EP3384541A1 - Sic-separator und sic-zelle - Google Patents
Sic-separator und sic-zelleInfo
- Publication number
- EP3384541A1 EP3384541A1 EP16805039.1A EP16805039A EP3384541A1 EP 3384541 A1 EP3384541 A1 EP 3384541A1 EP 16805039 A EP16805039 A EP 16805039A EP 3384541 A1 EP3384541 A1 EP 3384541A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- lithium
- polyelectrolyte
- lithium ion
- ion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F12/16—Halogens
- C08F12/20—Fluorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F12/26—Nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F12/30—Sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/497—Ionic conductivity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/285—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing a polyether chain in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/286—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing a polyether chain in the alcohol moiety and containing polyethylene oxide in the alcohol moiety, e.g. methoxy polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator and / or protective layer for a lithium cell and such cells as well as copolymers, polymer blends and polymer electrolytes therefor.
- Lithium battery cells include a cathode, an anode, and a separator.
- the cathode and the anode are electrically conductively connected to one another, in particular via current collectors for the supply and removal of electric current via an external circuit.
- the circuit is at least one
- liquid electrolytes are used from a liquid solvent in which a conducting salt is dissolved.
- Some battery cells have one instead of one liquid electrolyte
- Polymer electrolytes based on a polymer having a conductive salt dissolved therein In order to increase the conductivity, a liquid solvent may be mixed with polymer electrolytes, whereby a polymer gel electrolyte may be formed.
- Anodes of metallic lithium tend, especially when using liquid electrolytes or polymer gel electrolytes and / or mechanically not sufficiently stable polymer electrolytes, to form dendrites.
- the document EP 1098382 relates to a polyelectrolyte gel for a
- the document US 2006/0177732 relates to battery electrodes and method for the production of alkali metal electrodes with a reinforced glassy
- the present invention is a separator and / or a
- Protective layer for a lithium cell for example for a lithium-ion cell or a lithium-sulfur cell, in particular in the form of a solid cell, which comprises a copolymer and / or a polymer mixture (blend).
- the copolymer comprises at least one
- Repeating unit for forming a polymer with a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 and at least one mechanically stabilizing repeating unit and / or in this case comprises the polymer mixture at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 and at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer.
- the separator and / or the protective layer for example, a
- a repeating unit which rigid Groups, in particular aromatic groups includes.
- the mechanically stabilizing repeat unit may comprise an aromatic group.
- Repeat unit be a styrene and / or phenylene-based unit.
- the at least one mechanically stabilizing repeating unit can be designed, in particular, to form a mechanically stabilizing polymer.
- a mechanically stabilizing polymer may, in particular, be understood as meaning a polymer which has rigid groups, in particular aromatic groups
- the mechanically stabilizing polymer may be an aromatic group-having polymer.
- the mechanically stabilizing polymer may be a styrenic and / or phenylene based polymer, for example, a polystyrene and / or polyphenylene.
- At least one repeating unit to form a polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 or at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 can be formed by the at least one repeating unit to form a polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 or at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7.
- Liquid electrolytes for example a solution of the conductive salt
- LiTFSI Lithium bis- (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide
- PEO Polyethylene oxide
- LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluoromethane "sulfonyl) imide
- Entladetechnische maintained and in particular a fast charging of the cell can be realized.
- a high lithium dendritic resistance in particular of the separator and / or the protective layer, can be achieved by the at least one mechanically stabilizing repeating unit or the at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer, which is advantageous for the
- Life of a cell equipped with it, for example, with a lithium metal anode, can affect.
- mechanically stabilizing units or polymers in particular styrene-based units or polymers, in particular in the copolymer, may optionally advantageously improve the solubility of the block copolymer in comparison to a pure single-ion conducting polymer homopolymer.
- mechanically stabilizing units or polymers in particular styrene-based units or polymers, in particular in the copolymer, may optionally advantageously improve the solubility of the block copolymer in comparison to a pure single-ion conducting polymer homopolymer.
- lithium cells in particular based on solid electrolyte, can be provided in a simple manner, which can be charged and discharged quickly and have a long service life and can be used in particular in electric vehicles.
- the at least one mechanically stabilizing repeating unit comprises or is at least one styrene based repeating unit and / or comprises or is the at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer at least one styrene-based polymer.
- Styrene-based repeating unit may, for example, styrene and / or styrene derivatives, for example by simple or multiple
- a styrene-based polymer may in particular be understood as meaning a polymer obtainable by polymerization of styrene and / or styrene derivatives, for example derivable by simple or multiple substitution of styrene.
- the at least one styrene-based repeat unit and / or the at least one styrene-based polymer may be prepared by polymerization of styrene and / or o-methylstyrene and / or p-methylstyrene and / or mt-butoxystyrene and / or 2,4-dimethylstyrene and / or m-chlorostyrene and / or p-chlorostyrene and / or 4-carboxystyrene and / or vinylanisole and / or vinylbenzoic acid and / or vinylaniline and / or vinylnaphthalene.
- the at least one repeating unit for forming a polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 and / or the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 may in particular have a lithium ion transfer number> 0.8.
- the at least one repeating unit may be formed to form a polymer having a lithium ion transduction number> 0.7, in particular
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, a borate-based Polyelectrolytes and / or a sulfonic acid-based polyelectrolyte and / or an imide-based, in particular sulfonylimide-based, polyelectrolyte and / or a polyelectrolyte based on lithiated acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or a perfluoropolyether-based polymer include or be.
- Such polymers may advantageously have transfer numbers> 0.8.
- the at least one repeat unit for forming a polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 and / or the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 may have a lithium ion transfer number> 0.9.
- Single-ion-conducting polyelectrolytes may advantageously have lithium-ion transfer numbers> 0.9, which in particular may even be close to 1.
- a single ion conducting polyelectrolyte (SIC, English: Single Ion Conductor) can in particular an electrolyte, in particular polymer
- Polymer scaffold are integrated and thus only the corresponding cations, especially lithium ions, mobile / are mobile. Thus, only the type of ion, namely the lithium ions, which also participates in the electrochemical electrode reaction, is mobile.
- Single-ion-conducting polyelectrolytes are characterized by transfer numbers for lithium ions (Li + ) close to 1. Therefore, by single ion-conducting Polyelectrolytes extreme concentration gradient avoided and particularly high current densities are achieved.
- the copolymer may comprise at least one repeating unit for forming a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte and at least one styrene-based repeating unit and / or the polymer mixture at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte and at least one styrene-based polymer.
- Polyelectrolytes may comprise, for example, a solid, in particular covalent, bound to the polymer back, for example tethered or integrated therein, negatively charged group Q " or an anion and a mobile positively charged counterion, in particular lithium ion.
- a single ion conducting polyelectrolyte may in particular have a solid
- the at least one repeating unit comprises or is for forming a polymer with a
- single-ion conducting polyelectrolytes a borate-based unit and / or a sulfonic acid-based unit and / or an imide-based, in particular
- Sulfonylimide-based, unit and / or a unit based on lithiated acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or comprises or is the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.9, or the at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte a borate-based polyelectrolyte and / or a sulfonic acid-based
- imide-based, in particular sulfonyl imide-based, polyelectrolyte and / or a polyelectrolyte based on lithiated acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid In the following some examples of such units or polymers are explained, which can have transfer numbers> 0.8.
- Borate-based single-ion-conducting polyelectrolytes can be formed, for example, in the form of an anionic borate network (borate anion network).
- the anionic borate network may be formed by borate anions, which are bound by at least one linker, for example tartaric acid.
- An example of such a borate-based anionic borate network may be formed by borate anions, which are bound by at least one linker, for example tartaric acid.
- borate-based polyelectrolytes may also be formed, for example, in the form of polymers having, in particular covalently, borate groups attached to the polymer back of the polymer.
- the at least one repeating unit for forming a polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.9 comprises or is a borate-based unit of the general chemical formula:
- At least one X in particular at least two X, for example or four X, for
- sulfonic acid-based polyelectrolytes are Li-Nafion, for example the general chemical formula:
- Imide-based, especially sulfonylimide-based, polyelectrolytes may be based on, for example, poly (perfluoroalkylsulfonyl) imide.
- polyelectrolytes based on lithiated acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid are, for example, poly-MMALi or related polyelectrolytes.
- Such perfluoropolyether-based polymers are - in contrast to the other polyelectrolytes described above - usually no single-ion conducting polyelectrolytes, but lithium ion conductive polymers which have neither tightly bound anions nor mobile cations and only with the addition of a Lithiumleitsalzes, such as Lithiumbis-- (trifluor- methane - sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), lithium ion conducting. Nevertheless, they can have high transfer rates.
- Lithiumbis-- (trifluor- methane - sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) Lithiumbis--- (trifluor- methane - sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI)
- the at least one repeat unit for forming a polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 and / or the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 can be obtained in particular by polymerizing at least one double bond.
- Such units or polymers can advantageously be copolymerized by classical copolymerization with styrene, in particular so as to obtain in a simple manner a mechanically stabilized copolymer for use as a separator and / or protective layer.
- the copolymer may be prepared by copolymerizing styrene and / or a styrene derivative, for example o-methylstyrene and / or p-methylstyrene and / or mt-butoxystyrene and / or 2,4-dimethylstyrene and / or m-chlorostyrene and / or p-chlorostyrene and / or 4-carboxystyrene and / or vinylanisole and / or vinylbenzoic acid and / or vinylaniline and / or vinylnaphthalene, with a monomer of the general chemical formula:
- At least one X in particular at least two X, for example three X or four X, for
- R ' where 2 ⁇ m ⁇ 10, in particular 3 ⁇ m ⁇ 10, and wherein R' is hydrogen or fluorine, and / or with a monomer of the general chemical formula:
- the copolymer is a block copolymer.
- the block copolymer may in particular at least one, in particular single-ion conducting, block (b-A) of at least one
- block copolymer (b-SIC-b-PS) at least one, in particular single-ion conducting, block (b-SIC) of at least one
- SIC single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte
- PS styrene-based repeating unit
- The, in particular single-ion conducting, block (b-A) can both a
- The, in particular mechanically stabilizing, block (bB) can be both a homopolymer of a mechanically stabilizing, in particular styrene-based, repeating unit (B) and a random copolymer of several different mechanically stabilizing, in particular styrene-based, repeating unit (B) ,
- b-A-b-B for example, tri-block copolymers (b-A-b-B-b-A or b-B-b-A-b-B, such as b-PS-b-SIC-b-PS) and multi-block copolymers are possible.
- the copolymer furthermore comprises at least one lithium ion-conductive repeat unit and / or the polymer mixture furthermore comprises at least one lithium ion-conductive polymer.
- the mobility of the lithium ions in the system and thus the conductivity at a consistently high transfer ratio can be increased close to 1. This may be advantageous in particular in the case of borate-based units / polyelectrolytes and / or imide-based units / polyelectrolytes.
- lithium ion conductive material such as a
- Lithium ion conductive polymer in particular a material, for example a repeating unit or a polymer can be understood, which itself may be free of the conductive ions, for example lithium ions, but is designed to the conductive ions themselves, for example lithium ions coordinate and / or solvate and / or coordinate counter ions of the ions to be conducted, for example lithium lead salt anions, and for example with the addition of the conductive ions, for example lithium ions, in particular in the form of a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte and / or optionally in the form a conducting salt, becomes lithium ion conductive.
- the at least one lithium ion-conducting repeat unit comprises or is an alkylene oxide unit, for example an ethylene oxide unit (EO) and / or a propylene oxide unit (PO), in particular an ethylene oxide unit (EO), and / or one
- Oligoethylenglycolmethacrylat unit (OEGMA) and / or a
- Oligoethylenglycolacrylat unit in particular a
- Oligoethylenglycolmethacrylat unit (OEGMA), and / or comprises or is the at least one lithium ion conductive polymer is a polyalkylene oxide,
- polyethylene oxide and / or polypropylene oxide in particular polyethylene oxide
- poly (oligoethylenglycol) methacrylate P- (OEGMA)
- poly (oligoethylenglycol) acrylate in particular poly (oligoethylenglycol) methacrylate (P- (OEGMA).
- the at least one lithium ion conductive repeating unit can, for example, via a block copolymerization or as statistical
- Copolymerization in the copolymer in particular block copolymer can be integrated.
- the block copolymer may further comprise at least one, especially lithium ion-conductive, block (b-C, for example b-OEGMA /
- C lithium ion-conducting repeat unit
- the integration of the at least one, in particular lithium ion-conductive, block can, for example, from a terminal hydroxide group (OH-
- the at least one, in particular lithium ion conductive, block which is reacted with, for example, with acryloyl chloride or a-bromoisobutyryl bromide, followed by a radical polymerization can follow, by which the at least one, in particular mechanically
- stabilizing block of at least one mechanically stabilizing, in particular styrene-based, repeating unit and / or the at least one, in particular single-ion conducting, block of at least one
- Polyelectrolyte is linked.
- lithium ion-conductive blocks emanating which is reacted with a-bromoisobutyryl bromide, which can be followed by an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), by which the at least one, in particular mechanically stabilizing, block of at least one mechanically stabilizing, in particular styrene-based .
- ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
- the block copolymer is a di-
- Block copolymer for example b-SIC-b-PS
- b-SIC-b-PS Block copolymer
- bAbBbA or bBbAbB or bAbBbC a tri-block copolymer
- b-SIC-b-PS-b-SIC b-PS or bAbBb-OEGMA / EO / PO
- bAbCbBbCbA or bBbCbAbCbB for example b-SIC-b-OEGMA / EO / PO-b-PS-b-OEGMA / EO / PO-b -SIC or b-
- Assembly of the conductive and stabilizing units can be achieved and so better lithium ion transport properties can be achieved.
- a mixture of a copolymer, in particular a block copolymer, with at least one further mechanically stabilizing polymer can be used.
- Example a mixture of a copolymer, in particular block copolymer, be used with at least one further polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 and / or with at least one further lithium ion conductive polymer.
- a blend of a copolymer, especially a block copolymer, and at least one polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based binder may be used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- mixtures of different block copolymers with other block copolymers for example, b-A-b-B with b-A-b-B ', b-A-b-B-b-A with b-A-b-B-b-A', B-B-b-A-b-B with b-B-b-A-b-B 'or b-A-b-B-b-C and b-A-b-B-b-c, b-A-b-B-b-C and b-A-b-B-b-A, b-A-b-B-b-C and b-B-b-A-b-B.
- Transport properties of the separator and / or the protective layer, the separator and / or the protective layer further at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ion conductor, in particular single-ion conductors, and / or at least one further additive, for example at least one filler, for example silica ( S1O2), titanium dioxide (T1O2) or alumina (Al2O3).
- the separator and / or the protective layer therefore furthermore comprises at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glass-like, inorganic ion conductor, in particular single ion conductor.
- inorganic electrolyte understood to be solid in the anions
- the at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ion conductor, in particular single ion conductor comprise or be at least one sulfidic ion conductor, in particular single ion conductors.
- the at least one inorganic, in particular sulfidic, ion conductor can be glassy, for example.
- the at least one inorganic, especially sulfidic, ionic conductor may be based on the general chemical formula: (Li 2 S) x : (P 2 S s) y : D z , where D z is one or more additives, for example LiCl and / or LiBr and / or Lil and / or LiF and / or Li2Se and / or L12O and / or P2Ses and / or P2O5 and / or L13PO4 and / or one or more sulphides of germanium, boron, aluminum,
- Molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, arsenic and / or niobium, in particular germanium, stand, x, y and z may stand in particular for component ratios.
- Such ion conductors can be made, for example, from the individual components L12S and P2S5 and optionally D are synthesized. The synthesis may optionally be carried out under protective gas.
- the at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ion conductor, in particular single ion conductor may comprise or be a lithium argyrodite and / or a sulfidic glass.
- These single ion conductors have proven to be particularly advantageous because they can have high ionic conductivity and low contact junction resistances at the grain boundaries within the material as well as to other components, for example the cathode active material.
- these ion conductors can be ductile, which is why they can be used particularly advantageously in the case of porous active materials, which may, for example, also have a rough surface. Overall, so can advantageously the long-term stability and performance of the cathode material
- Lithium argyrodites may in particular be understood as meaning compounds derived from the mineral argyrodite of the general chemical formula: AgeGeS6, where silver (Ag) is replaced by lithium (Li) and in particular germanium (Ge) and / or sulfur (S ) by other elements, for example I II., IV., V., VI. and / or VI I. main group, may be replaced.
- lithium argyrodites examples are:
- Ch is sulfur (S) and / or oxygen (O) and / or selenium (Se), for example sulfur (S) and / or selenium (Se), in particular sulfur (S)
- Ch is sulfur (S) and / or oxygen (O) and / or selenium (Se), for example sulfur (S) and / or oxygen (O), in particular sulfur (S), and X is chlorine (Cl) and / or bromine (Br) and / or iodine (I) and / or fluorine (F), for example X represents chlorine (Cl) and / or bromine (Br) and / or iodine (I), Compounds of the general chemical formula:
- Ch is sulfur (S) and / or oxygen (O) and / or selenium (Se), for example sulfur (S) and / or selenium (Se), in particular sulfur (S), B is phosphorus (P) and / or Arsenic (As),
- X is chlorine (Cl) and / or bromine (Br) and / or iodine (I) and / or fluorine (F), for example X is chlorine (Cl) and / or bromine (Br) and / or iodine (I), and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1.
- the at least one inorganic ion conductor at least one lithium Argyroditen the chemical formula: Li 7 PS6, Li 7 PSe6, LiePSsCI, Li 6 PS 5 Br, Li 6 P 5 L, Li 7-5 P 6 -5CI 5, Li 7 - 5 HP 6 -5Br 5 , Li 7 -öPS «Lö, Li 7 - 5 PSe 6 - 5 CI 5 , Li 7 - 5 PSe 6 - 5 Br 5 , Li 7 - 5 PSe6-5lö, Li 7-5 AsS6-5Br 5 , Li 7 - 5 AsS6-5l5, Li 6 AsS 5 l, Li 6 AsSe 5 l, Li 6 P0 5 Cl, LiePOsBr and / or L16PO5I.
- Lithium argyrodites are described, for example, in the publications: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2008, 47, 755-758; Z. Anorg. Gen. Chem., 2010, 636, 1920-1924; Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 2198-2206; Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 5138-5147; Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 8347-8354; Solid State Ionics, 2012, 221, 1-5; Z. Anorg. Gen. Chem., 201 1, 637, 1287-1294; and Solid State Ionics, 2013, 243, 45-48.
- the lithium argyrodite may be a sulphidic lithium argyrodite, for example where Ch is sulfur (S).
- Lithium argyrodites can be prepared in particular by a mechanical-chemical reaction process, for example, wherein starting materials such as lithium halides, for example LiCl, LiBr and / or Lil, and / or
- Lithium chalcogenides for example L12S and / or Li2Se and / or L12O, and / or chalcogenides of main group V, for example P2S5, P2Ses, L13PO4, in particular in stoichiometric amounts, are milled together. This can, for example, in a ball mill, in particular a
- High energy ball mill for example, with a number of revolutions of 600 rpm done.
- the grinding can be carried out under a protective gas atmosphere.
- the at least one inorganic ionic conductor may comprise at least one sulfidic glass of the chemical formula LiioGeP2Si2, Li2S- (GeS2) -P2Ss
- the at least one inorganic ionic conductors comprise a germanium-containing sulphidic glass, for example LiioGeP2Si2 and / or Li2S- (GeS2) -P2Ss, in particular LiioGeP2Si2.
- Sulfide lithium ionic conductors can advantageously have a high
- the at least one inorganic ion conductor comprises or is a lithium argyrodite.
- Lithium argyrodites are advantageously characterized by particularly low
- lithium argyrodites can also have a low contact resistance between grains even without a sintering process.
- the production of the electrode or the cell can be simplified.
- Another object of the invention is a lithium cell, such as a lithium-ion cell or lithium-sulfur cell, and / or solid cell, which is a separator according to the invention and / or a novel
- the cell may comprise a cathode and an anode, wherein the separator and / or the protective layer between the cathode and the anode is arranged.
- the anode may be, for example, a lithium-metal anode, in particular of metallic lithium.
- the separator according to the invention and / or the protective layer according to the invention can advantageously additionally have the function of a barrier for liquid
- Components for example liquid electrolytes and / or ionic liquids, in the electrolyte of the cathode (catholyte) and / or in the electrolyte of the anode (anolyte) take over, since the separator and / or the protective layer is soluble only to a very limited extent of these and thus hardly swellable by them.
- the cathode in particular the catholyte, and / or the anode, in particular the anolyte, can therefore in combination with a separator according to the invention at least one liquid electrolyte, for example from at least one solvent, for example at least one organic carbonate, and at least one lithium conducting salt, for example
- Lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide LiTFSI
- LiTFSI Lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide
- ionic liquid English: lonic liquid
- Liquid components can advantageously be increased significantly with continued high lithium ion transfer number (t +), the conductivity and lithium diffusion of the catholyte or anolyte.
- the cathode and / or anode optionally also an electrolyte, for example catholyte or anolyte, which only has a transfer coefficient of ⁇ 0.7, preferably of> 0.5. Therefore, in combination with a separator according to the invention, the cathode and / or the anode optionally also at least one
- Liquid electrolytes and / or polymer gel electrolytes with at least one dissolved therein lithium conductive salt for example
- Lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide LiTFSI
- LiTFSI Lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide
- the cathode in particular the catholyte, comprises at least one polymer with a lithium ion
- a further subject of the invention is namely a lithium cell, for example a lithium-sulfur cell or lithium-ion cell, and / or solid cell, comprising a cathode and an anode, wherein a separator and / or between the cathode and the anode a protective layer is arranged.
- a lithium cell for example a lithium-sulfur cell or lithium-ion cell, and / or solid cell, comprising a cathode and an anode, wherein a separator and / or between the cathode and the anode a protective layer is arranged.
- the separator and / or the protective layer comprises at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, and / or at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ion conductor, in particular having a lithium ion transference number> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, for example a single-ion conductor, the cathode, in particular the catholyte, (likewise) at least one polymer having a lithium-ion transference number> 0, 7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, and / or at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy,
- Inorganic ion conductor for example, with a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, for example, a single ion conductor, and / or wherein the anode, in particular the anolyte, (also) at least one polymer with a lithium ion transfer coefficient> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, and / or at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy,
- the inorganic ion conductor for example with a lithium ion transfer coefficient> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, for example a single-ion conductor.
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transference number> 0.7, in particular> 0.9, of the separator and / or the protective layer comprises or is a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte.
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.9 comprises or is the cathode a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte.
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.9 comprises or is the anode a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte.
- At least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 in particular a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte, and / or at least one inorganic ion conductor, in particular single ion conductor, in particular instead of a polymer electrolyte based on a lithium ion conductive polymer having at least one dissolved therein lithium conductive salt , is used both in the separator and / or the protective layer as well as in the cathode and / or anode, advantageously extreme concentration gradient and concomitant overvoltages, which can limit the achievable current density, at least minimized or avoided.
- Salt concentration Conducting salt precipitates, which can lead to a blockage of pores and possibly even to a reduction of the local conductivity by several orders of magnitude.
- Entladetechnische maintained and in particular a fast charging of the cell can be realized.
- the separator can also assume the function of a protective layer for one or both electrodes, for example the anode and / or the cathode, for example a lithium-metal anode, resulting in an improved lithium ion.
- Dendrite resistance can be achieved, which is beneficial to the
- Single-ion conducting polyelectrolytes can be compared with the commonly used polymer electrolytes, for example based on
- Polyethylene oxide / salt mixtures which have an electrochemical stability significantly below 4 V compared to lithium metal, advantageously have a higher electrochemical stability. This may be particularly relevant for their use as electrolyte in the cathode (catholyte), especially if their entire capacity is to be used, since many known
- Intercalation compounds such as nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide (NCA), nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM), high-energy nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (HE-NCM), lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and / or Hochvoltspinelle (HV-LMO), which are used as cathode material and are predestined for their properties for cells with high energy densities due to their properties the one compared to LiS-based cells for the
- Battery management system have more advantageous comparatively higher mean charge / discharge voltage in the delithiated state potentials> 4 V have.
- the at least one, in particular ceramic and / or vitreous, inorganic comprises or is
- the at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic individual ion conductor of the cathode comprises or is a lithium argyrodite and / or a sulfidic glass.
- the at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic individual ion conductor of the anode comprises or is a lithium argyrodite and / or a sulfidic glass.
- the separator and / or the protective layer and the cathode may comprise at least one polymer having a lithium ion transference number> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, for example a
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.9, or the at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte of the separator and / or the protective layer comprises or is a borate
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transference number of> 0.7, in particular> 0.9, or the at least one single-ion conductive polyelectrolyte of the cathode comprises or is a borate-based polyelectrolyte and / or a sulfonic acid -based polyelectrolyte and / or an imide-based, in particular sulfonylimide-based, polyelectrolyte and / or a polyelectrolyte based on lithiated acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid.
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transference number of> 0.7, in particular> 0.9, or the at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte of the anode comprises or is a borate-based
- Protective layer is a mixture of at least one polymer with one
- the cathode comprises a mixture of at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, in particular single-ion conducting polyelectrolytes, and at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ionic conductor, for example, with a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular
- the anode comprises a mixture of at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, in particular single-ion conductive polyelectrolytes, and at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ionic conductor, for example, with a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular
- single-ion conductors for example a lithium argyrodite and / or a sulfidic glass.
- the cathode and / or the anode do not necessarily have to be identical.
- the cathode may, for example, at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ion conductor, in particular single ion conductor, or a mixture of at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ionic conductors, in particular single-ion conductors, for example a lithium argyrodite and / or a sulfidic glass, and at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, for example a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte.
- the separator and / or the protective layer can in particular be at least one polymer having a lithium ion transference number> 0.7, for example a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte, or a mixture of at least one polymer having a lithium ion transference number> 0.7, for example a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte, and at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ion conductor, in particular single-ion conductors, for example a lithium argyrodite and / or a sulfidic glass and at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, for example a single-ion conducting
- Polyelectrolytes include.
- the separator and / or the protective layer can advantageously be produced in a simple manner as a thin film of ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, for example by a slurry and / or casting process, and can be applied directly to the cathode or anode, for example.
- polymers with a lithium ion transmittance> 0.7 for example, single-ion conducting polyelectrolytes, tend to be softer than inorganic ionic conductors, such as sulfidic ones
- the separator and / or the protective layer is a separator according to the invention and / or an inventive
- the lithium cell may be, for example, a lithium cell according to the invention first explained.
- the cathode may comprise a particulate cathode active material.
- the cathode active material may include, for example
- Lithium conversion material ie a material which can undergo a conversion reaction with lithium, for example based on sulfur, or a lithium intercalation material, ie a material which can intercalate lithium, for example based on metal oxide, for example nickel-cobalt-aluminum Oxide (NCA) and / or nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (NCM), high-energy nickel-cobalt Manganese oxide (HE-NCM), lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and / or high-voltage spinel (HV-LMO) may comprise or be formed from.
- NCA nickel-cobalt-aluminum Oxide
- NCM nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide
- H-NCM high-energy nickel-cobalt Manganese oxide
- LMO lithium manganese oxide
- HV-LMO high-voltage spinel
- the cathode active material comprises a sulfur-carbon composite, in particular sulfur-polymer and / or carbon-modification composite, or is formed therefrom.
- the cathode active material may comprise or be formed from a sulfur-polymer composite, for example a composite of one, in particular electrically conductive, polymer with covalently and / or ionically, in particular covalently bonded, sulfur.
- the cathode active material may include or be formed from a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite.
- the cathode active material may include or be formed from SPAN.
- SPAN can be understood in particular a based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN), in particular cyclized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN), composite or polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur, in particular which by a thermal reaction and / or chemical reaction of polyacrylonitrile in the presence of sulfur is available.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- cPAN cyclized polyacrylonitrile
- sulfur in particular which by a thermal reaction and / or chemical reaction of polyacrylonitrile in the presence of sulfur is available.
- nitrile groups can react to form a polymer, in particular with a conjugated ⁇ system, in which the nitrile groups form nitrogen-containing rings, in particular six-membered rings, which are attached to one another.
- SPAN in particular with covalently bonded sulfur.
- SPAN can be prepared by heating polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with a
- the separator and / or the protective layer may additionally have the function of a
- the anode may in particular be a lithium-metal anode.
- the separator and / or the protective layer and the cathode in particular in each case, at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, for example, a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte include
- Anode active material may include or be formed from a lithium intercalation material, for example graphite and / or amorphous carbon and / or lithium titanate, and / or a lithium alloy material, for example silicon and / or tin.
- the anode active material can be in particular in the form of, for example, spherical and / or elongated and / or flake-like and / or fibrous, particles formed and surrounded by the electrolyte.
- the anode comprises a particulate anode active material, for example a lithium intercalation material or lithium alloy material, the separator and / or the protective layer and the cathode and the anode, in particular respectively or all, at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer coefficient> 0, 7, in particular> 0.8,
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transmittance> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example> 0.9, for example the single-ion conductive polyelectrolyte, the separator and / or the protective layer and the cathode and optionally the anode do not necessarily have to be identical but can be tailored to the particular needs, for example with regard to solution behavior, voltage stability, volume work, et cetera, in the respective area of application of the cell, adapted and / or optimized.
- the cathode and / or the anode may further comprise at least one conductive additive.
- the at least one conductive additive of the cathode and / or the anode may, for example, comprise or be at least one carbon modification, for example carbon black and / or graphite.
- a percolating electrically conductive network can be formed or improved and in this way the electrical conductivity can be increased.
- the cathode and / or the anode can at least one cathode active material or
- Anode active material at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 and / or at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ion conductor, in particular single-ion conductor, and at least one Leitzusatz include.
- the separator and / or the protective layer and / or the cathode and / or the anode may, for example, comprise at least one lithium ion-conductive polymer, in particular a polyalkylene oxide, for example polyethylene oxide and / or polypropylene oxide, for example polyethylene oxide, and / or poly (oligoethylene glycol) methacrylate ( P- (OEGMA) and / or poly
- oligoethylene glycol acrylate, especially poly (oligoethylene glycol) methacrylate (P- (OEGMA).
- the cathode may optionally, in particular in addition to the at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte, at least one
- Liquid electrolytes for example from at least one solvent, for example at least one organic carbonate, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and / or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and / or diethyl carbonate (DEC), and at least one lithium conducting salt, for example
- organic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and / or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and / or diethyl carbonate (DEC)
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- Liquid electrolytes for example from at least one solvent, for example at least one organic carbonate, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and / or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and / or diethyl carbonate (DEC), and at least one lithium conducting salt, for example
- LiTFSI Lithium bis (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide
- LiTFSI LiTFSI, and / or at least one ionic liquid (English: lonic liquid).
- a liquid electrolyte and / or an ionic liquid can advantageously - while still sufficiently high
- the separator in particular according to the invention, can additionally assume the function of a barrier for the liquid components of the catholyte and / or of the anolyte. It can, in particular
- the cells according to the invention can be used in a battery for a vehicle, for example for an electric and / or hybrid vehicle, and / or for a consumer application, for example for a mobile device, such as a mobile computer and / or a tablet and / or or a smartphone.
- a vehicle for example for an electric and / or hybrid vehicle
- a consumer application for example for a mobile device, such as a mobile computer and / or a tablet and / or or a smartphone.
- the invention relates to a copolymer and / or polymer mixture (blend) and / or a polymer electrolyte, in particular for a lithium cell, for example for a lithium-sulfur cell or a lithium-ion cell, and / or for a solid cell.
- the copolymer comprises at least one
- the polymer mixture may in particular be at least one polymer having a lithium ion conversion number> 0.7, in particular> 0.8, for example > 0.9, in particular at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte, and at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer.
- the polymer electrolyte can thereby at least at least one
- the polymer electrolyte may further comprise at least one mechanically stabilizing repeating unit and / or at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer.
- polymer electrolyte can be based on one, for example, such a copolymer and / or one, for example, such, a polymer blend (blend).
- Repeating unit in particular at least one styrene-based
- Repeat unit and / or the at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer include or be a styrene-based polymer.
- the at least one repeating unit comprises or is for forming a polymer with a
- Polymer electrolytes a borate-based unit and / or a sulfonic acid-based unit and / or an imide-based, in particular sulfonylimide-based, unit and / or a unit based on lithiated acrylic acid and / or
- the at least one styrene-based repeat unit and / or the at least one polymer can be synthesized, for example, by polymerization of styrene and / or o-methylstyrene and / or p-methylstyrene and / or mt-butoxystyrene and / or 2,4-dimethylstyrene and / or m -Chlorostyrene and / or p-chlorostyrene and / or 4-carboxystyrene and / or vinylanisole and / or vinylbenzoic acid and / or vinylaniline and / or vinylnaphthalene and / or analogs.
- the at least one repeating unit for forming a polymer with a lithium ion transfer ratio> 0.7 can be designed in particular for forming a single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte.
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transference number> 0.7 may in particular be a single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte.
- the at least one repeating unit for forming a single-ion-conducting polyelectrolyte may, for example, a borate-based unit and / or a sulfonic acid-based unit and / or an imide-based, in particular sulfonylimide-based, unit and / or a unit
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular> 0.9, or the at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte may, for example, be a borate-based polyelectrolyte and / or a sulfonic acid-based polyelectrolyte and / or an imide-based, in particular Sulfonylimide-based, polyelectrolytes and / or a polyelectrolyte based on lithiated acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid include or be.
- the copolymer is a block copolymer.
- the block copolymer may comprise at least one, in particular single-ion conducting, block (bA, for example b-SIC) of at least one repeating unit to form a polymer with a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 (A, for example SIC) and at least one, in particular mechanically stabilizing block (bB, for example b-PS) comprising at least one mechanically stabilizing, in particular styrene-based, repeating unit.
- the copolymer further comprises at least one lithium ion-conductive repeating unit.
- the at least one lithium ion-conductive repeating unit can be an alkylene oxide unit, in particular an ethylene oxide unit (EO) and / or a propylene oxide unit (PO), in particular an ethylene oxide unit (EO), and / or a
- Oligoethylenglycolmethacrylat unit (OEGMA) and / or a
- Oligoethylenglycolacrylat unit in particular a
- Oligoethylenglycolmethacrylat unit include or be.
- the polymer mixture further comprises at least one lithium ion conductive
- the at least one lithium ion-conductive polymer is a polyalkylene oxide, in particular polyethylene oxide and / or polypropylene oxide, in particular polyethylene oxide, and / or poly (oligoethylenglycol) methacrylate (P- (OEGMA) and / or poly (oligoethylenglycol) acrylate, in particular poly (oligoethylenglycol ) methacrylate (P- (OEGMA), include or be.
- the block copolymer may further comprise at least one, in particular lithium ion-conductive, block of at least one
- lithium ion conductive repeating unit lithium ion conductive repeating unit
- the block copolymer may be a di-block copolymer (bAbB, for example b-SIC-b-PS) or a tri-block copolymer (bAbBbA or bB-bAbB, for example b-SIC-b-PS-b- SIC or b-PS-b-SIC-b-PS) or multi-block copolymer (bAbCbBbCbA, for example b-SIC-b-OEGMA / / EO / PO-b-PS-b-OEGMA / EO / PO-b -SIC).
- bAbB di-block copolymer
- bAbBbA or bB-bAbB for example b-SIC-b-PS-b- SIC or b-PS-b-SIC-b-PS
- bAbCbBbCbA for example b-SIC-b-OEGMA / / EO / PO-b-PS-b-OEGMA / EO
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through an embodiment of a lithium cell according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a graph illustrating the relationship between a minimum necessary transfer number (t + m in) for a cathodic
- Polymer electrolytes in a cell to achieve 1C, 2C and 3C rate capability of the cell.
- a lithium cell 1 shows a lithium cell 1, in particular in the form of a solid cell, which comprises a cathode 2 and an anode 3, wherein between the cathode 2 and the anode 3, a separator 4 is arranged.
- the anode 3 is a lithium-metal anode of metallic lithium.
- the separator 4 also fulfills the function of a protective layer against dendrite formation from the anode 3.
- the separator 4 comprises in particular at least one polymer with a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7.
- the separator 4 for this purpose may comprise at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte.
- the separator 4 may comprise a borate-based polyelectrolyte and / or a sulfonic acid-based polyelectrolyte and / or an imide-based, in particular sulfonylimide-based, polyelectrolyte and / or a
- the separator 4 may comprise at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ion conductor, in particular single-ion conductor, with a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, for example a lithium argyrodite and / or a sulfidic glass (not shown).
- the cathode 2 comprises a, in particular particulate
- Cathode-active material 5 for example based on metal oxide, such as nickel-cobalt-aluminum-oxide (NCA), nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (NCM), high-energy nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (HE-NCM), lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) and / or
- metal oxide such as nickel-cobalt-aluminum-oxide (NCA), nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (NCM), high-energy nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (HE-NCM), lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) and / or
- High-voltage spinel (HV-LMO), or based on sulfur, and, in particular as catholyte 6, at least one polymer with a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7 and / or at least one, in particular ceramic and / or glassy, inorganic ion conductor, in particular single ion conductor , with a lithium ion transfer coefficient> 0.7.
- the cathode 2 for this purpose may comprise at least one single-ion conductive polyelectrolyte and / or at least one lithium argyrodite and / or sulfidic glass.
- the cathode 2 may comprise a borate-based polyelectrolyte and / or a sulfonic acid-based polyelectrolyte and / or an imide-based, in particular sulfonylimide-based, polyelectrolyte and / or a
- the cathode 2 comprises a conductive additive 7, for example carbon black and / or graphite, for improving the electrical conductivity of the cathode 2.
- the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer coefficient> 0.7, in particular the at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte, of the separator 4 and the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular the at least one single-ion conductive polyelectrolyte, the cathode 2 can different or possibly at least similar.
- FIG. 1 further shows that the cathode 2 is equipped with a current collector 8.
- the separator 4 comprises a
- Polymer mixture comprises at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte, and at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer.
- the at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer comprises at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer number> 0.7, in particular at least one single-ion conducting polyelectrolyte, and at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer.
- Repeat unit at least one styrene-based repeating unit and / or the at least one mechanically stabilizing polymer comprise or be at least one styrene-based polymer.
- the cathode 2 differs from each other that the at least one polymer having a lithium ion transfer ratio> 0.7 of the cathode 2 is free of a mechanically stabilizing, for example styrene-based, repeating unit and / or a mechanically stabilizing, especially styrene-based, polymer.
- the cathode 2 may also be different or, in particular, at least similar to each other or may even be the same.
- Figure 2 illustrates the results of calculations in which minimum required lithium ion transfer numbers t + m in a cathodic
- Separator as a classical polymer electrolyte, for example PEO / LiTFSI, with a conductivity of 4 e “4 S / cm, a salt diffusion coefficient of 1 e " 12 m 2 / s and a lithium ion transference number t + of 0.25 and its transport properties are not varied, and with a cathode having a loading of 4 mAh / cm 2 and which also contains a polymer electrolyte, for example PEO / LiTFSI, whose However, transport properties were varied.
- the conductivity I and the diffusion coefficient D of a conducting salt in the polymer electrolyte of the cathode were varied from the transport properties of the polymer electrolyte of the cathode.
- FIG. 2 shows the results for simulated charging processes with constant C rate, namely for IC in curve 10, for 2C in curve 11 and for 3C in curve 12.
- Curve 12 can be interpreted in Figure 2 at about 1 e "2 S / cm to the effect that a transfer coefficient t + > 0.5 is required for a constant current charge of 3 C.
- a transfer coefficient t + > 0.5 is required for a constant current charge of 3 C.
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Abstract
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015224345.1A DE102015224345A1 (de) | 2015-12-04 | 2015-12-04 | SIC-Separator und SIC-Zelle |
PCT/EP2016/078627 WO2017093107A1 (de) | 2015-12-04 | 2016-11-24 | Sic-separator und sic-zelle |
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EP (1) | EP3384541A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN108292727A (de) |
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DE102007048289A1 (de) * | 2007-10-08 | 2009-04-09 | Universität Siegen | Lithium-Argyrodite |
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DE102013219602A1 (de) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Herstellungsverfahren für Lithium-Zellen-Funktionsschicht |
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CN106935904B (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2019-07-19 | 中山大学 | 一种基于功能化硼酸锂盐的锂单离子传导聚合物电解质 |
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2015
- 2015-12-04 DE DE102015224345.1A patent/DE102015224345A1/de active Pending
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2016
- 2016-11-24 CN CN201680070536.8A patent/CN108292727A/zh active Pending
- 2016-11-24 US US15/780,997 patent/US20200274124A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-11-24 EP EP16805039.1A patent/EP3384541A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-11-24 WO PCT/EP2016/078627 patent/WO2017093107A1/de unknown
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EP3796429A4 (de) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-08-11 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Lithium-metall-batterie |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2017093107A1 (de) | 2017-06-08 |
CN108292727A (zh) | 2018-07-17 |
DE102015224345A1 (de) | 2017-06-08 |
US20200274124A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
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