EP3380445A1 - Kohlenstoff-metall verbundwerkstoff - Google Patents
Kohlenstoff-metall verbundwerkstoffInfo
- Publication number
- EP3380445A1 EP3380445A1 EP16816209.7A EP16816209A EP3380445A1 EP 3380445 A1 EP3380445 A1 EP 3380445A1 EP 16816209 A EP16816209 A EP 16816209A EP 3380445 A1 EP3380445 A1 EP 3380445A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- component
- metal
- coke
- green body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/522—Graphite
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
- C04B35/634—Polymers
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
- C04B41/5127—Cu, e.g. Cu-CuO eutectic
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
- C04B41/515—Other specific metals
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/88—Metals
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5296—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes with a defined aspect ratio, e.g. indicating sphericity
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6026—Computer aided shaping, e.g. rapid prototyping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/94—Products characterised by their shape
- C04B2235/945—Products containing grooves, cuts, recesses or protusions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a three-dimensional, component made of a composite material containing carbon and metal, a method for producing the component and the use of the component.
- Metal composites also referred to below as "MMC" for metal matrix composites
- MMC metal matrix composites
- Metals typically have higher density, higher strength and stiffness, high thermal conductivity, and excellent chemical resistance High electrical conductivity
- metals are usually liquid and gas-tight.
- EP 1 055 650 B1 describes a carbon-based MMC prepared by infiltration of a carbon body with a molten metal under pressure.
- the carbon body is obtained by mixing a filler such as natural graphite or calcined petroleum coke with a binder such as pitch or resin, molding and then carbonizing, optionally re-densifying and
- the shape of the carbon body no complex structures such as undercuts and cavities, for example, internal cooling channels can be produced. Furthermore, by the usual, always a compacting-containing shaping process in the production of the carbon body usually those with high density (greater 1, 6 g / cm 3 ) produced. These lead to MMC components with high carbon content and thus equivalent, low metal content. However, an increase in the volume fraction of the metal is desirable for applications in which high thermal and electrical conductivity is required.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a carbon body for the metal infiltration with lower densities so as to be able to increase the metal content in the MMC component.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbon body suitable for infiltration with metal, which can have any complex structure, such as having undercuts and voids, and is simple and inexpensive to produce.
- Another object of the present invention It is therefore an object to provide an isotropic carbon body for metal infiltration.
- a carbon body produced by means of 3D printing from carbon particles can be suitable for infiltration with metals.
- the present invention therefore relates, in a first aspect, to a method for producing a three-dimensional component from a composite material comprising carbon and metal, comprising the following steps:
- a) providing a pulverulent composition comprising one or more constituents which are selected from the group consisting of amorphous carbon, graphite and their mixed forms,
- step c) planar deposition of a layer from the material provided in a) and local deposition of droplets of the material provided in b) to this layer and any repeated repeating step c), wherein the local deposition of the droplets in the respective subsequent repetitions of this step accordingly adapted to the desired shape of the component to be manufactured,
- the powdery composition according to the invention can be both a powder of primary particles and a granulate.
- planar deposition of a layer from the material provided in a) and the local deposition of droplets of the material provided in b) are repeated as often as desired.
- Obtaining a green body having the desired shape of the component is to be understood in the context of the present invention as follows. After curing or drying of the binder, the green body is still surrounded by a powder bed, also called powder bed, from loose particles of the powdered composition. The green body must therefore be removed from the powder bed or separated from the loose, unbound particles.
- unpacking of the printed component, which can be followed by a (fine) cleaning of the green body, in order to remove any adhering particle residues from the loose particles with a high performance nipple, however, the kind of unpacking is not particularly limited and any known methods can be used.
- step e) before impregnation comprises impregnating the green body with a carbon source.
- a carbon source is a substance which forms a carbon residue when heated to 800 ° C., excluding oxidizing substances, whose mass is at least 20% of the mass (in the case of solutions, the dry matter). the substance used is.
- Preferred carbon sources are phenolic resins, furan resins, sugars or pitches. These can also be used as solutions, as required for example in sugar.
- step e) the impregnation of the green body with a carbon source and the subsequent carbonation in step e) in situ, that is, in one step, by means of chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) is performed.
- CVI chemical vapor infiltration
- a hydrocarbon gas is used as the carbon source and the vapor deposition typically proceeds at about 700 ° C to 1300 ° C.
- this preferred variant of step e) is repeated at least once so as to further increase the density of the carbon network.
- the step d) comprises carbonizing the green body at a temperature of at least 500 ° C.
- the carbonation according to step e) takes place at a temperature of at least 200 ° C. above the melting temperature of the metal in accordance with step f). This ensures that during later metal infiltration no outgassing occurs in the carbonized green body, which could disturb the metal infiltration process.
- graphitization of the carbonized green body takes place after step e) at a temperature of at least 2000 ° C., more preferably at least 2400 ° C. This leads to even higher levels of thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity as well as improved slip properties due to the graphitic structure that is thereby obtained. If the green body is subjected to this graphitization, the aforementioned carbonization automatically takes place during heating to the selected graphitization temperature. Carbonization and graphitization are therefore preferably carried out in one step for economic reasons, but they can also be carried out separately.
- the infiltration of the carbonized green body with a metal at a temperature of at least 100 ° C, preferably at least 200 ° C above the melting temperature of the Metal. This increases the wetting of the carbon with metal and the metal becomes less viscous, which facilitates penetration of the molten metal into the pores of the carbon body.
- the at least carbonized green body which is ready for use for metal infiltration is also referred to as carbon body in the context of the invention.
- the powdery composition comprises acetylene coke, flexioks, fluid coke, shot coke, coal tar coke, petroleum coke, soot coke, synthetic graphite, spheroidal graphite, microcrystalline natural graphite, carbonized ion exchange resin beads or granules of coke, with further preference consist of these or their mixture.
- Particle width / particle length are approximately spherical, that is round. This leads to improved processability in 3D printing, as well as to more homogeneous and isotropic properties of the 3D printed components.
- Acetylenkoks Flexikoks, Fluidkoks and Shot Coke, as they are compared to graphite, because of their greater hardness, more resistant to wear.
- These types of coke are also advantageous because their particles approaching spherical shape, so are round. This leads to a further improved processability in 3D printing, as well as to more homogeneous and isotropic properties of the 3D printed components.
- Acetylene coke is most preferred in this respect since it has few impurities and a particularly spherical shape.
- Acetylene coke is most preferred in this respect since it has few impurities and a particularly spherical shape.
- Acetylene coke is still the most preferred because this type of coke is particularly pure.
- the ash value is about 0.01%, and the metallic contaminants, such as Na, Ni, Fe and V, are typically well below 50 ppm throughout.
- Flexikoks have an ash value in the range of 1%.
- Above-mentioned metallic impurities are in the range of several 100 ppm up to more than 1000 ppm. Many of these impurities have a catalytic effect on the oxidation behavior of the material.
- Impurities e.g. Nickel oxides
- the acetylene coke forming tools of the present invention have a particularly high green density and a higher breaking strength than those of e.g. Flexikoks.
- the most preferred embodiment according to the invention therefore represents a shaping tool according to the invention, in which the carbon particles contained therein comprise acetylene coke or, preferably, consist of acetylene coke.
- Fluid cokes and flexikoks are based on crude oil processing. After atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, the residue is coked with the so-called fluid coking or flexi coking, both of which characteristically take place in a continuous fluidized bed, resulting in largely spherical particles.
- Acetylene coke falls as a waste product, first green, ie containing volatile constituents, in the acetylene production, which is described for example in DE 29 47 005 A1.
- Shot Coke is an isotropic type of coke whose particles tend to have a spherical shape and are partly onion-shell-like (see: Paul J. Ellis, "Shot Coke", Light Metals, 1996, pages 477-484). Carbon black is produced by coking a mixture of carbon black and pitch and then grinding it. Since the soot particles themselves are very small, usually in the nanometer range, milled soot coke particles automatically obtain an approximately circular geometry with isotropic properties.
- fine-grained graphite is preferred because of its low anisotropy.
- the particles of ground fine-grained graphite also automatically obtain an approximately circular geometry.
- Spheroidal graphite is based on natural graphite and represents a granulate of natural graphite flakes with a carbon-containing binder. This also has an approximately spherical geometry. Spheroidal graphite is particularly preferred when the component is to have a particularly high thermal conductivity. The spheroidal graphite may also be in carbonized or graphitized form.
- Granules of coke are granulates of all kinds of coke with a polymeric binder. Granules are preferred because particles of approximately round geometry are also obtained by the granulation.
- the powdery composition according to step a) has a particle size (d50) between 3 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 350 ⁇ m, and most preferably between 100 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m.
- d50 means that 50% of the particles are smaller than the specified value
- the d50 value was determined with the aid of the laser granulometric method (ISO 13320), using a measuring device from Sympatec GmbH with associated evaluation software.
- the process is more costly, since correspondingly more layers must be applied.
- Coarser particle sizes in turn lead to correspondingly larger carbon regions in the component, which can adversely affect the mechanical properties.
- the Coke are ground.
- the desired grain size, or the desired particle size range is preferably obtained by screening and selection of the appropriate sieve fraction.
- the granulation (d99) of the pulverulent composition corresponds at most to 4 times, preferably at most 3 times, more preferably at most 2.5 times the value of the d50 value. This results in less coarse grains and a narrower grain size distribution, which favors safe printing and trouble-free powder application.
- d99 means that 99% of the particles are smaller than the specified value, using the same method as that used in determining the d50 value to determine the d99 value.
- the particles of the pulverulent composition in the particle size range of the d50 value preferably have on average a form factor (particle width / particle length) of at least 0.5, preferably at least 0.6, more preferably at least 0.7 and most preferably at least 0.8.
- the form factor is the ratio of particle width to particle length.
- the particle size range of the d50 value is understood to mean the range of d50 +/- 10%.
- the advantage of nearly round particles is the reliable 3D printing, trouble-free powder application and the lower tendency for crack indexing under thermomechanical stress.
- the form factor was determined according to ISO 13322-2 using a so-called Camsizer device from Retsch Technology.
- the particles are determined and compared with regard to their width and length.
- the form factor can alternatively be determined by means of micrographs with associated image analysis.
- the coke it is possible, for example, for the coke to be admixed with a liquid activator such as, for example, a liquid sulfuric acid activator.
- a liquid activator such as, for example, a liquid sulfuric acid activator.
- the curing time and the necessary temperature for curing the binder can be reduced, on the other hand, the dust formation of the powdered composition is reduced.
- the amount of activator is from 0.05% to 3% by weight, more preferably from 0.1% to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of coke and activator.
- the liquid binder in step b) is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for 3D printing in terms of its viscosity. Possible binders include phenolic resin, furan resin, cellulose, starch, sugar or silicates, especially water glass. It can also be available as a solution. According to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the liquid binder in step b) comprises phenol resin, furan resin or water glass, most preferably phenolic resin and furan resin, since the corresponding green bodies have a particularly high stability.
- the proportion of the binder in the green body after step d) is 2 to 35 wt .-%, preferably 3 to 25 wt .-% and most preferably 3 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the green body.
- the metal used for the infiltration is not particularly limited. Basically, all known metals and alloys based in MMC components of carbon or graphite are used.
- preferred metals are magnesium, aluminum, antimony, copper, copper-tin bronzes, copper-zinc alloys, nickel, zinc, lead, silver, iron and their alloys with one or more carbide-forming alloying elements from the group of zirconium, aluminum, silicon and titanium ,
- Another aspect of the present invention is a three-dimensional component made of a composite material containing carbon and metal, which can be produced by the method according to the invention.
- the component according to the invention is characterized by its high metal content, since the porosity of the 3D printed carbon body is significantly higher than that of conventionally produced carbon bodies for metal infiltration. Furthermore, the carbon particles are distributed in a high isotropy in the component.
- imperfectly round particles always align in the flow direction of the mass to be formed, which results in anisotropy. Due to the virtually unpressurized layer-by-layer construction of the component according to the invention in 3D printing, a homogeneous structure is obtained and there is no longer any preferential orientation in the microstructure. Furthermore, the possibilities of shaping the component by the 3D printing in its complexity are virtually unlimited.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a three-dimensional component of a composite material containing carbon and metal, which comprises between 40 and 75 vol .-% carbon in at least partially particulate form and these carbon particles in the particle size range of d50 value on average a form factor (particle width / Particle length) of at least 0.5, preferably at least 0.6, more preferably at least 0.7 and most preferably at least 0.8, and the residual volume to at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% with a metal matrix is filled.
- the percentages in% by volume are more useful here than in% by weight, as the possible metals that can be used here are so different in their respective densities that the weight percentages make no sense would.
- the volume fraction of carbon It is easy to determine the concentration of the open porosity of the carbon body ready for metal infiltration (based on DIN 51918).
- the volume fraction of the metal is easy to determine by determining the mass increase in the metal infiltration. If the density of the metal or alloy is known, the volume is obtained directly. Since this component can be produced by the method according to the invention, all definitions or preferred embodiments mentioned in connection with the method apply analogously.
- the powdery composition or are the carbon particles, bound with free carbon and provides, or provide, so in the component is a continuous, cohesively connected carbon network.
- the component has cavities or undercuts and consists overall of a uniform structure of the components. More preferably, the component has cooling channels.
- the component is monolithic and the cooling channels can take any shape. This is particularly advantageous for, for example, continuous casting molds, because in this case an active, direct cooling can be provided near the heat source. As a result, a more effective cooling can be achieved, whereby the continuous casting can proceed faster.
- the more effective cooling also has the advantage, with constant continuous casting speed, that the shaped metal cools faster and as a result a finer microstructure of the dendrites can be established and thus a harder metal can be produced.
- the component has electrical conductivity and has a specific electrical resistance of at most 500 ⁇ -hrr m.
- the component preferably has an E-modulus in the range of at least 20 GPa.
- the modulus of elasticity was determined from the linear initial slope of the bending curve from the three-point bending test of the samples to determine the bending strength.
- the component has a strength of at least 15 MPa. The strength was determined by the 3-point bending method based on DIN 51902.
- the component has a thermal expansion coefficient measured in accordance with DIN 51909 between room temperature and 200 ° C, of at most 8 ⁇ / ( ⁇ * ⁇ ).
- the component has a thermal conductivity at room temperature of at least 10 W / (m * K), more preferably of at least 20 W / (m * K), and particularly preferably of at least 50 W / (m * K), wherein the measurement was carried out in accordance with DIN 51908.
- the component has cavities, cooling channels or undercuts and consists overall of a uniform structure of the components. Curved, for example, serpentine cooling channels are particularly preferably present in the monolithic component. Such structures can not be produced with the known shaping methods mentioned above. Due to its advantageous properties mentioned, the component according to the invention is suitable for a large number of applications.
- Another aspect of the present invention therefore provides the use of a component as a sliding material, such as plain bearings, mechanical seal, as a gear, as a compressor component, as a cam, as a transmission, as a sliding plate and sliding tube of flexible waves, as an electrical sliding contact, as a spark erosion electrode , as piston and piston sleeves, as a continuous casting mold and as a heat sink.
- the component according to the invention can, with or without cooling channels, also be used as a cooling element in electronics.
- the carbon and graphite part can preferably be used to set the lowest possible thermal expansion coefficient. The higher the carbon or graphite content, the lower the thermal expansion coefficient of the component. As a result, the lowest-tension possible connection with the electronic components to be cooled can be generated.
- the metal contained in the component in particular, assumes the cooling function due to its high thermal conductivity.
- Calcined acetylene coke was subjected to a protective sieve with a sieve size of 0.4 mm as received without grinding.
- the coke powder was added in the first step with 0.35 wt .-% of a sulfuric acid liquid activator for phenolic resin based on the total weight of coke and activator and processed with a 3D-pressure powder bed machine.
- a rack unit deposits a thin powder cooktop on a flat powder bed (approx.
- the powder bed is placed in a preheated oven at 140 ° C and held there for about 6 hours.
- a component is mentioned here, it goes without saying that this does not mean that In this case, the phenolic resin cures and forms a dimensionally stable, porous green body
- the excess coke powder is sucked off after cooling and removed from the green body of the component.
- the scholargroper thus prepared had a density of 0.96 g / cm 3. The density was determined geometrically (by weighing and determination of the geometry).
- the green body had a resin content of 3% by weight, which was determined by a carbonation treatment.
- the procedure was such that the carbon yield of the cured resin component used was previously determined by means of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to 58 wt .-%. Due to the mass loss of the green body after the subsequent carbonization at 900 ° C under a protective gas atmosphere for 1 hour, then the original resin content in the green body could be calculated.
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- the green specimens were then impregnated with a phenolic resin to give a density of 1.2 g / cm 3 . Subsequently, the resin-impregnated test specimens were carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere at 900 ° C, resulting in a density of 1, 09 g / cm 3 .
- test specimens were then subjected to metal impregnation with antimony.
- the procedure was as follows: The test specimens were heated under protective gas to a temperature of. heated to about 600 ° C. After that you were in one
- Impregnating kettle which was filled with about 830 ° C warm, liquid antimony. After 30 minutes of evacuation by means of a rotary vane pump, the test specimens were lowered into the molten metal and, after adjusting the temperature to an infiltration temperature of about 830 ° C., an inert gas pressure of 70 bar was applied for 15 minutes. Subsequently, the heater was turned off, which lowered the temperature of the melt. Shortly before reaching the solidus temperature of the metal (antimony), the test specimens were lifted out of the melt and, for further rapid cooling, transferred to a cooling unit with a cold inert gas stream. This ensured that almost no metal could run out of the test specimen could. The density of the metal-infiltrated test specimens could be determined after cooling and expansion at 3.0 g / cm 3 .
- AD g / cm 3
- density density (geometric) in accordance with ISO 12985-1
- YM 3p modulus of elasticity (bending stiffness), determined from the 3-point bending test
- Example 1 Acetylene coke, green body with 3 wt .-% binder resin content and subsequent phenolic impregnation, carbonized at 900 ° C, a second compacted and finally impregnated with metal (antimony)
- Comparative Example 1 Acetylene coke, green body with 3% by weight binder resin fraction and subsequent phenolic resin impregnation, carbonized at 900 ° C., post-compacted a second time, without metal infiltration
- the comparatively high density of the MMC shows the high volumetric metal content, which further reduces the electrical resistance. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the thermal conductivity can also be assumed.
- the low density of the carbon body (1.24 g / cm 3 ) compared to the densities of the carbon bodies in known MMC components (highly compressed graphites are approximately 1.6 g / cm 3 ) ensures this high metal content.
- a 15 mm thick cooling plate (format: 200 x 200 mm 2 ) was printed with a centrally located inside U-shaped cooling channel. After the pressure, the cooling channel with a diameter of 5 mm was completely partially mechanically freed from the loose acetic coke particles partially with compressed air. After two additional densification, the component was impregnated with antimony analogously to Example 1. The pulling of the component from the melt takes place in such a way that the openings of the U-shaped cooling channel showed downward, so that the cooling channel was completely free of excess metal after cooling of the component. Subsequently, a hose line with water was connected to the metal-saturated carbon plate and the cooling channel was rinsed with water for one hour. It was found that no leaks in the cooling plate.
- Example 1 Analogously to embodiment 2, a 15 mm thick cooling plate (format: 200 ⁇ 200 mm 2 ) was printed with a central, inner U-shaped cooling channel. After two recompression treatments, Example 1 and 2, the component was additionally subjected to a 2000 ° C high temperature treatment under inert gas prior to metal impregnation to adjust a more graphitic carbon structure and to ensure that no outgassing occurs in the final metal impregnation treatment. In contrast to Examples 1 and 2, this example did not use antimony but copper bronze (90% by weight Cu and 10% by weight Sn). The impregnation temperature was about 980 ° C. The analogous to the teaching of Example 1 and 2 removed component was again subjected to a leak test with water. Also in this test, the liquid tightness of the cooling plate could be detected with integrated cooling coil.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015223240.9A DE102015223240A1 (de) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | Kohlenstoff-Metall Verbundwerkstoff |
PCT/EP2016/078741 WO2017089498A1 (de) | 2015-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | Kohlenstoff-metall verbundwerkstoff |
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EP3380445A1 true EP3380445A1 (de) | 2018-10-03 |
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EP16816209.7A Withdrawn EP3380445A1 (de) | 2015-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | Kohlenstoff-metall verbundwerkstoff |
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EP (1) | EP3380445A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102015223240A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017089498A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102017217292A1 (de) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-03-28 | Sgl Carbon Se | Keramisches Bauteil |
DE102017217358A1 (de) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-03-28 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von komplexen geometrischen Bauteilen enthaltend Kohlenstoff oder Siliziumkarbid |
DE102019207762A1 (de) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-12-03 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verbundwerkstoff enthaltend kohlenstoff und einen werkstoff auf basis von metall |
DE102020206245A1 (de) | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-18 | Sgl Carbon Se | Vorrichtung zur Hochtemperaturbehandlung |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2947005C2 (de) | 1979-11-22 | 1983-08-04 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acetylen aus Kohlenwasserstoffen |
DE4403433A1 (de) | 1994-02-04 | 1995-08-10 | Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh | Metallimprägnierter Kohlenwerkstoff |
EP0673900A3 (de) * | 1994-03-25 | 1996-07-17 | Goodrich Co B F | Kohlenstoff/Kohlenstoffverbundwerkstoffe und dieselben enthaltender elektrischer Apparat. |
DE19809657B4 (de) * | 1998-03-06 | 2006-03-23 | Stierlen, Peter, Dipl.-Ing. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Keramikbauteils |
EP1055650B1 (de) | 1998-11-11 | 2014-10-29 | Totankako Co., Ltd. | Kohlenstoffhaltige metall-komposit-materialien, herstellungsverfahren und verwendung |
DE102004052365B4 (de) * | 2004-10-28 | 2010-08-26 | BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh. Herbst GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rapid-Prototyping-Modells, eines Grünlings, eines Keramikbauteils und eines metallischen Bauteils |
US10040216B2 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2018-08-07 | The Exone Company | Powder particle layerwise three-dimensional printing process |
DE102014004692A1 (de) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-10-15 | Voxeljet Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung für den 3D-Druck mit klimatisierter Verfahrensführung |
-
2015
- 2015-11-24 DE DE102015223240.9A patent/DE102015223240A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-11-24 EP EP16816209.7A patent/EP3380445A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-11-24 WO PCT/EP2016/078741 patent/WO2017089498A1/de unknown
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DE102015223240A1 (de) | 2017-05-24 |
WO2017089498A1 (de) | 2017-06-01 |
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