EP3205775A1 - Drilling tool and method of drilling - Google Patents

Drilling tool and method of drilling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3205775A1
EP3205775A1 EP17155661.6A EP17155661A EP3205775A1 EP 3205775 A1 EP3205775 A1 EP 3205775A1 EP 17155661 A EP17155661 A EP 17155661A EP 3205775 A1 EP3205775 A1 EP 3205775A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
borehole
closure device
tubular wall
cap
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17155661.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3205775B1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane Binon
Pascal BOULADE
Christophe Guillon
Basile LECONTE
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Publication of EP3205775A1 publication Critical patent/EP3205775A1/en
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Publication of EP3205775B1 publication Critical patent/EP3205775B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/66—Mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/22—Placing by screwing down

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the realization of foundations in construction works, and more specifically to a method of producing a foundation element, and to a method and a device for closing a borehole for use in the construction of such a foundation element.
  • micropiles In the field of building and public works, among the different types of foundations, foundations are called micropiles.
  • a micropile is a pile with a diameter of less than 300 mm, and therefore with a small section compared to its length, and whose friction with the surrounding ground provides a substantially greater contribution to the anchoring of the pile than the peak effect corresponding to the prop of the foundation on the ground.
  • the micropile when the micropile is injected, its implementation comprises two distinct stages of introduction of cement slurry into a borehole: a first step in which a first cement slurry is poured to form a sheath around a reinforcement in the borehole, and a second pressure injection step in which a second cement slurry is pressurized deep into the bore so as to penetrate radially through the sheath into the surrounding soil to ensure a good anchoring in the soil .
  • the purpose of the sheath is the closure of the bore in its longitudinal axis to prevent the grout injected then under pressure can not splash on the surface. Accordingly, prior to the pressure injection step, the first slurry is typically allowed to hold for several hours to close the borehole.
  • the first grout and the second grout can have substantially the same composition, with typically a ratio by weight of two parts of cement per part of water.
  • the present invention aims to remedy this disadvantage. More specifically, this disclosure aims at providing a drilling closure device that makes it possible to reduce the time required to produce a foundation element by eliminating the waiting time between the casting of a first grout and the injection of a grout. a second grout under pressure in the borehole.
  • the closure device comprises a tubular wall, a helical blade and a cap, the tubular wall being axisymmetric about a central axis, and extending, along said central axis, from an upper end to an open lower end, the helical blade projecting radially from an outer face of the tubular wall, and the cap closing the upper end of the tubular wall, said cap comprising at least one fluid supply connection for the injection of pressure grout under the cap and a mechanical coupling member adapted to drive the closure device in rotation around said central axis.
  • the helical blade serves not only to facilitate the insertion of the closure device into the ground by rotation around its central axis and then to ensure its anchoring in the ground, then its removal by rotation in opposite directions, but also, during the injection of grout under pressure, helps to avoid the rise of grout through the surrounding soil.
  • an effective obturation of the surface drilling is obtained, making it possible to proceed with the injection of cement grout under pressure without having to wait for the taking of a first sheath-like grout, which simplifies and makes faster the realization of foundation elements.
  • the tubular wall may in particular be cylindrical to facilitate insertion into a bore of substantially equal or slightly greater diameter.
  • the tubular wall may have a outer diameter growing towards its upper end, so as to contribute to the compaction of the ground by radial displacement of the soil during the depression of the closure device in the ground.
  • the mechanical coupling member may also be able to drive said closure device in the direction of said central axis.
  • the depression of the closure device in the ground, and / or its subsequent extraction may be assisted by an axial force exerted through the mechanical coupling member.
  • the number of helical blades is not limited to one.
  • the closure device may also comprise at least one additional helical blade projecting radially from the outer face of the tubular wall.
  • the cap may comprise at least one fluid supply connection and a fluid discharge opening, and further comprising, under the cap a first cavity, in fluid communication with said supply connection, and a second cavity, separated from the first cavity and in fluid communication with said fluid discharge opening.
  • a first grout may be introduced into the borehole through the feed connection and the first cavity, while the fluid present in the borehole and displaced by this slurry will be discharged through the fluid discharge opening.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a method of sealing a borehole in a field, wherein the closure device is placed on an upper end of the borehole and rotated in a first direction around the central axis in such a manner the helical blade cuts into the ground around the borehole, thereby driving the plugging device into the ground around the borehole.
  • a maximum outside diameter of the tubular wall of the closure device may be equal to or less than an internal diameter of the borehole, so as to facilitate the insertion of the shutter device.
  • an outside diameter of the lower end of the tubular wall of the closure device may be equal to or less than an inside diameter of the borehole, but a maximum outside diameter of the tubular wall of the closure device may be greater than the inside diameter of the borehole, and the outer face of the tubular wall thus exerts a radial pressure on the ground during the driving of the closure device into the ground, so as to compact the ground around the borehole, which is favorable to the good sealing of the drilling.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a method for producing a foundation element, comprising at least one step of closing a hole in a ground according to the aforementioned method, a step of injection into the borehole, through the connection of a supply, a pressure cement grout, and a step of removing the closure device, after the injection step, by rotating the shutter device in the opposite direction to said first direction of rotation.
  • the production method may also comprise, before the step of closing the borehole, a step of installing a reinforcement in the borehole.
  • the production method can also include, before the step of injecting a cement grout under pressure, a casting step of a first grout of cement in the drilling.
  • This casting step of a first grout of cement in the borehole can in particular be carried out after the step of installing the reinforcement, although the alternative is also conceivable.
  • it may include a conduit, and the first cement slurry may be poured into the borehole through said conduit.
  • this conduit may for example comprise at least one valve.
  • the frame may in particular be tubular, so that its interior forms the conduit.
  • the reinforcement in order to prevent the return of the grout in the conduit, may comprise at least one radial passage between said conduit and an outer surface of the armature, and an elastic sleeve preventing fluid passage, through said radial passageway, from the outside to said conduit, while permitting fluid passage, through said radial passage, in the opposite way.
  • the casting step of a first cement slurry in the borehole can be carried out before the step of closing the borehole.
  • this first grout could simply be poured by gravity into the bore before, during or after the installation of the frame.
  • the reinforcement comprises a conduit
  • casting step of a first cement grout in the borehole is performed after the step of closing the borehole, through a first cavity, under the cap of the shutter device, connecting the supply fitting of the closure device to the conduit in the armature, while a rising fluid escapes from the borehole through a second cavity, separated from the first cavity under the device cap; obturating and connecting the borehole to a fluid discharge opening in the cap of the closure device.
  • the drilling can be closed immediately after or even during the installation of the frame, further reducing the time between the casting of the first grout of cement, and the injection of cement grout under pressure.
  • the reinforcement can in particular be self-drilling and the drilling thus be carried out simultaneously with the installation of the reinforcement.
  • the reinforcement may be coated with a non-stick coating over part of its length before it is installed in the borehole, so as to restrict the adhesion of the cement after setting to a single segment of the reinforcement, for example to its segment on deeper.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a closure device 1 according to a first embodiment, together with a tubular reinforcement 10.
  • the shutter device 1 illustrated comprises a tubular wall 2, two helical blades 6a, 6b and a cap 3.
  • the tubular wall 2 is axisymmetric around a central axis Z and extends, along this central axis Z, an upper end 2a closed by the cap 3 at a lower end 2b open.
  • the cap 3 comprises a fluid supply connection 4 for the injection of pressure grout under the cap 3 and a mechanical coupling member 5 adapted to drive the closure device 1 in rotation about said central axis Z, and axially in the direction of the central axis Z.
  • this mechanical coupling member 5 has a polygonal section bore for the transmission of torque, and transverse orifices for the insertion of an anchor (not shown) for the transmission of forces in the direction of the central axis Z.
  • this mechanical coupling member can take alternate forms as per example that of a tapping.
  • a first helical blade 6a extends over substantially the entire height of the tubular wall 2, from its lower end 2b to its upper end 2a.
  • the additional helical blade 6b which is interposed between the turns of the first helical blade 6a and has the same thread, extends only over a lower part of the height of the tubular wall 2 from its lower end 2b .
  • the tubular wall 2 is cylindrical and therefore has substantially the same outside diameter over its entire height, so as to facilitate its insertion into a bore of inner diameter substantially equal to or slightly greater than the outside diameter of this tubular wall. 2.
  • this tubular wall 2 may have a growing outer diameter towards its upper end 2a, thus forming a discharge auger with an outside diameter d2 of the lower end 2b of the tubular wall 2 less than a maximum outside diameter d1 of the tubular wall 2.
  • this closure device 1 ' will be used for drilling with an inner diameter substantially equal to or slightly greater than the outer diameter d2 of the lower end 2b of the tubular wall 2 but less than the maximum outside diameter d1 of the wall tubular 2, the outer face of the tubular wall 2 may exert a radial pressure on the ground during the depression of the closure device 1 'in the field, possibly serving to consolidate the terrain around the borehole.
  • the rest of the elements of this shutter device 1 ' are similar to those of the shutter device 1 according to the first embodiment and therefore receive the same reference numerals.
  • the shutter devices 1,1 ' can in particular be disposed on the upper end of a tubular reinforcement 10 in a borehole, in particular concentrically with it.
  • the illustrated frame 10 is a tubular frame defining a conduit 12 therein, other forms of reinforcement having one or more conduits for grouting cement can be considered.
  • the conduit 12 of the tubular reinforcement 10 may have at least one valve 13.
  • the tubular reinforcement 10 may comprise at least one radial passage 14 between the conduit 12 and an outer surface of the armature 10, and at least one elastic sleeve 15 preventing the passage of fluid, through said radial passage 14, from the outside to the conduit 12, while permitting the passage of fluid, through said radial passage 14, in the opposite direction, as illustrated in FIG. figure 3B .
  • the fluid supply connection 4 of each of the closure devices 1, 1 ' can be arranged to be put in direct communication with this conduit 12 when the closure device 1.1' is put in place.
  • the closure device 1 in a method of producing a foundation element, particularly of the so-called "micropile” type, can be described by referring to the Figures 4 to 9 .
  • the drilling is carried out in the ground 20.
  • a self-reinforcing armature 10 actuated by a drilling machine 100 on the surface, so as to combine the drilling with the installation 30 of the armature 10 in the borehole 30, as shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • this frame can be coated, on an upper segment, with a non-stick coating, for example bituminous, so that the adhesion of a cement slurry around the frame 10 is limited to the segments of the non-adhesive reinforcement. coated with this anti-stick coating.
  • a non-stick coating for example bituminous
  • a first grout of cement is poured into the bore 30 so as to fill the borehole 30 around the frame 10, as illustrated in FIG. the figure 5 .
  • the drilling 30 and the installation of the armature 10 in the borehole 30 are not combined using a self-reinforcing armature 10, it is also conceivable to carry out this casting before the introduction of the armature 10 into the drilling 30, rather than after.
  • the closure device 1, held by the drilling machine 100 can be placed on the borehole 30, as shown in FIG. figure 6 .
  • the outer diameter of the tubular wall 2 of this closure device 1 is substantially equal to or slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the bore 30, so that the tubular wall 2 can be received in the borehole 30.
  • the outside diameter of the tubular wall 2 may be 269.50 mm.
  • the helical blades 6a, 6b may project from, for example, 50 mm to on the outer surface of the tubular wall 2.
  • the closure device 1 With the drilling machine 100, the closure device 1 can be placed on the ground 20 and actuated in rotation through the mechanical coupling member 5 as illustrated in FIG. figure 7 , so as to drive it into the borehole 30, with the helical blades 6a, 6b thus intersecting in the ground 20 so as to impinge the closure device 1 downwards. This can be further assisted by a vertical force transmitted to the closure device 1 by the drilling machine 100 through the mechanical coupling member 5.
  • the fluid supply connection 4 can be connected to a cement grout pump in order to proceed immediately. injecting a second grout of cement under pressure into the borehole 30, injection intended to penetrate cement grout into the ground 20 surrounding the borehole 30 at depth, as illustrated in FIG. figure 8 , so as to ensure a good anchoring the resulting foundation element in this ground.
  • This injection can be maintained continuously or intermittently for a predetermined period, until the flow rate of cement slurry injected under a predetermined pressure falls below a predetermined threshold, or until the pressure reaches a predetermined predetermined maximum threshold, or until a volume of grout injected has reached a predetermined maximum threshold.
  • the first cement slurry and the second cement slurry may have substantially the same composition, with a cement-water ratio of, for example, 2, i.e., two parts cement (by weight) for each part of water.
  • This rotation can also be assisted by a vertical force exerted by the drilling machine 100 in the withdrawal direction.
  • the foundation element thus obtained can still be the subject of other operations, such as in particular a shaving operation or cutting the frame to the desired height.
  • the armature could have been positioned and maintained at the desired height during the setting time, so as to avoid such a subsequent cut.
  • the same embodiment can be carried out with the shutter device 1 'according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 2 , with the only difference that, when it is driven in, this other shutter device will push the ground radially outwards, thus exerting a radial pressure that can serve to compact the terrain around the borehole.
  • the sheath slurry must be poured into the bore before it is closed by the closure device, since this sheath must move the fluid previously present in the borehole, in particular the drilling fluid that may have been used during the drilling step.
  • a shutter device 1 "according to a third embodiment, illustrated in FIG. figure 10 the cap 3 has, apart from the supply connection 4, an opening 8 for discharging fluid, and an annular wall 11 divides the volume under the cap 3 into a first cavity 9a, in fluid communication with the supply connection 4, and a second cavity 9b, separated from the first cavity 9a by the annular wall 11 and in fluid communication with the opening 8 of fluid evacuation.
  • the other elements of this shutter device 1 are similar to those of the first two embodiments and therefore receive the same reference numerals.Through the opening 8 for the discharge of fluid, it is possible to seal the borehole 30 with this 1 "shutter device directly after the completion of the drilling 30 and implementation of the armature 10, as shown in the figure 10 .
  • the drilling 30 and the setting up of the armature 10 may have been combined in a single operation with a self-reinforcing armature 10, as illustrated in FIG. figure 4 , or alternatively have been performed as two distinct and successive steps.
  • the shutter device 1 is placed on the ground 20 and actuated in rotation through the mechanical coupling member, so as to drive it into the borehole 30, with the helical blades 6a, 6b thus cutting into the ground 20 so as to pulse the shutter device 1 "downwards.
  • This can be further assisted by a vertical force transmitted to the shutter device 1 "by the drilling machine 100 through the mechanical coupling member 5.
  • the supply connection 4 can be connected with fluid to a grout feed conduit for casting a first grout of cement into the bore 30 through the feed connection 4, the first cavity 9a under the cap 3 and the conduit 12 of the armature 10, as illustrated in FIG. figure 12 .
  • This first grout then displacing the drilling fluid from the borehole 30, this drilling fluid rises and is evacuated through the second cavity 9b and the fluid discharge opening 8.
  • this opening 8 fluid discharge is connected to an exhaust duct, it is also conceivable that it opens directly to the outside during this evacuation.
  • the foundation element thus obtained can still be the subject of other operations, such as in particular a shaving operation at the desired height.
  • the composition of the two cement slurries may in fact be identical.
  • the grout can have a cement / water ratio of 2.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") de forage comprenant au moins une paroi tubulaire (2), une lame hélicoïdale (6a) et une coiffe (3). La paroi tubulaire (2) est axisymétrique autour d'un axe central (Z) et s'étend, suivant ledit axe central (Z), d'une extrémité supérieure (2a) fermée par la coiffe (3) à une extrémité inférieure (2b) ouverte. La lame hélicoïdale (6a) est en saillie radiale par rapport à une face extérieure de la paroi tubulaire (2) et la coiffe (3) comporte au moins un raccord (4) d'alimentation en fluide pour l'injection de coulis sous pression sous la coiffe (3) et un organe de couplage mécanique (5) apte à l'entraînement du dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") en rotation autour dudit axe central (Z).The invention relates to a drilling device (1, 1 ', 1 ") comprising at least one tubular wall (2), a helical blade (6a) and a cap (3). axisymmetric around a central axis (Z) and extends along said central axis (Z), an upper end (2a) closed by the cap (3) at an open lower end (2b). (6a) is projecting radially from an outer face of the tubular wall (2) and the cap (3) has at least one fluid supply connection (4) for the injection of pressure grout under the cap (3) and a mechanical coupling member (5) adapted to drive the closing device (1,1 ', 1 ") in rotation about said central axis (Z).

Description

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La présente invention concerne la réalisation de fondations dans des travaux de construction, et plus spécifiquement un procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation, ainsi qu'un procédé et un dispositif d'obturation d'un forage destinés à être utilisés dans la réalisation d'un tel élément de fondation.The present invention relates to the realization of foundations in construction works, and more specifically to a method of producing a foundation element, and to a method and a device for closing a borehole for use in the construction of such a foundation element.

Dans le domaine du bâtiment et des travaux publics, on compte, parmi les différents types de fondations, les fondations dites à micropieux. Un micropieu est un pieu de diamètre inférieur à 300 mm, donc à faible section par rapport à sa longueur, et dont le frottement avec le sol environnant offre une contribution sensiblement plus importante à l'ancrage du pieu que l'effet de pointe correspondant à l'appui vertical de la fondation sur le sol.In the field of building and public works, among the different types of foundations, foundations are called micropiles. A micropile is a pile with a diameter of less than 300 mm, and therefore with a small section compared to its length, and whose friction with the surrounding ground provides a substantially greater contribution to the anchoring of the pile than the peak effect corresponding to the prop of the foundation on the ground.

Typiquement, lorsque le micropieu est injecté, sa réalisation comporte deux étapes distinctes d'introduction de coulis de ciment dans un forage : une première étape dans laquelle un premier coulis de ciment est coulé pour former une gaine autour d'une armature dans le forage, et une deuxième étape d'injection à pression dans laquelle un deuxième coulis de ciment est injecté sous pression en profondeur dans le forage de manière à pénétrer radialement, à travers la gaine, dans le sol environnant afin d'assurer un bon ancrage dans le sol. L'objet de la gaine est l'obturation du forage dans son axe longitudinal pour éviter que le coulis injecté ensuite sous pression ne puisse rejaillir en surface. En conséquence, avant l'étape d'injection sous pression, on laisse typiquement prendre le premier coulis pendant plusieurs heures pour qu'il obture le forage. Cette période d'attente rend la réalisation des micropieux plus lente et laborieuse. En outre, sa durée doit être précisément contrôlée, puisqu'une attente trop longue pourrait résulter en une prise excessive de la gaine, ne permettant plus sa traversée radiale par le coulis injecté ensuite sous pression, tandis qu'une attente trop courte pourrait résulter en une prise insuffisante de la gaine, permettant des fuites de coulis vers la surface. Le premier coulis et le deuxième coulis peuvent avoir sensiblement la même composition, avec typiquement un rapport en poids de deux parts de ciment par part d'eau.Typically, when the micropile is injected, its implementation comprises two distinct stages of introduction of cement slurry into a borehole: a first step in which a first cement slurry is poured to form a sheath around a reinforcement in the borehole, and a second pressure injection step in which a second cement slurry is pressurized deep into the bore so as to penetrate radially through the sheath into the surrounding soil to ensure a good anchoring in the soil . The purpose of the sheath is the closure of the bore in its longitudinal axis to prevent the grout injected then under pressure can not splash on the surface. Accordingly, prior to the pressure injection step, the first slurry is typically allowed to hold for several hours to close the borehole. This waiting period makes the realization of micropiles slower and laborious. In addition, its duration must be precisely controlled, since a too long waiting could result in excessive intake of the sheath, no longer allowing its radial passage through the grout then injected under pressure, while a short waiting could result in insufficient grip of the sheath, allowing grout leakage to the surface. The first grout and the second grout can have substantially the same composition, with typically a ratio by weight of two parts of cement per part of water.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionObject and summary of the invention

La présente invention vise à remédier à cet inconvénient. Plus spécifiquement, cette divulgation vise à proposer un dispositif d'obturation de forage qui permette de réduire le temps de réalisation d'un élément de fondation en supprimant le temps d'attente entre la coulée d'un premier coulis et l'injection d'un deuxième coulis sous pression dans le forage.The present invention aims to remedy this disadvantage. More specifically, this disclosure aims at providing a drilling closure device that makes it possible to reduce the time required to produce a foundation element by eliminating the waiting time between the casting of a first grout and the injection of a grout. a second grout under pressure in the borehole.

Dans au moins un mode de réalisation, ce but est atteint grâce au fait que le dispositif d'obturation comprend une paroi tubulaire, une lame hélicoïdale et une coiffe, la paroi tubulaire étant axisymétrique autour d'un axe central, et s'étendant, suivant ledit axe central, d'une extrémité supérieure à une extrémité inférieure ouverte, la lame hélicoïdale étant en saillie radiale par rapport à une face extérieure de la paroi tubulaire, et la coiffe fermant l'extrémité supérieure de la paroi tubulaire, ladite coiffe comportant au moins un raccord d'alimentation en fluide pour l'injection de coulis sous pression sous la coiffe et un organe de couplage mécanique apte à l'entraînement du dispositif d'obturation en rotation autour dudit axe central.In at least one embodiment, this object is achieved by the fact that the closure device comprises a tubular wall, a helical blade and a cap, the tubular wall being axisymmetric about a central axis, and extending, along said central axis, from an upper end to an open lower end, the helical blade projecting radially from an outer face of the tubular wall, and the cap closing the upper end of the tubular wall, said cap comprising at least one fluid supply connection for the injection of pressure grout under the cap and a mechanical coupling member adapted to drive the closure device in rotation around said central axis.

La lame hélicoïdale sert non seulement à faciliter l'enfoncement du dispositif d'obturation dans le sol par rotation autour de son axe central et à assurer ensuite son ancrage dans le sol, puis son retrait par rotation en sens opposé, mais aussi, pendant l'injection de coulis sous pression, aide à éviter la remontée de coulis à travers le sol environnant. Ainsi, grâce à ces dispositions, on obtient une obturation effective du forage en surface, permettant de procéder à l'injection de coulis de ciment sous pression sans devoir attendre la prise d'un premier coulis formant gaine, ce qui simplifie et rend plus rapide la réalisation d'éléments de fondation.The helical blade serves not only to facilitate the insertion of the closure device into the ground by rotation around its central axis and then to ensure its anchoring in the ground, then its removal by rotation in opposite directions, but also, during the injection of grout under pressure, helps to avoid the rise of grout through the surrounding soil. Thus, thanks to these provisions, an effective obturation of the surface drilling is obtained, making it possible to proceed with the injection of cement grout under pressure without having to wait for the taking of a first sheath-like grout, which simplifies and makes faster the realization of foundation elements.

La paroi tubulaire peut notamment être cylindrique pour faciliter son insertion dans un forage de diamètre sensiblement égal ou légèrement supérieur. Alternativement, toutefois, la paroi tubulaire peut présenter un diamètre extérieur grandissant vers son extrémité supérieure, de manière à contribuer au compactage du terrain par déplacement radial du sol pendant l'enfoncement du dispositif d'obturation dans le sol.The tubular wall may in particular be cylindrical to facilitate insertion into a bore of substantially equal or slightly greater diameter. Alternatively, however, the tubular wall may have a outer diameter growing towards its upper end, so as to contribute to the compaction of the ground by radial displacement of the soil during the depression of the closure device in the ground.

L'organe de couplage mécanique peut aussi être apte à l'entraînement dudit dispositif d'obturation suivant la direction dudit axe central. Ainsi, l'enfoncement du dispositif d'obturation dans le sol, et/ou son extraction subséquente pourront être assistés par une force axiale exercée à travers l'organe de couplage mécanique.The mechanical coupling member may also be able to drive said closure device in the direction of said central axis. Thus, the depression of the closure device in the ground, and / or its subsequent extraction may be assisted by an axial force exerted through the mechanical coupling member.

Le nombre de lames hélicoïdales n'est pas limité à une seule. Ainsi, par exemple, le dispositif d'obturation peut aussi comporter au moins une lame hélicoïdale supplémentaire en saillie radiale par rapport à la face extérieure de la paroi tubulaire.The number of helical blades is not limited to one. Thus, for example, the closure device may also comprise at least one additional helical blade projecting radially from the outer face of the tubular wall.

Afin de permettre la mise en place du dispositif d'obturation avant même une première coulée de coulis, la coiffe peut comporter au moins un raccord d'alimentation en fluide et une ouverture d'évacuation de fluide, et comportant en outre, sous la coiffe, une première cavité, en communication fluide avec ledit raccord d'alimentation, et une deuxième cavité, séparée de la première cavité et en communication fluide avec ladite ouverture d'évacuation de fluide. Ainsi, un premier coulis pourra être introduit dans le forage à travers le raccord d'alimentation et la première cavité, tandis que le fluide présent dans le forage et déplacé par ce coulis sera évacué à travers l'ouverture d'évacuation de fluide.In order to allow the closure device to be put in place even before a first pouring of grout, the cap may comprise at least one fluid supply connection and a fluid discharge opening, and further comprising, under the cap a first cavity, in fluid communication with said supply connection, and a second cavity, separated from the first cavity and in fluid communication with said fluid discharge opening. Thus, a first grout may be introduced into the borehole through the feed connection and the first cavity, while the fluid present in the borehole and displaced by this slurry will be discharged through the fluid discharge opening.

La présente divulgation concerne aussi un procédé d'obturation d'un forage dans un terrain, dans lequel le dispositif d'obturation est placé sur une extrémité supérieure du forage et mis en rotation dans un premier sens autour de l'axe central de telle manière que la lame hélicoïdale coupe dans le terrain autour du forage, enfonçant ainsi le dispositif d'obturation dans le terrain autour du forage.The present disclosure also relates to a method of sealing a borehole in a field, wherein the closure device is placed on an upper end of the borehole and rotated in a first direction around the central axis in such a manner the helical blade cuts into the ground around the borehole, thereby driving the plugging device into the ground around the borehole.

Selon une première alternative, un diamètre extérieur maximal de la paroi tubulaire du dispositif d'obturation peut être égal ou inférieur à un diamètre intérieur du forage, de manière à faciliter l'enfoncement du dispositif d'obturation. Toutefois, selon une deuxième alternative, un diamètre extérieur de l'extrémité inférieure de la paroi tubulaire du dispositif d'obturation peut être égal ou inférieur à un diamètre intérieur du forage, mais un diamètre extérieur maximal de la paroi tubulaire du dispositif d'obturation peut être supérieur au diamètre intérieur du forage, et la face extérieure de la paroi tubulaire exerce ainsi une pression radiale sur le terrain lors de l'enfoncement du dispositif d'obturation dans le terrain, de manière à compacter le terrain autour du forage, ce qui est favorable à la bonne obturation du forage.According to a first alternative, a maximum outside diameter of the tubular wall of the closure device may be equal to or less than an internal diameter of the borehole, so as to facilitate the insertion of the shutter device. However, according to a second alternative, an outside diameter of the lower end of the tubular wall of the closure device may be equal to or less than an inside diameter of the borehole, but a maximum outside diameter of the tubular wall of the closure device may be greater than the inside diameter of the borehole, and the outer face of the tubular wall thus exerts a radial pressure on the ground during the driving of the closure device into the ground, so as to compact the ground around the borehole, which is favorable to the good sealing of the drilling.

La présente divulgation concerne également un procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation, comportant au moins une étape d'obturation d'un forage dans un terrain suivant le procédé susmentionné, une étape d'injection dans le forage, à travers le raccord d'alimentation, d'un coulis de ciment sous pression, et une étape de retrait du dispositif d'obturation, après l'étape d'injection, par rotation du dispositif d'obturation en sens opposé audit premier sens de rotation.The present disclosure also relates to a method for producing a foundation element, comprising at least one step of closing a hole in a ground according to the aforementioned method, a step of injection into the borehole, through the connection of a supply, a pressure cement grout, and a step of removing the closure device, after the injection step, by rotating the shutter device in the opposite direction to said first direction of rotation.

Afin de renforcer l'élément de fondation, le procédé de réalisation peut aussi comporter, avant l'étape d'obturation du forage, une étape d'installation d'une armature dans le forage.In order to strengthen the foundation element, the production method may also comprise, before the step of closing the borehole, a step of installing a reinforcement in the borehole.

Dans ce cas, afin de former une gaine de coulis autour de cette armature, le procédé de réalisation peut comprendre aussi, avant l'étape d'injection d'un coulis de ciment sous pression, une étape de coulée d'un premier coulis de ciment dans le forage. Cette étape de coulée d'un premier coulis de ciment dans le forage peut notamment être effectuée après l'étape d'installation de l'armature, quoique l'alternative soit également envisageable. Pour couler le premier coulis de ciment après l'installation de l'armature dans le forage, celle-ci peut comprendre un conduit, et le premier coulis de ciment peut être coulé dans le forage à travers ledit conduit. Afin d'éviter le retour du coulis dans le conduit, ce conduit peut par exemple comprendre au moins un clapet. Par ailleurs, l'armature peut notamment être tubulaire, de manière à ce que son intérieur forme ce conduit. Dans ce cas, afin d'éviter le retour du coulis dans le conduit, l'armature peut comporter au moins un passage radial entre ledit conduit et une surface externe de l'armature, et une manchette élastique empêchant le passage de fluide, à travers ledit passage radial, de l'extérieur vers ledit conduit, tout en permettant le passage de fluide, à travers ledit passage radial, en sens opposé.In this case, in order to form a sheath of grout around this frame, the production method can also include, before the step of injecting a cement grout under pressure, a casting step of a first grout of cement in the drilling. This casting step of a first grout of cement in the borehole can in particular be carried out after the step of installing the reinforcement, although the alternative is also conceivable. To pour the first cement slurry after installation of the reinforcement in the borehole, it may include a conduit, and the first cement slurry may be poured into the borehole through said conduit. To prevent the return of the grout in the conduit, this conduit may for example comprise at least one valve. Furthermore, the frame may in particular be tubular, so that its interior forms the conduit. In this case, in order to prevent the return of the grout in the conduit, the reinforcement may comprise at least one radial passage between said conduit and an outer surface of the armature, and an elastic sleeve preventing fluid passage, through said radial passageway, from the outside to said conduit, while permitting fluid passage, through said radial passage, in the opposite way.

Selon une première alternative, l'étape de coulée d'un premier coulis de ciment dans le forage peut être effectuée avant l'étape d'obturation du forage. Ainsi, ce premier coulis pourrait simplement être versé par gravité dans le forage, avant, pendant ou après l'installation de l'armature.According to a first alternative, the casting step of a first cement slurry in the borehole can be carried out before the step of closing the borehole. Thus, this first grout could simply be poured by gravity into the bore before, during or after the installation of the frame.

Toutefois, selon une deuxième alternative, si l'armature comprend un conduit, étape de coulée d'un premier coulis de ciment dans le forage est effectuée après l'étape d'obturation du forage, à travers une première cavité, sous la coiffe du dispositif d'obturation, reliant le raccord d'alimentation du dispositif d'obturation au conduit dans l'armature, pendant qu'un fluide remontant échappe du forage à travers une deuxième cavité, séparée de la première cavité sous la coiffe du dispositif d'obturation et reliant le forage à une ouverture d'évacuation de fluide dans la coiffe du dispositif d'obturation. Ainsi, le forage peut être obturé immédiatement après ou même pendant l'installation de l'armature, réduisant encore plus le temps entre la coulée du premier coulis de ciment, et l'injection du coulis de ciment sous pression.However, according to a second alternative, if the reinforcement comprises a conduit, casting step of a first cement grout in the borehole is performed after the step of closing the borehole, through a first cavity, under the cap of the shutter device, connecting the supply fitting of the closure device to the conduit in the armature, while a rising fluid escapes from the borehole through a second cavity, separated from the first cavity under the device cap; obturating and connecting the borehole to a fluid discharge opening in the cap of the closure device. Thus, the drilling can be closed immediately after or even during the installation of the frame, further reducing the time between the casting of the first grout of cement, and the injection of cement grout under pressure.

Afin de réduire encore plus le nombre d'opérations distinctes, l'armature peut notamment être autoforante et le forage être ainsi réalisé simultanément à l'installation de l'armature.In order to further reduce the number of distinct operations, the reinforcement can in particular be self-drilling and the drilling thus be carried out simultaneously with the installation of the reinforcement.

L'armature peut être enduite d'un revêtement antiadhésif sur une partie de sa longueur avant son installation dans le forage, de manière à restreindre l'adhésion du ciment après prise à un seul segment de l'armature, par exemple à son segment le plus profond.The reinforcement may be coated with a non-stick coating over part of its length before it is installed in the borehole, so as to restrict the adhesion of the cement after setting to a single segment of the reinforcement, for example to its segment on deeper.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention sera bien comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux, à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, de modes de réalisation représentés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. La description se réfère aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif d'obturation suivant un premier mode de réalisation, situé sur l'extrémité supérieure d'une armature tubulaire ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif d'obturation suivant un deuxième mode de réalisation, illustré de manière analogue au premier mode de réalisation sur l'extrémité supérieure d'une armature tubulaire ;
  • les figures 3A et 3B illustrent des exemples d'armature tubulaire avec, respectivement, des clapets et des manchettes anti-retour ;
  • les figures 4 à 9 illustrent des étapes successives d'un procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation utilisant le dispositif d'obturation de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 10 illustre un dispositif d'obturation suivant un troisième mode de réalisation ; et
  • les figures 11 à 13 illustrent des étapes successives d'un procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation utilisant un dispositif d'obturation suivant un troisième mode de réalisation.
The invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear better, on reading the detailed description which follows, of embodiments represented as non-limiting examples. The description refers to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of a closure device according to a first embodiment, located on the upper end of a tubular frame;
  • the figure 2 is a schematic view of a closure device according to a second embodiment, illustrated in a similar manner to the first embodiment on the upper end of a tubular reinforcement;
  • the Figures 3A and 3B illustrate examples of tubular reinforcement with, respectively, valves and anti-return cuffs;
  • the Figures 4 to 9 illustrate successive steps of a method of producing a foundation element using the shutter device of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 10 illustrates a shutter device according to a third embodiment; and
  • the Figures 11 to 13 illustrate successive steps of a method of producing a foundation element using a closure device according to a third embodiment.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

La figure 1 illustre un dispositif d'obturation 1 suivant un premier mode de réalisation, ensemble avec une armature tubulaire 10. Le dispositif d'obturation 1 illustré comprend une paroi tubulaire 2, deux lames hélicoïdales 6a,6b et une coiffe 3. La paroi tubulaire 2 est axisymétrique autour d'un axe central Z et s'étend, suivant cet axe central Z, d'une extrémité supérieure 2a fermée par la coiffe 3 à une extrémité inférieure 2b ouverte.The figure 1 illustrates a closure device 1 according to a first embodiment, together with a tubular reinforcement 10. The shutter device 1 illustrated comprises a tubular wall 2, two helical blades 6a, 6b and a cap 3. The tubular wall 2 is axisymmetric around a central axis Z and extends, along this central axis Z, an upper end 2a closed by the cap 3 at a lower end 2b open.

La coiffe 3 comporte un raccord 4 d'alimentation en fluide pour l'injection de coulis sous pression sous la coiffe 3 et un organe de couplage mécanique 5 apte à l'entraînement du dispositif d'obturation 1 en rotation autour dudit axe central Z, ainsi qu'axialement suivant la direction de l'axe central Z. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, cet organe de couplage mécanique 5 présente un alésage à section polygonale pour la transmission de couple, et des orifices transversaux pour l'insertion d'une cheville (non illustrée) pour la transmission d'efforts dans le sens de l'axe central Z. Toutefois cet organe de couplage mécanique peut prendre des formes alternatives comme par exemple celle d'un taraudage.The cap 3 comprises a fluid supply connection 4 for the injection of pressure grout under the cap 3 and a mechanical coupling member 5 adapted to drive the closure device 1 in rotation about said central axis Z, and axially in the direction of the central axis Z. In the illustrated embodiment, this mechanical coupling member 5 has a polygonal section bore for the transmission of torque, and transverse orifices for the insertion of an anchor (not shown) for the transmission of forces in the direction of the central axis Z. However, this mechanical coupling member can take alternate forms as per example that of a tapping.

Parmi les deux lames hélicoïdales 6a,6b, une première lame hélicoïdale 6a s'étend sur pratiquement toute la hauteur de la paroi tubulaire 2, à partir de son extrémité inférieure 2b jusqu'à son extrémité supérieure 2a. La lame hélicoïdale supplémentaire 6b, qui est intercalée entre les spires de la première lame hélicoïdale 6a et présente le même pas de vis, ne s'étend que sur une partie inférieure de la hauteur de la paroi tubulaire 2 à partir de son extrémité inférieure 2b.Of the two helical blades 6a, 6b, a first helical blade 6a extends over substantially the entire height of the tubular wall 2, from its lower end 2b to its upper end 2a. The additional helical blade 6b, which is interposed between the turns of the first helical blade 6a and has the same thread, extends only over a lower part of the height of the tubular wall 2 from its lower end 2b .

Dans ce premier mode de réalisation, la paroi tubulaire 2 est cylindrique et présente donc sensiblement le même diamètre extérieur sur toute sa hauteur, de manière à faciliter son insertion dans un forage de diamètre intérieur sensiblement égal ou légèrement supérieur au diamètre extérieur de cette paroi tubulaire 2. Toutefois, dans un mode de réalisation alternatif, illustré sur la figure 2, cette paroi tubulaire 2 peut présenter un diamètre extérieur grandissant vers son extrémité supérieure 2a, formant ainsi une tarière à refoulement avec un diamètre extérieur d2 de l'extrémité inférieure 2b de la paroi tubulaire 2 inférieur à un diamètre extérieur maximal d1 de la paroi tubulaire 2. Ainsi, lorsque ce dispositif d'obturation 1' sera utilisé pour un forage à diamètre intérieur sensiblement égal ou légèrement supérieur au diamètre extérieur d2 de l'extrémité inférieure 2b de la paroi tubulaire 2 mais inférieur au diamètre extérieur maximal d1 de la paroi tubulaire 2, la face extérieure de la paroi tubulaire 2 pourra exercer une pression radiale sur le terrain lors de l'enfoncement du dispositif d'obturation 1' dans le terrain, servant éventuellement à consolider le terrain autour du forage. Le reste des éléments de ce dispositif d'obturation 1' sont analogues à ceux du dispositif d'obturation 1 suivant le premier mode de réalisation et reçoivent donc les mêmes chiffres de référence.In this first embodiment, the tubular wall 2 is cylindrical and therefore has substantially the same outside diameter over its entire height, so as to facilitate its insertion into a bore of inner diameter substantially equal to or slightly greater than the outside diameter of this tubular wall. 2. However, in an alternative embodiment, illustrated on the figure 2 this tubular wall 2 may have a growing outer diameter towards its upper end 2a, thus forming a discharge auger with an outside diameter d2 of the lower end 2b of the tubular wall 2 less than a maximum outside diameter d1 of the tubular wall 2. Thus, when this closure device 1 'will be used for drilling with an inner diameter substantially equal to or slightly greater than the outer diameter d2 of the lower end 2b of the tubular wall 2 but less than the maximum outside diameter d1 of the wall tubular 2, the outer face of the tubular wall 2 may exert a radial pressure on the ground during the depression of the closure device 1 'in the field, possibly serving to consolidate the terrain around the borehole. The rest of the elements of this shutter device 1 'are similar to those of the shutter device 1 according to the first embodiment and therefore receive the same reference numerals.

Comme illustré sur les figures 1 et 2, dans un mode de réalisation comme dans l'autre, les dispositifs d'obturation 1,1' peuvent notamment être disposés sur l'extrémité supérieure d'une armature tubulaire 10 dans un forage, notamment de manière concentrique avec celle-ci. En outre, bien que l'armature 10 illustrée soit une armature tubulaire définissant un conduit 12 à l'intérieur, d'autres formes d'armature présentant un ou plusieurs conduits pour l'injection de coulis de ciment peuvent être envisagées. Comme illustré sur la figure 3A, pour éviter le retour de coulis, le conduit 12 de l'armature tubulaire 10 peut présenter au moins un clapet 13. Alternativement ou en complément à ce clapet, l'armature tubulaire 10 peut comporter au moins un passage radial 14 entre le conduit 12 et une surface externe de l'armature 10, et au moins une manchette élastique 15 empêchant le passage de fluide, à travers ledit passage radial 14, de l'extérieur vers le conduit 12, tout en permettant le passage de fluide, à travers ledit passage radial 14, en sens opposé, comme illustré sur la figure 3B. Le raccord 4 d'alimentation en fluide de chacun des dispositifs d'obturation 1, 1' peut être disposé de manière à être mis directement en communication avec ce conduit 12 quand le dispositif d'obturation 1,1' est mis en place.As illustrated on figures 1 and 2 , in one embodiment as in the other, the shutter devices 1,1 'can in particular be disposed on the upper end of a tubular reinforcement 10 in a borehole, in particular concentrically with it. In addition, although the illustrated frame 10 is a tubular frame defining a conduit 12 therein, other forms of reinforcement having one or more conduits for grouting cement can be considered. As illustrated on the figure 3A to prevent the return of grout, the conduit 12 of the tubular reinforcement 10 may have at least one valve 13. Alternatively or in addition to this valve, the tubular reinforcement 10 may comprise at least one radial passage 14 between the conduit 12 and an outer surface of the armature 10, and at least one elastic sleeve 15 preventing the passage of fluid, through said radial passage 14, from the outside to the conduit 12, while permitting the passage of fluid, through said radial passage 14, in the opposite direction, as illustrated in FIG. figure 3B . The fluid supply connection 4 of each of the closure devices 1, 1 'can be arranged to be put in direct communication with this conduit 12 when the closure device 1.1' is put in place.

L'utilisation du dispositif d'obturation 1 dans un procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation, notamment du type dit « micropieu », peut être décrite en référant aux figures 4 à 9. Dans une première étape de ce procédé de réalisation, on effectue le forage 30 dans le terrain 20. En utilisant une armature 10 autoforante, actionnée par une machine de forage 100 en surface, de manière à combiner la réalisation du forage 30 avec l'installation de l'armature 10 dans le forage 30, comme illustré sur la figure 4. Toutefois, il est également envisageable d'effectuer d'abord le forage 30 avec des moyens de forage conventionnels, pour ensuite y installer l'armature 10, qui pourrait alors ne pas être autoforante. Par ailleurs, cette armature peut être enduite, sur un segment supérieur, d'un revêtement antiadhérent, par exemple bitumineux, pour que l'adhérence d'un coulis de ciment autour de l'armature 10 soit limitée aux segments de l'armature non enduits de ce revêtement antiadhérent.The use of the closure device 1 in a method of producing a foundation element, particularly of the so-called "micropile" type, can be described by referring to the Figures 4 to 9 . In a first step of this embodiment, the drilling is carried out in the ground 20. Using a self-reinforcing armature 10, actuated by a drilling machine 100 on the surface, so as to combine the drilling with the installation 30 of the armature 10 in the borehole 30, as shown in FIG. figure 4 . However, it is also conceivable to first drill 30 with conventional drilling means, and then install the armature 10, which could then not be self-drilling. Furthermore, this frame can be coated, on an upper segment, with a non-stick coating, for example bituminous, so that the adhesion of a cement slurry around the frame 10 is limited to the segments of the non-adhesive reinforcement. coated with this anti-stick coating.

Ensuite, on coule dans le forage 30 un premier coulis de ciment, de manière à remplir le forage 30 autour de l'armature 10, comme illustré sur la figure 5. Quand la réalisation du forage 30 et l'installation de l'armature 10 dans le forage 30 ne sont pas combinées en utilisant une armature 10 autoforante, il est également envisageable d'effectuer cette coulée avant l'introduction de l'armature 10 dans le forage 30, plutôt qu'après. Dans les deux cas, immédiatement après l'installation de l'armature 10 dans le forage 30 et cette coulée, on peut placer le dispositif d'obturation 1, tenu par la machine de forage 100, sur le forage 30, comme illustré sur la figure 6. Le diamètre extérieur de la paroi tubulaire 2 de ce dispositif d'obturation 1 est sensiblement égal ou légèrement inférieur au diamètre intérieur du forage 30, de manière à ce que la paroi tubulaire 2 puisse être reçue dans le forage 30. Ainsi, par exemple, pour un forage 30 avec un diamètre intérieur d'environ 270 mm, le diamètre extérieur de la paroi tubulaire 2 peut être de 269,50 mm. Par contre le diamètre extérieur des lames hélicoïdales 6a, 6b est sensiblement supérieur au diamètre intérieur du forage 30, de manière à ce que ces lames hélicoïdales 6a, 6b puissent couper dans le terrain 20 et retenir ensuite le dispositif d'obturation 1 contre une pression d'injection de coulis. Ainsi, par exemple, pour les dimensions susmentionnées, afin d'assurer l'ancrage du dispositif d'obturation 1 dans un terrain d'alluvions anciennes, les lames hélicoïdales 6a, 6b peuvent être en saillie de, par exemple, 50 mm par rapport à la surface externe de la paroi tubulaire 2. Avec la machine de forage 100, le dispositif d'obturation 1 peut être posé sur le terrain 20 et actionné en rotation à travers l'organe de couplage mécanique 5 comme illustré sur la figure 7, de manière à l'enfoncer dans le forage 30, avec les lames hélicoïdales 6a, 6b coupant donc dans le terrain 20 de manière à impulser le dispositif d'obturation 1 vers le bas. Ceci peut encore être assisté par une force verticale transmise au dispositif d'obturation 1 par la machine de forage 100 à travers l'organe de couplage mécanique 5. Une fois que le dispositif d'obturation 1 a été enfoncé dans le forage 30 jusqu'à une profondeur prédéterminée de manière à obturer le forage 30 tout en maintenant la coiffe 3 au-dessus de la surface du terrain 20, on peut connecter le raccord 4 d'alimentation en fluide à une pompe de coulis de ciment afin d'immédiatement procéder à l'injection d'un deuxième coulis de ciment sous pression dans le forage 30, injection destinée à faire pénétrer de coulis de ciment dans le terrain 20 entourant le forage 30 en profondeur, comme illustré sur la figure 8, de manière à assurer un bon ancrage de l'élément de fondation résultant dans ce terrain. Cette injection peut être maintenue de manière continue ou intermittente pendant une période prédéterminée, jusqu'à ce que le débit de coulis de ciment injecté sous une pression prédéterminée tombe en dessous d'un seuil prédéterminé, ou jusqu'à ce que la pression atteigne un seuil maximum prédéterminé, ou encore jusqu'à ce qu'un volume de coulis injecté ait atteint un seuil maximum prédéterminé. Le premier coulis de ciment et le deuxième coulis de ciment peuvent avoir sensiblement la même composition, avec un rapport ciment-eau de, par exemple, 2, c'est-à-dire, deux parts de ciment (en poids) pour chaque part d'eau. Après cette injection, et après avoir déconnecté le raccord 4 d'alimentation de la pompe de coulis de ciment, la machine de forage 100 peut mettre en rotation le dispositif d'obturation 5 en sens opposé à celui d'enfoncement pour le retirer du forage, comme illustré sur la figure 9. Cette rotation peut aussi être assistée par une force verticale exercée par la machine de forage 100 dans le sens du retrait. Après la prise du coulis de ciment, l'élément de fondation ainsi obtenu peut encore faire l'objet d'autres opérations, comme notamment une opération d'arasage ou de coupe de l'armature à la hauteur souhaitée. Alternativement, l'armature aurait pu être positionnée et maintenue à la hauteur souhaitée pendant le temps de prise, de manière à éviter une telle coupe ultérieure.Next, a first grout of cement is poured into the bore 30 so as to fill the borehole 30 around the frame 10, as illustrated in FIG. the figure 5 . When the drilling 30 and the installation of the armature 10 in the borehole 30 are not combined using a self-reinforcing armature 10, it is also conceivable to carry out this casting before the introduction of the armature 10 into the drilling 30, rather than after. In both cases, immediately after the installation of the frame 10 in the borehole 30 and this casting, the closure device 1, held by the drilling machine 100, can be placed on the borehole 30, as shown in FIG. figure 6 . The outer diameter of the tubular wall 2 of this closure device 1 is substantially equal to or slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the bore 30, so that the tubular wall 2 can be received in the borehole 30. Thus, for example, for a borehole with an inside diameter of about 270 mm, the outside diameter of the tubular wall 2 may be 269.50 mm. By against the outer diameter of the helical blades 6a, 6b is substantially greater than the inner diameter of the bore 30, so that these helical blades 6a, 6b can cut in the ground 20 and then retain the closure device 1 against pressure grout injection. Thus, for example, for the aforementioned dimensions, in order to ensure the anchoring of the closure device 1 in an old alluvial soil, the helical blades 6a, 6b may project from, for example, 50 mm to on the outer surface of the tubular wall 2. With the drilling machine 100, the closure device 1 can be placed on the ground 20 and actuated in rotation through the mechanical coupling member 5 as illustrated in FIG. figure 7 , so as to drive it into the borehole 30, with the helical blades 6a, 6b thus intersecting in the ground 20 so as to impinge the closure device 1 downwards. This can be further assisted by a vertical force transmitted to the closure device 1 by the drilling machine 100 through the mechanical coupling member 5. Once the closure device 1 has been depressed in the borehole 30 at a predetermined depth so as to close the bore 30 while maintaining the cap 3 above the surface of the ground 20, the fluid supply connection 4 can be connected to a cement grout pump in order to proceed immediately. injecting a second grout of cement under pressure into the borehole 30, injection intended to penetrate cement grout into the ground 20 surrounding the borehole 30 at depth, as illustrated in FIG. figure 8 , so as to ensure a good anchoring the resulting foundation element in this ground. This injection can be maintained continuously or intermittently for a predetermined period, until the flow rate of cement slurry injected under a predetermined pressure falls below a predetermined threshold, or until the pressure reaches a predetermined predetermined maximum threshold, or until a volume of grout injected has reached a predetermined maximum threshold. The first cement slurry and the second cement slurry may have substantially the same composition, with a cement-water ratio of, for example, 2, i.e., two parts cement (by weight) for each part of water. After this injection, and after having disconnected the feed coupling 4 from the cement grout pump, the drilling machine 100 can rotate the closure device 5 in the opposite direction to that of the depression to withdraw it from the borehole as shown on the figure 9 . This rotation can also be assisted by a vertical force exerted by the drilling machine 100 in the withdrawal direction. After grouting, the foundation element thus obtained can still be the subject of other operations, such as in particular a shaving operation or cutting the frame to the desired height. Alternatively, the armature could have been positioned and maintained at the desired height during the setting time, so as to avoid such a subsequent cut.

Le même procédé de réalisation peut être effectué avec le dispositif d'obturation 1' suivant le mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 2, avec la seule différence que, lors de son enfoncement, cet autre dispositif d'obturation 1'va refouler du terrain radialement vers l'extérieur, exerçant ainsi une pression radiale pouvant servir à compacter le terrain autour du forage. Toutefois, dans les deux cas, le coulis de gaine doit être coulé dans le forage avant son obturation par le dispositif d'obturation, puisque ce coulis de gaine doit déplacer le fluide précédemment présent dans le forage, notamment le fluide de forage ayant éventuellement été utilisé pendant l'étape de réalisation du forage.The same embodiment can be carried out with the shutter device 1 'according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 2 , with the only difference that, when it is driven in, this other shutter device will push the ground radially outwards, thus exerting a radial pressure that can serve to compact the terrain around the borehole. However, in both cases, the sheath slurry must be poured into the bore before it is closed by the closure device, since this sheath must move the fluid previously present in the borehole, in particular the drilling fluid that may have been used during the drilling step.

Pour cette raison, dans un dispositif d'obturation 1" suivant un troisième mode de réalisation, illustré sur la figure 10, la coiffe 3 présente, à part le raccord d'alimentation 4, une ouverture 8 d'évacuation de fluide, et une paroi annulaire 11 divise le volume sous la coiffe 3 en une première cavité 9a, en communication fluide avec le raccord d'alimentation 4, et une deuxième cavité 9b, séparée de la première cavité 9a par la paroi annulaire 11 et en communication fluide avec l'ouverture 8 d'évacuation de fluide. Les autres éléments de ce dispositif d'obturation 1" sont analogues à ceux des deux premiers modes de réalisation et reçoivent donc les mêmes chiffres de référence. Grâce à l'ouverture 8 d'évacuation de fluide, on peut obturer le forage 30 avec ce dispositif d'obturation 1" directement après la réalisation du forage 30 et mise en place de l'armature 10, comme illustré sur la figure 10. Comme pour les modes de réalisation précédents, la réalisation du forage 30 et la mise en place de l'armature 10 peuvent avoir été combinées en une seule opération avec une armature 10 autoforante, comme illustré sur la figure 4, ou alternativement avoir été effectuées comme deux étapes distinctes et successives.For this reason, in a shutter device 1 "according to a third embodiment, illustrated in FIG. figure 10 , the cap 3 has, apart from the supply connection 4, an opening 8 for discharging fluid, and an annular wall 11 divides the volume under the cap 3 into a first cavity 9a, in fluid communication with the supply connection 4, and a second cavity 9b, separated from the first cavity 9a by the annular wall 11 and in fluid communication with the opening 8 of fluid evacuation. The other elements of this shutter device 1 "are similar to those of the first two embodiments and therefore receive the same reference numerals.Through the opening 8 for the discharge of fluid, it is possible to seal the borehole 30 with this 1 "shutter device directly after the completion of the drilling 30 and implementation of the armature 10, as shown in the figure 10 . As for the previous embodiments, the drilling 30 and the setting up of the armature 10 may have been combined in a single operation with a self-reinforcing armature 10, as illustrated in FIG. figure 4 , or alternatively have been performed as two distinct and successive steps.

Comme dans le procédé décrit précédemment, pour obturer le forage, dans l'étape illustrée sur la figure 11, le dispositif d'obturation 1" est posé sur le terrain 20 et actionné en rotation à travers l'organe de couplage mécanique, de manière à l'enfoncer dans le forage 30, avec les lames hélicoïdales 6a, 6b coupant donc dans le terrain 20 de manière à impulser le dispositif d'obturation 1" vers le bas. Ceci peut encore être assisté par une force verticale transmise au dispositif d'obturation 1" par la machine de forage 100 à travers l'organe de couplage mécanique 5.As in the method described above, to seal the borehole, in the step illustrated on the figure 11 , the shutter device 1 "is placed on the ground 20 and actuated in rotation through the mechanical coupling member, so as to drive it into the borehole 30, with the helical blades 6a, 6b thus cutting into the ground 20 so as to pulse the shutter device 1 "downwards. This can be further assisted by a vertical force transmitted to the shutter device 1 "by the drilling machine 100 through the mechanical coupling member 5.

Une fois que le dispositif d'obturation 1" a été enfoncé dans le forage 30 jusqu'à une profondeur prédéterminée de manière à obturer le forage 30, avec la paroi annulaire 11 en appui sur l'armature tubulaire 10 et la coiffe 3 en saillie sur la surface du terrain 20, on peut connecter le raccord d'alimentation 4 en fluide à un conduit d'amenée de coulis pour la coulée d'un premier coulis de ciment dans le forage 30 à travers le raccord d'alimentation 4, la première cavité 9a sous la coiffe 3 et le conduit 12 de l'armature 10, comme illustré sur la figure 12. Ce premier coulis déplaçant alors le fluide de forage du forage 30, ce fluide de forage remonte et est évacué à travers la deuxième cavité 9b et l'ouverture 8 d'évacuation de fluide. Bien que dans le mode de réalisation cette ouverture 8 d'évacuation de fluide soit connectée à un conduit d'évacuation, il est également envisageable qu'elle ouvre directement vers l'extérieur pendant cette évacuation.Once the closure device 1 "has been pressed into the bore 30 to a predetermined depth so as to seal the bore 30, with the annular wall 11 resting on the tubular reinforcement 10 and the cap 3 protruding on the surface of the ground 20, the supply connection 4 can be connected with fluid to a grout feed conduit for casting a first grout of cement into the bore 30 through the feed connection 4, the first cavity 9a under the cap 3 and the conduit 12 of the armature 10, as illustrated in FIG. figure 12 . This first grout then displacing the drilling fluid from the borehole 30, this drilling fluid rises and is evacuated through the second cavity 9b and the fluid discharge opening 8. Although in the embodiment this opening 8 fluid discharge is connected to an exhaust duct, it is also conceivable that it opens directly to the outside during this evacuation.

Ensuite, après avoir évacué le fluide de forage et avoir rempli le forage 30 avec le premier coulis de ciment, on peut procéder à l'étape d'injection d'un deuxième coulis de ciment sous pression, comme illustré sur la figure 13, en fermant l'ouverture d'évacuation 8 et en connectant le raccord d'alimentation 4 à une pompe de coulis de ciment. L'injection du deuxième coulis peut être maintenue de manière continue ou intermittente pendant une période prédéterminée ou jusqu'à ce que le débit de coulis de ciment injecté sous une pression prédéterminée tombe en dessous d'un seuil prédéterminé. Après cette injection, et après avoir déconnecté le raccord 4 d'alimentation de la pompe de coulis de ciment, on peut procéder au retrait du dispositif d'obturation 1" de manière analogue à celle illustrée sur la figure 9 pour le procédé précédent. Après la prise des coulis de ciment, l'élément de fondation ainsi obtenu peut encore faire l'objet d'autres opérations, comme notamment une opération d'arasage à la hauteur souhaitée. Comme dans les premier et deuxième modes de réalisation, la composition des deux coulis de ciment peut en fait être identique. Ainsi, dans les deux cas, le coulis peut avoir un rapport ciment/eau de 2.Then, after evacuating the drilling fluid and having filled the borehole 30 with the first cement slurry, it is possible to proceed to the step of injecting a second grout of pressurized cement, as illustrated in FIG. figure 13 by closing the discharge opening 8 and connecting the supply connection 4 to a cement grout pump. The injection of the second slurry can be maintained continuously or intermittently for a predetermined period of time or until the flow of cement slurry injected under a predetermined pressure falls below a predetermined threshold. After this injection, and after having disconnected the supply connection 4 from the cement slurry pump, it is possible to remove the shutter device 1 "in a manner similar to that illustrated on FIG. figure 9 for the previous process. After grouting, the foundation element thus obtained can still be the subject of other operations, such as in particular a shaving operation at the desired height. As in the first and second embodiments, the composition of the two cement slurries may in fact be identical. Thus, in both cases, the grout can have a cement / water ratio of 2.

Quoique la présente invention ait été décrite en se référant à des exemples de réalisation spécifiques, il est évident que des différentes modifications et changements peuvent être effectués sur ces exemples sans sortir de la portée générale de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications. En outre, des caractéristiques individuelles des différents modes de réalisation évoqués peuvent être combinées dans des modes de réalisation additionnels. Par conséquent, la description et les dessins doivent être considérés dans un sens illustratif plutôt que restrictif.Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and changes can be made to these examples without departing from the general scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In addition, individual features of the various embodiments mentioned can be combined in additional embodiments. Therefore, the description and drawings should be considered in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.

Claims (21)

Dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") de forage comprenant : une paroi tubulaire (2) axisymétrique autour d'un axe central (Z), ladite paroi tubulaire (2) s'étendant, suivant ledit axe central (Z), d'une extrémité supérieure (2a) à une extrémité inférieure (2b) ouverte ; une lame hélicoïdale (6a) en saillie radiale par rapport à une face extérieure de la paroi tubulaire (2) ; une coiffe (3) fermant l'extrémité supérieure (2a) de la paroi tubulaire (2), ladite coiffe (3) comportant au moins un raccord (4) d'alimentation en fluide pour l'injection de coulis sous pression sous la coiffe (3) et un organe de couplage mécanique (5) apte à l'entraînement du dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") en rotation autour dudit axe central (Z). A closure device (1,1 ', 1 ") comprising: a tubular wall (2) axisymmetric around a central axis (Z), said tubular wall (2) extending, along said central axis (Z), from an upper end (2a) to a lower end (2b) opened ; a helical blade (6a) projecting radially from an outer face of the tubular wall (2); a cap (3) closing the upper end (2a) of the tubular wall (2), said cap (3) having at least one fluid supply connection (4) for the injection of pressure grout under the cap (3) and a mechanical coupling member (5) adapted to drive the closure device (1,1 ', 1 ") in rotation about said central axis (Z). Dispositif d'obturation (1,1") suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite paroi tubulaire (2) est cylindrique.A sealing device (1.1 ") according to claim 1, wherein said tubular wall (2) is cylindrical. Dispositif d'obturation (1') suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite paroi tubulaire (2) présente un diamètre extérieur grandissant vers son extrémité supérieure (2a).Shutter device (1 ') according to claim 1, wherein said tubular wall (2) has an outer diameter growing towards its upper end (2a). Dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit organe de couplage mécanique (5) est aussi apte à l'entraînement dudit dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") suivant la direction dudit axe central (Z).Shutter device (1,1 ', 1 ") according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said mechanical coupling member (5) is also capable of driving said shutter device (1,1', 1 ") in the direction of said central axis (Z). Dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant au moins une lame hélicoïdale supplémentaire (6b) en saillie radiale par rapport à la face extérieure de la paroi tubulaire (2).Shutter device (1,1 ', 1 ") according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one additional helical blade (6b) projecting radially from the outer face of the tubular wall (2). Dispositif d'obturation (1") suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la coiffe (3) comporte au moins un raccord (4) d'alimentation en fluide et une ouverture (8) d'évacuation de fluide, et comportant en outre, sous la coiffe (3), une première cavité (9a), en communication fluide avec ledit raccord d'alimentation (4), et une deuxième cavité (9b), séparée de la première cavité (9a) et en communication fluide avec ladite ouverture (8) d'évacuation de fluide.A closure device (1 ") according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cap (3) comprises at least one fluid supply connection (4) and a fluid discharge opening (8), and further comprising, under the cap (3), a first cavity (9a), in fluid communication with said supply fitting (4), and a second cavity (9b), separated from the first cavity (9a) and in communication fluid with said fluid discharge opening (8). Procédé d'obturation d'un forage (30) dans un terrain (20), dans lequel le dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes est placé sur une extrémité supérieure du forage (30) et mis en rotation dans un premier sens autour de l'axe central (Z) de telle manière que la lame hélicoïdale (6a) coupe dans le terrain autour du forage (30), enfonçant ainsi le dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") dans le terrain (20) autour du forage (30).A method of sealing a borehole (30) in a terrain (20), wherein the closure device (1,1 ', 1 ") according to any one of the preceding claims is placed on an upper end of the drilling (30) and rotated in a first direction around the central axis (Z) so that the helical blade (6a) cuts in the ground around the bore (30), thereby driving the closure device ( 1.1 ', 1 ") in the ground (20) around the borehole (30). Procédé d'obturation suivant la revendication 7, dans lequel un diamètre extérieur maximal de la paroi tubulaire (2) du dispositif d'obturation (1,1") est égal ou inférieur à un diamètre intérieur du forage (30).A sealing method according to claim 7, wherein a maximum outside diameter of the tubular wall (2) of the closure device (1.1 ") is equal to or less than an inside diameter of the bore (30). Procédé d'obturation suivant la revendication 7 dans lequel un diamètre extérieur (d2) de l'extrémité inférieure (2b) de la paroi tubulaire (2) du dispositif d'obturation (1') est égal ou inférieur à un diamètre intérieur du forage (30), mais un diamètre extérieur maximal (d1) de la paroi tubulaire (2) du dispositif d'obturation (1') est supérieur au diamètre intérieur du forage (30), et la face extérieure de la paroi tubulaire (2) exerce une pression radiale sur le terrain (20) lors de l'enfoncement du dispositif d'obturation (1') dans le terrain (20).Shutter method according to claim 7, wherein an outer diameter (d2) of the lower end (2b) of the tubular wall (2) of the closure device (1 ') is equal to or less than an internal diameter of the borehole (30), but a maximum outside diameter (d1) of the tubular wall (2) of the closure device (1 ') is greater than the inside diameter of the bore (30), and the outside face of the tubular wall (2) exerts a radial pressure on the ground (20) during the depression of the closure device (1 ') in the ground (20). Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation, comportant au moins les étapes suivantes : obturation d'un forage (30) dans un terrain suivant le procédé de l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9 ; injection dans le forage (30), à travers le raccord d'alimentation (4), d'un coulis de ciment sous pression ; et retrait du dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1"), après l'étape d'injection, par rotation du dispositif d'obturation (1,1',1") en sens opposé audit premier sens de rotation. Method of producing a foundation element, comprising at least the following steps: sealing a borehole (30) in a ground according to the method of any one of claims 7 to 9; injecting into the borehole (30), through the feed connection (4), a pressure cement grout; and withdrawal of the closure device (1,1 ', 1 "), after the injection step, by rotating the closure device (1,1', 1") in the opposite direction to said first direction of rotation. Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant la revendication 10, comportant aussi, avant l'étape d'obturation du forage (30), une étape d'installation d'une armature (10) dans le forage (30).A method of producing a foundation element according to claim 10, also comprising, before the step of closing the borehole (30), a step of installing an armature (10) in the borehole (30). Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant la revendication 11, comprenant aussi, avant l'étape d'injection d'un coulis de ciment sous pression, une étape de coulée d'un premier coulis de ciment dans le forage (30).A method of producing a foundation element according to claim 11, further comprising, prior to the step of injecting a pressure cement slurry, a step of casting a first cement slurry into the borehole (30) . Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant la revendication 12, dans lequel ladite étape de coulée d'un premier coulis de ciment dans le forage (30) est effectuée après l'étape d'installation de l'armature (10).A method of making a foundation member according to claim 12, wherein said step of casting a first cement slurry in the borehole (30) is performed after the step of installing the reinforcement (10). Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant la revendication 13, dans lequel l'armature (10) comprend un conduit (12), et le premier coulis de ciment est coulé dans le forage (30) à travers ledit conduit (12).A method of making a foundation member according to claim 13, wherein the frame (10) comprises a conduit (12), and the first cement slurry is poured into the bore (30) through said conduit (12) . Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant la revendication 14, dans lequel ledit conduit (12) comprend au moins un clapet (13).A method of making a foundation element according to claim 14, wherein said conduit (12) comprises at least one valve (13). Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 14 ou 15, dans lequel l'armature (10) est tubulaire.A method of making a foundation member according to any of claims 14 or 15, wherein the frame (10) is tubular. Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant la revendication 16, dans lequel l'armature (10) comporte au moins un passage radial (14) entre ledit conduit et une surface externe de l'armature (10), et une manchette élastique (15) empêchant le passage de fluide, à travers ledit passage radial (14), de l'extérieur vers ledit conduit (12), tout en permettant le passage de fluide, à travers ledit passage radial (14), en sens opposé.A method of producing a foundation member according to claim 16, wherein the armature (10) has at least one radial passage (14) between said conduit and an outer surface of the armature (10), and an elastic cuff (15) preventing the passage of fluid through said radial passage (14) from the outside to said conduit (12) while allowing fluid passage through said radial passage (14) in opposite directions. Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 17, dans lequel ladite étape de coulée d'un premier coulis de ciment dans le forage (30) est effectuée avant l'étape d'obturation du forage (30).A method of making a foundation member according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein said step of casting a first cement slurry in the borehole (30) is performed prior to the step of closing the borehole (30). Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 17, dans lequel ladite étape de coulée d'un premier coulis de ciment dans le forage (30) est effectuée après l'étape d'obturation du forage (30), à travers une première cavité (9a), sous la coiffe (3) du dispositif d'obturation (1''), reliant le raccord d'alimentation (4) du dispositif d'obturation (1") au conduit dans l'armature (10), pendant qu'un fluide remontant échappe du forage (30) à travers une deuxième cavité (9b), séparée de la première cavité sous la coiffe (3) du dispositif d'obturation (1") et reliant le forage (30) à une ouverture (8) d'évacuation de fluide dans la coiffe (3) du dispositif d'obturation (1).A method of making a foundation member according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein said step of casting a first cement slurry into the borehole (30) is performed after the step of closing the borehole (30), through a first cavity (9a), under the cap (3) of the closure device (1 ''), connecting the supply connection (4) of the closure device (1 ") to the duct in the armature (10), while a rising fluid escapes from the bore (30) through a second cavity (9b), separated from the first cavity under the cap (3) of the closure device (1 ") and connecting the bore (30) to a fluid discharge opening (8) in the cap (3) of the closure device (1). Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 19, dans lequel l'armature (10) est autoforante et le forage (30) est réalisé simultanément à l'installation de l'armature (10).A method of producing a foundation element according to any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the armature (10) is self-drilling and the bore (30) is made simultaneously with the installation of the armature (10) . Procédé de réalisation d'un élément de fondation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 20, dans lequel l'armature (10) est enduite d'un revêtement antiadhésif sur une partie de sa longueur avant son installation dans le forage (30).A method of making a foundation member according to any one of claims 11 to 20, wherein the frame (10) is coated with a non-stick coating over part of its length prior to installation in the borehole (30) .
EP17155661.6A 2016-02-10 2017-02-10 Method of drilling Active EP3205775B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2295645A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-16 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Drilling apparatus and method of making piles in a soil

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DE3905462A1 (en) * 1989-02-22 1990-08-23 Bauer Spezialtiefbau METHOD AND MEASURING DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE CONCRETE PRESSURE
DE4228580C1 (en) * 1992-09-01 1993-10-28 Strabag Bau Ag Earth drill for the manufacture of an in-situ concrete displacement pile
FR2935105B1 (en) * 2008-08-20 2011-10-07 Cie Du Sol EQUIPMENT FOR TREATING POLLUTANTS IN THE SOIL

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2295645A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-16 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Drilling apparatus and method of making piles in a soil

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