'air du compresseur froid à la colonne, sans passer ni par l'échangeur de chaleur ni par les turbines.
  • Selon un objet de l'invention, il est prévu un appareil selon la revendication 1. Un appareil selon le préambule de la revendication 1 est connu de WO2015/082860 . Selon d'autres objets facultatifs :
    • la conduite de court-circuitage est reliée au refoulement du deuxième compresseur et
      1. i) à l'entrée de la première turbine et à la sortie de la première turbine ou
      2. ii) l'entrée de la deuxième turbine et à la sortie de la deuxième turbine ou
      3. iii) à la sortie des première et deuxième turbines.
  • Selon un autre objet de l'invention, il est prévu un procédé selon la revendication 3.
  • Selon d'autres aspects facultatifs :
    • pendant le démarrage, on envoie de l'air du deuxième compresseur à l'entrée de la première turbine sans passer par l'échangeur de chaleur.
    • on démarre la première et la deuxième turbines simultanément.
    • en marche normale au moins une partie de l'air du deuxième compresseur est envoyée à l'échangeur de chaleur et ensuite au système de colonnes à travers une première vanne et pendant au moins une partie du démarrage la première vanne est fermée.
    • en marche normale, on envoie au moins une partie de l'air comprimé, et refroidi dans l'échangeur de chaleur à la première turbine par une première conduite et pendant le démarrage, on fait circuler l'air destiné au système de colonnes sans passer par l'échangeur ou la première ou la deuxième turbine en passant par la première conduite dans le sens contraire qu'en marche normale.
    • pendant le démarrage, on fait circuler de l'air destiné au système de colonne dans une conduite de court-circuitage munie de la deuxième vanne et pendant la marche normale on ne fait pas circuler de l'air dans la conduite de court-circuitage
    • pendant le démarrage selon une marche on n'envoie pas d'air vers la première turbine et/ou pendant le démarrage on n'envoie pas d'air vers la deuxième turbine.
    • pendant le démarrage tout l'air est envoyé au système de colonne en passant par la conduite de court-circuitage.
    • pendant le démarrage selon une marche on envoie de l'air se détendre dans la première turbine sans s'être refroidi dans l'échangeur de chaleur.
  • Le procédé de démarrage peut donc utiliser des conduites utilisées en marche normale mais en faisant circuler l'air dans le sens inverse qu'en marche normale. Ceci permet en particulier de réduire la longueur des circuits dédiés pour le démarrage et donc leur coût.
  • L'invention sera décrite en plus de détail en se référant à la figure qui illustre un appareil I de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique selon l'invention.
  • L'appareil comprenant un système de colonnes comprenant une colonne opérant à une première pression K1 et une colonne opérant à une deuxième pression K2 inférieure à la première pression. Les colonnes sont reliées thermiquement à travers un rebouilleur de cuve de la deuxième colonne chauffé par de l'azote de tête de la première colonne. Des débits de reflux non-illustrés enrichis en azote et en oxygène sont envoyés de la colonne K1 à la colonne K2.
  • De l'oxygène liquide 31 est soutiré en cuve de la deuxième colonne K2 et de l'azote gazeux 33 est soutiré en tête de la deuxième colonne. De l'azote liquide est envoyé en tête de la deuxième colonne par certaines phases pour aider à tenir le procédé en froid. L'oxygène liquide 31 peut se vaporiser dans l'échangeur de chaleur E.
  • L'appareil comprend une première turbine de détente d'air T2, une deuxième turbine de détente d'air T1, un premier compresseur d'air C2 couplé à la première turbine et un deuxième compresseur d'air C1 couplé à la deuxième turbine. L'air comprimé 1 à une pression P provenant d'un autre compresseur (non-illustré) est divisé en deux fractions, dont une première fraction 3 est envoyée à l'échangeur de chaleur E sans avoir été comprimé à une pression au-delà de la pression P.
  • Une deuxième fraction 5 est envoyée au premier compresseur C2 où elle est comprimée à une pression supérieure à celle (P) de la première fraction 3. La sortie du premier compresseur C2 est reliée à l'entrée de ce compresseur par une conduite 25 à travers une vanne V8.
  • Selon une première variante, la première fraction 3 est refroidie dans l'échangeur de chaleur E jusqu' à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci et n'ayant pas été comprimée dans le premier compresseur est envoyée vers la première et la deuxième turbines à travers le clapet ouvert CL3 et les vannes ouvertes V5, V13, V4, V19.
  • La deuxième fraction 5 se refroidit dans l'échangeur de chaleur E jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci après avoir été comprimée dans le premier compresseur C2. Ensuite elle est envoyée vers le deuxième compresseur C1.
  • En marche normale, l'air détendu provenant des première et deuxième turbines est envoyé à la première colonne K1 pour être séparé à travers les vannes V6, V15, V11 et la conduite 13. La deuxième fraction 5 est comprimée dans le deuxième compresseur C1, passe par le clapet ouvert CL1 et ensuite se refroidit dans l'échangeur de chaleur avant d'être envoyé sous forme liquide à la première colonne K1 à travers la vanne V9. Les vannes V2 et V3 sont fermées.
  • En phase de démarrage, on craint que l'air provenant du compresseur C1 n'arrive trop chaud à l'entrée de l'échangeur E en sortie de C1, par exemple à une température plus haute que les 65°C de température de tenue mécanique de l'échangeur.
  • Pour éviter cela, la vanne V9 est fermée et la vanne V3 ouverte. Ainsi l'air provenant du compresseur C1 ne passe plus vers l'échangeur de chaleur E mais vers l'entrée de la deuxième turbine T1 à travers la conduite 23 et la vanne ouverte V3. Tout l'air ne peut pas passer dans la turbine donc la vanne V4 est ouverte, le débit passant par la turbine étant limitée par l'ouverture des aubages de la turbine et le reste de l'air provenant du compresseur C2 passe à la colonne à travers les conduites 11 et 15.
  • Il est également possible d'envoyer l'air de démarrage vers l'entrée des deux turbines. Ainsi l'air passe dans la conduite 11 et passe à la turbine T2 à travers les vannes V13, V5 et/ou à la conduite de court-circuitages 15 dans laquelle il est détendu par la vanne V7 pour obtenir une réduction de pression similaire à celle de la turbine T1. La vanne V2 reste fermée.
  • Il est également possible d'envoyer l'air provenant du compresseur C1 vers le refoulement de la turbine T1 et/ou vers le refoulement de la turbine T2. Ainsi l'air ne circule ni dans l'échangeur de chaleur ni dans les turbines et passe directement à la colonne de distillation.
  • Lorsqu'on démarre les turbines T1, T2 et donc les compresseurs C1, C2, les vannes antipompage des compresseurs C1, C2 sont totalement ouvertes (vanne V8 pour C2 et vanne V3 pour C1).
  • Ceci permet le démarrage à chaud du compresseur froid C1 quelle que soit la température et sans conséquence sur les températures de calcul des équipements en aval du compresseur C1.
  • L'élévation de la température est extrêmement faible au démarrage, étant donné le taux de compression minimal sur le compresseur C1 grâce à la vanne d'anti pompage V3.
  • Selon une deuxième variante, la première fraction 3 est sortie de l' échangeur de chaleur à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci et n'ayant pas été comprimée dans le premier compresseur est envoyée vers le deuxième compresseur C1.
  • La deuxième fraction 5 se refroidit dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci après avoir été comprimée dans le premier compresseur C2. Ensuite elle est envoyée vers la première et la deuxième turbines. Dans ce cas, c'est la première fraction 3 de l'air qui est divertie, en cas de démarrage, pour ne plus passer par l'échangeur de chaleur E mais directement à l'entrée de la turbine T1 ou T2, voire les deux.
  • Comme décrit ci-dessus, il est recommandé d'envoyer une partie de l'air provenant de la conduite 23 dans la conduite 9 en ouvrant la vanne V19 et ensuite vers la conduite 11 et la conduite de court-circuitage 15 avec sa vanne V7.
  • Il est également possible d'envoyer l'air de démarrage vers l'entrée des deux turbines. Ainsi l'air passe dans la conduite 11 et passe à la turbine T1 à travers les vannes V13, V5 et/ou à la conduite de court-circuitages 15 dans laquelle il est détendu par la vanne V7 pour obtenir une réduction de pression similaire à celle de la turbine T1. La vanne V2 reste fermée.
  • Il est également possible d'envoyer l'air provenant du compresseur C1 vers le refoulement de la turbine T1 et/ou vers le refoulement de la turbine T2. Ainsi l'air ne circule ni dans l'échangeur de chaleur ni dans les turbines et passe directement à la colonne de distillation.
  • Lorsqu'on démarre les turbines T1, T2 et donc les compresseurs C1, C2, les vannes antipompage des compresseurs C1, C2 sont totalement ouvertes (vanne V8 pour C1 et vanne V3 pour C2).
  • Ceci permet le démarrage à chaud du compresseur froid C2 quelle que soit la température et sans conséquence sur les températures de calcul des équipements en aval du compresseur C2.
  • L'élévation de la température est extrêmement faible au démarrage, étant donné le taux de compression minimal sur le compresseur C1 grâce à la vanne d'anti pompage V3.
  • Selon une deuxième variante, la première fraction 3 est sortie d'un échangeur de chaleur à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci et n'ayant pas été comprimée dans le premier compresseur est envoyée vers le deuxième compresseur C2.
  • La deuxième fraction 5 se refroidit dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci après avoir été comprimée dans le premier compresseur C1. Ensuite elle est envoyée vers la première et la deuxième turbines. Dans ce cas, c'est la première fraction 3 de l'air qui est divertie, en cas de démarrage, pour ne plus passer par l'échangeur de chaleur E mais directement à l'entrée de la turbine T1 ou T2, voire les deux.
  • Comme décrit ci-dessus, il est recommandé d'envoyer une partie de l'air provenant de la conduite 23 dans la conduite 9 en ouvrant la vanne V19 et ensuite vers la conduite 11 et la conduite de court-circuitage 15 avec sa vanne V7.
  • Une marche différenciée est possible pour les deux turbines T1, T2. Afin d'arrêter la turbine T2 reliée au surpresseur chaud C2, il est possible d'isoler le surpresseur en fermant la vanne V1 et en ouvrant la vanne V2, de sorte que l'air puisse transiter de la conduite 5 par la conduite 27.
  • Dans ce cas, les vannes V6 et V13 sont fermées pour isoler la turbine T2 et les frigories nécessaires sont rajoutées par rajout d'azote liquide LIN en tête de la colonne basse pression K2.
  • Il est également possible de fonctionner avec le compresseur C1 et la turbine T1 à l'arrêt et le surpresseur C2 et la turbine T2 en marche. Cette marche dégradée qui n'est pas couverte par le procédé de l'invention donne un produit à pression et débit plus faibles.

Claims (10)

  1. Appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique comprenant un système de colonnes (K1,K2), une première turbine (T2), un premier compresseur (C2) couplé à la première turbine, un échangeur de chaleur (E), une deuxième turbine (T1), un deuxième compresseur (C1) couplé à la deuxième turbine (T1), des moyens pour envoyer de l'air refroidi dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci vers le deuxième compresseur, des moyens (CL1) pour envoyer de l'air comprimé dans le deuxième compresseur à un point intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur et ensuite au moins en partie au système de colonnes à travers une première vanne (V9), des moyens (9, V4, V19) pour envoyer une fraction d'air provenant du premier compresseur et refroidie dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire vers la deuxième turbine, des moyens (11,V13,V5) pour envoyer une fraction d'air refroidie dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci vers la première turbine, des moyens (13) pour envoyer de l'air détendu de la première turbine et de la deuxième turbine vers le système de colonnes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (23,V3) pour envoyer de l'air comprimé dans le deuxième compresseur à l'entrée de la deuxième turbine à travers une deuxième vanne (V4) sans passer par l'échangeur de chaleur, ces derniers moyens étant également reliés à l'entrée de la première turbine, et des moyens (9,11,15, V7) pour envoyer de l'air du deuxième compresseur au système de colonnes sans passer ni par l'échangeur de chaleur ni par la première ou la deuxième turbine, ces moyens étant constitués par une conduite de court-circuitage (15) munie d'une troisième vanne (V7) qui est une vanne de détente.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1 dans lequel la conduite de court-circuitage est reliée au refoulement du deuxième compresseur (C1) et
    a. à l'entrée de la première turbine (T2) et à la sortie de la première turbine ou
    b. l'entrée de la deuxième turbine (T1) et à la sortie de la deuxième turbine ou
    c. à la sortie des première et deuxième turbines (T1 ,T2).
  3. Procédé de démarrage d'un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique comprenant un premier compresseur (C2), une première turbine (T2) couplée au premier compresseur, un deuxième compresseur (C1) et une deuxième turbine (T1), la deuxième turbine étant couplée au deuxième compresseur dans lequel :
    a. en marche normale, on envoie de l'air à un échangeur de chaleur (E), on le refroidit, on soutire au moins une partie de l'air à une température intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur, on le comprime dans le deuxième compresseur (C1), on envoie au moins une partie de l'air comprimé, éventuellement dans le deuxième compresseur, et refroidi dans l'échangeur de chaleur à la première turbine (T2) et on envoie l'air détendu dans la turbine au système de colonnes (K1,K2), on envoie de l'air comprimé dans le deuxième compresseur à un point intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur et ensuite au moins en partie au système de colonnes à travers une première vanne (V9), on envoie de l'air au premier compresseur, on envoie une fraction d'air (9) provenant du premier compresseur se refroidir dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire et ensuite on l'envoie vers la deuxième turbine avant de l'envoyer au système de colonnes, et
    b. pendant le démarrage, on envoie de l'air du deuxième compresseur au système de colonnes après détente dans une troisième vanne (V7), sans passer ni par l'échangeur de chaleur ni par la première ou la deuxième turbine, à travers une conduite de court-circuitage (15) munie de la troisième vanne (V7).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3 dans lequel on démarre la première turbine et la deuxième turbine (T2, T1) simultanément.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4 dans lequel en marche normale au moins une partie de l'air du deuxième compresseur (C1) est envoyée à l'échangeur de chaleur (E) et ensuite au système de colonnes (K1, K2) à travers la première vanne (V9) et pendant au moins une partie du démarrage cette première vanne est fermée.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5 dans lequel en marche normale, on envoie au moins une partie de l'air comprimé et refroidi dans l'échangeur de chaleur à la première turbine (T2) par une première conduite et pendant le démarrage, on fait circuler l'air destiné au système de colonnes (K1,K2) sans passer par l'échangeur de chaleur (E) ou la première ou la deuxième turbine (T2,T1) en passant par la première conduite dans le sens contraire qu'en marche normale
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6 dans lequel pendant la marche normale on ne fait pas circuler de l'air dans la conduite de court-circuitage (15).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 7 dans lequel pendant le démarrage on n'envoie pas d'air vers la première turbine (T2) et/ou vers la deuxième turbine (T1).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8 dans lequel pendant le démarrage tout l'air est envoyé au système de colonnes (K1,K2) en passant par la conduite de court-circuitage (15).
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 7 dans lequel pendant le démarrage on envoie de l'air se détendre dans la première turbine (T2) sans s'être refroidi dans l'échangeur de chaleur (E).
EP18187381.1A 2017-08-03 2018-08-03 Appareil et procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique Active EP3438587B1 (fr)

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PL18187381T PL3438587T3 (pl) 2017-08-03 2018-08-03 Aparat i sposób rozdzielania powietrza przez destylację kriogeniczną

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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FR1757497A FR3069914B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 Appareil et procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
FR1757493A FR3069913B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 Appareil et procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
FR1757498A FR3069916B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 Procede de degivrage d'un appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique et appareil adapte pour etre degivre par ce procede
FR1757495A FR3069915B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 Appareil et procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique

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EP3438587A1 EP3438587A1 (fr) 2019-02-06
EP3438587B1 true EP3438587B1 (fr) 2020-04-08

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EP18186659.1A Withdrawn EP3438585A3 (fr) 2017-08-03 2018-07-31 Procédé de dégivrage d'un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique et appareil adapté pour être dégivré par ce procédé
EP18186654.2A Active EP3438584B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2018-07-31 Procédé et appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique
EP18186782.1A Active EP3438586B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2018-08-01 Appareil et procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique
EP18187381.1A Active EP3438587B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2018-08-03 Appareil et procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique

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EP18186659.1A Withdrawn EP3438585A3 (fr) 2017-08-03 2018-07-31 Procédé de dégivrage d'un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique et appareil adapté pour être dégivré par ce procédé
EP18186654.2A Active EP3438584B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2018-07-31 Procédé et appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique
EP18186782.1A Active EP3438586B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2018-08-01 Appareil et procédé de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20190041130A1 (en) 2019-02-07
CN109387033A (zh) 2019-02-26
CN109387032A (zh) 2019-02-26
EP3438584A1 (fr) 2019-02-06
EP3438586A1 (fr) 2019-02-06
CN109387031A (zh) 2019-02-26
US10794630B2 (en) 2020-10-06
US20190041129A1 (en) 2019-02-07
CN109387034A (zh) 2019-02-26
EP3438584B1 (fr) 2020-03-11
PL3438586T3 (pl) 2020-09-07
EP3438587A1 (fr) 2019-02-06
EP3438585A2 (fr) 2019-02-06
CN109387034B (zh) 2021-11-19
CN109387033B (zh) 2021-12-14
PL3438587T3 (pl) 2020-09-07
US20190049178A1 (en) 2019-02-14
EP3438585A3 (fr) 2019-04-17
CN109387031B (zh) 2021-11-02
US20190049177A1 (en) 2019-02-14
US10866024B2 (en) 2020-12-15
EP3438586B1 (fr) 2020-04-08

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