EP3414027B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3414027B1
EP3414027B1 EP17703743.9A EP17703743A EP3414027B1 EP 3414027 B1 EP3414027 B1 EP 3414027B1 EP 17703743 A EP17703743 A EP 17703743A EP 3414027 B1 EP3414027 B1 EP 3414027B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
forming
inserts
hardening
drawing edge
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP17703743.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3414027A1 (de
Inventor
Johannes HASLMAYR
Siegfried Kolnberger
Harald Schwinghammer
Andreas Sommer
Benedikt TUTEWOHL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3414027A1 publication Critical patent/EP3414027A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
    • B21D28/26—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in sheets or flat parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing hardened steel components.
  • Hardened steel components have the advantage, particularly in the body shop of motor vehicles, that their outstanding mechanical properties make it possible to create a particularly stable passenger cell without having to use components that are much more massive and therefore heavier under normal strength.
  • Steel grades which can be hardened by quench hardening are used to produce hardened steel components of this type.
  • Such types of steel are, for example, boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels, the most widely used steel being the 22MnB5.
  • Other boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels are also used for this.
  • the steel material In order to produce hardened components from these types of steel, the steel material must be heated to the austenitizing temperature (> Ac 3 ) and waited until the steel material is austenitized. Depending on the desired degree of hardness, partial or full austenitization can be achieved here.
  • a sheet steel blank is cut out of a steel strip and then deep-drawn to the finished component in a conventional, for example five-step, deep-drawing process.
  • This finished component is dimensioned somewhat smaller in order to compensate for subsequent thermal expansion during austenitizing.
  • the component produced in this way is then austenitized and then placed in a form hardening tool, in which it is pressed, but not or only very slightly reshaped, and the heat flows from the component into the pressing tool due to the pressing, with the pressure exceeding the critical hardening speed Speed.
  • the further process is the so-called press hardening, in which a blank is cut out of a sheet steel strip, the blank is then austenitized and the hot blank is formed in a one-step step and at the same time is cooled at a speed above the critical hardening rate.
  • Mold hardening is also referred to as an indirect process and press hardening as a direct process.
  • the advantage of the indirect process is that more complex workpiece geometries can be realized.
  • the advantage of the direct process is that a higher degree of material utilization can be achieved with less component complexity.
  • first order microcracks and second order microcracks.
  • First order microcracks are attributed to the so-called Liquid Metal Embrittlement. It is believed that liquid zinc phases during forming, i.e. while tensile stresses are applied to the material, they interact with existing austenite phases, creating microcracks with depths down to a few 100 ⁇ m in the material.
  • the applicant has succeeded in preventing this by cooling the material between removal from the heating furnace and before insertion into the forming tool to temperatures at which there are no longer any liquid zinc phases. This means that hot forming takes place at temperatures below around 750 ° C.
  • the second order microcracks have so far not been manageable in hot forming despite pre-cooling and also occur at hot forming temperatures below 600 ° C.
  • the crack depths are some 10 pm.
  • a method and forming tool for hot press hardening workpieces made of sheet steel is known, and in particular made of galvanized workpieces made of sheet steel.
  • the die used for hot forming and press hardening should be liquid-coated in its drawing edge area defined by a positive drawing radius or be provided with an insert that has a thermal conductivity that is at least 10 W / (mx K) lower than the thermal conductivity of the section of the die which is adjacent to the drawing edge region and which comes into contact with the workpiece during hot forming and press hardening.
  • the surface of the material applied in the region of the drawing edge or of the insert part facing the workpiece should have a transverse dimension which extends over the drawing edge and is in the range from 1.6 times to 10 times the positive drawing radius of the die. This is intended to improve the flow properties of workpieces made of sheet steel during hot forming and thus significantly reduce the risk of cracks occurring during the hot forming of workpieces made of sheet steel, preferably galvanized steel blanks. With such a tool, however, second type microcracks cannot be avoided.
  • a tool for a press hardening tool is known, the shape-giving surface of the tool being microstructured in regions by two micro-depressions made in the mold surface. This measure is intended to limit the effective contact area between the mold surface with a blank for forming a blank to the area parts four located between the depressions. This is intended to reduce friction.
  • a method for producing hardened components from sheet steel wherein before, during or after the molding of the molded part, a necessary final trimming of the molded part and possibly necessary punching out or the production of a hole pattern is carried out and the molded part is then heated to a temperature at least in some areas , which enables the steel material to be austenitized, and wherein the component is subsequently transferred to a mold hardening tool and a mold hardening is carried out in the mold hardening tool, in which the component is cooled and thereby hardened by the at least partial application and pressing of the component by the mold hardening tools, the Component is supported by the form hardening tool in the area of the positive radii, in some areas at least and preferably in the area of the trimmed edges by two clamps and in areas in which the component is not clamped, the construction part is at least spaced from a mold half with a gap.
  • This measure serves to be able to clamp the component without distortion and to set different hard
  • the object of the invention is to avoid microcracks of the second type in directly hot-formed, that is to say press-hardened, components.
  • VME Vapor Metal Embrittlement
  • second order microcracks are to be avoided, the largest possible working window with regard to material and temperature being retained and the implementation being cost-effective. With at least the same throughput time, there should be no increase in cycle time or throughput reduction in component production.
  • the zinc vapor or free zinc occurring in the tensile stressed areas is quickly converted into a stable compound such as zinc oxide or ZnO2 by the entry of fluids containing oxygen.
  • a protective layer such as an oxide layer
  • Gaseous oxygen-containing fluids such as air or oxygen are particularly preferred because they cannot contaminate the tool unduly or also have an undesirable massive cooling effect such as that caused by e.g. Water can be regulated more easily by tempering the fluid.
  • inserts are used in the tool, preferably in the region of the positive radii or adjacent to the positive radii, which allow oxygen to enter when the sheet metal blank is deformed, that is to say when the blank material flows.
  • inserts can also be provided at narrow points or contact areas of the sheet metal blank with the tool, these contact areas being defined as those areas in which the sheet metal is at a maximum 0.5 mm from the tool.
  • the corresponding material must of course be supported in the area of the positive radii, because these are the edges that cause the deformation and initiate the material flow.
  • the inserts Adjacent to these edges and spaced from them so that the inserts are not damaged, the inserts have means that allow oxygen to enter.
  • These agents are sintered metal inserts or porous ceramic inserts, in which, after the workpiece has been moved apart and hardened and before a new circuit board has been inserted, so much oxygen is stored that it can be released to released zinc or released zinc phases.
  • the inserts can have exposed areas so that the material is spaced apart from the insert after flowing past the edge.
  • this exemption area is slit, so that a minimum support of the material is possible, but the access of oxygen is guaranteed.
  • fluid connection lines which open into the clearances or into the areas which are filled with sintered metal or porous ceramic, so that sufficient oxygen is supplied.
  • this can be air or, for example, water vapor.
  • Materials that inherently have a high oxygen diffusion capacity for example certain ceramics, can also be solid and are either exposed to fluids containing oxygen while the press is open or from the back and store it until it is released Zinc iron phases or released zinc can be released.
  • inserts can be formed on both the female and male.
  • Oxygen can also be loaded by flooding the mold cavity, for example with water vapor or the media already mentioned.
  • An insert 1 according to the invention is formed, for example, from a ceramic and in particular an oxide ceramic.
  • the ceramic insert runs along drawing edges 2 and is used in the tool instead of the metallic drawing edge 2, it having a rear side 3 and an underside 4 with which it is inserted in a form-fitting manner in a recess in the metallic tool.
  • the ceramic insert 1 has an upper side 6 and a mold front side 5, the mold front side 5 and the upper side 6 preferably being aligned with the corresponding surfaces of the tool.
  • This ceramic insert can be solid or dense and hard or porous hard.
  • a gas connection (not shown) can accordingly be provided from the metallic mold, insofar as the ceramic is oxygen-conducting or porous, which through the insert 1 has sufficient concentration of oxygen in the area of the surfaces 5 and the pulling edge 2 brings.
  • a cutout 7 is made in the area of the area 5 adjacent to the drawing edge 2 ( Figure 2 ).
  • the clearance 7 has, for example Depth of 5 to 10 mm, while the entire insert, for example, has a height between surfaces 4 and 6 of 35 to 50 mm and a width between surfaces 3 and 5 of 15 to 30 mm.
  • the drawing edge 2 is designed such that the thickness of the drawing edge in front of the recess 7 corresponds approximately to its radius.
  • such a groove 8 already stores so much oxygen after shaping a component and inserting a new circuit board as a gas in this dimensioning that the sufficient oxygen supply is ensured during the shaping.
  • the surface 5 is formed with slots 9 which run from a surface 4 in the direction of the drawing edge 2, but the drawing edge 2 still has a thickness which corresponds to its radius.
  • the slot width is 4 to 8 mm with a slot spacing of 7 to 11 mm, so that a web width of 2 to 5 mm is realized with a slot depth of 5 to 9 mm.
  • the web width has no negative influence on the oxygen supply.
  • the cutouts 7 or the groove 8 or the slots 9 are filled with a porous ceramic material or a porous sintered metal material
  • supply openings for fluids containing oxygen may be present on the rear side 3 of the insert and / or the sintered metal or ceramic inserts are loaded with oxygen between the shaping processes, for example by flooding the mold cavity with water vapor, or the ceramic and / or the sintered metal has such a high affinity for oxygen that during the shaping processes oxygen is absorbed, which is present during the drawing process released zinc iron or zinc phases is released.
  • the invention has the advantage that the formation of second-order microcracks can be effectively prevented by relatively simple measures, and existing forming tools can also be retrofitted to insert appropriately shaped inserts by milling out the positive radius areas or drawing edges.
  • the 20MnB8, 22MnB8 and other manganese-boron steels are also used, especially in the direct press hardening process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
EP17703743.9A 2016-02-10 2017-02-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile Active EP3414027B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016102324.8A DE102016102324B4 (de) 2016-02-10 2016-02-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen gehärteter Stahlbauteile
PCT/EP2017/052604 WO2017137378A1 (de) 2016-02-10 2017-02-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3414027A1 EP3414027A1 (de) 2018-12-19
EP3414027B1 true EP3414027B1 (de) 2020-05-06

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17703743.9A Active EP3414027B1 (de) 2016-02-10 2017-02-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20210189513A1 (ja)
EP (1) EP3414027B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6753939B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR20180113559A (ja)
CN (1) CN109070174B (ja)
DE (1) DE102016102324B4 (ja)
ES (1) ES2792080T3 (ja)
WO (1) WO2017137378A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220212242A1 (en) * 2019-04-29 2022-07-07 Autotech Engineering S.L. A hot press forming apparatus and a method for hot press forming a blank

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DD34665A (ja) *
DE10000138A1 (de) * 2000-01-04 2001-07-12 Binder Technologie Ag Gams Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formteilen
CN1829817B (zh) * 2003-07-29 2015-01-07 沃斯特阿尔派因钢铁有限责任公司 制造硬化钢零件的方法
AT412878B (de) * 2003-07-29 2005-08-25 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Korrosionsgeschütztes stahlblechteil mit hoher festigkeit
DE102004038626B3 (de) 2004-08-09 2006-02-02 Voestalpine Motion Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen von gehärteten Bauteilen aus Stahlblech
JP2006104527A (ja) * 2004-10-06 2006-04-20 Nippon Steel Corp 高強度部品の製造方法と高強度部品
JP2007216257A (ja) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-30 Toyota Motor Corp 高強度部品製造方法、高強度部品製造方法に用いられる熱間プレス成形型及び高強度部品製造方法における中間成形品
DE102007061489A1 (de) * 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen von gehärteten Bauteilen aus härtbarem Stahl und härtbares Stahlband hierfür
DE102008063985B4 (de) * 2008-12-19 2015-10-29 Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen partiell gehärteter Stahlblechbauteile
JP5515304B2 (ja) * 2009-01-30 2014-06-11 新日鐵住金株式会社 鋼板の熱間プレス成形方法及び熱間プレス成形装置
WO2011081043A1 (ja) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-07 住友金属工業株式会社 熱間プレス成形部材の製造方法
JP5695381B2 (ja) * 2010-09-30 2015-04-01 株式会社神戸製鋼所 プレス成形品の製造方法
US20140020795A1 (en) * 2010-12-24 2014-01-23 Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh Method for producing hardened structural elements
DE102011052773A1 (de) 2011-08-17 2013-02-21 Kirchhoff Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Werkzeug für ein Presshärtwerkzeug
CN102430628A (zh) * 2011-09-30 2012-05-02 大连理工大学 一种多层金属复合板材的热成形方法
DE102011055643A1 (de) 2011-11-23 2013-05-23 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Verfahren und Umformwerkzeug zum Warmumformen und Presshärten von Werkstücken aus Stahlblech, insbesondere verzinkten Werkstücken aus Stahlblech
JP6075304B2 (ja) * 2013-03-28 2017-02-08 株式会社豊田中央研究所 熱間プレス成形方法および熱間プレス成形装置
DE102013108044B3 (de) * 2013-07-26 2014-11-20 Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh Kühlkörper mit Abstandhalter
DE102013015405A1 (de) * 2013-09-17 2014-05-08 Daimler Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Presshärten eines Blechs
DE102014101159B4 (de) * 2014-01-30 2016-12-01 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung von Werkstücken

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017137378A1 (de) 2017-08-17
JP2019508252A (ja) 2019-03-28
EP3414027A1 (de) 2018-12-19
CN109070174B (zh) 2021-05-04
US20210189513A1 (en) 2021-06-24
DE102016102324A1 (de) 2017-08-10
KR20180113559A (ko) 2018-10-16
CN109070174A (zh) 2018-12-21
DE102016102324B4 (de) 2020-09-17
ES2792080T3 (es) 2020-11-10
JP6753939B2 (ja) 2020-09-09

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