EP3414399B1 - Method for producing an anchoring tie rod and anchoring tie rod - Google Patents

Method for producing an anchoring tie rod and anchoring tie rod Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3414399B1
EP3414399B1 EP17709135.2A EP17709135A EP3414399B1 EP 3414399 B1 EP3414399 B1 EP 3414399B1 EP 17709135 A EP17709135 A EP 17709135A EP 3414399 B1 EP3414399 B1 EP 3414399B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bulb
tubular element
ground
diameter
anchor
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EP17709135.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3414399A1 (en
Inventor
Serge Borel
Marie Lebreton
Juan Fernando URIBE
Felipe GRUBER
Ivan CUBILLOS
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Publication of EP3414399A1 publication Critical patent/EP3414399A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of construction of anchors in the ground, and in particular that of the construction of anchor rods.
  • the invention will find its application in particular in the manufacture of anchor rods of medium capacity, more particularly made in loose soil.
  • an anchor is a device capable of transmitting the tensile forces which are applied to it to a layer of soil by resting on a reaction mass constituting the structure to be anchored.
  • An object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a method of manufacturing an anchor offering better sealing of the reinforcement in the ground.
  • the implementation of the method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain an anchoring in the ground which comprises an upper portion having a first diameter, and a bulb of substantially cylindrical shape having a second diameter greater than the first diameter.
  • a deployable mixing device makes it possible to guarantee the diameter of the bulb.
  • a drilling machine it is possible for example to use the tool described in the documents EP 1878833 , EP 2931979 , ES 2402975 or JP 11222846 .
  • the step of mixing the soil in place with the fluid can be carried out by moving the drilling tool in the direction of drilling in a first direction, in a second direction opposite to the first direction, or even in both meaning.
  • the mixing step is carried out during a descent phase and / or an ascent phase of the drilling tool.
  • the fluid is a binder, so that the bulb comprises a first material forming a mixture consisting of the mixture of the soil in place with the binder.
  • the step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground is accompanied by the injection of a drilling fluid, for example water.
  • the anchor is an anchor tie
  • the upper portion constitutes the free part of the tie
  • the bulb constitutes the sealed part of the tie.
  • the frame is then fixed to an anchor head.
  • the difference in diameter between the free part and the sealed part appreciably improves the sealing capacity of the tie rod.
  • the shoulder formed between the bulb and the upper portion participates advantageously in the sealing of the bulb in the ground.
  • the reinforcement is inserted into the bulb after removal of the drilling tool.
  • the second diameter is at least equal to twice the first diameter. More preferably, the second diameter is at least three times the first diameter. More preferably, the second diameter is at least four times the first diameter.
  • the second diameter of the bulb is at least 400 mm, while the first diameter of the upper portion is between 100 and 300 mm.
  • the bulb has a cylindrical portion terminated by a frustoconical portion connecting the cylindrical portion to the upper portion.
  • the length of the bulb depends in particular on the effort to be taken up by the anchoring and on the characteristics of the ground, in particular the lateral friction.
  • the frame is coated with sealing grout.
  • the frame is embedded in a volume of grout which extends at least into the bulb.
  • the volume of grout also extends in the upper portion.
  • the bulb is drilled while the first material is still fresh.
  • the armature is a self-drilling armature which is constituted by the drilling device which is used to carry out drilling in the bulb.
  • the third diameter is less than the first diameter.
  • the third diameter is at least equal to the first diameter of the upper portion.
  • the first material constituting the upper portion at the end of the mixing step is replaced by the grout at the end of the filling step.
  • An anchor is therefore obtained having an upper portion (possibly wider than the initial upper portion) consisting of grout, this upper portion extending longitudinally in the bulb.
  • the grout is chosen so that the friction between the grout and the first material is greater than the friction between the grout and the ground, which allows in particular to be able to reduce the length of the sealed part compared to a conventional tie rod.
  • the invention makes it possible to guarantee significant friction between the reinforcement and the grout.
  • the grout is a cement grout having a cement-to-water mass ratio (C / E) of the order of 2. It can also be a resin or any other hardening product.
  • the lateral friction obtained is preferably of the order of 1 MPa.
  • the tubular element makes it possible in particular to facilitate the insertion of the mixing device into the ground when it is in the retracted position. It also supports the ground and guarantees the first diameter of the upper portion.
  • the tubular element serves both as a guide to facilitate the insertion of the reinforcement into the ground, and also as a conduit for bringing the grout into the borehole.
  • the tubular element makes it possible to fill the borehole with grout from its lower part, which facilitates filling.
  • the frame is an open tube at its lower end to facilitate filling. It can also be a bar attached to a hose or a tube with cuffs.
  • the tubular element is first introduced into the ground, then the drilling tool is introduced into the tubular element previously introduced into the soil.
  • the tubular element is simultaneously introduced into the ground with the drilling tool, the mixing device being previously brought into the retracted position and secured to the tubular element.
  • the tubular element is removed at the end or during the insertion step.
  • the filling step with sealing grout can be carried out during the withdrawal of the drilling tool.
  • the drilling tool comprises a tubular body extending along the longitudinal axis
  • the mixing device comprises two deployable wings which are pivotally mounted relative to the tubular body, and spring members arranged between the tubular body and each of the deployable wings, the spring members tending to bring the mixing device into the deployed position by pivoting the deployable wings.
  • the fluid is injected under pressure during the mixing step.
  • One advantage is to help with the destructuring of the soil and the mixing of the grout with the soil.
  • the pressure applied can range from a few kPa up to the high pressures used in jet-grouting, of the order of 60 MPa or more.
  • the initial bulb material consisting of the mixture of the soil in place with the fluid is replaced by a sealing material.
  • the fluid is a drilling fluid, for example water
  • the sealing material is a mortar.
  • the substitution step consists of injecting the sealing material into the bulb while removing the initial material from the bulb. More preferably, at the end of the mixing step, the injection of fluid is continued to evacuate the initial material, after which the mortar is injected.
  • the invention also relates to a method of constructing a prestressed anchor in a ground bordered by a reaction block, implementing the method of constructing an anchor according to the invention and in which the step d 'introduction includes a preliminary step of drilling the reaction block, in which, after obtaining the anchor, a tie head is placed between the reaction block and the frame, then the frame is tensioned.
  • the reaction mass can be a wall, a raft, or any other structure to be anchored.
  • the invention also relates to an anchoring in a ground in which, considered from the surface of said ground, said anchoring extends in a longitudinal direction and successively comprises an upper portion having a diameter, then at least one bulb having a diameter greater than the diameter of the upper portion, the upper portion and the bulb comprising at least one first material, and the anchoring further comprises a frame extending in the longitudinal direction in the upper portion and in the bulb.
  • the first material consists of a mixture of the excavated soil with a binder.
  • the proportions of soil and binder within the first material will be chosen according to the type of soil and the strength objective of the anchor. According to a variant, the proportion of soil is less than 10%.
  • the frame is coated with a second material according to a coating diameter which is less than the diameter of the bulb.
  • the coating diameter is at least equal to the diameter of the upper portion.
  • the second material is advantageously different from the first material.
  • the second material forms a cylindrical coating extending longitudinally in the bulb and in the upper portion.
  • the second material is a sealing grout.
  • the anchoring frame preferably includes a metal bar, a tube or at least one strand.
  • the invention finally relates to an anchor tie comprising an anchor according to the invention.
  • a drilling machine 10 is provided, such as that described in EP 1878833 or EP 2931979 .
  • This drilling machine 10 which is not described in detail here, comprises a drilling tool 12 which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis A.
  • the means for driving the drilling tool 12 in rotation are known elsewhere, and will not be described here.
  • the drilling tool 12 is moreover provided with a deployable mixing device 14 which has a retracted position illustrated in figure 1 , and a deployed position illustrated in figure 2 .
  • the drilling tool 12 comprises a tubular body 16 extending along the longitudinal axis A ; the mixing device 14 comprises two deployable wings 18, 20 which are pivotally mounted relative to the tubular body 16 about an axis of rotation X which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A.
  • the mixing device further comprises members springs not shown here, which are arranged between the tubular body 16 and each of the deployable wings 18, 20. In known manner, the spring members tend to lead the mixer device in the deployed position by pivoting the deployable wings around the axis X.
  • the mixing device 14 has, in its deployed position illustrated in figure 2 , a diametral span T1 which is greater than its diametral span T2 in the retracted position.
  • the drilling machine 10 further comprises a device 22 for injecting a pressurized fluid into the soil.
  • the fluid is a binder.
  • the injection of fluid into the soil S is done by means of nozzles arranged in the tubular body 16 of the drilling tool near the wings 18, 21.
  • a step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground is carried out in a drilling direction F which is parallel to the longitudinal axis A in order to forming an upper portion C having a height H 1, a first diameter D1 .
  • the upper portion C extends from the ground surface to a first depth P1 .
  • the upper portion C has a substantially cylindrical shape having the diameter D1 .
  • the mixing device is in the retracted position during the introduction step. It is specified that the diametrical span T2 of the mixing device in the retracted position is substantially equal to or slightly less than the diameter D1 .
  • the drilling tool 12 also comprises a cutting member 13 which is arranged at the distal end of the tubular body 16 below the mixing device.
  • This cutting member 13 is configured to perform drilling in the soil S according to the direction of drilling.
  • a mixing step is carried out during which the mixing device is brought into the deployed position, by deploying the wings 18, 20. Then, one drives in rotation the drilling tool with the mixing device 14, in the deployed position while injecting the binder so as to carry out an in situ mechanical mixing of the soil in place with the binder.
  • the drilling tool is moved axially along the drilling direction F so as to form a bulb B in the ground, below the upper portion C.
  • the bulb B has a second diameter D2 which is greater than the first diameter D1 of the upper portion.
  • the bulb B is produced from top to bottom, by deploying the wings immediately below the upper cavity.
  • the wings could be deployed when the drilling tool has reached the depth corresponding to the depth of the lower part of the bulb B.
  • the bulb would be formed from below at the top by raising the drilling tool 12.
  • the deployment of the wings is carried out automatically, so that the bulb B is produced from top to bottom by longitudinal displacement of the mixing device in the deployed position and injection of fluid.
  • the ground has been illustrated, in vertical section, after removal of the drilling tool.
  • bulb B has a cylindrical shape extending over a height H2. It is understood that the second diameter D2 corresponds to the maximum diameter of the bulb B.
  • the bulb B has, at its lower end B1 , an extension of a diameter less than the second diameter D2.
  • the bulb also comprises at its upper end B2 a frustoconical shape making the junction between the cylindrical portion of diameter D2 and the upper portion C of diameter D1 . This frustoconical shape promotes the sealing of the bulb in the ground.
  • an insertion step is then carried out during which a frame 30 is inserted into the bulb B after having removed the drilling tool 12 from the ground.
  • the frame 30 consists of a metal bar which is inserted in the direction of drilling.
  • the anchor 100 is obtained in the soil extending in a longitudinal direction Z which corresponds to the direction of drilling F.
  • the step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground, and the mixing step are similar to those of the first mode of implementation.
  • the second mode of implementation is distinguished from the first mode of implementation, by the fact that, after the mixing step, the drilling tool is removed from the ground and then, during the step of insertion: drilling K is carried out in the bulb B in the drilling direction F before hardening of the soil-binder mixture.
  • the borehole K has a third diameter D3 which is less than the second diameter D2 of the bulb B.
  • the borehole K is carried out using a drilling device 40 of tubular shape whose lower end is open and carries a means of section 42. As illustrated in figure 7 , after having drilled K, the latter is filled with grout. In this example, the filling with grout is done by injection through the drilling device 40, while raising the drilling device.
  • the reinforcement 30 is inserted into the borehole K, as illustrated in figure 8 .
  • the reinforcement 30 could be inserted into the borehole K before the step of filling with grout.
  • the grout is cement grout having a C / E cement to water ratio of the order of 2.
  • the grout is chosen so that the friction between the reinforcement and the grout is high, of the order of 1 MPa. It is also chosen so that the friction between the grout and the mixture resulting from the mixing of the soil with the binder is greater than the friction between said mixture and the soil surrounding the anchoring.
  • the third diameter D3 is also less than the first diameter D1 .
  • the third diameter D3 could be equal to or slightly greater than the first diameter D1 of the upper portion, so as to replace the material constituting the upper portion, namely the above-mentioned mixture, with grout of sealing. This variant is particularly illustrated in figure 22 which will be described in more detail below.
  • the drilling machine further comprises a tubular element 50 which has a diameter D and a lower end 50a, as well as 'a length L.
  • the mixing device is shaped to be housed in the tubular element 50 when the mixing device is in the retracted position.
  • the diametrical span T1 of the mixer device in the deployed position is greater than the diameter D of the tubular element 50.
  • the diametral span T2 of the mixer device in the retracted position is less than the diameter D of the tubular element 50.
  • the tubular element 50 is introduced into the ground in the direction of drilling F , having previously arranged the drilling tool in the retracted position in the tubular element 50. To do this, it is secured the drilling tool 12 with the tubular element 50 and the assembly consisting of the tubular element secured to the drilling tool is introduced into the ground along the direction of drilling, as illustrated in figure 10 .
  • the drilling tool is detached from the tubular element and then descended axially the drilling tool 12 in the direction of drilling F with respect to the tubular element 50.
  • the mixing device 16 is moved under the lower end 50a of the tubular element 50, after which the step of in-situ mixing of the excavated soil with the binder.
  • the tubular element 50 surrounds and delimits the upper portion C which is arranged above the bulb B. After removal of the drilling tool 12, the reinforcement 30 is introduced into the bulb in the direction of drilling F, after which the tubular element 50 is removed .
  • a fourth mode of implementation of the method according to the invention has been illustrated, which differs from the third mode of implementation in that, after removing the drilling tool 12 from the ground S, then, during the insertion step: drilling K is carried out in the upper portion C and in the bulb B in the direction of drilling F and according to a third diameter D3 smaller than the second diameter D2. The borehole is then filled with the grout before inserting the reinforcement 30 into the borehole K. Then, the tubular element is removed from the ground.
  • This mode of implementation differs from the third mode of implementation in that, after the mixing step, the mixing device is brought, in the retracted position, into the tubular element 50 then, during step d introduction, the drilling tool 12 is secured to the tubular element 50, and the assembly consisting of the drilling tool 12 and the tubular element 50 is rotated , and said assembly is moved towards the lower end B1 of the bulb B.
  • This displacement is effected in the direction of drilling F so as to carry out a drilling K ' in the bulb B, it being recalled that the bulb B is at this moment made up of a fresh mixture resulting from the mixing of the soil excavated with the binder.
  • the drilling tool 12 and the tubular element 50 are separated , after which the drilling tool is removed from the ground while leaving the tubular element 50 in the bulb B, as is illustrated in figure 23 .
  • the frame 30 ' is inserted into the tubular element 50.
  • the frame 30' consists of a tube open at its lower end 30'a and at its upper end 30'b.
  • the tubular element 50 After introduction of the armature 30 'in the tubular element 50, filling the tubular element 50 with the sealing slurry to fill the drill K'. This filling is carried out by injecting the sealing grout through the upper end 30'b of the frame 30 ' so as to discharge the grout from the lower end of the frame. After filling the hole K ' with the grout, the tubular element 50 is removed from the ground so as to obtain the anchoring.
  • the frame 30 ' could also be a bar or a strand associated with an injection device such as a cuff tube or more simply a hose. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the filling could also be carried out during the step illustrated in figure 23 .
  • an anchor rod 300 is illustrated comprising an anchor 200 produced using the second, fourth or fifth embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • This anchor 300 is secured to a reaction mass 310 and which borders the ground.
  • the reaction mass 310 is a vertical concrete wall.
  • the aforementioned introduction step comprises a preliminary step of drilling the reaction mass 310. This drilling is carried out in a drilling direction which is inclined relative to the vertical direction so that the 'longitudinal axis Z of the anchor is inclined relative to the vertical.
  • Anchoring 200 is then carried out by implementing the method according to the invention.
  • the anchor 200 considered from the surface, successively comprises an upper portion G then at least one bulb B which has a diameter D2 greater than the diameter D3 of the upper portion P.
  • the upper portion G extends at a height H1 while the bulb extends over a height H2. It is specified that the upper portion G is intended to form the free part of the anchor tie, while the bulb B forms the sealed part of the anchor tie 300.
  • friction is reduced significantly by a device 203 , such as a greased sheath, or a frame coated with a non-stick coating.
  • the upper portion G forms the upper part of a cylindrical core consisting of grout which extends longitudinally in the bulb B.
  • the bulb B consists of an annular layer of mixture consisting of a soil-binder mixture surrounding the cylindrical core of grout.
  • the anchor 200 also comprises a frame 30, in this case a metal bar of diameter D4, which extends in the longitudinal direction Z in the upper portion G and in the bulb B.
  • the cylindrical grout core coats the reinforcement 30 over more than two-thirds of its length. It is therefore understood that the bulb B is made of a first material resulting from the mixture of the excavated soil with the binder and of a second material, in this case the sealing grout, which surrounds the frame 30, the first coating material. the second material.
  • the diameter D2 of the bulb B is equal to 600 mm, while the coefficient of friction between the first material and the ground is 80 kPa.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical core extending inside the bulb B which is made of the second material has a diameter D3 equal to 150 mm, and a coefficient of friction between the first and the second material of the order of 320 kPa.
  • the diameter of the armature 30 is 50 mm, and the coefficient of friction between the armature and the second material is of the order of 960 kPa.
  • a tie-rod head 320 is mounted at the upper end of the upper portion G, this tie-rod head being fixed to the reaction frame and to the frame 30. After placing the tie-rod head 320, the armature 30 is tensioned so as to pre-stress the anchor tie 300.

Description

Arrière-plan de l'inventionInvention background

L'invention a trait au domaine de la construction d'ancrages dans le sol, et notamment celui de la construction de tirants d'ancrage.The invention relates to the field of construction of anchors in the ground, and in particular that of the construction of anchor rods.

L'invention trouvera notamment son application dans la fabrication de tirants d'ancrage de capacité moyenne, plus particulièrement réalisés dans des sols meubles.The invention will find its application in particular in the manufacture of anchor rods of medium capacity, more particularly made in loose soil.

Classiquement, un tirant d'ancrage est un dispositif capable de transmettre les forces de traction qui lui sont appliquées à une couche de sol en prenant appui sur un massif de réaction constituant la structure à ancrer.Conventionally, an anchor is a device capable of transmitting the tensile forces which are applied to it to a layer of soil by resting on a reaction mass constituting the structure to be anchored.

Un tirant d'ancrage se compose généralement :

  • d'une tête d'ancrage qui transmet les forces de traction de l'armature à la structure à ancrer par l'intermédiaire d'un système d'appui ;
  • d'une armature ;
  • d'une partie scellée par l'intermédiaire de laquelle la force de traction est transmise au terrain environnant ;
  • d'une partie libre, disposée entre la partie scellée et la structure à ancrer.
A tie rod generally consists of:
  • an anchoring head which transmits the tensile forces of the reinforcement to the structure to be anchored by means of a support system;
  • a frame;
  • a sealed part through which the tensile force is transmitted to the surrounding terrain;
  • a free part, arranged between the sealed part and the structure to be anchored.

Dans les sols ayant des capacités mécaniques médiocres, tels les sols meubles, les scellements classiques des tirants d'ancrage ne permettent pas de mobiliser les efforts suffisants pour ancrer correctement la structure à ancrer.In soils with poor mechanical capacities, such as loose soils, the conventional seals of the anchor rods do not make it possible to mobilize sufficient efforts to properly anchor the structure to be anchored.

On connaît par ailleurs les documents CH 146798 et US 4015433 qui décrivent des ancrages.We also know the documents CH 146798 and US 4015433 that describe anchors.

On connaît également le document WO 2016/009143 qui décrit un procédé de construction d'un ancrage et un ancrage selon le préambule des revendications 1 et 14.We also know the document WO 2016/009143 which describes a method of constructing an anchor and an anchor according to the preamble of claims 1 and 14.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionSubject and summary of the invention

Un but de la présente invention est de résoudre les inconvénients précités en proposant un procédé de fabrication d'un ancrage offrant un meilleur scellement de l'armature dans le sol.An object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a method of manufacturing an anchor offering better sealing of the reinforcement in the ground.

Pour ce faire, l'invention porte sur un procédé de construction d'un ancrage dans un sol, dans lequel :

  • on fournit une armature et une machine de forage qui comporte :
    • un outil de forage qui est rotatif autour d'un axe longitudinal, l'outil de forage étant muni d'un dispositif mélangeur déployable qui présente une position rétractée et une position déployée, le dispositif mélangeur présentant en position déployée une envergure diamétrale qui est supérieure à son envergure diamétrale en position rétractée ;
    • un dispositif pour injecter au moins un fluide dans le sol ;
  • procédé dans lequel :
    • on réalise une étape d'introduction de l'outil de forage dans le sol selon une direction de forage parallèle à l'axe longitudinal afin de former une portion supérieure ayant un premier diamètre, une première hauteur et s'étendant jusqu'à une première profondeur, le dispositif mélangeur étant en position rétractée pendant l'étape d'introduction ; puis
    • on réalise une étape de mélange au cours de laquelle on amène le dispositif mélangeur en position déployée et on entraine en rotation l'outil de forage avec le dispositif mélangeur en position déployée, tout en déplaçant axialement l'outil de forage selon la direction de forage, et tout en injectant le fluide de façon à réaliser un mélange mécanique in situ du sol en place avec le fluide, de manière à former dans le sol, en-dessous de la portion supérieure, un bulbe ayant un deuxième diamètre qui est supérieur au premier diamètre;
    • on réalise une étape d'insertion au cours de laquelle on insère l'armature dans le bulbe, par quoi on obtient un ancrage dans le sol.
To do this, the invention relates to a method of constructing an anchor in a ground, in which:
  • a frame and a drilling machine are provided which include:
    • a drilling tool which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis, the drilling tool being provided with a deployable mixing device which has a retracted position and a deployed position, the mixing device having a diametrical span which is greater in the deployed position to its diametral span in the retracted position;
    • a device for injecting at least one fluid into the soil;
  • process in which:
    • a step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground is carried out in a drilling direction parallel to the longitudinal axis in order to form an upper portion having a first diameter, a first height and extending to a first depth, the mixing device being in the retracted position during the introduction step; then
    • a mixing step is carried out during which the mixing device is brought into the deployed position and the drilling tool is rotated with the mixing device in the deployed position, while axially moving the drilling tool in the direction of drilling , and while injecting the fluid so as to effect a mechanical mixing in situ of the soil in place with the fluid, so as to form in the soil, below the upper portion, a bulb having a second diameter which is greater than the first diameter;
    • an insertion step is carried out during which the frame is inserted into the bulb, whereby an anchoring is obtained in the ground.

La mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention permet donc d'obtenir un ancrage dans le sol qui comporte une portion supérieure ayant un premier diamètre, et un bulbe de forme sensiblement cylindrique ayant un deuxième diamètre supérieur au premier diamètre.The implementation of the method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain an anchoring in the ground which comprises an upper portion having a first diameter, and a bulb of substantially cylindrical shape having a second diameter greater than the first diameter.

Grâce à cette différence de diamètre entre la portion supérieure et le bulbe, on améliore sensiblement la capacité de scellement de l'ancrage dans le sol.Thanks to this difference in diameter between the upper portion and the bulb, the sealing capacity of the anchor in the ground is significantly improved.

En outre, l'utilisation d'un dispositif mélangeur déployable permet de garantir le diamètre du bulbe. Comme machine de forage, on pourra par exemple utiliser l'outil décrit dans les documents EP 1878833 , EP 2931979 , ES 2402975 ou JP 11222846 .In addition, the use of a deployable mixing device makes it possible to guarantee the diameter of the bulb. As a drilling machine, it is possible for example to use the tool described in the documents EP 1878833 , EP 2931979 , ES 2402975 or JP 11222846 .

On précise que l'étape de mélange du sol en place avec le fluide peut être réalisée en déplaçant l'outil de forage selon la direction de forage selon un premier sens, selon un second sens opposé au premier sens, ou bien encore selon les deux sens. Lorsque la direction de forage est verticale, l'étape de mélange est réalisée lors d'une phase de descente et/ou une phase de remontée de l'outil de forage.It is specified that the step of mixing the soil in place with the fluid can be carried out by moving the drilling tool in the direction of drilling in a first direction, in a second direction opposite to the first direction, or even in both meaning. When the drilling direction is vertical, the mixing step is carried out during a descent phase and / or an ascent phase of the drilling tool.

De préférence, mais non exclusivement, le fluide est un liant, de sorte que le bulbe comporte un premier matériau formant une mixture constituée du mélange du sol en place avec le liant.Preferably, but not exclusively, the fluid is a binder, so that the bulb comprises a first material forming a mixture consisting of the mixture of the soil in place with the binder.

Encore de préférence, l'étape d'introduction de l'outil de forage dans le sol s'accompagne de l'injection d'un fluide de forage, par exemple de l'eau.More preferably, the step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground is accompanied by the injection of a drilling fluid, for example water.

Lorsque l'ancrage est un tirant d'ancrage, on comprend que la portion supérieure constitue la partie libre du tirant, tandis que le bulbe constitue la partie scellée du tirant. L'armature est alors fixée à une tête d'ancrage. La différence de diamètre entre la partie libre et la partie scellée améliore sensiblement la capacité de scellement du tirant. En outre, l'épaulement formé entre le bulbe et la portion supérieure participe de manière avantageuse au scellement du bulbe dans le sol.When the anchor is an anchor tie, it is understood that the upper portion constitutes the free part of the tie, while the bulb constitutes the sealed part of the tie. The frame is then fixed to an anchor head. The difference in diameter between the free part and the sealed part appreciably improves the sealing capacity of the tie rod. In addition, the shoulder formed between the bulb and the upper portion participates advantageously in the sealing of the bulb in the ground.

De préférence, mais non exclusivement, on insère l'armature dans le bulbe après retrait de l'outil de forage.Preferably, but not exclusively, the reinforcement is inserted into the bulb after removal of the drilling tool.

De préférence, le deuxième diamètre est au moins égal au double du premier diamètre. Encore de préférence, le deuxième diamètre est au moins égal au triple du premier diamètre. Encore de préférence, le deuxième diamètre est au moins égal à quatre fois le premier diamètre.Preferably, the second diameter is at least equal to twice the first diameter. More preferably, the second diameter is at least three times the first diameter. More preferably, the second diameter is at least four times the first diameter.

De préférence, le deuxième diamètre du bulbe, est au moins égal à 400 mm, tandis que le premier diamètre de la portion supérieure, est compris entre 100 et 300 mm.Preferably, the second diameter of the bulb is at least 400 mm, while the first diameter of the upper portion is between 100 and 300 mm.

De préférence, mais non nécessairement, le bulbe présente une portion cylindrique terminée par une portion tronconique reliant la portion cylindrique à la portion supérieure.Preferably, but not necessarily, the bulb has a cylindrical portion terminated by a frustoconical portion connecting the cylindrical portion to the upper portion.

La longueur du bulbe dépend notamment de l'effort à reprendre par l'ancrage et des caractéristiques du terrain, notamment du frottement latéral.The length of the bulb depends in particular on the effort to be taken up by the anchoring and on the characteristics of the ground, in particular the lateral friction.

Selon l'invention, après l'étape de mélange, on retire l'outil de forage hors du sol puis, lors de l'étape d'insertion :

  • on réalise un forage dans le bulbe selon la direction de forage et selon un troisième diamètre inférieur au deuxième diamètre;
  • on remplit le forage avec du coulis de scellement ;
  • on insère l'armature dans le forage, avant ou après avoir rempli le forage avec du coulis de scellement.
According to the invention, after the mixing step, the drilling tool is removed from the ground and then, during the insertion step:
  • drilling is carried out in the bulb according to the direction of drilling and according to a third diameter smaller than the second diameter;
  • the borehole is filled with grout;
  • the reinforcement is inserted into the borehole, before or after filling the borehole with grout.

On comprend donc que l'armature est enrobée avec du coulis de scellement. Autrement dit, l'armature est noyée dans un volume de coulis qui s'étend au moins dans le bulbe. De préférence, le volume de coulis s'étend également dans la portion supérieure.It is therefore understood that the frame is coated with sealing grout. In other words, the frame is embedded in a volume of grout which extends at least into the bulb. Preferably, the volume of grout also extends in the upper portion.

De préférence, le bulbe est foré alors que le premier matériau est encore frais.Preferably, the bulb is drilled while the first material is still fresh.

Selon un mode de mise en œuvre, l'armature est une armature autoforée qui est constituée par le dispositif de forage qui sert à réaliser le forage dans le bulbe.According to one embodiment, the armature is a self-drilling armature which is constituted by the drilling device which is used to carry out drilling in the bulb.

Selon une première variante, le troisième diamètre est inférieur au premier diamètre.According to a first variant, the third diameter is less than the first diameter.

Selon une deuxième variante avantageuse, le troisième diamètre est au moins égal au premier diamètre de la portion supérieure. De cette façon, le premier matériau constitutif de la portion supérieure à l'issue de l'étape de mélange est substitué par le coulis de scellement à l'issue de l'étape de remplissage. On obtient donc un ancrage ayant une portion supérieure (éventuellement plus large que la portion supérieure initiale) constituée de coulis de scellement, cette portion supérieure se prolongeant longitudinalement dans le bulbe.According to a second advantageous variant, the third diameter is at least equal to the first diameter of the upper portion. In this way, the first material constituting the upper portion at the end of the mixing step is replaced by the grout at the end of the filling step. An anchor is therefore obtained having an upper portion (possibly wider than the initial upper portion) consisting of grout, this upper portion extending longitudinally in the bulb.

Dans cette deuxième variante avantageuse et lorsque l'ancrage est un tirant d'ancrage, le coulis de scellement est choisi de façon que le frottement entre le coulis et le premier matériau est plus important que le frottement entre le coulis et le sol, ce qui permet notamment de pouvoir réduire la longueur de la partie scellée par rapport à un tirant classique.In this second advantageous variant and when the anchoring is a tie rod, the grout is chosen so that the friction between the grout and the first material is greater than the friction between the grout and the ground, which allows in particular to be able to reduce the length of the sealed part compared to a conventional tie rod.

Par ailleurs, l'invention permet de garantir un frottement important entre l'armature et le coulis.Furthermore, the invention makes it possible to guarantee significant friction between the reinforcement and the grout.

De préférence, le coulis est un coulis de ciment présentant un ratio massique ciment sur eau (C/E) de l'ordre de 2. Il peut s'agir également d'une résine ou de tout autre produit durcissant. Le frottement latéral obtenu est préférentiellement de l'ordre de 1MPa.Preferably, the grout is a cement grout having a cement-to-water mass ratio (C / E) of the order of 2. It can also be a resin or any other hardening product. The lateral friction obtained is preferably of the order of 1 MPa.

Selon un mode de mise en œuvre avantageux, la machine de forage comporte en outre un élément tubulaire ayant un diamètre et une extrémité inférieure, le dispositif mélangeur étant conformé pour pouvoir être logé dans l'élément tubulaire lorsque ledit dispositif mélangeur est en position rétractée, l'envergure diamétrale du dispositif mélangeur en position déployée étant supérieure au diamètre de l'élément tubulaire, procédé dans lequel, au cours de l'étape d'introduction de l'outil de forage dans le sol :

  • on introduit l'élément tubulaire dans le sol jusqu'à la première profondeur selon la direction de forage;
  • on introduit l'outil de forage en position rétractée dans l'élément tubulaire ; puis, après l'étape d'introduction de l'outil de forage dans le sol :
  • on déplace axialement l'outil de forage selon la direction de forage par rapport à l'élément tubulaire de façon à déplacer le dispositif mélangeur sous l'extrémité inférieure de l'élément tubulaire puis on réalise ladite étape de mélange.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the drilling machine further comprises a tubular element having a diameter and a lower end, the mixing device being shaped to be able to be housed in the tubular element when said mixing device is in the retracted position, the diametral span of the mixing device in the deployed position being greater than the diameter of the tubular element, a process in which, during the step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground:
  • the tubular element is introduced into the ground to the first depth in the direction of drilling;
  • the drilling tool is introduced in the retracted position into the tubular element; then, after the step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground:
  • the drilling tool is moved axially in the direction of drilling relative to the tubular element so as to move the mixing device under the lower end of the tubular element, then said mixing step is carried out.

L'élément tubulaire permet notamment de faciliter l'insertion du dispositif mélangeur dans le sol lorsqu'il est en position rétractée. Il permet également de soutenir le terrain et de garantir le premier diamètre de la portion supérieure.The tubular element makes it possible in particular to facilitate the insertion of the mixing device into the ground when it is in the retracted position. It also supports the ground and guarantees the first diameter of the upper portion.

Avantageusement, après l'étape de mélange, on amène le dispositif mélangeur, en position rétractée, dans l'élément tubulaire puis, lors de l'étape d'introduction :

  • on solidarise l'outil de forage avec l'élément tubulaire ;
  • on entraine en rotation l'ensemble constitué de l'outil de forage et de l'élément tubulaire, et on déplace ledit ensemble vers l'extrémité inférieure du bulbe selon la direction de forage de façon à réaliser un forage dans le bulbe;
  • on désolidarise l'outil de forage et l'élément tubulaire ;
  • on retire l'outil de forage en laissant l'élément tubulaire dans le bulbe ;
  • on insère l'armature dans l'élément tubulaire ;
  • on remplit le forage avec du coulis de scellement.
Advantageously, after the mixing step, the mixing device is brought, in the retracted position, into the tubular element then, during the introduction step:
  • the drilling tool is joined to the tubular element;
  • the assembly consisting of the drilling tool and the tubular element is rotated, and said assembly is moved towards the lower end of the bulb in the direction of drilling so as to drill in the bulb;
  • the drilling tool and the tubular element are separated;
  • the drilling tool is removed, leaving the tubular element in the bulb;
  • the reinforcement is inserted into the tubular element;
  • the borehole is filled with grout.

On comprend que l'élément tubulaire sert à la fois de guide pour faciliter l'insertion de l'armature dans le sol, et aussi de conduit d'amenée du coulis dans le forage. L'élément tubulaire permet de remplir le forage avec du coulis de scellement depuis sa partie inférieure, ce qui facilite le remplissage. De préférence, l'armature est un tube ouvert à son extrémité inférieure pour faciliter le remplissage. Il peut également s'agir d'une barre attachée à un flexible ou à un tube à manchettes.It is understood that the tubular element serves both as a guide to facilitate the insertion of the reinforcement into the ground, and also as a conduit for bringing the grout into the borehole. The tubular element makes it possible to fill the borehole with grout from its lower part, which facilitates filling. Preferably, the frame is an open tube at its lower end to facilitate filling. It can also be a bar attached to a hose or a tube with cuffs.

Avantageusement, lors de l'étape d'introduction, on introduit tout d'abord l'élément tubulaire dans le sol, puis on introduit l'outil de forage dans l'élément tubulaire préalablement introduit dans le sol.Advantageously, during the introduction step, the tubular element is first introduced into the ground, then the drilling tool is introduced into the tubular element previously introduced into the soil.

Ou bien, alternativement, lors de l'étape d'introduction, on introduit simultanément dans le sol l'élément tubulaire avec l'outil de forage, le dispositif mélangeur étant préalablement amené en position rétractée et solidarisé avec l'élément tubulaire.Or alternatively, during the introduction step, the tubular element is simultaneously introduced into the ground with the drilling tool, the mixing device being previously brought into the retracted position and secured to the tubular element.

De préférence, on retire l'élément tubulaire à l'issue ou pendant l'étape d'insertion.Preferably, the tubular element is removed at the end or during the insertion step.

Selon une variante, l'étape de remplissage avec du coulis de scellement peut être réalisée pendant le retrait de l'outil de forage.Alternatively, the filling step with sealing grout can be carried out during the withdrawal of the drilling tool.

Selon un mode de mise en œuvre préférentiel, l'outil de forage comporte un corps tubulaire s'étendant selon l'axe longitudinal, le dispositif mélangeur comporte deux ailes déployables qui sont montées pivotantes par rapport au corps tubulaire, et des organes ressorts disposés entre le corps tubulaire et chacune des ailes déployables, les organes ressort tendant à amener le dispositif mélangeur en position déployée par pivotement des ailes déployables.According to a preferred embodiment, the drilling tool comprises a tubular body extending along the longitudinal axis, the mixing device comprises two deployable wings which are pivotally mounted relative to the tubular body, and spring members arranged between the tubular body and each of the deployable wings, the spring members tending to bring the mixing device into the deployed position by pivoting the deployable wings.

Comme outil de forage, on pourra utiliser ceux décrits dans les documents EP 1878833 , EP 2931979 , ES 2402975 , ou bien encore celui décrit dans JP 11222846 .As a drilling tool, those described in the documents can be used EP 1878833 , EP 2931979 , ES 2402975 , or even the one described in JP 11222846 .

Avantageusement, le fluide est injecté sous pression pendant l'étape de mélange. Un intérêt est d'aider à la déstructuration du sol et au mélange du coulis avec le sol. La pression appliquée peut aller de quelques kPa jusqu'aux hautes pressions utilisées en jet-grouting, de l'ordre de 60 MPa ou plus.Advantageously, the fluid is injected under pressure during the mixing step. One advantage is to help with the destructuring of the soil and the mixing of the grout with the soil. The pressure applied can range from a few kPa up to the high pressures used in jet-grouting, of the order of 60 MPa or more.

Selon un autre mode de mise en œuvre de l'invention, à l'issue de l'étape de mélange et avant l'étape d'insertion, on substitue le matériau initial du bulbe constitué du mélange du sol en place avec le fluide par un matériau de scellement. De préférence, le fluide est un fluide de forage, par exemple de l'eau, et le matériau de scellement est un mortier. Cette variante pourra être mise en œuvre de façon avantageuse en présence de sols argileux. De préférence, l'étape de substitution consiste à injecter le matériau de scellement dans le bulbe tout en évacuant le matériau initial du bulbe. Encore de préférence, à l'issue de l'étape de mélange, on poursuit l'injection de fluide pour évacuer le matériau initial, après quoi on injecte le mortier.According to another embodiment of the invention, at the end of the mixing step and before the insertion step, the initial bulb material consisting of the mixture of the soil in place with the fluid is replaced by a sealing material. Preferably, the fluid is a drilling fluid, for example water, and the sealing material is a mortar. This variant can be implemented advantageously in the presence of clay soils. Preferably, the substitution step consists of injecting the sealing material into the bulb while removing the initial material from the bulb. More preferably, at the end of the mixing step, the injection of fluid is continued to evacuate the initial material, after which the mortar is injected.

L'invention porte également sur un procédé de construction d'un tirant d'ancrage précontraint dans un sol bordé par un massif de réaction, mettant en œuvre le procédé de construction d'un ancrage selon l'invention et dans lequel l'étape d'introduction comprend une étape préliminaire de forage du massif de réaction, dans lequel, après obtention de l'ancrage, on dispose une tête de tirant entre le massif de réaction et l'armature, puis on met en tension l'armature.The invention also relates to a method of constructing a prestressed anchor in a ground bordered by a reaction block, implementing the method of constructing an anchor according to the invention and in which the step d 'introduction includes a preliminary step of drilling the reaction block, in which, after obtaining the anchor, a tie head is placed between the reaction block and the frame, then the frame is tensioned.

Le massif de réaction peut être une paroi, un radier, ou toute autre structure à ancrer.The reaction mass can be a wall, a raft, or any other structure to be anchored.

L'invention porte également sur un ancrage dans un sol dans lequel, considéré depuis la surface dudit sol, ledit ancrage s'étend selon une direction longitudinale et comporte successivement une portion supérieure présentant un diamètre, puis au moins un bulbe présentant un diamètre supérieur au diamètre de la portion supérieure, la portion supérieure et le bulbe comportant au moins un premier matériau, et l'ancrage comporte en outre une armature s'étendant selon la direction longitudinale dans la portion supérieure et dans le bulbe.The invention also relates to an anchoring in a ground in which, considered from the surface of said ground, said anchoring extends in a longitudinal direction and successively comprises an upper portion having a diameter, then at least one bulb having a diameter greater than the diameter of the upper portion, the upper portion and the bulb comprising at least one first material, and the anchoring further comprises a frame extending in the longitudinal direction in the upper portion and in the bulb.

Avantageusement, le premier matériau est constitué d'un mélange du sol excavé avec un liant. Les proportions de sol et de liant au sein du premier matériau seront choisies en fonction du type de terrain et de l'objectif de résistance de l'ancrage. Selon une variante, la proportion de sol est inférieure à 10 %.Advantageously, the first material consists of a mixture of the excavated soil with a binder. The proportions of soil and binder within the first material will be chosen according to the type of soil and the strength objective of the anchor. According to a variant, the proportion of soil is less than 10%.

Selon l'invention, l'armature est enrobée d'un deuxième matériau selon un diamètre d'enrobage qui est inférieur au diamètre du bulbe. De préférence, le diamètre d'enrobage est au moins égal au diamètre de la portion supérieure. Le deuxième matériau est avantageusement différent du premier matériau.According to the invention, the frame is coated with a second material according to a coating diameter which is less than the diameter of the bulb. Preferably, the coating diameter is at least equal to the diameter of the upper portion. The second material is advantageously different from the first material.

Encore de préférence, le deuxième matériau forme un enrobage cylindrique s'étendant longitudinalement dans le bulbe et dans la portion supérieure.More preferably, the second material forms a cylindrical coating extending longitudinally in the bulb and in the upper portion.

De façon avantageuse, le deuxième matériau est un coulis de scellement.Advantageously, the second material is a sealing grout.

L'armature de l'ancrage comporte préférentiellement une barre métallique, un tube ou bien au moins un toron.The anchoring frame preferably includes a metal bar, a tube or at least one strand.

L'invention porte enfin sur un tirant d'ancrage comportant un ancrage selon l'invention.The invention finally relates to an anchor tie comprising an anchor according to the invention.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 illustre l'étape d'introduction de l'outil de forage dans le sol selon un premier mode de mise en œuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention ;
  • les figures 2 et 3 illustrent l'étape mélange au cours de laquelle on forme le bulbe ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du sol après retrait de l'outil de forage ;
  • la figure 5 illustre l'étape d'insertion de l'armature dans le bulbe ;
  • la figure 6 illustre l'étape de forage du bulbe d'un deuxième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 7 illustre l'étape de remplissage du forage de la figure 6 avec du coulis ;
  • la figure 8 illustre l'étape d'insertion de l'armature dans le forage rempli avec du coulis de scellement ;
  • la figure 9 illustre l'ancrage obtenu par la mise en œuvre du procédé selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 10 illustre l'étape d'introduction de l'outil de forage dans le sol selon un troisième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé conforme à l'invention, l'outil de forage solidarisé avec un élément tubulaire étant introduits ensemble dans le sol ;
  • la figure 11 illustre l'étape au cours de laquelle l'outil de forage est désolidarisé de l'élément tubulaire ;
  • les figures 12 et 13 illustrent la formation du bulbe par mélange in situ du sol excavé avec un fluide ;
  • la figure 14 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du sol après retrait de l'outil de forage ;
  • les figures 15 et 16 illustrent l'insertion de l'armature dans le bulbe et le retrait de l'élément tubulaire ;
  • la figure 17 illustre l'étape de forage du bulbe d'un quatrième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 18 à 21 illustrent les étapes de remplissage du forage réalisé dans le bulbe avec un coulis, l'étape d'insertion de l'armature dans le forage rempli, et le retrait de l'élément tubulaire ;
  • la figure 22 illustre un cinquième mode de mise en œuvre de l'invention dans lequel l'élément tubulaire est solidarisé avec l'outil de forage pour être déplacé dans le bulbe pendant le forage du bulbe;
  • la figure 23 illustre le retrait de l'outil de forage, l'élément tubulaire restant dans le bulbe ;
  • la figure 24 illustre l'étape d'insertion d'une armature en forme de tube dans l'élément tubulaire ;
  • la figure 25 illustre le remplissage du forage réalisé dans le bulbe en injectant un coulis dans le tube ;
  • la figure 26 illustre le retrait de l'élément tubulaire.
  • la figure 27 illustre un tirant d'ancrage selon la présente invention ; et
  • les figures 28 et 29 sont des vues en coupe transversale de la portion supérieure et du bulbe du tirant de la figure 27 .
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention given by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 illustrates the step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground according to a first embodiment of the method according to the invention;
  • the figures 2 and 3 illustrate the mixing stage during which the bulb is formed;
  • the figure 4 is a longitudinal section view of the ground after removal of the drilling tool;
  • the figure 5 illustrates the step of inserting the armature into the bulb;
  • the figure 6 illustrates the step of drilling the bulb of a second embodiment of the method according to the invention;
  • the figure 7 illustrates the filling stage of drilling the figure 6 with grout;
  • the figure 8 illustrates the step of inserting the reinforcement in the borehole filled with grout;
  • the figure 9 illustrates the anchoring obtained by the implementation of the method according to the second embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 10 illustrates the step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground according to a third embodiment of the method according to the invention, the drilling tool secured to a tubular element being introduced together into the ground;
  • the figure 11 illustrates the step during which the drilling tool is detached from the tubular element;
  • the figures 12 and 13 illustrate the formation of the bulb by in situ mixing of the excavated soil with a fluid;
  • the figure 14 is a longitudinal section view of the ground after removal of the drilling tool;
  • the Figures 15 and 16 illustrate the insertion of the armature into the bulb and the removal of the tubular element;
  • the figure 17 illustrates the step of drilling the bulb of a fourth embodiment of the method according to the invention;
  • the Figures 18 to 21 illustrate the steps of filling the borehole made in the bulb with a grout, the step of inserting the reinforcement in the filled borehole, and removing the tubular element;
  • the figure 22 illustrates a fifth embodiment of the invention in which the tubular element is secured to the drilling tool to be moved in the bulb during drilling of the bulb;
  • the figure 23 illustrates the withdrawal of the drilling tool, the tubular element remaining in the bulb;
  • the figure 24 illustrates the step of inserting a tube-shaped armature into the tubular element;
  • the figure 25 illustrates the filling of the borehole made in the bulb by injecting a grout into the tube;
  • the figure 26 illustrates the removal of the tubular member.
  • the figure 27 illustrates an anchor according to the present invention; and
  • the Figures 28 and 29 are cross-sectional views of the upper portion and the tie rod bulb figure 27 .

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

A l'aide des figures 1 à 5 , on va décrire un premier mode de mise en œuvre du procédé de construction d'un ancrage 100 dans un sol S. Using the Figures 1 to 5 , we will describe a first mode of implementation of the method of building an anchor 100 in soil S.

Pour mettre en œuvre ce procédé, on fournit une machine de forage 10, telle que celle décrite dans EP 1878833 ou EP 2931979 . Cette machine de forage 10, qui n'est pas décrite en détail ici, comporte un outil de forage 12 qui est rotatif autour d'un axe longitudinal A. Les moyens pour entraîner l'outil de forage 12 en rotation sont connus par ailleurs, et ne seront pas décrits ici. L'outil de forage 12 est par ailleurs muni d'un dispositif mélangeur déployable 14 qui présente une position rétractée illustrée en figure 1 , et une position déployée illustrée en figure 2 . To implement this method, a drilling machine 10 is provided, such as that described in EP 1878833 or EP 2931979 . This drilling machine 10, which is not described in detail here, comprises a drilling tool 12 which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis A. The means for driving the drilling tool 12 in rotation are known elsewhere, and will not be described here. The drilling tool 12 is moreover provided with a deployable mixing device 14 which has a retracted position illustrated in figure 1 , and a deployed position illustrated in figure 2 .

L'outil de forage 12 comporte un corps tubulaire 16 s'étendant selon l'axe longitudinal A ; le dispositif mélangeur 14 comporte quant à lui deux ailes déployables 18, 20 qui sont montées pivotantes par rapport au corps tubulaire 16 autour d'un axe de rotation X qui est perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal A. Le dispositif mélangeur comporte en outre des organes ressorts non représentés ici, qui sont disposés entre le corps tubulaire 16 et chacune des ailes déployables 18, 20. De façon connue, les organes ressorts tendent à mener le dispositif mélangeur en position déployée par pivotement des ailes déployables autour de l'axe X. The drilling tool 12 comprises a tubular body 16 extending along the longitudinal axis A ; the mixing device 14 comprises two deployable wings 18, 20 which are pivotally mounted relative to the tubular body 16 about an axis of rotation X which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A. The mixing device further comprises members springs not shown here, which are arranged between the tubular body 16 and each of the deployable wings 18, 20. In known manner, the spring members tend to lead the mixer device in the deployed position by pivoting the deployable wings around the axis X.

En se référant aux figures 1 et 2 , on constate que le dispositif mélangeur 14 présente, dans sa position déployée illustré en figure 2 , une envergure diamétrale T1 qui est supérieure à son envergure diamétrale T2 en position rétractée.Referring to Figures 1 and 2 , it can be seen that the mixing device 14 has, in its deployed position illustrated in figure 2 , a diametral span T1 which is greater than its diametral span T2 in the retracted position.

La machine de forage 10 comporte en outre un dispositif 22 pour injecter un fluide sous pression dans le sol. Dans cet exemple, le fluide est un liant.The drilling machine 10 further comprises a device 22 for injecting a pressurized fluid into the soil. In this example, the fluid is a binder.

Dans cet exemple, l'injection de fluide dans le sol S se fait par l'intermédiaire de buses disposées dans le corps tubulaire 16 de l'outil de forage à proximité des ailes 18, 21. In this example, the injection of fluid into the soil S is done by means of nozzles arranged in the tubular body 16 of the drilling tool near the wings 18, 21.

Conformément au premier mode de mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention, on réalise une étape d'introduction de l'outil de forage dans le sol selon une direction de forage F qui est parallèle à l'axe longitudinal A afin de former une portion supérieure C ayant une hauteur H1, un premier diamètre D1. Comme représenté en figure 2 , la portion supérieure C s'étend depuis la surface du sol jusqu'à une première profondeur P1.In accordance with the first embodiment of the method according to the invention, a step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground is carried out in a drilling direction F which is parallel to the longitudinal axis A in order to forming an upper portion C having a height H 1, a first diameter D1 . As shown in figure 2 , the upper portion C extends from the ground surface to a first depth P1 .

Dans cet exemple, la portion supérieure C présente une forme sensiblement cylindrique ayant pour diamètre D1. En se référant à la figure 1 , on comprend que le dispositif mélangeur est en position rétractée pendant l'étape d'introduction. On précise que l'envergure diamétrale T2 du dispositif mélangeur en position rétractée est sensiblement égale ou légèrement inférieure au diamètre D1.In this example, the upper portion C has a substantially cylindrical shape having the diameter D1 . Referring to the figure 1 , it is understood that the mixing device is in the retracted position during the introduction step. It is specified that the diametrical span T2 of the mixing device in the retracted position is substantially equal to or slightly less than the diameter D1 .

L'outil de forage 12 comporte par ailleurs un organe de coupe 13 qui est disposé à l'extrémité distale du corps tubulaire 16 en-dessous du dispositif mélangeur. Cet organe de coupe 13 est configuré pour effectuer le forage dans le sol S selon la direction de forage. Après que le dispositif mélangeur a atteint une profondeur supérieure à la hauteur H1 de la portion supérieure, on réalise une étape de mélange au cours de laquelle on amène le dispositif mélangeur en position déployée, en déployant les ailes 18, 20. Puis, on entraîne en rotation l'outil de forage avec le dispositif mélangeur 14, en position déployée tout en injectant le liant de façon à réaliser un mélange mécanique in-situ du sol en place avec le liant. Au cours de cette étape de mélange, on déplace axialement l'outil de forage selon la direction de forage F de manière à former un bulbe B dans le sol, en-dessous de la portion supérieure C. The drilling tool 12 also comprises a cutting member 13 which is arranged at the distal end of the tubular body 16 below the mixing device. This cutting member 13 is configured to perform drilling in the soil S according to the direction of drilling. After the mixing device has reached a depth greater than the height H1 of the upper portion, a mixing step is carried out during which the mixing device is brought into the deployed position, by deploying the wings 18, 20. Then, one drives in rotation the drilling tool with the mixing device 14, in the deployed position while injecting the binder so as to carry out an in situ mechanical mixing of the soil in place with the binder. During this mixing step, the drilling tool is moved axially along the drilling direction F so as to form a bulb B in the ground, below the upper portion C.

Comme on le comprend à l'aide des figures 2 et 3 , le bulbe B présente un deuxième diamètre D2 qui est supérieur au premier diamètre D1 de la portion supérieure. Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures 2 et 3 , le bulbe B est réalisé de haut en bas, en effectuant le déploiement des ailes immédiatement en-dessous de la cavité supérieure.As can be understood from the figures 2 and 3 , the bulb B has a second diameter D2 which is greater than the first diameter D1 of the upper portion. In the example illustrated in figures 2 and 3 , the bulb B is produced from top to bottom, by deploying the wings immediately below the upper cavity.

Alternativement, et sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, les ailes pourraient être déployées alors que l'outil de forage a atteint la profondeur correspondant à la profondeur de la partie inférieure du bulbe B. Dans ce cas, le bulbe serait formé de bas en haut en remontant l'outil de forage 12. Alternatively, and without departing from the scope of the present invention, the wings could be deployed when the drilling tool has reached the depth corresponding to the depth of the lower part of the bulb B. In this case, the bulb would be formed from below at the top by raising the drilling tool 12.

De façon préférentielle, le déploiement des ailes est réalisé de manière automatique, de sorte que le bulbe B est réalisé de haut en bas par déplacement longitudinal du dispositif mélangeur en position déployée et injection de fluide.Preferably, the deployment of the wings is carried out automatically, so that the bulb B is produced from top to bottom by longitudinal displacement of the mixing device in the deployed position and injection of fluid.

Sur la figure 4 , on a illustré le sol, en coupe verticale, après retrait de l'outil de forage. On constate que le bulbe B présente une forme cylindrique s'étendant sur une hauteur H2. On comprend que le deuxième diamètre D2 correspond au diamètre maximum du bulbe B. Compte-tenu de la géométrie particulière de l'outil de forage 12, le bulbe B présente, en son extrémité inférieure B1, une extension d'un diamètre inférieur au deuxième diamètre D2. Le bulbe comporte par ailleurs en son extrémité supérieure B2 une forme tronconique réalisant la jonction entre la portion cylindrique de diamètre D2 et la portion supérieure C de diamètre D1. Cette forme tronconique favorise le scellement du bulbe dans le sol.On the figure 4 , the ground has been illustrated, in vertical section, after removal of the drilling tool. We see that bulb B has a cylindrical shape extending over a height H2. It is understood that the second diameter D2 corresponds to the maximum diameter of the bulb B. Taking into account the particular geometry of the drilling tool 12, the bulb B has, at its lower end B1 , an extension of a diameter less than the second diameter D2. The bulb also comprises at its upper end B2 a frustoconical shape making the junction between the cylindrical portion of diameter D2 and the upper portion C of diameter D1 . This frustoconical shape promotes the sealing of the bulb in the ground.

Sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, d'autres formes de bulbe B pourraient être obtenues selon le type d'outil de forage utilisé.Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other forms of bulb B could be obtained depending on the type of drilling tool used.

Conformément à l'invention, on réalise ensuite une étape d'insertion au cours de laquelle on insère une armature 30 dans le bulbe B après avoir retiré l'outil de forage 12 du sol. Dans cet exemple, l'armature 30 est constituée d'une barre métallique qui est insérée selon la direction de forage. Après durcissement mélange sol-liant, on obtient l'ancrage 100 dans le sol s'étendant selon une direction longitudinale Z qui correspond à la direction de forage F. According to the invention, an insertion step is then carried out during which a frame 30 is inserted into the bulb B after having removed the drilling tool 12 from the ground. In this example, the frame 30 consists of a metal bar which is inserted in the direction of drilling. After hardening of the soil-binder mixture, the anchor 100 is obtained in the soil extending in a longitudinal direction Z which corresponds to the direction of drilling F.

A l'aide des figures 6 à 9 , on va maintenant décrire un deuxième mode de mise en œuvre de l'invention.Using the figures 6 to 9 , we will now describe a second embodiment of the invention.

Dans ce deuxième mode de mise en œuvre, l'étape d'introduction de l'outil de forage dans le sol, et l'étape de mélange sont similaires à celles du premier mode de mise en œuvre.In this second mode of implementation, the step of introducing the drilling tool into the ground, and the mixing step are similar to those of the first mode of implementation.

Aussi, le deuxième mode de mise en œuvre se distingue du premier mode de mise en œuvre, par le fait que, après l'étape de mélange, on retire l'outil de forage hors du sol puis, lors de l'étape d'insertion : on réalise un forage K dans le bulbe B selon la direction de forage F avant durcissement du mélange sol-liant.Also, the second mode of implementation is distinguished from the first mode of implementation, by the fact that, after the mixing step, the drilling tool is removed from the ground and then, during the step of insertion: drilling K is carried out in the bulb B in the drilling direction F before hardening of the soil-binder mixture.

Le forage K présente un troisième diamètre D3 qui est inférieur au deuxième diamètre D2 du bulbe B. Le forage K est réalisé à l'aide d'un dispositif de forage 40 de forme tubulaire dont l'extrémité inférieure est ouverte et porte un moyen de coupe 42. Comme illustré en figure 7 , après avoir réalisé le forage K, ce dernier est rempli avec du coulis de scellement. Dans cet exemple, le remplissage avec du coulis se fait par injection à travers le dispositif de forage 40, tout en remontant le dispositif de forage.The borehole K has a third diameter D3 which is less than the second diameter D2 of the bulb B. The borehole K is carried out using a drilling device 40 of tubular shape whose lower end is open and carries a means of section 42. As illustrated in figure 7 , after having drilled K, the latter is filled with grout. In this example, the filling with grout is done by injection through the drilling device 40, while raising the drilling device.

Puis, après le remplissage, on insère l'armature 30 dans le forage K, tel qu'illustré en figure 8 . Alternativement, et sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, l'armature 30 pourrait être insérée dans le forage K avant l'étape de remplissage avec du coulis. Dans cet exemple, le coulis de scellement est du coulis de ciment présentant un ratio ciment sur eau C/E de l'ordre de 2.Then, after filling, the reinforcement 30 is inserted into the borehole K, as illustrated in figure 8 . Alternatively, and without departing from the scope of the present invention, the reinforcement 30 could be inserted into the borehole K before the step of filling with grout. In this example, the grout is cement grout having a C / E cement to water ratio of the order of 2.

Sur la figure 9 , on a illustré l'ancrage 110 obtenu par la mise en œuvre du procédé selon le deuxième mode de mise en œuvre de l'invention.On the figure 9 , the anchor 110 obtained by the implementation of the method according to the second embodiment of the invention has been illustrated.

Le coulis est choisi de façon que le frottement entre l'armature et le coulis est important, de l'ordre de 1 MPa. Il est également choisi de façon que le frottement entre le coulis et la mixture résultant du mélange du sol avec le liant est plus important que le frottement entre ladite mixture et le sol entourant l'ancrage.The grout is chosen so that the friction between the reinforcement and the grout is high, of the order of 1 MPa. It is also chosen so that the friction between the grout and the mixture resulting from the mixing of the soil with the binder is greater than the friction between said mixture and the soil surrounding the anchoring.

Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures 6 à 9 , le troisième diamètre D3 est également inférieur au premier diamètre D1. Sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, le troisième diamètre D3 pourrait être égal ou légèrement supérieur au premier diamètre D1 de la portion supérieure, de façon à remplacer le matériau constitutif de la portion supérieure, à savoir la mixture précitée, par du coulis de scellement. Cette variante est notamment illustrée en figure 22 qui sera décrite plus en détail ci-après.In the example illustrated in figures 6 to 9 , the third diameter D3 is also less than the first diameter D1 . Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the third diameter D3 could be equal to or slightly greater than the first diameter D1 of the upper portion, so as to replace the material constituting the upper portion, namely the above-mentioned mixture, with grout of sealing. This variant is particularly illustrated in figure 22 which will be described in more detail below.

Sur les figures 10 à 15 , on a illustré un troisième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention. Le troisième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé se distingue du premier mode de mise en œuvre décrit ci-dessus par le fait que la machine de forage comporte en outre un élément tubulaire 50 qui présente un diamètre D et une extrémité inférieure 50a, ainsi qu'une longueur L. Comme on le comprend à l'aide de la figure 10 , le dispositif mélangeur est conformé pour être logé dans l'élément tubulaire 50 lorsque le dispositif mélangeur est en position rétractée. En référence aux figures 10 et 12 , on comprend que l'envergure diamétrale T1 du dispositif mélangeur en position déployée est supérieure au diamètre D de l'élément tubulaire 50. On comprend également que l'envergure diamétrale T2 du dispositif mélangeur en position rétractée est inférieure au diamètre D de l'élément tubulaire 50. On the figures 10 to 15 , a third embodiment of the method according to the invention has been illustrated. The third mode of implementation of the method differs from the first mode of implementation described above by the fact that the drilling machine further comprises a tubular element 50 which has a diameter D and a lower end 50a, as well as 'a length L. As can be understood using the figure 10 , the mixing device is shaped to be housed in the tubular element 50 when the mixing device is in the retracted position. With reference to figures 10 and 12 , it is understood that the diametrical span T1 of the mixer device in the deployed position is greater than the diameter D of the tubular element 50. It is also understood that the diametral span T2 of the mixer device in the retracted position is less than the diameter D of the tubular element 50.

Dans le troisième mode de mise en œuvre, on introduit l'élément tubulaire 50 dans le sol selon la direction de forage F en ayant préalablement disposé l'outil de forage en position rétractée dans l'élément tubulaire 50. Pour ce faire, on solidarise l'outil de forage 12 avec l'élément tubulaire 50 et on introduit l'ensemble constitué de l'élément tubulaire solidarisé avec l'outil de forage dans le sol selon la direction de forage, comme illustré en figure 10 . In the third embodiment, the tubular element 50 is introduced into the ground in the direction of drilling F , having previously arranged the drilling tool in the retracted position in the tubular element 50. To do this, it is secured the drilling tool 12 with the tubular element 50 and the assembly consisting of the tubular element secured to the drilling tool is introduced into the ground along the direction of drilling, as illustrated in figure 10 .

Comme illustré aux figures 11 à 13 , après introduction dudit ensemble, on désolidarise l'outil de forage de l'élément tubulaire et on descend ensuite axialement l'outil de forage 12 selon la direction de forage F par rapport à l'élément tubulaire 50. De cette façon, on déplace le dispositif mélangeur 16 sous l'extrémité inférieure 50a de l'élément tubulaire 50, après quoi on réalise l'étape de mélange in-situ du sol excavé avec le liant.As illustrated in figures 11 to 13 , after introduction of said assembly, the drilling tool is detached from the tubular element and then descended axially the drilling tool 12 in the direction of drilling F with respect to the tubular element 50. In this way, the mixing device 16 is moved under the lower end 50a of the tubular element 50, after which the step of in-situ mixing of the excavated soil with the binder.

En se référant à la figure 14 , on constate que l'élément tubulaire 50 entoure et délimite la portion supérieure C qui est disposée au-dessus du bulbe B. Après retrait de l'outil de forage 12, on introduit l'armature 30 dans le bulbe selon la direction de forage F, après quoi on retire l'élément tubulaire 50. Referring to the figure 14 , it can be seen that the tubular element 50 surrounds and delimits the upper portion C which is arranged above the bulb B. After removal of the drilling tool 12, the reinforcement 30 is introduced into the bulb in the direction of drilling F, after which the tubular element 50 is removed .

Sur les figures 17 à 21 , on a illustré un quatrième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention, qui diffère du troisième mode de mise en œuvre par le fait que, après retrait de l'outil de forage 12 hors du sol S, puis, lors de l'étape d'insertion : on réalise un forage K dans la portion supérieure C et dans le bulbe B selon la direction de forage F et selon un troisième diamètre D3 inférieur au deuxième diamètre D2. On remplit ensuite le forage avec le coulis de scellement avant d'insérer l'armature 30 dans le forage K. Puis, on retire l'élément tubulaire hors du sol.On the Figures 17 to 21 , a fourth mode of implementation of the method according to the invention has been illustrated, which differs from the third mode of implementation in that, after removing the drilling tool 12 from the ground S, then, during the insertion step: drilling K is carried out in the upper portion C and in the bulb B in the direction of drilling F and according to a third diameter D3 smaller than the second diameter D2. The borehole is then filled with the grout before inserting the reinforcement 30 into the borehole K. Then, the tubular element is removed from the ground.

A l'aide des figures 22 à 26 , on va maintenant décrire un cinquième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention. Ce mode de mise en œuvre diffère du troisième mode de mise en œuvre par le fait que, après l'étape de mélange, on amène le dispositif mélangeur, en position rétractée, dans l'élément tubulaire 50 puis, lors de l'étape d'introduction, on solidarise l'outil de forage 12 avec l'élément tubulaire 50, et on entraîne en rotation l'ensemble constitué de l'outil de forage 12 et de l'élément tubulaire 50, et on déplace ledit ensemble vers l'extrémité inférieure B1 du bulbe B. Ce déplacement est opéré selon la direction de forage F de façon à réaliser un forage K' dans le bulbe B, étant rappelé que le bulbe B est à ce moment constitué d'une mixture fraiche résultant du mélange du sol excavé avec le liant.Using the figures 22 to 26 , a fifth mode of implementation of the method according to the invention will now be described. This mode of implementation differs from the third mode of implementation in that, after the mixing step, the mixing device is brought, in the retracted position, into the tubular element 50 then, during step d introduction, the drilling tool 12 is secured to the tubular element 50, and the assembly consisting of the drilling tool 12 and the tubular element 50 is rotated , and said assembly is moved towards the lower end B1 of the bulb B. This displacement is effected in the direction of drilling F so as to carry out a drilling K ' in the bulb B, it being recalled that the bulb B is at this moment made up of a fresh mixture resulting from the mixing of the soil excavated with the binder.

Après réalisation du forage K', on désolidarise l'outil de forage 12 et l'élément tubulaire 50, après quoi on retire l'outil de forage hors du sol tout en laissant l'élément tubulaire 50 dans le bulbe B, comme cela est illustré en figure 23 . After drilling K ′, the drilling tool 12 and the tubular element 50 are separated , after which the drilling tool is removed from the ground while leaving the tubular element 50 in the bulb B, as is illustrated in figure 23 .

Ensuite, on insère l'armature 30' dans l'élément tubulaire 50. Dans cet exemple, l'armature 30' est constituée d'un tube ouvert en son extrémité inférieure 30'a et en son extrémité supérieure 30'b. Then, the frame 30 ' is inserted into the tubular element 50. In this example, the frame 30' consists of a tube open at its lower end 30'a and at its upper end 30'b.

Après introduction de l'armature 30' dans l'élément tubulaire 50, on remplit l'élément tubulaire 50 avec du coulis de scellement de façon à remplir le forage K'. Ce remplissage est effectué en injectant le coulis de scellement par l'extrémité supérieure 30'b de l'armature 30' de façon à refouler le coulis depuis l'extrémité inférieure de l'armature. Après remplissage du forage K' avec le coulis de scellement, on retire l'élément tubulaire 50 du sol de façon à obtenir l'ancrage.After introduction of the armature 30 'in the tubular element 50, filling the tubular element 50 with the sealing slurry to fill the drill K'. This filling is carried out by injecting the sealing grout through the upper end 30'b of the frame 30 ' so as to discharge the grout from the lower end of the frame. After filling the hole K ' with the grout, the tubular element 50 is removed from the ground so as to obtain the anchoring.

L'armature 30' pourrait également être une barre ou un toron associée à un dispositif d'injection tel qu'un tube à manchette ou plus simplement un flexible. Sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, le remplissage pourrait également être réalisé au cours de l'étape illustrée en figure 23 . The frame 30 ' could also be a bar or a strand associated with an injection device such as a cuff tube or more simply a hose. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the filling could also be carried out during the step illustrated in figure 23 .

Sur la figure 27 , on a illustré un tirant d'ancrage 300 comportant un ancrage 200 réalisé à l'aide du deuxième, quatrième ou cinquième mode de mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention.On the figure 27 , an anchor rod 300 is illustrated comprising an anchor 200 produced using the second, fourth or fifth embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Ce tirant d'ancrage 300 est solidarisé à un massif de réaction 310 et qui borde le sol. Dans cet exemple non limitatif, le massif de réaction 310 est une paroi verticale en béton.This anchor 300 is secured to a reaction mass 310 and which borders the ground. In this nonlimiting example, the reaction mass 310 is a vertical concrete wall.

Pour réaliser le tirant d'ancrage 300, l'étape d'introduction précitée comprend une étape préliminaire de forage du massif de réaction 310. Ce forage est réalisé selon une direction de forage qui est inclinée par rapport à la direction verticale de sorte que l'axe longitudinal Z du tirant d'ancrage est incliné par rapport à la verticale.To make the anchor 300, the aforementioned introduction step comprises a preliminary step of drilling the reaction mass 310. This drilling is carried out in a drilling direction which is inclined relative to the vertical direction so that the 'longitudinal axis Z of the anchor is inclined relative to the vertical.

On réalise ensuite l'ancrage 200 en mettant en œuvre le procédé selon l'invention. L'ancrage 200, considéré depuis la surface, comporte successivement une portion supérieure G puis au moins un bulbe B qui présente un diamètre D2 supérieur au diamètre D3 de la portion supérieure P. La portion supérieure G s'étend selon une hauteur H1 tandis que le bulbe s'étend sur une hauteur H2. On précise que la portion supérieure G est destinée à former la partie libre du tirant d'ancrage, tandis que le bulbe B forme la partie scellée du tirant d'ancrage 300. Dans la partie libre, on réduit sensiblement le frottement par un dispositif 203, telle qu'une gaine graissée, ou une armature enduite d'un revêtement non adhérent.Anchoring 200 is then carried out by implementing the method according to the invention. The anchor 200, considered from the surface, successively comprises an upper portion G then at least one bulb B which has a diameter D2 greater than the diameter D3 of the upper portion P. The upper portion G extends at a height H1 while the bulb extends over a height H2. It is specified that the upper portion G is intended to form the free part of the anchor tie, while the bulb B forms the sealed part of the anchor tie 300. In the free part, friction is reduced significantly by a device 203 , such as a greased sheath, or a frame coated with a non-stick coating.

En référence aux figures 27 à 29 , on constate par ailleurs que la portion supérieure G forme la partie supérieure d'un noyau cylindrique constitué de coulis de scellement qui s'étend longitudinalement dans le bulbe B. A l'aide de la figure 29 , on comprend que le bulbe B est constitué d'une couche annulaire de mixture constituée d'un mélange sol-liant entourant le noyau cylindrique de coulis.With reference to figures 27 to 29 , it can also be seen that the upper portion G forms the upper part of a cylindrical core consisting of grout which extends longitudinally in the bulb B. With the aid of the figure 29 , it is understood that the bulb B consists of an annular layer of mixture consisting of a soil-binder mixture surrounding the cylindrical core of grout.

L'ancrage 200 comporte par ailleurs une armature 30, en l'espèce une barre métallique de diamètre D4, qui s'étend selon la direction longitudinale Z dans la portion supérieure G et dans le bulbe B. The anchor 200 also comprises a frame 30, in this case a metal bar of diameter D4, which extends in the longitudinal direction Z in the upper portion G and in the bulb B.

Par ailleurs, on comprend que le noyau cylindrique de coulis enrobe l'armature 30 sur plus des deux-tiers de sa longueur. On comprend donc que le bulbe B est constitué d'un premier matériau résultant du mélange du sol excavé avec le liant et d'un deuxième matériau, en l'espèce le coulis de scellement, qui entoure l'armature 30, le premier matériau enrobant le deuxième matériau.Furthermore, it is understood that the cylindrical grout core coats the reinforcement 30 over more than two-thirds of its length. It is therefore understood that the bulb B is made of a first material resulting from the mixture of the excavated soil with the binder and of a second material, in this case the sealing grout, which surrounds the frame 30, the first coating material. the second material.

A titre d'exemple, le diamètre D2 du bulbe B est égal à 600 mm, tandis que le coefficient de frottement entre le premier matériau et le sol est de 80 kPa.For example, the diameter D2 of the bulb B is equal to 600 mm, while the coefficient of friction between the first material and the ground is 80 kPa.

Le diamètre du noyau cylindrique s'étendant à l'intérieur du bulbe B qui est constitué du deuxième matériau présente un diamètre D3 égal à 150 mm, et un coefficient de frottement entre le premier et le deuxième matériau de l'ordre de 320 kPa.The diameter of the cylindrical core extending inside the bulb B which is made of the second material has a diameter D3 equal to 150 mm, and a coefficient of friction between the first and the second material of the order of 320 kPa.

Enfin, le diamètre de l'armature 30 est de 50 mm, et le coefficient de frottement entre l'armature et le deuxième matériau est de l'ordre de 960 kPa.Finally, the diameter of the armature 30 is 50 mm, and the coefficient of friction between the armature and the second material is of the order of 960 kPa.

Après construction de l'ancrage 200, on monte une tête de tirant 320 à l'extrémité supérieure de la portion supérieure G, cette tête de tirant étant fixée au massif de réaction et à l'armature 30. Après avoir placé la tête de tirant 320, on met en tension l'armature 30 de façon à pré-contraindre le tirant d'ancrage 300. After construction of the anchor 200, a tie-rod head 320 is mounted at the upper end of the upper portion G, this tie-rod head being fixed to the reaction frame and to the frame 30. After placing the tie-rod head 320, the armature 30 is tensioned so as to pre-stress the anchor tie 300.

Claims (19)

  1. A method of constructing a ground anchor, wherein:
    - there are provided tendon and a boring machine (10) that comprises:
    - a boring tool (12) that is rotatable about a longitudinal axis (A), the boring tool being provided with a deployable mixer device that presents a retracted position and a deployed position, the mixer device (14) in the deployed positioned presenting a diametral span (T1) that is greater than its diametral span (T2) in a retracted position; and
    - a device (22) for injecting at least one fluid into the ground;
    the method comprising:
    - performing an introduction step for introducing the boring tool into the ground along a boring axis (F) parallel to the longitudinal axis (A) so as to form a top portion (C1) having a first diameter (D1), a first height (H1), and extending to a first depth (PI), the mixer device being in the retracted position during the introduction step; then
    - performing a mixing step during which the mixer device is taken to the deployed position and the boring tool is driven in rotation with the mixer device (14) in the deployed position while moving the boring tool axially along the boring axis and while injecting the fluid so as to perform mechanical in-situ mixing of the ground in place with the fluid, thereby forming a bulb (B) in the ground under the top portion (C1), which bulb has a second diameter (D2) that is greater than the first diameter (D1); characterized in that:
    - making a borehole (K, K') in the bulb (B) along the boring axis (F) and having a third diameter (D3) less than the second diameter (D2); characterized in that:
    - filling the borehole with a bonding grout; and
    - performing an insertion step during which the tendon is inserted in the bulb, the tendon being inserted into the borehole (K, K') before or after filling the borehole with the bonding grout, whereby a ground anchor (E1) is obtained.
  2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said tendon (30) is constituted by a boring device used for making the borehole (K) in the bulb.
  3. A method according to any one of preceding claims, wherein the boring machine further comprises a tubular element having a diameter (D) and a bottom end (50a), the mixer device being shaped to be received inside the tubular element (50) when the mixer device is in the retracted position, the diametral span (H) of the mixer device in the deployed position being greater than the diameter (D) of the tubular element (50), the method comprising, during the step of introducing the boring tool into the ground:
    - introducing the tubular element (50) into the ground to the first depth along the boring axis (F);
    - introducing the boring tool in the retracted position into the tubular element; then
    - after the step of introducing the boring tool into the ground, moving the boring tool axially along the boring axis relative to the tubular element (50) so as to move the mixer device (16) under the bottom end (50a) of the tubular element (50) and then performing said mixing step.
  4. A method according to claim 3, wherein, after the mixing step, the mixer device in the retracted position is put into the tubular element (50), and then during the introduction step:
    - the boring tool (12) is secured to the tubular element (50);
    - the assembly constituted by the boring tool (12) and the tubular element (50) is driven in rotation and said assembly is moved towards the bottom end (B1) of the bulb (B) along the boring axis (F) so as to make a borehole (K') in the bulb;
    - the boring tool (4) is separated from the tubular element (50);
    - the boring tool is withdrawn while leaving the tubular element (50) in the bulb (B);
    - the tendon (301) is inserted into the tubular element (50); and
    - the borehole is filled with the bonding grout.
  5. A method according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein, during the introduction step, the tubular element (50) is introduced initially into the ground, and then the boring tool (12) is introduced into the tubular element that has previously been introduced into the ground.
  6. A method according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein, during the introduction step, the tubular element (50) together with the boring tool are introduced simultaneously into the ground, the mixer device being previously put in its retracted position and secured to the tubular element.
  7. A method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the tubular element is withdrawn at the end of or during the insertion step.
  8. A method according to any one of preceding claims, wherein the fluid is a binder.
  9. A method according to any one of preceding claims, wherein the boring tool has a tubular body (16) extending along the longitudinal axis (A), and wherein the mixer device has two deployable wings (18, 20) that are mounted to pivot relative to the tubular body.
  10. A method according to claim 9, wherein the mixer device further comprises spring members arranged between the tubular body and each of the deployable wings, the spring members tending to bring the mixer device into the deployed position by pivoting the deployable wings.
  11. A method according to any one of preceding claims, wherein the fluid is injected under pressure during the mixing step.
  12. A method according to any one of preceding claims, wherein, at the end of the mixing step and before the insertion step, the initial material of the bulb constituted by the mixture of the ground in place with the fluid is replaced by a bonding material.
  13. A method of constructing a prestressed anchoring tie-rod (300) in ground (S) beside a reaction mass (310), including performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the introduction step includes a preliminary step of making a borehole in the reaction mass (310) in which, after obtaining the anchor (300), a tie-rod head (320) is placed between the reaction mass (310) and the tendon (30), and then the tendon (30) is put under tension.
  14. A ground anchor (200), wherein, when considered from the surface of said ground, said anchor extends along a longitudinal axis (Z) and comprises in succession a top portion (P), followed by at least one bulb (B) presenting a diameter greater than the diameter of the top portion (P), the top portion and the bulb comprising at least a first material, wherein the anchor also comprises a tendon (30) extending along the longitudinal axis (Z) in the top portion (P) and in the bulb (B), characterized in that the tendon is covered in a second material over a covering diameter (D3) that is less than the diameter (D2) of the bulb (3).
  15. A ground anchor according to claim 14, wherein the first material is constituted by a mixture of the excavated ground with a binder.
  16. An anchor according to claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the second material forms a cylindrical covering extending longitudinally in the bulb (3) and in the top portion (P).
  17. An anchor according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the second material is a bonding grout.
  18. An anchor according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the tendon (30) comprises a metal bar, a tube, or at least one strand.
  19. An anchoring tie-rod (300) comprising an anchor (200) according to any one of claims 14 to 18.
EP17709135.2A 2016-02-10 2017-02-09 Method for producing an anchoring tie rod and anchoring tie rod Active EP3414399B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1651052A FR3047496B1 (en) 2016-02-10 2016-02-10 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ANCHOR TIE AND ANCHORING TIE
PCT/FR2017/050297 WO2017137702A1 (en) 2016-02-10 2017-02-09 Method for producing an anchoring tie rod and anchoring tie rod

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3414399A1 EP3414399A1 (en) 2018-12-19
EP3414399B1 true EP3414399B1 (en) 2020-04-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17709135.2A Active EP3414399B1 (en) 2016-02-10 2017-02-09 Method for producing an anchoring tie rod and anchoring tie rod

Country Status (11)

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US (1) US10907317B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3414399B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2017218639B2 (en)
CO (1) CO2018008388A2 (en)
ES (1) ES2803373T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3047496B1 (en)
HK (1) HK1258669A1 (en)
MX (1) MX2018009642A (en)
NZ (1) NZ744763A (en)
SG (1) SG11201806391UA (en)
WO (1) WO2017137702A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110499766B (en) * 2019-08-30 2022-03-11 郑州安源工程技术有限公司 Thin type grooving lifting synchronous grouting device and using method thereof
CN114150664B (en) * 2021-11-15 2023-04-07 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心 Rapid construction device and method for prestressed basalt fiber anchor rod

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US4411557A (en) * 1977-03-31 1983-10-25 Booth Weldon S Method of making a high-capacity earthbound structural reference
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US5348424A (en) * 1992-02-07 1994-09-20 Railway Technical Research Institute Reinforcing block for excavation work and method of construction thereof
JP3218433B2 (en) 1998-02-10 2001-10-15 株式会社利根 Expandable ground improvement device
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WO2018030805A1 (en) * 2016-08-10 2018-02-15 한국건설기술연구원 Wave-shaped grouting bulb of micropile and method for forming same

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Publication number Publication date
SG11201806391UA (en) 2018-08-30
NZ744763A (en) 2021-07-30
EP3414399A1 (en) 2018-12-19
AU2017218639A1 (en) 2018-08-16
ES2803373T3 (en) 2021-01-26
MX2018009642A (en) 2019-05-06
FR3047496A1 (en) 2017-08-11
AU2017218639B2 (en) 2020-05-07
WO2017137702A1 (en) 2017-08-17
US20190048550A1 (en) 2019-02-14
CO2018008388A2 (en) 2018-08-21
FR3047496B1 (en) 2019-07-05
US10907317B2 (en) 2021-02-02
HK1258669A1 (en) 2019-11-15

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