CN109387031A - 用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109387031A
CN109387031A CN201810875560.XA CN201810875560A CN109387031A CN 109387031 A CN109387031 A CN 109387031A CN 201810875560 A CN201810875560 A CN 201810875560A CN 109387031 A CN109387031 A CN 109387031A
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China
Prior art keywords
air
pressurizing unit
expansion
heat exchanger
turbine
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CN201810875560.XA
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CN109387031B (zh
Inventor
P·卡瓦涅
N·夏蒙汀
B·多斯桑托斯
L·里绍姆
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority claimed from FR1757497A external-priority patent/FR3069914B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757493A external-priority patent/FR3069913B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757498A external-priority patent/FR3069916B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757495A external-priority patent/FR3069915B1/fr
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04818—Start-up of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
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    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/0295—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings
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    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J3/04066—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of oxygen
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    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
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    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
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    • F25J3/04781—Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping
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    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
    • F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
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    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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    • F25J2240/42—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being air
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    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置。此外，本发明涉及用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法，其中使待蒸馏空气的至少一部分在空气增压器(C2)中增压，允许压缩空气在至少一个膨胀涡轮机(T2，T1)中膨胀，并且如果增压器的两个点之间的压降低于阈值和/或增压器的流量低于增压器的最小流量，则允许在增压器中增压的空气的一部分在尚未于增压器与膨胀涡轮机之间冷却的情况下膨胀并且将增压且膨胀后的空气在已增压之后在尚未于热交换器中进行冷却的情况下送至所述至少一个涡轮机的上游或下游。

Description

用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置和方法。本发明尤其涉及使用供给空气增压器的装置，所述供给空气增压器被供应源自用于冷却供给空气的主交换器的中间级、因此在0℃以下的温度下的空气。随后在增压器中将该空气增压并在送至低温蒸馏塔之前将其送至主交换器。
背景技术
当压缩机的入口和出口之间的压力差变得太高时，在压缩机的叶片上发生称为分离的不稳定。空气动力学失速不再允许空气沿正确方向被推动，并且压缩机的“高压”部分(出口)向其“低压”部分(入口)中排空。在某些极端情况下，甚至可能发生流动方向的逆转。
这些显著的流动变动被称为泵送，由于这种空气动力学不稳定现象的性质，其产生纵向波浪。如果通过提高转速，压缩机的入口和出口之间的压力差增加，则该压力增加受到这种泵送现象的限制。当压缩比超过临界值时，发生泵送并且压缩机的转速的升高实际上将不再影响压缩比。
如果这种现象调节压缩机的性能，则其有时也对压缩机具有很强的破坏性。
一般而言，当检测到泵送的迫近时，在压缩机中压缩的一部分空气在冷却之后返回压缩机的上游，然后在阀中膨胀。
在冷增压器的情况下，为了降低成本，希望在增压器的下游和热交换器的上游移除冷却剂。从FR-A-2851330中获知这种装置。
可以设想在泵送和冷却增压空气的情况下使在冷增压器中增压的空气返回到特定的吸入侧，以便在热交换器的专用通道中返回到吸入侧，但是该方案存在由于增加了交换器的复杂性而昂贵的风险。
本发明允许通过朝向在压缩机下游的涡轮机打开阀以便增加压缩机中的流量并因此离开泵送区来克服该问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个目的，提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置，其包括：用于压缩所有待蒸馏空气的空气压缩机；用于将待蒸馏空气的至少一部分增压的空气增压器；用于接收源自压缩机和可选地源自空气增压器的压缩空气的膨胀涡轮机；包括至少一个塔的低温蒸馏塔系统；热交换器；用于将空气从压缩机送至热交换器的机构，所述热交换器具有两个端部；用于在热交换器的位于所述两个端部之间的中间点处排出冷却后的空气并将冷却后的空气送至增压器的机构；用于将增压空气从增压器送至热交换器的机构；用于将在热交换器中冷却的空气送至涡轮机的机构；用于将允许在涡轮机中膨胀的空气送至塔系统的机构；用于从塔系统提取富氧流和富氮流的机构，所述用于从塔系统提取富氧流和富氮流的机构连接到热交换器；用于允许增压器中的增压空气膨胀的机构，在增压器的排出部与用于允许增压空气膨胀的机构之间没有冷却机构；以及用于将在增压器中增压并允许通过膨胀机构膨胀的空气在已被增压之后尚未于热交换器中冷却的情况下送至涡轮机的上游或下游的机构，其中，它包括用于检测增压器的两个点之间的压降或流量的机构，以及用于仅在增压器的压降或流量超过表明泵送迫近的阈值的情况下才打开膨胀机构——例如阀——以在不经过热交换器的情况下将增压空气输送至涡轮机的上游或下游的机构。
增压器可以连接到涡轮机的入口，使得增压空气可以在涡轮机中至少部分地膨胀。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法，其中在空气压缩机中压缩所有待蒸馏空气，使在空气压缩机中被压缩的待蒸馏空气的至少一部分在空气增压器中增压，允许源自压缩机和可选地源自空气增压器的压缩空气在至少一个膨胀涡轮机中膨胀，在包括至少一个塔的低温蒸馏塔系统中分离在热交换器中冷却的压缩空气，在热交换器的位于其两个端部之间的中间点处排出冷却后的空气以便送至增压器，将增压空气从增压器送至热交换器，将在热交换器中冷却的空气送至涡轮机，将允许在涡轮机中膨胀的空气送至塔系统，从塔系统中提取富氧流和富氮流，并且是在热交换器中加热所述流，其中：
i)如果增压器的两个点之间的压降低于表明泵送点迫近的阈值；或者
ii)增压器的流量低于表明泵送点迫近的增压器的最小流量，则
允许在增压器中增压的空气的一部分在尚未于增压器与膨胀涡轮机之间冷却的情况下膨胀并且将增压的膨胀空气在已增压之后在尚未于热交换器中冷却的情况下送至所述至少一个涡轮机的上游或下游，并且在情形ii)的情况下，增加增压器中的流量以便离开泵送区。
根据其它可选方面：
-在、优选仅在所述两个点之间的压降在所述阈值以上和/或增压器的流量超过增压器的最小流量的情况下，将所有空气从增压器送至热交换器以进行冷却；
-如果增压器的所述两个点之间的压降低于所述阈值和/或增压器的流量低于增压器的最小流量，则不将任何增压空气送至增压器的上游；
-如果增压器的所述两个点之间的压降低于所述阈值和/或增压器的流量低于增压器的最小流量，则允许增压且膨胀后的空气在涡轮机中膨胀，而如果增压器的所述两个点之间的压降在阈值以上和/或增压器的流量升高到最小流量以上，则优选不允许源自增压器的空气流在涡轮机中膨胀；
-如果增压器的所述两个点之间的压降低于阈值(和/或增压器的流量低于最小流量)，则允许增压空气膨胀至塔系统的一个塔的压力，与来自涡轮机的空气混合并被送至该塔；
-该分离方法在低温蒸馏分离装置中进行；
-如果增压器的所述两个点之间的压降在阈值以上或增压器的流量在最小流量以上，则输送所有增压空气以在热交换器中进行冷却；
-将送至涡轮机的增压的膨胀空气送至联接到空气源自其中的增压器的涡轮机；
-将送至涡轮机的增压的膨胀空气送至从增压器接收空气、甚至它允许膨胀的全部空气的涡轮机；
-仅在增压器的所述两个点之间的压降低于阈值的情况下，涡轮机才从增压器接收空气；
-如果增压器的所述两个点之间的压降低于阈值和/或增压器的流量低于增压器的最小流量，则允许在增压器中增压的空气的一部分在涡轮机以外的膨胀机构中膨胀；
-如果增压器的所述两个点之间的压降低于阈值和/或增压器的流量低于增压器的最小流量，则允许在增压器中增压的空气的一部分在阀中膨胀；
-如果增压器的所述两个点之间的压降低于阈值和/或增压器的流量低于增压器的最小流量，则允许在增压器中增压的空气的一部分膨胀至该装置的涡轮机的入口或出口压力，甚至是该装置的塔的压力；
-空气增压器的入口温度在0℃与-180℃之间，甚至在-60℃与-180℃之间。
附图说明
将参考附图更详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，该装置包括塔系统，该塔系统包括在第一压力K1下运行的塔和在低于第一压力的第二压力K2下运行的塔。各塔通过第二塔的底部再沸器热连接，第二塔的底部再沸器通过来自第一塔顶部的氮加热。将未示出的富含氮和氧的回流从塔K1送至塔K2。从第二塔K2的底部提取液氧31，并从第二塔的顶部提取气态氮33。在某些阶段中将液氮LIN从第二塔的顶部送出，以帮助保持该方法冷。将富氧流体送至热交换器E进行加热，例如，液氧31可以在热交换器E中蒸发。将富氮流体送至热交换器E进行加热。
该装置包括第一空气膨胀涡轮机T1、第二空气膨胀涡轮机T2、联接到第一空气膨胀涡轮机的第一空气增压器C1和联接到第二空气膨胀涡轮机的第二空气增压器C2。
压力为P且源自另一压缩机(未示出)的压缩空气1被分成两部分，其中第一部分3被送至热交换器E而没有在高于压力P的压力下被压缩。第二部分5被送至第一空气增压器C1，在此它在高于第一部分3的压力P的压力下被压缩。第一空气增压器C1的出口通过管道25经阀V8连接到所述第一空气增压器的入口。
根据第一变型，第一部分3在热交换器E中冷却至其中间温度，并且在尚未于第一空气增压器中被压缩的情况下经打开的阀CL3和打开的阀V5、V13、V4、V19被送至第一和第二空气膨胀涡轮机。
在已于第一空气增压器C1中被压缩之后，第二部分5在热交换器E中冷却至其中间温度。随后将其送至第二空气增压器C2。
在正常运行期间，源自第一和第二空气膨胀涡轮机的膨胀空气经由阀V6、V15、V11和管道13被送至第一塔K1，以便进行分离。第二部分5在第二空气增压器C2中被压缩，经过打开的阀CL1，并随后在热交换器中冷却，之后经阀V9以液体形式被送至第一塔K1。阀V2和V3关闭。
如果第一空气增压器C1接近其泵送点，则允许在该增压器下游的冷却器中冷却之后取得的增压空气的一部分通过阀V8膨胀并将其送至第一空气增压器C1的吸入侧。
如果被供应源自热交换器E的中间点的空气19的第二空气增压器C2接近其泵送点，则在第二空气增压器C2中增压的空气不会被送至第二空气增压器C2的吸入侧。第二空气增压器C2在增压器下游不具有任何冷却剂/冷却机构。如果在第二空气增压器C2中增压的流量低于表明泵送点迫近的阈值，则允许增压空气的经由管道23输送的部分在阀V3中膨胀并到达第二空气膨胀涡轮机T2的吸入侧，以便允许在其中膨胀并送出以进行蒸馏。
通过在增压器的两个点之间限定压降阈值来限定泵送点的迫近的检测阈值，该阈值不得被超过。只要压降保持低于该阈值，就将所有增压空气送至热交换器以便在其中液化。
一旦压降已达到阈值，便打开阀，这允许空气被送到涡轮机。
剩余的增压空气经阀CL1返回到热交换器E，并且在允许在阀V9中膨胀并被送至第一塔K1之前在热交换器中至少部分地液化。
或者，空气的被送到第二空气膨胀涡轮机T2的入口的部分可以被送至其到达管道17中的出口。在这种情况下，空气膨胀阀将允许该部分空气膨胀到比第一塔K1的压力略高的压力。
也可以将空气的一部分送至第一空气膨胀涡轮机T1的入口或出口而不是送至第二空气膨胀涡轮机T2。空气甚至可以被送至两个空气膨胀涡轮机T1、T2，送至两个空气膨胀涡轮机的入口，送至两个空气膨胀涡轮机的出口，或送至一个空气膨胀涡轮机的入口和另一空气膨胀涡轮机的出口。
根据第二变型，第一部分3在其中间温度下从热交换器排出，并且在尚未于第一空气增压器中压缩的情况下被送至第二空气增压器C2。
在已于第一空气增压器C1中被压缩之后，第二部分5在热交换器中冷却至其中间温度。随后将其送至第一和第二空气膨胀涡轮机。
同样，在这种情况下，如果被供应源自热交换器E的中间点的空气19的第二空气增压器C2接近其泵送点，则在第二空气增压器C2中增压的空气不会被送至第二空气增压器C2的吸入侧。第二空气增压器C2在增压器下游没有任何冷却剂/冷却机构。
如果在第二空气增压器C2中增压的流量低于表明泵送点迫近的阈值，则允许增压空气的经由管道23输送的部分在阀V3中膨胀，并在不经过热交换器E的情况下到达第二空气膨胀涡轮机T2的吸入侧，以便允许在第二空气膨胀涡轮机T2中膨胀并送出以进行蒸馏。
通过在增压器的两个点之间限定压降阈值来限定泵送点的迫近的检测阈值，该阈值不得被超过。这种压力差相当于增压器中的最小空气流量，不得低于该最小空气流量。只要压降保持在阈值以上，所有增压空气就被送至热交换器，以便在其中液化。
一旦压降低于该阈值，阀便打开，这允许空气朝向涡轮机输送。
如果增压器中的空气流量低于阈值，也可以触发阀的打开。
剩余的增压空气经阀CL1返回到热交换器E，并且在允许在阀V9中膨胀并被送至第一塔K1之前在热交换器中至少部分地液化。
或者，空气的被送至第二空气膨胀涡轮机T2的入口的部分可以被送至其到达管道17中的出口。在这种情况下，空气膨胀阀将允许该部分空气膨胀到比第一塔K1的压力略高的压力。
也可以将空气的一部分送至第一空气膨胀涡轮机T1的入口或出口而不是第二空气膨胀涡轮机T2。空气甚至可以被送至两个空气膨胀涡轮机T1、T2，送至两个空气膨胀涡轮机的入口，送至两个空气膨胀涡轮机的出口，或一个空气膨胀涡轮机的入口和另一空气膨胀涡轮机的出口。
将富氧流体送至热交换器E进行加热，例如，液氧31可以在热交换器E中蒸发。将富氮流体送至热交换器E以进行加热。
本发明还适用于其中该装置仅包括联接到冷增压器的单个空气涡轮机的情形。
在这种情况下，在正常运行中，空气从冷增压器被送至热交换器。然后，空气可以在允许膨胀之后直接进入塔系统，或者可以至少部分地被送至单个涡轮机。
在增压空气的一部分在热交换器中液化并允许在塔系统上游的阀V9中膨胀的情况下，当在第一空气增压器C1中增压的空气流量低于表明泵送迫近的阈值时，可以增加通过阀V9的液体流量。然后，将针对该运行情形来设计该阀。
应当理解，该装置可以包括单个冷增压器和单个涡轮机，其可以在泵送风险期之外接收或不接收来自冷增压器的空气。
本发明适用于在用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置中使用冷空气增压器的任何方法。例如，它适用于以下方法：FR2943408、WO05064252、EP2831525、JP2015114083、JP54162678、EP1055894、EP2600090、JP2005221199、EP2963370、EP2963369、FR2913670、FR3033397、EP2458311、EP1782011、EP1711765、FR2895068、EP2489968、DE102011121314、EP1014020、FR2985305、DE102006027650、FR2861841、FR3010778、EP644388和FR2721383。
空气增压器的入口温度优选在0℃与-180℃之间，甚至在-60℃与-180℃之间。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的装置，包括：用于压缩所有待蒸馏空气的空气压缩机；用于将待蒸馏空气的至少一部分增压的空气增压器(C2)；用于接收源自所述压缩机和可选地源自所述空气增压器的压缩空气的膨胀涡轮机(T1，T2)；包括至少一个塔(K1，K2)的低温蒸馏塔系统；热交换器(E)；用于将空气从所述压缩机送至所述热交换器的机构，所述热交换器具有两个端部；用于在所述热交换器的位于所述两个端部之间的中间点处排出冷却后的空气并将冷却后的空气送至所述空气增压器的机构(19)；用于将增压空气从所述空气增压器送至所述热交换器的机构(CL1，21)；用于将在所述热交换器中冷却的空气送至所述膨胀涡轮机的机构(9，11)；用于将允许在所述膨胀涡轮机中膨胀的空气送至所述低温蒸馏塔系统的机构(17，13)；用于从所述低温蒸馏塔系统提取富氧流(31)和富氮流(33)的机构，所述用于从所述低温蒸馏塔系统提取富氧流(31)和富氮流(33)的机构连接到所述热交换器；用于允许所述空气增压器中的增压空气膨胀的机构(V3)，在所述空气增压器的排出部与用于允许所述空气增压器中的增压空气膨胀的机构之间没有冷却机构；以及用于将在所述空气增压器中增压并允许通过所述膨胀机构膨胀的空气在已被增压之后尚未于所述热交换器中冷却的情况下送至所述膨胀涡轮机的上游或下游的机构，其特征在于，所述装置包括用于检测所述空气增压器(C2)的两个点之间的压降或流量的机构，以及用于仅在所述空气增压器的压降或流量超过表明泵送迫近的阈值的情况下才打开所述膨胀机构(V3)以在不经过所述热交换器的情况下将增压空气送至所述膨胀涡轮机的上游或下游的机构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述空气增压器(C2)连接到所述膨胀涡轮机(T2)的入口，使得能允许增压空气在所述膨胀涡轮机中至少部分地膨胀。
3.一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法，其中，在空气压缩机中压缩所有待蒸馏空气，使在所述空气压缩机中被压缩的待蒸馏空气的至少一部分在空气增压器(C2)中增压，允许源自所述空气压缩机和可选地源自所述空气增压器的压缩空气在至少一个膨胀涡轮机(T2，T1)中膨胀，在包括至少一个塔(K1，K2)的低温蒸馏塔系统中分离在热交换器(E)中冷却的压缩空气，在所述热交换器的位于其两个端部之间的中间点处排出冷却后的空气以便送至所述空气增压器，将增压空气从所述空气增压器送至所述热交换器，将在所述热交换器中冷却的空气送至所述膨胀涡轮机，将允许在所述膨胀涡轮机中膨胀的空气送至所述低温蒸馏塔系统，从所述低温蒸馏塔系统中提取富氧流(31)和富氮流(33)，并且在所述热交换器中加热所述富氧流和富氮流，其特征在于：
i)如果所述空气增压器的两个点之间的压降低于表明所述泵送点迫近的阈值；或者
ii)如果所述空气增压器的流量低于表明所述泵送点迫近的所述空气增压器的最小流量，则
允许在所述空气增压器中增压的空气的一部分在尚未于所述空气增压器与所述膨胀涡轮机之间冷却的情况下膨胀并且将增压且膨胀后的空气在已增压之后在尚未于所述热交换器中冷却的情况下送至所述至少一个膨胀涡轮机的上游或下游，并且在情形ii)的情况下，增加所述空气增压器中的流量以便离开泵送区。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在、优选仅在所述两个点之间的压降在所述阈值以上和/或所述空气增压器(C2)的流量在所述空气增压器的最小流量以上的情况下，将所有空气从所述空气增压器送至所述热交换器(E)以进行冷却。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述空气增压器的所述两个点之间的压降低于所述阈值和/或所述空气增压器的流量低于所述空气增压器的最小流量，则不将任何增压空气送至所述空气增压器的上游。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述空气增压器(C2)的所述两个点之间的压降低于所述阈值和/或所述空气增压器的流量低于所述空气增压器的最小流量，则允许增压且膨胀后的空气在所述膨胀涡轮机(T2)中膨胀，而如果所述空气增压器的所述两个点之间的压降在所述阈值以上和/或所述空气增压器的流量升高到所述最小流量以上，则优选不允许源自所述空气增压器的空气流在所述膨胀涡轮机中膨胀。
7.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述空气增压器(C2)的所述两个点之间的压降低于所述阈值和/或所述空气增压器的流量低于所述最小流量，则允许增压空气膨胀至所述低温蒸馏塔系统的塔(K1，K2)的压力，与源自所述膨胀涡轮机(T2)的空气混合并被送至所述塔。
8.根据权利要求3、4、5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述空气增压器的所述两个点之间的压降在所述阈值以上，则输送所有增压空气以在所述热交换器(E)中进行冷却。
9.根据权利要求3至6中任一项或权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，将送至所述膨胀涡轮机(T2)的增压且膨胀后的空气送至联接到空气源自其中的所述空气增压器的涡轮机。
10.根据权利要求3至6中任一项或权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，将送至所述膨胀涡轮机的增压且膨胀后的空气送至从所述空气增压器(C2)接收其允许膨胀的全部空气的涡轮机(T2)。
11.根据权利要求3至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，仅在所述空气增压器的所述两个点之间的压降低于所述阈值的情况下，所述膨胀涡轮机(T2)才从所述空气增压器接收空气。
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EP3438586B1 (fr) 2020-04-08
US10794630B2 (en) 2020-10-06
US10866024B2 (en) 2020-12-15
US20190041129A1 (en) 2019-02-07
EP3438585A2 (fr) 2019-02-06
EP3438587B1 (fr) 2020-04-08
CN109387033A (zh) 2019-02-26
EP3438584B1 (fr) 2020-03-11
PL3438587T3 (pl) 2020-09-07
EP3438587A1 (fr) 2019-02-06
CN109387031B (zh) 2021-11-02
PL3438586T3 (pl) 2020-09-07
EP3438584A1 (fr) 2019-02-06
EP3438585A3 (fr) 2019-04-17
EP3438586A1 (fr) 2019-02-06
CN109387032A (zh) 2019-02-26
US20190041130A1 (en) 2019-02-07
CN109387033B (zh) 2021-12-14
US20190049178A1 (en) 2019-02-14
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US20190049177A1 (en) 2019-02-14
CN109387034A (zh) 2019-02-26

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