EP3383576A1 - Laserstrahl-bearbeitungsvorrichtung mit einer einkoppelvorrichtung zum einkoppeln eines fokussierten laserstrahls in einen flüssigkeitsstrahl - Google Patents
Laserstrahl-bearbeitungsvorrichtung mit einer einkoppelvorrichtung zum einkoppeln eines fokussierten laserstrahls in einen flüssigkeitsstrahlInfo
- Publication number
- EP3383576A1 EP3383576A1 EP16802113.7A EP16802113A EP3383576A1 EP 3383576 A1 EP3383576 A1 EP 3383576A1 EP 16802113 A EP16802113 A EP 16802113A EP 3383576 A1 EP3383576 A1 EP 3383576A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- section
- liquid jet
- cross
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
- B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
- B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
- B23K26/1436—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for pressure control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/146—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece
Definitions
- the invention relates! a laser beam processing apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the laser technology is increasingly used for material processing of workpieces on the surfaces thereof and is used for cutting, drilling, welding, marking, engraving and for surface removal of material on a workpiece to be machined .
- the advantage of laser technology is that almost all materials can be processed, such as metals, metal alloys, ceramics, even diamonds including synthetic diamonds, carbon fibers, sapphires, quartz, glass, plastics, and others.
- the laser beam In order for the laser beam to realize the processing task reliably, the laser beam must be focused as much as possible so that sufficient energy is available for workpiece machining at the location of machining of the workpiece.
- a laser beam which is focused is coupled into a fluid jet, which may be as thin as a human hair, or preferably.
- the actual coupling of the laser beam into the liquid jet is realized in a coupling unit.
- the coupling unit is known to consist of a metal chamber which is closed on the side of the focusing lens for the laser beam by means of a laser protection window. On the opposite side of the chamber carries a nozzle.
- the liquid supplied to the coupling unit flows between the protective window and the nozzle and leaves the nozzle in the form of a liquid jet. In this case, the energy of the focused laser beam to a point in the focal plane is trapped within the liquid jet and guided to the processing site on the workpiece by means of the liquid jet.
- the advantage of this type of application of the laser beam to the processing surface of the workpiece eliminates the need to precisely control the distance of the workpiece relative to the location of the nozzle for generating the liquid jet, since the energy required for processing in the area of the entire laminar liquid jet is present.
- any liquid can be used which has a suitable light conductibility. Numerous measures for improving the behavior and improving the effectiveness of the laser beam used have been made for these known laser beam processing devices as part of their development and further development.
- the coupling unit below the nozzle for the generation of the liquid jet has a passage chamber which downwardly in the direction of the exit of the liquid jet from this passage chamber a funnel-shaped taper in which a gas is introduced and which has an existing at the exit point, the gas flow-forming nozzle.
- the gas flow at the outlet is formed by the funnel-shaped design of the passage chamber so that it envelops the liquid jet and thus largely preserved from fanning. For this it is necessary that the passage chamber is under a certain pressure.
- the coating gas stream is intended to reduce the friction of the liquid jet to the surrounding air so as to improve the coherence of the liquid jet.
- the envelope gas flow In order for the envelope gas flow to be fair, its pressure and flow characteristics can only be varied within relatively narrow limits.
- the kinetic energy of which is not sufficient, especially for cavities in the workpiece in which the liquid collects quickly. Therefore, the laser beam coupled into the liquid jet must first penetrate through liquid accumulated on the workpiece surface until it reaches the surface to be processed. As a result, its workability on the workpiece surface is considerably limited.
- WO 2015087209 A2 describes a coupling-in unit in which the gas which is to displace the liquid on the workpiece surface is separated from the liquid jet or is spaced therefrom by a certain amount.
- This gas jet is designed as a ring beam and envelops the liquid jet. Within the ring jet of the gas, the liquid jet is formed as a free jet.
- a so-called insert is inserted in the coupling device, by means of which a passage chamber for the liquid jet is formed, which is separated from a arranged on the outer circumference of the insert second chamber, the pressure chamber for the gas, ie separated is.
- this known coupling device further comprises a second gas source is provided, from which to a relatively small extent, at least to a much lesser extent than for the ring beam to displace the liquid is required on the workpiece surface, an auxiliary gas is introduced into the füreriem mer for the liquid jet whose task is to protect the liquid jet in a certain way only on the surface.
- the insert is retracted at its lower outlet end, which is arranged opposite the nozzle in which the liquid jet is generated.
- a disadvantage of this known device is that gas particles or air particles entrained by the liquid jet, in addition to the auxiliary gas, can be carried out of the passage chamber to the outside, so that a negative pressure or vacuum can definitely arise in the passage chamber.
- a negative pressure can cause the liquid jet, if a critical value of the negative pressure is reached in the passage chamber, possibly even completely fanned and thus its actual function is interrupted.
- WO 2015087209 A2 according to a further exemplary embodiment describes that bores are provided in the insert between the supply line or the pressure chamber of the surface gas jet and the passage chamber for the liquid jet. These holes should compensate for the pressure in the passage chamber with respect to the external pressure.
- these balancing bores do not take into account the circumstance, and this aspect is also not described in this known coupling device according to this prior art, that the pressure in the passage chamber from the upper region, which faces the nozzle for the generation of the liquid jet, and the lower Range from which the liquid jet emerges varies.
- the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the devices according to the prior art and to achieve a further improvement of the effectiveness of the processing and the reliability of the coupling device.
- the laser beam processing device has a coupling device for coupling a focused laser beam into a liquid jet having a defined cross section.
- the coupling device has a housing in which a liquid nozzle is provided, which forms the liquid jet.
- the housing has an outlet opening through which the liquid jet previously exited and formed from the liquid nozzle emerges from the housing.
- the cross section of the outlet opening is larger than the cross section of the liquid jet.
- the cross-section of the at least one throttle bore and a resulting outlet opening cross-section, which is defined by the cross-section of the outlet opening is defined around the cross-section of the liquid jet jet, which no direct enclosure by a gas jet at its exit from and during its passage through the passage chamber and has also after its exit from the outlet opening, dimensioned such that there is no overpressure in the passage chamber relative to the pressure in the pressure chamber.
- the pressure in the pressure chamber is greater than the external pressure.
- the throttle bore is dimensioned so that there is no overpressure in the passage chamber compared to the external pressure.
- the throttle bore realizes such an overflow from the pressure chamber into the passage chamber that a negative pressure is formed or created there which does not exceed the pressure in the pressure chamber. Since overflow of the gas from the pressure chamber into the passage chamber occurs via the throttle bore under a pressure drop due to dimensioning, it is now provided according to the invention that the cross section of the throttle bore and the resulting outlet opening cross section are dimensioned in such a way and that pressure conditions in the passage chamber are adjusted. which, even after prolonged operation, reduces the pressure to a critical pressure, otherwise the liquid jet! would break up, is avoided.
- the kineti- see energy of the liquid jet is high enough that in the case of, for example, flat or convex surfaces to be processed, the transported with the liquid jet to the processing point water or the liquid transported there can easily run, so that in the liquid jet Coupled laser can be guided directly to the processing surface, without having to penetrate a negative impact on the effectiveness of the processing water column.
- the average pressure in the passage chamber is slightly less than or at most equal to the ambient pressure, but in no case greater than the ambient pressure in the sense of overpressure.
- the device can work reliably without contaminant particles getting into the interior of the passage chamber and, nevertheless, the water impinging on the workpiece surface with the liquid jet can be removed from there.
- the Einkoppe device a so-called insert is present, which separates the passage chamber of the pressure chamber - with the exception of both chambers Drosseibohrung - .
- the gas acting on the pressure chamber is preferably via a passage region which between the outside of the insert and the Housing is formed outwardly preferably in the form of a ring-shaped gas jet. Although this annularly formed gas jet surrounds the liquid jet, it does not touch it, at least not in the region of the exit of the liquid jet from the coupling-in device.
- This gas jet is designed in the manner of an airjet and has such a kinetic energy that at the processing location of the laser beam on the workpiece itself in cavities present in the workpiece, the liquid accumulated there can be kept away from the processing location of the laser.
- the separation between the passage chamber and the pressure chamber thus offers the advantage of leaving the laminar region or the laminar length of the liquid jet as undisturbed as possible until it hits the work piece on the workpiece, but equally making available an air jet by means of which to displace the existing water on the workpiece, ie, so to speak, to blow free the processing surface of the workpiece.
- the separation of passage chamber and pressure chamber it is also possible to adjust the respectively required parameters for the liquid, the pressure conditions in the chambers as well as for the gas for the Airjet so that optimal processing results can be achieved. Since in a coupling device according to the prior art both the air jet and the liquid jet emerge from a common nozzle, which forms the air jet on the liquid jet, this independent adjustment and influencing of the parameters of the fluids is not readily possible there.
- the throttle bores or the at least one throttle bore are preferably aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the insert. Other orientations of the throttle bores are also possible.
- the resulting outlet opening cross section is greater than the cross section of the at least one throttle bore, more preferably, the resulting outlet opening cross section is approximately twice as large as the cross section of the at least one throttle bore. So that the liquid jet can pass undisturbed through the interior of the insert, which is part of the passage chamber, the diameter of the insert for the passage of the liquid jet is many times greater than the diameter of the liquid jet.
- an aperture is provided at the outlet of the insert, so that a defined cross-section is present, which can be dimensioned in relation to the throttle bores.
- This aperture-like indentation at the outlet of the insert serves to adjust the pressure conditions in the passage chamber according to the invention so that on the one hand no overpressure compared to the pressure in the pressure chamber occurs, but on the other hand, the opening is only so large that a backflow of contaminants in the passage chamber minimized or is eliminated and the size of the diaphragm-like opening or the diaphragm-like intake is selected so that a corresponding pressure equalization in the passage chamber at the outlet end can be realized as well as in the region of the passage chamber, which on the side of the liquid nozzle the throttle bores is formed.
- the diameters of the throttle bores are chosen so small that in addition to the throttle effect when flowing through these throttle bores just so much pressure equalization is realized that there is no overpressure in the passage chamber with respect to the pressure in the pressure chamber or the external pressure.
- four throttle bores also for reasons of symmetry, are present, each having a diameter of 0.4 mm, ie. real throttle holes are.
- the cross section of each individual throttle bore is therefore 0.125 mm 2 , so that the total cross section of the throttle bores amounts to 0.5 mm 2 .
- the resulting outlet opening in the diameter range of 1, 2 to 1, 5 mm the associated resulting outlet opening area is about 1, 1 mm 2 , which is twice as large as the total cross-sectional area of all throttle holes.
- the throttle bores all have an equal cross section.
- the outlet of the pressure chamber is formed concentrically to the outlet opening in the insert for the liquid jet and as a gas outlet nozzle. This arrangement results in an annularly shaped jet for the gas, wherein the interior of this gas ring, the outside of the liquid jet is not touched, that is spaced therefrom.
- the at least one throttle bore or the plurality of throttle bores and the resulting outlet opening cross-section are dimensioned such that no negative pressure and no overpressure prevail in the passage chamber with respect to the external pressure.
- both the throttle bore and the resulting outlet opening cross-section are dimensioned so that both cross-sections are coordinated so that in the passage chamber a negative pressure, in particular a low negative pressure prevails, but which is so large that a defined critical value is not exceeded.
- a defined critical value is to be understood that this is the value of the negative pressure at which the liquid jet emerging from the liquid nozzle disintegrates and forms as a spray, thus no longer has a laminar length. This would interrupt the function of the laser processing device.
- the laser processing device can work continuously without interruption and without malfunction until the processing task is fulfilled, without the device must be switched off in between times or editing must be at least temporarily set to possibly reset the device on the processing task.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a method of adjusting a pressure in a liquid jet passage chamber of a laser processing apparatus disposed between a liquid jet generating liquid nozzle and a housing outlet opening.
- the coupled into the liquid jet for processing a workpiece surface laser beam exits together with the liquid jet from the liquid nozzle and passes through together with the liquid jet, the passage chamber.
- a throttle bore is provided, which is acted upon on its side facing away from the passage chamber with a gas in a pressure chamber whose pressure is greater than the pressure in the passage chamber, preferably greater than an external pressure outside the device.
- the passage chamber is limited relative to the liquid nozzle by an outlet opening for the liquid jet, wherein the outlet opening cross section is greater than the cross section of the liquid jet.
- the resulting opening cross-section which is reduced from the exit-opening cross-section defined by the diameter, to the cross-section of the liquid jet, is to be regarded as the outlet opening.
- the adjustment of the pressure in the passage chamber can preferably be achieved via a change in the gas pressure in the pressure chamber.
- the pressure in the passage chamber is adjusted by changing the cross-section of the throttle bore and / or the outlet opening cross-section.
- the pressure in the passage chamber can be adjusted by changing the relation of the cross section of the throttle bore to the outlet opening cross section.
- the pressure in the passage chamber is adjusted by changing the viscosity of the gas in the pressure chamber.
- the pressure in the passage chamber is adjusted so that no overpressure arises with respect to the external pressure and that more preferably with respect to the external pressure no negative pressure is created, so that there is essentially external pressure in the passage chamber.
- the pressure in the passage chamber is adjusted via the relation of the cross sections of the throttle bore and the resulting outlet opening and / or the viscosity of the gas in the pressure chamber as well as by the change in the pressure of the gas in the pressure chamber such that in the passage chamber a defined critical value of the negative pressure is not exceeded. This is particularly important because at too low a pressure in the passage chamber, the liquid jet from its laminar jet behavior can go into a spray form, whereby editing the workpiece surface is completely impossible.
- FIG. 1 shows a simplified, schematic view of a coupling device for a laser beam machining device according to the prior art
- Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a coupling device according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a coupling device according to the invention according to FIG. 2 during the machining of a workpiece surface in a cavity
- Figure 5 the Einkoppeivoroplasty invention according to Figure 2 with an enlarged view of liquid nozzles and insert with an indication of the fluid flows.
- the coupling device according to the prior art illustrated in FIG. 1 is used for a laser beam processing device, wherein in FIG. 1 a workpiece surface 14 is shown. is net, which is incident on a liquid jet 3 with coupled laser beam 2 for the processing thereof.
- a protective window 16 is provided to separate the dry portion of a laser beam 2 and the liquid portion of a liquid jet 3 from each other.
- a lens, not shown, serves to focus the laser beam 2 on the liquid jet.
- a liquid nozzle 5 is functionally connected to the protective window 16 while leaving a gap for receiving a liquid, such as a liquid.
- B. Water from a liquid source or liquid chamber 15 is coupled. The nozzle 5 has an opening through which the liquid emerges as a liquid jet 3.
- the nozzle 5 opens in the direction of a passage chamber 7, which serves inter alia to improve the laminar flow of the liquid jet 3.
- a gas source 20 an auxiliary gas stream 21 is fed into the passage chamber through a separate feed line.
- the auxiliary gas flows in the direction of the liquid jet 3 and surrounds this up to the outlet from the passage chamber 7.
- an insert 10 is provided below the nozzle 5, which closes the passage chamber 7 down and inside the liquid jet 3 leads.
- the insert 10 is designed such that on its exterior a pressure chamber 9 is formed, which serves to form an airjet or a gas jet 17 and which is acted upon by a gas source 19 in accordance with this gas.
- an annular gap is formed around the lower, protruding end of the insert 10, via which an annular airjet 17 exits and surrounds the liquid jet at a distance.
- the airjet 17 is formed parallel to the liquid jet 14.
- the insert has a physical
- the passage space 7 in the interior of the coupling device has a diameter or a cross section in the interior of the insert which is larger than the immediate exit cross section. cut of the insert through which the liquid jet leaves the insert coated with the auxiliary gas supplied by the gas source.
- the aperture-like diameter d 3 of the outlet opening of the insert is significantly smaller than the inner diameter d of the insert with this part of the passage chamber 7 formed there.
- FIG. 2 shows a coupling device 1 according to the invention which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
- This coupling device 1 according to a first exemplary embodiment has, in a manner known per se, a housing 4 in which a protective window 16 is provided above a liquid nozzle 5. Between the protective window 16 and the liquid nozzle 5, a gap is provided, in which the liquid, preferably water, is supplied to exit via the liquid nozzle 5 as a liquid jet 3 in the passage chamber 7 below the liquid nozzle 5.
- a converging by means of a lens, not shown, laser beam is introduced so that its focus is located directly in the liquid nozzle 5 and is coupled as a focused laser beam in the liquid nozzle 5 in the liquid jet 3.
- an insert 10 is provided in the interior of the housing 4 of the coupling device 1, which the passage chamber 7 for the water jet from a arranged around the outer surface of the insert 10 around pressure chamber 9 for a gas jet 17, which is also referred to as Airjet, separates. Opposite the housing and the outer surface of the insert 10, the insert 10 protrudes through a gas outlet nozzle 11, so that it is formed as an annular nozzle around the outer surface of the insert.
- the pressure chamber 9 is acted upon via a gas inlet, preferably an air supply, introduced into the housing.
- the ring-shaped gas jet 17 is intended to apply to the workpiece surface, not shown in FIG. 2, and there the liquid jet! 3 to displace conveyed water or the liquid conveyed to this workpiece surface, so that the liquid jet with the laser beam does not first penetrate a liquid wall or a liquid layer before the laser beam can reach the location for machining on the workpiece surface.
- an outlet opening 6 is provided, which corresponds to the inner diameter of the insert for the liquid jet 3 in FIG.
- This inner diameter of the insert is significantly larger than theticiansstechniksstrahi 3 itself, which is formed hair-thin.
- a collar-like flange is provided, in which throttle bores 8 are present.
- the throttle bores 8 have a very small diameter, d. H. a very small cross-sectional area and connect the pressure chamber 9 with the passage chamber 7.
- the throttle bores are aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the insert in this embodiment.
- the liquid jet which emerges from the liquid nozzle 5 at high speed and is guided through the passage chamber 7, permanently entrains air molecules.
- the liquid jet has a certain roughness on its surface, which causes entrainment of the air molecules.
- the pressure in the passage chamber 7 drops due to the discharge of air molecules. If the pressure reaches a defined critical value, ie negative pressure, there is a risk that the liquid jet will fan out, ie change into a spray-like form, which is also referred to as critical jet evaporation point.
- the coupling device 1 in the collar-like flange of the insert the formation of throttle bores 8 is provided.
- These throttle bores make it possible to compensate for the possibly arising negative pressure in the passage chamber 7 with respect to the gas pressure in the pressure chamber 9.
- this larger diameter has the disadvantage that if there is a return flow into the interior of the passage chamber 7 dirt particles are conveyed in, which can accumulate on the nozzle and thus, after a certain period of operation, interrupt the reliable operation of the coupling device and clean it require.
- the gas jet 17, which exits via the annular gas outlet nozzle 11, is at a distance from the liquid jet 3, although it surrounds it in an annular manner, but initially has no direct contact with the liquid jet.
- the gas jet 17 serves to displace the liquid conveyed with the liquid jet 3 onto the workpiece surface, which is not shown in FIG. 2, so that the liquid introduced into the liquid jet 3 coupled laser beam 2 can strike the workpiece surface directly and without any obstacle.
- the ring-shaped gas jet 17 also serves to displace liquid accumulating in a cavity present in the workpiece surface, so that workpiece surfaces which lie within a cavity and which without a gas jet for displacement of the latter can also be processed with the device according to the invention At best, only a very limited amount of liquid would be processed.
- the passage cross section of the throttle bores 8 is dimensioned relative to the cross section of the outlet opening 6 and thus of the passage region of the liquid jet 3 through the insert according to this embodiment.
- This dimensioning is performed so that the outlet opening cross section of the outlet opening 6 is greater than the cross section of the throttle bores.
- this cross section is twice as large as that of the throttle bores.
- FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a coupling device 1 according to the invention, in which the impact of the liquid jet, in which the laser beam 2 is coupled, is directed onto and impinges on a workpiece surface 14 of a workpiece 12, without the liquid jet 3 passing through Liquid column must penetrate because the gas jet 17 meets the liquid collecting in the cavity 13 and discharges the liquid to be displaced 18 via the edge of the cavity to the outside. This ensures that the liquid jet impinges directly on the workpiece surface to be machined 14 at the bottom of the cavity.
- the basic structure of the coupling device 1 is very similar to that shown in FIG 2, so that the individual components will not be explained again here. In contrast to FIG.
- the insert 10 provided in this exemplary embodiment is provided with an outlet opening 6 that is smaller than the inner passage diameter.
- This outlet opening 6 is designed in the form of an aperture-like constriction or an aperture-like indentation and ensures that the outlet opening 6 is just of such a size that the liquid jet without sheathing with a gas jet is well inside the through-chamber 7 can leave, but too strong backflow of outside air or outside gas through the outlet opening 6 is minimized in the interior of the passage chamber 7 in due to an optionally developing negative pressure. This prevents or at least greatly reduces that dirt particles reach the interior of the passage chamber 7.
- the dimensioning of the cross sections of the throttle bores and the resulting outlet opening cross-section 6 is such that the pressure in the passage chamber formed as uniformly as possible and has such a value that in the passage chamber 7 either no overpressure to the external pressure or at least no pressure over the pressure in the pressure chamber 9 is present. In this way, it is prevented with the coupling device 1 according to the invention that even with prolonged operation in the passage chamber 7, a negative pressure is formed, which develops in the vicinity of a critical negative pressure, from which the liquid jet breaks up and becomes a spray, whereby the function the coupling device would no longer be guaranteed.
- the coupling device according to FIG. 3 is structurally particularly favorable or simple in comparison with that according to the prior art.
- FIG. 4 a shows a coupling device according to FIG. 3, without a gas jet 17 having to be provided.
- the workpiece surface to be machined is either convex or at least flat at the processing location, from where the water conveyed with the liquid jet to the processing site or the liquid conveyed can flow away.
- the advantage of machining a workpiece surface with a laser beam 2 coupled in a liquid jet 3 is that the laminar length of the liquid jet is greater than in the presence of an annular gas jet, as shown in FIG. 4b).
- the insert - as well as in the embodiment of Figure 3 - in the upper collar region throttle holes 8, which connect the passage space 7 with the pressure chamber 9, in which there is external pressure in the present embodiment.
- the liquid for the liquid jet 3 passes via a feed line and a liquid chamber 15 to the liquid nozzle 5, from which the liquid jet emerges and in which the laser beam 2 is coupled via a protective window 16.
- FIG. 4b shows a coupling device according to FIG. 4a), in which, however, a gas jet is additionally conveyed into the pressure chamber 9, which exits the coupling chamber 1 from the pressure chamber as an annular gas jet 17.
- the rest of the construction corresponds to that according to FIG. 4a). Since the annular gas jet fans out relatively quickly after it leaves the annular gas outlet nozzle, after a defined distance the annular gas jet contacts the liquid jet. From this point, the liquid jet 3 with respect to its laminarity disturbed, and the liquid jet 3 fanned out. This is also referred to as the atomization point for the liquid jet 3. It is clear from FIGS.
- the annular gas jet has the advantage of displacing liquid accumulating in a cavity of a workpiece to be machined, the liquid jet can reliably reach the processing site directly with the laser beam. However, because of its fanning, the annular gas jet reduces the laminar length of the liquid jet after it exits the exit opening 6 at the lower end of the insert 10.
- the laminar length of the liquid jet is particularly large and is, for example, approximately 50 mm.
- the laminar length in the embodiment according to Figure 4b) is smaller and is for example 30 to 35 mm. In both cases, however, this laminar length is sufficient because the distance between the exit of the liquid jet and the workpiece surface is generally about 20 mm.
- the annular airjet develops a good protective effect for the fluid jet and thus the laser beam coupled in up to the atomization point. This is important, for example, when the laser beam processing device with the coupling device is moved over the workpiece surface during processing and the protective effect of the airjet prevents the liquid jet from being deflected or deformed with the laser beam coupled in.
- FIG. 5 shows an inventive coupling device 1 according to FIG. 2, in which the pressure and flow conditions are indicated in the enlarged detail view for the area of the liquid nozzle 5, the passage space 7 and the insert 10. All other elements or components correspond to those according to FIG. 2 or also FIG. 3, so that they will not be discussed again here.
- the bracketed letters mean:
- the passage space 7 for the liquid jet 3 has a resulting output cross section A4, which is greater than the cross section of the throttle holes A3.
- the pressure equalization takes place to an otherwise forming negative pressure in the passage chamber 7 automatically.
- the average pressure level in the passage space 7 is less or at most equal to the external pressure. This can be the ambient pressure in many cases.
- the device according to the invention is encapsulated and operates under pressure, wherein, instead of air, a gas which meets the requirements can also be used.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102015224115.7A DE102015224115B4 (de) | 2015-12-02 | 2015-12-02 | Laserstrahl-bearbeitungsvorrichtung mit einer einkoppelvorrichtung zum einkoppeln eines fokussierten laserstrahls in einen flüssigkeitsstrahl |
PCT/EP2016/079305 WO2017093331A1 (de) | 2015-12-02 | 2016-11-30 | Laserstrahl-bearbeitungsvorrichtung mit einer einkoppelvorrichtung zum einkoppeln eines fokussierten laserstrahls in einen flüssigkeitsstrahl |
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US (1) | US10933491B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3383576A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102015224115B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017093331A1 (de) |
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CN108188596A (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-22 | 国轩新能源(苏州)有限公司 | 激光焊平面焊接用排烟式压紧夹具 |
WO2019162464A1 (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | Avonisys Ag | A method of machining a bore extending from an outer wall of a workpiece with liquid-jet guided laser beam |
CN108956377B (zh) * | 2018-05-08 | 2020-03-10 | 中国农业大学 | 一种食品流变特性检测方法 |
CN108956376B (zh) * | 2018-05-08 | 2020-04-28 | 中国农业大学 | 一种食品流变特性检测系统 |
DE102019103659B4 (de) * | 2019-02-13 | 2023-11-30 | Bystronic Laser Ag | Gasführung, Laserschneidkopf und Laserschneidmaschine |
CN112605528A (zh) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-06 | 淮阴工学院 | 一种微纳结构激光成形装置及成形方法 |
CN117086478A (zh) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-11-21 | 中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 | 一种环形水帘复合水导激光加工装置及方法 |
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-
2015
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-
2016
- 2016-11-30 US US15/780,705 patent/US10933491B2/en active Active
- 2016-11-30 EP EP16802113.7A patent/EP3383576A1/de active Pending
- 2016-11-30 WO PCT/EP2016/079305 patent/WO2017093331A1/de active Application Filing
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DE102015224115B4 (de) | 2021-04-01 |
US20180354072A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
WO2017093331A1 (de) | 2017-06-08 |
US10933491B2 (en) | 2021-03-02 |
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