CN109387033B - 用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN109387033B
CN109387033B CN201810877101.5A CN201810877101A CN109387033B CN 109387033 B CN109387033 B CN 109387033B CN 201810877101 A CN201810877101 A CN 201810877101A CN 109387033 B CN109387033 B CN 109387033B
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air
column
heat exchanger
turbine
point
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CN109387033A (zh
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P·卡瓦涅
B·多斯桑托斯
Y-P·勒迈尔
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority claimed from FR1757495A external-priority patent/FR3069915B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757497A external-priority patent/FR3069914B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757498A external-priority patent/FR3069916B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757493A external-priority patent/FR3069913B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
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    • F25J3/04781—Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping
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    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
    • F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
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    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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    • F25J2240/42—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being air
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    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法和装置，其中空气在压缩机(C2)中被压缩并随后送至热交换器(E)，将在交换器中冷却的空气送至在热交换器下游的止回阀(CL3)并随后送至一涡轮机，该阀定位成使得来自短路管道(23)的空气不能从压缩机返回到交换器。

Description

用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法和装置。
本发明涉及一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置，特别是涉及一种使用热交换器来冷却所有用于蒸馏的空气的装置。该装置至少部分地通过一个或两个涡轮机来保持冷却，其中至少一个涡轮机联接到压缩机。空气压缩机具有低于0℃、甚至低于-50℃的入口温度，该入口温度是热交换器的中间温度。它从热交换器的中间级接收空气。另一空气压缩机可具有高于0℃的入口温度。
背景技术
使用这种入口温度低于0℃的压缩机——由于它具有非常冷的入口温度而被称为“冷压缩机”——带来问题。在起动时，在冷压缩机中加热的空气的温度可以高于热交换器支持的温度。
从公开了根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的方法的FR-A-2851330已知，为了将冷压缩机的出口经由平行管道连接到涡轮机的入口，其中一个管道经过空气分离装置的主热交换器并且其中另一个管道不经过热交换器。因此，在机器起动时，建议将在冷压缩机中压缩的空气送至涡轮机而不经过热交换器，以避免向其中传送过热的空气。在该方法中，存在来自压缩机5的热空气经由阀V1朝向交换器传送的风险，这可能损坏交换器。
众所周知，通过使空气在一个涡轮机或两个并联连接的涡轮机中膨胀来供应空气分离所需热量的至少一部分，所述涡轮机被供给以源自压缩机或抑制器的空气。
将膨胀的空气送至双蒸馏塔的中压塔并分离，以便形成至少一种富氧或富氮产物。
本发明可以允许降低安装成本、促进重新起动并且计算安装所需的压力。
止回阀，也称为单向阀，是允许流体向下游流动但自动关闭以便阻挡任何将返回上游的流体的阀。
在包括在热交换器的中间级取得空气的冷抑制器的装置的上下文中，提出增加额外的管道以便周期性地将至少一部分且甚至全部空气从冷抑制器送至至少一个空气膨胀涡轮机的入口而不经过交换器。
在这种情况下，需要根据将空气送至涡轮机的冷抑制器的出口处的阀的平衡压力来定义热交换器支持的压力。该压力大于没有该附加管道的装置的涡轮机入口压力。这可能需要波形的改变和因此交换器的额外成本。
为了降低交换器的成本，本发明提出在为两个涡轮机供给源自主热交换器的中间点的空气的管道上设置止回阀。该阀设置成使得防止从来自附加管道的冷抑制器到来的空气进入热交换器。该阀自动关闭，以防止空气流向交换器。在正常运行中，它使空气从交换器流向一个或多个膨胀涡轮机。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个目的，提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法，其中：
i)在热交换器中冷却经压缩和净化的空气，空气的第一部分在压缩机中在热交换器的中间温度下被压缩并被送至热交换器，该第一部分在热交换器中冷却，空气的第一部分处于液化状态并返回至双塔的至少一个第一塔，该双塔包括第一塔和第二塔，第二塔在比第一塔低的压力下运行；
ii)将富含氧和氮的液体从第一塔送至第二塔，从第二塔的底部提取富氧流体，从第二塔的顶部提取富氮流体并在热交换器中加热；
iii)空气的第二部分在其中间温度下离开热交换器，并且可选地随后在分割点处被分成第一份和第二份，允许空气的第二部分或第一份的至少一部分在第一涡轮机中膨胀并将其送至第一塔，可选地，允许第二份的至少一部分在第二涡轮机中膨胀并将其送至第一塔；并且
iv)压缩机的排出部通过管道和到达点连接到涡轮机的入口或第一和第二涡轮机中的至少一者的入口，这允许将空气从压缩机送至涡轮机或涡轮机之一而不经过热交换器，
其特征在于，将空气的第二部分送至在热交换器下游并且可选地在两个涡轮机的情况下在分割点上游的止回阀，该阀用于防止空气沿与正常运行的方向相反的方向移动并从到达点到达交换器中并且设置在到达点与交换器之间的管道上。
该上下文中的术语“下游”和“上游”是指在该方法的正常运行期间空气的流动方向。
根据其它可选方面：
-在起动期间，通过使空气经过到达点但不经过热交换器来将空气从压缩机送至涡轮机或涡轮机之一，空气由止回阀排出；
-允许第二份的所述至少一部分在第二涡轮机中膨胀并将其送至第一塔，使被允许在第一涡轮机中膨胀的第一份的所述至少一部分和被允许在第二涡轮机中膨胀的第二份的所述至少一部分在混合点混合且随后作为单股流送至第一塔；
-第一份和/或第二份的一部分不允许在涡轮机中膨胀，而是在阀中膨胀，并且随后被送至塔系统；
-在起动期间和/或在塔中减少流量运行期间和/或在减压期间，第一份和/或第二份的一部分不允许在涡轮机中膨胀，而是在阀中膨胀并且随后被送至塔系统；
-空气的第二部分的一部分不允许在涡轮机中膨胀，而是在阀中膨胀，并且随后被送到塔系统；
-在起动期间和/或在塔中减少流量运行期间和/或在减压期间，空气的第二部分的一部分不允许在涡轮机中膨胀，而是在阀中膨胀并且随后被送至塔系统；
-被允许在阀中膨胀的第一份和/或第二份的一部分在混合点下游与被送至第一塔的单股流混合；
-空气在热交换器中被冷却至其中间温度，在压缩机中被压缩并返回到热交换器，压缩机由第一或第二涡轮机驱动；
-压缩机的入口温度低于0℃，甚至低于-50℃。
根据本发明的另一目的，提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置，该装置包括：热交换器；包括第一塔和第二塔的双分离塔，第二塔在比第一塔低的压力下运行；用于输送经压缩和净化的空气以在热交换器中冷却的机构；压缩机；用于在中间温度下在热交换器的中间点提取空气的第一部分并用于将空气送至压缩机的机构；用于使在压缩机中压缩的空气返回到热交换器的机构，空气在该热交换器中冷却；用于将液化空气送至至少第一塔的机构；用于将富氧和富氮液体从第一塔送至第二塔的机构；用于从第二塔的底部提取富氧流体的机构；用于从第二塔的顶部提取富氮流体的机构，和用于输送富氮流体以在热交换器中加热的机构；用于在热交换器的中间温度下、并且在热交换器的中间点处从热交换器提取空气的第二部分的提取管道；可选地，用于在分割点处将第二部分分成第一份和第二份的机构；第一涡轮机和可选的第二涡轮机；用于输送第一份的至少一部分以在第一涡轮机中膨胀并随后将其送至第一塔的机构；可选地，用于输送第二份的至少一部分以在第二涡轮机中膨胀并随后将其送至第一塔的机构；以及用于将空气从压缩机的排出部送至涡轮机的入口或涡轮机之一的入口而不经过热交换器的机构，所述机构连接到一到达点(A)，其特征在于，该装置包括设置在热交换器下游和可选地分割点上游的提取管道上的止回阀，该阀设置在到达点与交换器之间的管道上并且能够防止空气从到达点到达交换器。
该上下文中的术语“下游”和“上游”是指在装置的正常运行期间空气的流动方向。
根据其它可选方面：
-该装置包括用于在混合点处混合被允许在第一涡轮机中膨胀的第一份的至少一部分和被允许在第二涡轮机中膨胀的第二份的至少一部分的机构，以及用于将所述部分作为单股流送至第一塔的机构；
-该装置包括膨胀阀，该膨胀阀通过分割点连接到止回阀并连接到塔系统，使得空气能够从阀传送到塔系统而不经过涡轮机；
-当该装置包括两个涡轮机时，所述用于将空气从压缩机的排出部送至涡轮机之一的入口而不经过热交换器的机构连接到在分割点与涡轮机的入口之间的到达点；
-该装置包括第二涡轮机和在到达点与分割点之间的阀。
附图说明
将参考附图更详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，该装置包括塔系统，该塔系统包括在第一压力下运行的第一塔K1和在低于第一压力的第二压力下运行的第二塔K2。这两个塔通过第二塔的底部再沸器热连接，第二塔的底部再沸器由来自第一塔顶部的氮加热。将未示出的富含氮和氧的回流从塔K1送至塔K2。从第二塔K2的底部提取液氧31，并从第二塔的顶部提取气态氮33。在某些阶段液氮从第二塔的顶部传送，以帮助保持该方法处于低温。液氧31可以在热交换器E中蒸发。
该装置包括第一空气膨胀涡轮机T1、第二空气膨胀涡轮机T2、联接到第一涡轮机的第一空气压缩机C1和联接到第二涡轮机的第二空气压缩机C2。压力为P且源自另一压缩机(未示出)的压缩空气1被分成两部分，其第一部分3被送至热交换器E而没有在高于压力P的压力下被压缩。第二部分5被送至第一压缩机C1，在此它在高于第一部分3的压力P的压力下被压缩。第一压缩机C1的出口通过管道25经阀V8连接到该压缩机的入口。
压缩机C2的入口温度低于0℃，甚至低于-50℃。
根据第一变型，第一部分3在热交换器E中被冷却至其中间温度并且在交换器的中间点P处且在尚未于第一压缩机中被压缩的情况下经打开的阀CL3和打开的阀V5、V13、V4、V19被送至第一和第二涡轮机，其中空气在分割点D被分成两部分，以便被送至两个涡轮机T1、T2。
在已于第一压缩机C1中被压缩之后，第二部分5在热交换器E中冷却至其中间温度。其随后被送至第二压缩机C2。
在正常运行期间，源自第一和第二涡轮机的膨胀空气通过阀V6、V15、V11和管道13被送至第一塔K1，以便分离。第二部分5在第二压缩机C2中被压缩，经过打开的阀CL1，并且随后在热交换器中冷却，然后以液体形式经阀V9被送至第一塔。阀V2和V3关闭。
在起动阶段中，有一些担心源自压缩机C2的空气在到达C2的出口处的交换器E的入口时过热，例如，温度高于交换器的65℃机械阻力温度。为了避免这种情况，阀V9关闭，阀V3打开。
因此，源自压缩机C2的空气不再朝向热交换器E传送，而是通过管道23和打开的阀V3朝向第二涡轮机T2的入口传送。所有空气都不能经过涡轮机，因此阀V4打开，经过涡轮机的流量受到涡轮机叶片开度的限制，并且源自压缩机C2的其余空气通过管道11和15传送到塔。
起动空气也可以被送至两个涡轮机的入口。因此，空气经过管道11并通过阀V13、V5传送到涡轮机T1和/或传送到短路管道15，在短路管道15中，允许空气通过阀V7膨胀以获得类似于涡轮机T1的减压。阀V2保持关闭。也可以将源自压缩机C2的空气送至涡轮机T1的排出部和/或涡轮机T2的排出部。因此，空气既不在热交换器中循环，也不优选在涡轮机中循环，而是直接传送到蒸馏塔。阀CL3防止空气23沿与正常运行相反的方向移动并且防止空气23在中间点P处到达交换器中。在起动期间通过管道23送至涡轮机的空气到达在涡轮机T1、T2上游、优选地在分割点D下游但在热交换器E和止回阀CL3下游的到达点A。
该阀优选地在用于旨在用于涡轮机的空气的提取点P与部分9和部分11的分割点D(在此空气在两个涡轮机之间共享)之间设置在提取管道8上。该分割点也可用于分割用于短路管道的空气。
该阀必须位于用于源自管道23的空气的到达点A与交换器E的中间点P之间。
在效率较低的形式中，该阀在管道23出现在管道9中的情况下可以放置在管道9上，或在管道23出现在管道11上的情况下可以放置在管道11上。
当涡轮机T1、T2以及因此压缩机C1，C2起动时，压缩机C1、C2的反抽阀(anti-pumping valve)完全打开(C1的阀V8和C2的阀V3)。
这允许冷压缩机C2的热起动，而与温度无关并且不影响压缩机C2下游的设备的计算温度。考虑到借助于反抽阀V3在压缩机C1上的最小压缩率，在起动时升温极低。
根据第二变型，第一部分3在其中间温度下从热交换器排出，并且在尚未于第一压缩机中被压缩的情况下被送至第二压缩机C2。
在已于第一压缩机C1中被压缩之后，第二部分5在热交换器中冷却至其中间温度，并且通过提取管道8在交换器的中间点P处被提取。其随后被送至第一和第二涡轮机。在这种情况下，空气的第一部分3在起动的情况下被转向，以便不再经过热交换器E，而是直接传送到涡轮机T1或T2的入口，或甚至两者的入口。
如上所述，建议通过打开阀V19来将源自管道23的空气的一部分送至管道9并且随后利用其阀V7送至管道11和短路管道15。阀CL3防止该空气23沿与正常运行方向相反的方向移动并且在中间点P处到达交换器中。在起动期间通过管道23送至涡轮机的空气到达在涡轮机T1、T2上游、优选在分割点D下游但在热交换器E和止回阀CL3下游的到达点A。
该阀优选在用于涡轮机的空气的提取点P与部分9和部分11的分割点D(在此空气在两个涡轮机之间共享)之间设置在提取管道8上。该分割点也可用于分割用于短路管道的空气。
该阀必须位于用于源自管道23的空气的到达点A与交换器E的中间点P之间。
在效率较低的形式中，该阀在管道23出现在管道9中的情况下可以放置在管道9上，或在管道23出现在管道11上的情况下可以放置在管道11上。
本发明还适用于该装置仅包括联接到冷压缩机的单个空气涡轮机的情况。在这种情况下，在正常运行中，空气从冷压缩机被送至热交换器。随后，空气可以在膨胀之后直接进入塔系统，或者可以至少部分地被送至单个涡轮机。
在起动期间，来自冷压缩机的空气可以通过经过连接在单个涡轮机的入口上游的短路管道来避开热交换器。空气也可以从该短路管道被送至另一短路管道，该另一短路管道通过允许空气在阀中膨胀来允许空气从冷压缩机被送至塔系统而不经过涡轮机。
在起动期间通过管道23送至涡轮机的空气到达在涡轮机上游但在热交换器E和止回阀CL3下游的到达点A。阀CL3封闭提取管道8并因此防止源自管道23的空气朝向交换器前移。
止回阀CL3在提取管道8上的位置——在来自压缩机C2的空气的到达点A与交换器的中间点P之间——允许交换器E的计算压力降低，这影响装置的成本。
在该附图的变型中，在提取管道8上没有阀CL3的情况下，必须根据由于从冷增压器出口C2到涡轮机T2的吸入侧的反抽阀V3的连接而引起的平衡压力来定义转向涡轮机或涡轮机T1、T2的吸入侧的交换管线E的压力。该平衡压力必然高于来自涡轮机的正常来源的压力。在某些情况下，这可能需要改变波形并因此需要交换器的额外成本。
在存在该阀的情况下，交换器的设计没有考虑平衡压力，而且仅使用流量阀PSV，其基于放置在交换器的出口P与阀CL3之间的阀CL3中的泄漏情况而定义。
对于具有两个涡轮机的变型，在用于绕过涡轮机的附加管道11,15的布局(分割点D)在该公共阀CL3的下游的情况下，止回阀CL3在分割供给两个涡轮机的管道的分割点D上游的位置允许提供快速装置，该快速装置用于在重新起动之前使涡轮机的抽吸减压。
在阀CL3不在从交换器E转向两个涡轮机T1、T2的公共管线8上，而是仅在供给单个涡轮机T2的管线9上的情况下，在每次停止之后并且因此对于每次重新起动，平衡压力将在该涡轮机的入口处(高于运行压力且甚至远高于运行压力)。由于在这种构型中出现“死胡同”状况，因此该管段不能通过经过涡轮机来减压，而是将需要考虑在较高抽吸压力下起动的情况，这具有设计影响并且是甚至在技术上不可行(过高的膨胀比)或需要增加减压装置。在本发明的情形中——其中阀设置在供给两个涡轮机的公共管线上，由于在较高管道容积中的平衡，压力不会上升得那么高，并且通过用于旁路通向塔K1的阀V7，在重新起动之前仍将具有远程减压装置。
止回阀CL3在分割点D——在该分割点处分出供给两个涡轮机的管道——上游的位置允许通过略微加大要施加至涡轮机T1、T2的压力来为交换管线E相对于压缩机C2的平衡压力克服有害的定尺寸/不利的尺寸设计。这种加大相对于如果不存在阀CL3则必须施加至交换管线E的额外成本而言可忽略不计。
在本发明的范围内，可以定义一个或两个涡轮机或交换器(在该示例中，连接到压缩机C2和交换管线E的涡轮机T2)的工作压力，而无需等待管道系统的最终设计以计算和了解在传统计算中要考虑的有效容积，从而节省时间。
因此，借助于阀CL3和用于保护阀CL3以防止泄漏的阀，交换管线E的计算压力完全独立于平衡压力，因此可以独立于涡轮机T2在项目的最开始时定义其计算压力。由于涡轮机T2上的计算压力不会显著影响其成本，因此可以对体积进行近似，以便在不具有将允许精确计算平衡压力的管道系统的轮廓和精确容积的情况下保守地定义要在涡轮机上考虑的平衡压力。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法，其中：
i)在热交换器(E)中冷却经压缩和净化的空气，空气的第一部分(19)在压缩机(C2)中在所述热交换器的中间温度下被压缩并返回所述热交换器，空气的第一部分在所述热交换器中冷却，空气的第一部分处于液化状态并被送至塔系统中的至少一个第一塔(K1)，该塔系统包括所述第一塔和第二塔(K2)，所述第二塔在比所述第一塔低的压力下运行；
ii)将富含氧和氮的液体从所述第一塔送至所述第二塔，从所述第二塔的底部提取富氧流体(31)，从所述第二塔的顶部提取富氮流体(33)并在所述热交换器中加热；
iii)空气的第二部分在其中间温度下离开热交换器，并且随后在分割点(D)处被分成第一份和第二份，允许所述第一份(9)的至少一部分或空气的第二部分在第一涡轮机(T2)中膨胀并将其送至所述第一塔，允许所述第二份的至少一部分在第二涡轮机(T1)中膨胀并将其送至所述第一塔；并且
iv)所述压缩机的排出部通过短路管道和到达点(A)连接到所述第一涡轮机和第二涡轮机中的至少一者的入口，这允许将空气从所述压缩机送至第一涡轮机和第二涡轮机之一而不经过所述热交换器，
其特征在于，将空气的第二部分送至在热交换器下游并且在分割点上游的止回阀(CL3)，该止回阀用于防止空气沿与正常运行方向相反的方向移动并防止从到达点到达所述热交换器中并且设置在所述到达点与所述热交换器之间的管道上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在起动期间，通过使空气经过所述到达点但不经过所述热交换器来将空气从所述压缩机(C2)送至所述第一涡轮机和第二涡轮机之一，空气由所述止回阀(CL3)排出。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，允许所述第二份的所述至少一部分在所述第二涡轮机(T2)中膨胀并将其送至所述第一塔，使被允许在所述第一涡轮机(T2)中膨胀的第一份的所述至少一部分和被允许在所述第二涡轮机(T1)中膨胀的第二份的所述至少一部分在混合点处混合且随后作为单股流送至所述第一塔。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述第一份和/或第二份的一部分(11，15)不允许在涡轮机中膨胀，而是在阀(V7)中膨胀，并且随后被送至所述塔系统。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述第一份和/或第二份的一部分(11，15)不允许在涡轮机中膨胀，而是在阀(V7)中膨胀，并且在所述混合点下游与被送至第一塔的所述单股流(13)混合。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述压缩机(C2)由所述第一涡轮机或第二涡轮机驱动。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述压缩机的入口温度低于0℃，甚至低于-50℃。
8.一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置，包括：热交换器(E)；包括第一塔和第二塔(K1，K2)的塔系统，所述第二塔在比所述第一塔低的压力下运行；用于输送经压缩和净化的空气以在所述热交换器中冷却的机构；压缩机(C2)；用于在中间温度下在所述热交换器的中间点(P)处提取空气的第一部分并用于将空气送至所述压缩机的机构；用于使在所述压缩机中压缩的空气返回到所述热交换器的机构，空气在所述热交换器中冷却；用于将液化空气送到至少所述第一塔的机构；用于将富氧液体和富氮液体从所述第一塔送至所述第二塔的机构；用于从所述第二塔的底部提取富氧流体的机构；用于从所述第二塔的顶部提取富氮流体的机构，和用于输送所述富氮流体以在所述热交换器中加热的机构；用于在所述热交换器的中间温度下、并且在所述热交换器的中间点(P)处从所述热交换器提取空气的第二部分的提取管道(8)；用于在分割点(D)处将所述第二部分分成第一份和第二份的机构；第一涡轮机(T2)和第二涡轮机(T1)；用于输送所述第一份的至少一部分以在所述第一涡轮机中膨胀并随后将其送至所述第一塔的机构；用于输送所述第二份的至少一部分以在所述第二涡轮机中膨胀并随后将其送至所述第一塔的机构；以及用于将空气从所述压缩机的排出部送至所述第一涡轮机和第二涡轮机之一的入口而不经过所述热交换器的机构(23，V3，CL2)，所述机构连接到一到达点(A)，其特征在于，所述装置包括止回阀(CL3)，所述止回阀在所述热交换器下游并且在分割点上游设置在所述提取管道(8)上，该止回阀设置在到达点与热交换器之间的管道上并且能够防止空气从所述到达点到达所述热交换器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，包括用于使被允许在所述第一涡轮机(T2)中膨胀的第一份的所述至少一部分和被允许在所述第二涡轮机(T1)中膨胀的第二份的所述至少一部分在混合点(M)处混合的机构，以及用于将所述部分作为单股流(13)送至所述第一塔的机构。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，包括膨胀阀(V7)，所述膨胀阀通过所述分割点(D)连接到所述止回阀(CL3)并连接到所述塔系统(K1，K2)，使得空气能够从所述止回阀传送到所述塔系统而不经过涡轮机。
11.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，其中用于将空气从所述压缩机的排出部送至第一涡轮机和第二涡轮机(T1，T2)之一的入口而不经过所述热交换器的所述机构连接到所述分割点与第一涡轮机和第二涡轮机(T1，T2)之一的所述入口之间的到达点(A)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置，包括在所述到达点(A)与所述分割点(D)之间的阀(V19)。
13.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，其中，所述止回阀能够自动关闭。
14.根据权利要求8或9所述的装置，其中，所述压缩机(C2)由第一或第二涡轮机驱动。
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