EP3438587B1 - Gerät und verfahren zur trennung von luft durch kryogene destillation - Google Patents

Gerät und verfahren zur trennung von luft durch kryogene destillation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3438587B1
EP3438587B1 EP18187381.1A EP18187381A EP3438587B1 EP 3438587 B1 EP3438587 B1 EP 3438587B1 EP 18187381 A EP18187381 A EP 18187381A EP 3438587 B1 EP3438587 B1 EP 3438587B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
air
compressor
heat exchanger
sent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP18187381.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3438587A1 (de
Inventor
Patrice Cavagne
Bénédicte DOS SANTOS
Yann-Pierrick LEMAIRE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Priority claimed from FR1757493A external-priority patent/FR3069913B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757498A external-priority patent/FR3069916B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757497A external-priority patent/FR3069914B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR1757495A external-priority patent/FR3069915B1/fr
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Priority to PL18187381T priority Critical patent/PL3438587T3/pl
Publication of EP3438587A1 publication Critical patent/EP3438587A1/de
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Publication of EP3438587B1 publication Critical patent/EP3438587B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04818—Start-up of the process
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
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    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
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    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04066—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of oxygen
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    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
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    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
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    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
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    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F25J2240/42—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being air
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    • F25J2280/20—Control for stopping, deriming or defrosting after an emergency shut-down of the installation or for back up system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation, in particular to an apparatus using a heat exchanger to cool all the air intended for distillation.
  • the device is kept cold at least partially by two turbines, each coupled to a compressor.
  • One of the compressors has an inlet temperature above 0 ° C and the other has an inlet temperature which is an intermediate temperature of the heat exchanger, below 0 ° C or even below -50 ° vs.
  • He is known to FR-A-2851330 to connect the outlet of a cold compressor to the inlet of a turbine by parallel pipes, one passing through the main heat exchanger of the air separation unit and the other not passing through it .
  • it is recommended to send the compressed air in the cold compressor to the turbine without passing through the heat exchanger, to avoid sending too hot air.
  • the present invention proposes to overcome this problem for a method using two turbines, by installing a common shorting line connected to the inputs of the two turbines and possibly to the outputs of the two turbines, the line being equipped with an expansion valve. In this way, it is possible to start the process more quickly by sending part of the air from the cold compressor to the column, without passing either through the heat exchanger or the turbines.
  • the starting process can therefore use pipes used in normal operation but by circulating the air in the opposite direction than in normal operation. This makes it possible in particular to reduce the length of the dedicated circuits for starting and therefore their cost.
  • the apparatus comprising a column system comprising a column operating at a first pressure K1 and a column operating at a second pressure K2 lower than the first pressure.
  • the columns are thermally connected through a tank reboiler of the second column heated by nitrogen from the top of the first column.
  • Non-illustrated reflux flows enriched in nitrogen and oxygen are sent from column K1 to column K2.
  • Liquid oxygen 31 is drawn off from the tank of the second column K2 and nitrogen gas 33 is drawn off at the head of the second column. Liquid nitrogen is sent to the top of the second column through certain phases to help keep the process cool. Liquid oxygen 31 can vaporize in the heat exchanger E.
  • the apparatus comprises a first air expansion turbine T2, a second air expansion turbine T1, a first air compressor C2 coupled to the first turbine and a second air compressor C1 coupled to the second turbine.
  • the compressed air 1 at a pressure P from another compressor is divided into two fractions, a first fraction 3 of which is sent to the heat exchanger E without having been compressed to a pressure beyond pressure P.
  • a second fraction 5 is sent to the first compressor C2 where it is compressed to a pressure higher than that (P) of the first fraction 3.
  • the outlet of the first compressor C2 is connected to the inlet of this compressor by a line 25 through a V8 valve.
  • the first fraction 3 is cooled in the heat exchanger E to an intermediate temperature thereof and not having been compressed in the first compressor is sent to the first and the second turbines through the open valve CL3 and the open valves V5, V13, V4, V19.
  • the second fraction 5 cools in the heat exchanger E to an intermediate temperature thereof after being compressed in the first compressor C2. Then it is sent to the second compressor C1.
  • the expanded air from the first and second turbines is sent to the first column K1 to be separated through the valves V6, V15, V11 and the line 13.
  • the second fraction 5 is compressed in the second compressor C1, passes through the open valve CL1 and then cools in the heat exchanger before being sent in liquid form to the first column K1 through the valve V9. Valves V2 and V3 are closed.
  • valve V9 is closed and valve V3 open.
  • the air coming from the compressor C1 no longer passes to the heat exchanger E but to the inlet of the second turbine T1 through the line 23 and the open valve V3.
  • All the air cannot pass through the turbine therefore the valve V4 is open, the flow passing through the turbine being limited by the opening of the blades of the turbine and the rest of the air coming from the compressor C2 passes to the column through lines 11 and 15.
  • the temperature rise is extremely low at start-up, given the minimum compression ratio on compressor C1 thanks to the anti-pumping valve V3.
  • the first fraction 3 is taken out of the heat exchanger at an intermediate temperature thereof and having not been compressed in the first compressor is sent to the second compressor C1.
  • the second fraction 5 cools in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof after being compressed in the first compressor C2. Then it is sent to the first and second turbines. In this case, it is the first fraction 3 of the air which is diverted, in the event of starting, not to pass any more by the heat exchanger E but directly at the entry of the turbine T1 or T2, even the of them.
  • the temperature rise is extremely low at start-up, given the minimum compression ratio on compressor C1 thanks to the anti-pumping valve V3.
  • the first fraction 3 leaves a heat exchanger at an intermediate temperature thereof and, having not been compressed in the first compressor, is sent to the second compressor C2.
  • the second fraction 5 cools in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof after being compressed in the first compressor C1. Then it is sent to the first and second turbines. In this case, it is the first fraction 3 of the air which is diverted, in the event of starting, not to pass any more by the heat exchanger E but directly at the entry of the turbine T1 or T2, even the of them.
  • a differentiated operation is possible for the two turbines T1, T2.
  • it is possible to isolate the booster by closing the valve V1 and by opening the valve V2, so that the air can pass from line 5 through line 27.
  • valves V6 and V13 are closed to isolate the turbine T2 and the necessary frigories are added by adding liquid nitrogen LIN at the head of the low pressure column K2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Einrichtung zur Luftabscheidung durch kryogene Destillation, umfassend ein Säulensystem (K1, K2), eine erste Turbine (T2), einen ersten Kompressor (C2), der mit der ersten Turbine gekoppelt ist, einen Wärmeaustauscher (E), eine zweite Turbine (T1), einen zweiten Kompressor (C1), der mit der zweiten Turbine (T1) gekoppelt ist, Mittel zum Transportieren der im Wärmeaustauscher bis auf eine Zwischentemperatur desselben abgekühlten Luft zu dem zweiten Kompressor, Mittel (CL1) zum Transportieren von im zweiten Kompressor komprimierter Luft an einen Zwischenort des Wärmeaustauschers und dann durch ein erstes Ventil (V9) mindestens teilweise zum Säulensystem, Mittel (9, V4, V19) zum Transportieren einer Luftfraktion, die aus dem ersten Kompressor stammt und im Wärmeaustauscher auf eine Zwischentemperatur abgekühlt ist, zur zweiten Turbine, Mittel (11, V13, V5) zum Transportieren einer im Wärmeaustauscher auf eine Zwischentemperatur desselben abgekühlten Luftfraktion zur ersten Turbine, Mittel (13) zum Transportieren von expandierter Luft aus der ersten Turbine und aus der zweiten Turbine zum Säulensystem, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (23,V3) zum Transportieren der im zweiten Kompressor komprimierten Luft über ein zweites Ventil (V4) zum Eingang der zweiten Turbine umfasst, ohne den Wärmeaustauscher zu durchlaufen, wobei diese Mittel ebenfalls mit dem Eingang der ersten Turbine verbunden sind, und Mittel (9,11,15, V7) zum Transportieren von Luft aus dem zweiten Kompressor zum Säulensystem, ohne den Wärmeaustauscher, die erste oder die zweite Turbine zu durchlaufen, wobei diese Mittel aus einer Überbrückungsleitung (15) bestehen, die mit einem dritten Ventil (V7) versehen sind, bei dem es sich um ein Druckminderventil handelt.
  2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Überbrückungsleitung mit dem Auslass des zweiten Kompressors (C1) verbunden ist, und
    a. mit dem Eingang der ersten Turbine (T2) und dem Ausgang der ersten Turbine oder
    b. mit dem Eingang der zweiten Turbine (T1) und dem Ausgang der zweiten Turbine oder
    c. mit dem Ausgang der ersten und der zweiten Turbine (T1, T2).
  3. Verfahren zum Starten einer Einrichtung zur Luftabscheidung durch kryogene Destillation, umfassend einen ersten Kompressor (C2), eine erste Turbine (T2), die an den ersten Kompressor gekoppelt ist, einen zweiten Kompressor (C1) und eine zweite Turbine (T1), wobei die zweite Turbine an den zweiten Kompressor gekoppelt ist, wobei:
    a. im Normalbetrieb Luft zu einen Wärmeaustauscher (E) transportiert wird, abgekühlt wird, mindestens ein Teil der Luft bei einer Zwischentemperatur des Wärmeaustauscher abgezogen wird, in dem zweiten Kompressor (C1) komprimiert wird, mindestens ein Teil der in dem Wärmeaustauscher der ersten Turbine (T2) abgekühlten Druckluft gegebenenfalls zu dem zweiten Kompressor transportiert wird und die in der Turbine expandierte Luft zum Säulensystem (K1, K2) transportiert wird, im zweiten Kompressor komprimierte Luft an einen Zwischenort des Wärmeaustauschers und dann über ein erstes Ventil (V9) wenigstens teilweise zum Säulensystem transportiert wird, Luft zum ersten Kompressor transportiert wird, eine Luftfraktion (9), die aus dem ersten Kompressor stammt, zwecks Abkühlung auf eine Zwischentemperatur in den Wärmeaustauscher transportiert wird und dann vor dem Transport zum Säulensystem zur zweiten Turbine transportiert wird,
    b. während des Startens die Luft aus dem zweiten Kompressor nach dem Expandieren in einem dritten Ventil (V7) über eine Überbrückungsleitung (15), die mit einem dritten Ventil (V7) ausgestattet ist, zum Säulensystem transportiert wird, und zwar ohne den Wärmeaustauscher, die erste oder die zweite Turbine zu durchlaufen.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei die erste Turbine und die zweite Turbine (T2, T1) gleichzeitig gestartet werden.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, wobei in Normalbetrieb mindestens ein Teil der Luft aus dem zweiten Kompressor (C1) an den Wärmeaustauscher (E) und dann über das erste Ventil (V9) an das Säulensystem (K1, K2) transportiert wird und wobei mindestens bei einem Abschnitt des Startens dieses erste Ventil geschlossen ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5,wobei im Normalbetrieb mindestens ein Teil der komprimierten und im Wärmeaustauscher abgekühlten Luft über eine erste Leitung an die erste Turbine (T2) transportiert wird und wobei man während des Startens die für das Säulensystem (K1, K2) bestimmte Luft zirkulieren lässt, und zwar ohne den Wärmeaustauscher (E), die erste oder die zweite Turbine (T2, T1) zu durchlaufen, jedoch mit Durchlaufen der ersten Leitung in der im Normalbetrieb entgegengesetzten Richtung.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, wobei man im Normalbetrieb die Luft nicht in der Überbrückungsleitung (15) zirkulieren lässt.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, wobei während des Startens keine Luft zu der ersten Turbine (T2) und/ oder zu der zweiten Turbine (T1) transportiert wird.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei während des Startens die gesamte Luft zu dem Säulensystem (K1, K2) transportiert wird, und zwar durch die Überbrückungsleitung (15).
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, wobei während des Startens die Luft zum Expandieren in die erste Turbine (T2) transportiert wird, ohne im Wärmeaustauscher (E) abgekühlt zu werden.
EP18187381.1A 2017-08-03 2018-08-03 Gerät und verfahren zur trennung von luft durch kryogene destillation Active EP3438587B1 (de)

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FR1757493A FR3069913B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 Appareil et procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
FR1757498A FR3069916B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 Procede de degivrage d'un appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique et appareil adapte pour etre degivre par ce procede
FR1757497A FR3069914B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 Appareil et procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
FR1757495A FR3069915B1 (fr) 2017-08-03 2017-08-03 Appareil et procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique

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US20190041130A1 (en) 2019-02-07
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CN109387031A (zh) 2019-02-26
CN109387032A (zh) 2019-02-26
CN109387031B (zh) 2021-11-02
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CN109387033B (zh) 2021-12-14
CN109387034B (zh) 2021-11-19
US10794630B2 (en) 2020-10-06
US20190049177A1 (en) 2019-02-14
US12181217B2 (en) 2024-12-31
EP3438584A1 (de) 2019-02-06
EP3438586A1 (de) 2019-02-06
EP3438586B1 (de) 2020-04-08
PL3438587T3 (pl) 2020-09-07
EP3438585A2 (de) 2019-02-06
EP3438585A3 (de) 2019-04-17
US20190049178A1 (en) 2019-02-14
US10866024B2 (en) 2020-12-15
US20190041129A1 (en) 2019-02-07
PL3438586T3 (pl) 2020-09-07

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