EP3393701A1 - Materiau obtenu par compaction et densification de poudre(s) metallique(s) - Google Patents
Materiau obtenu par compaction et densification de poudre(s) metallique(s)Info
- Publication number
- EP3393701A1 EP3393701A1 EP16801424.9A EP16801424A EP3393701A1 EP 3393701 A1 EP3393701 A1 EP 3393701A1 EP 16801424 A EP16801424 A EP 16801424A EP 3393701 A1 EP3393701 A1 EP 3393701A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- phases
- powders
- grains
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 91
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/08—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of toothed articles, e.g. gear wheels; of cam discs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/002—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with copper as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/06—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
- G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
- G04B1/14—Mainsprings; Bridles therefor
- G04B1/145—Composition and manufacture of the springs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B13/00—Gearwork
- G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
- G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
- G04B31/06—Manufacture or mounting processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
- B22F2009/0828—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/10—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/15—Nickel or cobalt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/30—Low melting point metals, i.e. Zn, Pb, Sn, Cd, In, Ga
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2303/00—Functional details of metal or compound in the powder or product
- B22F2303/15—Intermetallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/10—Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a material and its method of manufacture by metallurgy powders.
- An area of application targeted with this new material is that of mechanics and, more specifically, micromechanics. It is even more specifically adapted for components having complex geometries with severe tolerances, as in watchmaking, for example.
- the present invention proposes to select the composition of the starting powders according to the desired properties on the final product and to adapt the parameters of the process to limit the interactions between the powders and thus obtain the expected properties based on the initial choice of the powders.
- the invention relates to a compacted and densified metal material comprising one or more phases formed of an agglomerate of grains, the cohesion of the material being provided by bridges formed between grains, said material having a higher relative density. or equal to 95% and, preferably, 98%, the outer surface of the grains having a random non-regular shape comprising hollows and peaks.
- the non-regular random shape of the grains and in particular of their outer surface having irregularly shaped depressions and peaks allows the grains to be able to bind together by entanglement during the manufacturing process before the densification step of the powder. compacted and this without the need to resort to any binder.
- the grains have different sizes and the grain size distribution varies from 1 to at least 4, and according to a particular embodiment the material comprises at least two phases and wherein the difference in size distribution. of grains between the at least two phases is at least a factor of 4.
- This distribution of grain sizes in connection with the topology of the outer surface of the grains having a random non-regular shape comprising hollows and peaks advantageously makes it possible to maximize the contact surfaces between grains and thus to facilitate the connection and the cohesion of the grains together during compaction to form a stable agglomerate during the manufacturing process before densification step of the compacted powder and this without the need to resort to any binder.
- this distribution of grain sizes in connection with the topology of the outer surface of the grains advantageously allows the constitution of many microsoudures thus participating in the good mechanical properties of the final product.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a material by powder metallurgy comprising the following steps:
- the agglomerate formed at the end of the compaction step advantageously does not require the use of any binder and that the maintenance of the grains between them is achieved by simple physical interaction of the respective outer surfaces of the grains.
- a debinding step is no longer necessary.
- the grains are permanently bonded to each other by microswings at their interfaces. The solid thus obtained has sufficient mechanical properties to be used in the production of various components without going through a subsequent sintering operation or the like.
- FIG. 1 shows the microstructure of a triphasic material obtained with the method according to the invention.
- the densification was carried out at a temperature close to 500 ° C on a compacted mixture of nickel, brass and bronze.
- FIG. 2 represents this same microstructure after image processing to reveal the different phases.
- Figures 3 and 4 show the microstructure of the same triphasic material when the densification is operated at a temperature close to 700 ° C.
- Figures 5 and 6 show, for comparison, the microstructures of materials of the prior art obtained by metallurgy powders.
- Figure 5 it is a bi-phased sintered solid (US 5,294,269).
- White represents the heavy phase consisting mainly of tungsten.
- the black phase is the metallic binder phase consisting essentially of a nickel, iron, copper, cobalt and molybdenum alloy.
- Figure 6 it is a sintered cermet (US 2004/0231459).
- Binder is the binder phase composed of a 347SS stainless steel.
- the ceramic phase is composed of TiC (titanium carbide).
- the last phase consists of M7C3 precipitates where M contains chromium, iron and titanium.
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a material by powder metallurgy and to the material resulting from the process.
- the method is adapted so that the microstructure of the material is perfectly homogeneous through its volume and that it is an image as faithful as possible of the microstructure of the mixed powders and their initial distribution in the mixture.
- the material resulting from the process may be a finished product or a semi-finished product requiring a subsequent machining step.
- the material is a metallic material obtained from a process comprising three steps.
- the first step is to select one or more metal powders and dose them when several powders are in presence. It can be powders of a pure metal or an alloy.
- the number of starting powders, their compositions and their respective percentages depend on the physico-mechanical properties desired on the consolidated product.
- the powders are at least two in number to combine the properties of different compositions.
- Each powder is formed of particles having a particle size chosen to guarantee the quality of the material. Although depending on the targeted properties, their average diameter dso is preferably chosen in a range between 1 and 100 ⁇ .
- the metal powder or powders are chosen from the non-exhaustive list comprising pure metals or alloys based on titanium, copper, zinc, iron, aluminum, nickel, chromium, cobalt, vanadium. , zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, palladium, silver, tantalum, tungsten, platinum and gold.
- the mixture comprises three powders: a nickel powder, a bronze powder and a brass powder.
- the percentages Cu, Sn and Cu, Zn can be respectively modulated.
- the content of Cu and Zn can be respectively 60 and 40% and for bronze, the content of Cu and Sn can be respectively 90 and 10%.
- a second step the different powders are mixed.
- Mixing is carried out in a standard commercial dry blender.
- the setting of the mixer and the duration of mixing are chosen so that at the end of this step, the mixture is perfectly homogeneous.
- the mixing time is greater than 1 2h to ensure homogeneity and less than 24 hours. It should be noted that in the presence of a single starting powder, the mixing step is optional.
- the homogeneous mixture is shaped, i.e. compacted and densified at a temperature below the melting temperature of the respective powders. Compaction and hot densification are carried out using an impact compaction technology (s) as described in the application WO 2014/199090.
- the mixed powders are placed in an impression made in a matrix and compaction of the mixture is carried out by means of a punch. Then, the compacted mixture is densified while hot by subjecting the punch to one or more impacts. Unlike the process described in the application WO 2014/199090, the step of cooling under pressure can be omitted.
- the process parameters are chosen to obtain a consolidated body with a relative density greater than or equal to 95% and better than or equal to 98%, while limiting the interactions between the different powders.
- the objective is to achieve microstrain between particles to consolidate the material without significantly altering the microstructure of the various powders present.
- the consolidation parameters are chosen to limit the degree of sintering to surface bond formation and not to volume bond formation as observed during actual sintering. Microstructurally, this intergranular bond results in the formation of bridges between particles. Limiting the interactions between particles makes it possible to maintain a distribution of the powders within the consolidated material close to that observed after mixing the powders.
- Compaction and impact densification of the powder mixture thus makes it possible to weld the grains of the powders together while preserving a microstructure with high energy interfaces between the different constitutive phases.
- the material resulting from the process has the characteristics that the constituent elements of the different powders do not mix and that the morphology of the base particles is retained after compaction and densification.
- the morphology of the grains of the material obtained is an image of the morphology particles of the initial powder, which is advantageous for guaranteeing mechanical properties based on the initial choice of the morphology of the powder.
- the mixture of powders is at a temperature below the melting temperature of the powder of lower melting point during hot densification.
- the mixture is brought to this temperature for a time of between 3 and 30 minutes and, preferably, between 5 and 20 minutes. It can be brought to this temperature before introduction in the press or in the press.
- the time indicated above includes the heating time to reach the given temperature and the maintenance at this temperature.
- the mixture is subjected to a number of impacts of between 1 and 50 with an energy level of between 500 and 2000J, this level being preferably 10 to 30% higher than the energy level required when compaction.
- the product thus obtained has a relative density greater than or equal to 95% and, preferably, 98%, measured conventionally by weighing Archimedes.
- a metallurgical section reveals a very specific microstructure due to the process of shaping the material.
- the material comprises a number of phases corresponding to the number of initial powders with a distribution of the phases substantially the same as that of the powders within the starting mixture.
- Another very specific characteristic of this microstructure is that the surface energy of the phases thus consolidated is conserved at high levels.
- the native morphology of the powder particles remains almost completely preserved with an interface between irregularly shaped phases, which can also be described as non-spherical.
- the consolidated phases thus retain a high specific surface area.
- Figures 1 and 2 reveal the microstructure obtained from a mixture of three powders: nickel, bronze, brass as shown in Table 1.
- the mixture was compacted and densified at a temperature close to 500 ° C.
- the microstructure has three distinct phases respectively consisting mainly of nickel, bronze and brass.
- the homogeneity of the microstructure obtained is that obtained after the step of mixing the three kinds of powder.
- the product thus obtained has a relative density greater than 95%.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the same homogeneity of microstructure with three distinct phases.
- an interdiffusion between the two pairs nickel-bronze and bronze-brass is observed, the phase rich in nickel being surrounded by the phase rich in bronze. This interdiffusion makes it possible to increase the relative density to a value greater than or equal to 98%.
- the powders have been selected to produce a material having a set of properties:
- the shaping was carried out using a high speed press and high energy manufacturer Hydropulsor.
- the formatting was performed in two phases:
- the dosing of the powders in the impression is done volumetrically with a given filling height.
- this filling height is 6 mm to reach a compacted thickness of about 2 mm.
- This parameter - filling height - can vary between 2 mm and 50 mm depending on the desired final thickness on the compacted solid.
- the quantity of powders thus dosed is compacted between the punch above and the punch below, surrounded by a matrix to form a washer of a given diameter.
- This compaction is done in the example with 25 impacts.
- the objective of this step is to obtain a sufficiently dense solid for the subsequent densification under heat.
- This compaction also serves to ensure that the solid thus compacted is sufficiently solid for handling operations during hot densification.
- the relative density obtained at this stage is greater than 90%.
- the compacted washer is brought to a temperature close to 700 ° C in an oven preheated to this temperature.
- the compacted puck is placed in the oven for at least 5 minutes and preferably 15 minutes.
- the thus heated washer is transported and placed in the cavity of diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the washer.
- the duration of the transport of the preheated washer of the oven to the press, put in the matrix, is between 2 and 5 seconds.
- the preheated disc is then hot densified between the top punch and the bottom punch with 25 impacts. In the absence of heating means, a decrease in temperature is observed during impact densification.
- the final thickness in the example of the densified washer is about 1 .8 mm.
- the relative density of the washer is greater than 98%.
- the microstructure is similar to that obtained in FIG.
- the solid obtained is a multiphase material comprising phases having different functions.
- the solid thus obtained has a homogeneous microstructure throughout its volume. As a result, there is no internal stress gradient across the solid. This provides geometric stability to the machined part.
- Each phase of the solid obtained and, upstream, each powder is chosen to fulfill a specific function.
- One of the phases may be chosen to improve the weldability, for example, by laser. This function is fulfilled by the phase consisting mainly of nickel in the example.
- Another phase may be chosen to facilitate hot densification without sintering itself.
- one of the phases of the solid consists essentially of bronze which has the lowest melting range of the three constituents.
- the third phase which is, as an example, the majority phase, is composed of consolidated brass powder. This phase thus mixed with the other two makes it possible to guarantee better machining aptitude by chip removal.
- the process according to the invention also has advantages. It is thus observed that the morphology of the grains within the material is an image of the morphology of the particles of the starting powder. As the grain size plays an important role in the mechanical properties of the material, it is particularly advantageous to be able to predict the final properties on the basis of the choice of the morphology of the starting powder.
- the morphology of the base powder or powders is preserved while obtaining a high density product. Relative to the known sintering process where consolidation at relative density values greater than or equal to 95 or even 98% is accompanied by a drastic change in morphology.
- the method of the invention applies mutatis mutandis to the second example with three metal powders listed in Tables 3 and 4 below.
- the function of each powder is detailed in Table 3.
- the compositions and percentages of the various powders are detailed in Table 4.
- the zinc in very small grain size and in small quantities serves to improve the consolidation effect of the agglomerate before the densification step, but that the latter could be, according to a variant, omitted the proportion of two types of brass powders then being substantially equal.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15201640.8A EP3184211A1 (fr) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Matériau obtenu par compaction et densification de poudre(s) métallique(s) |
PCT/EP2016/078201 WO2017108293A1 (fr) | 2015-12-21 | 2016-11-18 | Materiau obtenu par compaction et densification de poudre(s) metallique(s) |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3393701A1 true EP3393701A1 (fr) | 2018-10-31 |
EP3393701B1 EP3393701B1 (fr) | 2022-05-11 |
Family
ID=55070732
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15201640.8A Withdrawn EP3184211A1 (fr) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Matériau obtenu par compaction et densification de poudre(s) métallique(s) |
EP16801424.9A Active EP3393701B1 (fr) | 2015-12-21 | 2016-11-18 | Matériau obtenu par compaction et densification de poudres de nickel, bronze et laiton et son procédé |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15201640.8A Withdrawn EP3184211A1 (fr) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | Matériau obtenu par compaction et densification de poudre(s) métallique(s) |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US10987732B2 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP3184211A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6793730B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN108495730B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017108293A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111057905B (zh) * | 2020-01-13 | 2022-03-04 | 西安理工大学 | 一种粉末冶金制备铌钛合金的方法 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA972514A (en) * | 1971-08-10 | 1975-08-12 | Renzo Fedrigo | Method of and press for compacting materials in powder form for pieces to be sintered |
CH621577A5 (fr) * | 1976-07-15 | 1981-02-13 | Straumann Inst Ag | |
US4270114A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1981-05-26 | Cannom David L | Energy transmission devices |
US5061439A (en) * | 1989-04-07 | 1991-10-29 | Aktiebolaget Electrolux | Manufacture of dimensionally precise pieces by sintering |
KR950005290B1 (ko) | 1992-08-06 | 1995-05-23 | 주식회사풍산 | 충격인성을 갖는 텅스텐 기(基) 합금의 열처리 방법 |
SE0004122D0 (sv) * | 2000-11-09 | 2000-11-09 | Hoeganaes Ab | High density compacts and method for the preparation thereof |
US7074253B2 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2006-07-11 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Advanced erosion resistant carbide cermets with superior high temperature corrosion resistance |
JP2008038160A (ja) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-21 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 高密度粉末成形体の製造方法 |
EP2376247B8 (fr) | 2009-01-12 | 2019-12-25 | Metal Additive Technologies | Procèdè de produire des pièces à multiples niveaux obtenues à partir d'une poudre métallique sphérique agglomérée |
US9243475B2 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2016-01-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Extruded powder metal compact |
JP4906972B1 (ja) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-03-28 | 太陽誘電株式会社 | 磁性材料およびそれを用いたコイル部品 |
KR101501067B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-07 | 2015-03-17 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 비정질 형성능을 가지는 결정질 합금, 그 제조방법, 스퍼터링용 합금타겟 및 그 제조방법 |
FR3006936B1 (fr) | 2013-06-12 | 2015-07-03 | Ct Tech Des Ind Mecaniques | Procede et ensemble de production d'une piece mecanique par frittage d'un materiau pulverulent |
JP6519100B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-23 | 2019-05-29 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 焼結造形方法、液状結合剤、および焼結造形物 |
CN104959609A (zh) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-10-07 | 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 | 一种铜基粉末冶金零件的制备方法 |
US10639719B2 (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2020-05-05 | General Electric Company | Grain boundary engineering for additive manufacturing |
CN111032896B (zh) * | 2017-08-28 | 2021-08-20 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 钟表构件 |
-
2015
- 2015-12-21 EP EP15201640.8A patent/EP3184211A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-11-18 US US16/064,314 patent/US10987732B2/en active Active
- 2016-11-18 WO PCT/EP2016/078201 patent/WO2017108293A1/fr unknown
- 2016-11-18 CN CN201680079730.2A patent/CN108495730B/zh active Active
- 2016-11-18 JP JP2018532780A patent/JP6793730B2/ja active Active
- 2016-11-18 EP EP16801424.9A patent/EP3393701B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-03-05 US US17/193,309 patent/US11759857B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3393701B1 (fr) | 2022-05-11 |
US20190009331A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
EP3184211A1 (fr) | 2017-06-28 |
JP2019508576A (ja) | 2019-03-28 |
US11759857B2 (en) | 2023-09-19 |
CN108495730A (zh) | 2018-09-04 |
WO2017108293A1 (fr) | 2017-06-29 |
US20210187608A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
JP6793730B2 (ja) | 2020-12-02 |
US10987732B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
CN108495730B (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
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