EP3374697A1 - Method for controlling a heating unit, and heating unit and computer program product for carrying out the control method - Google Patents
Method for controlling a heating unit, and heating unit and computer program product for carrying out the control methodInfo
- Publication number
- EP3374697A1 EP3374697A1 EP16794647.4A EP16794647A EP3374697A1 EP 3374697 A1 EP3374697 A1 EP 3374697A1 EP 16794647 A EP16794647 A EP 16794647A EP 3374697 A1 EP3374697 A1 EP 3374697A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- burner
- ionization
- heating unit
- ionization electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
- F23N5/126—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electrical or electromechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
- F23N1/025—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electrical or electromechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/06—Sampling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/42—Function generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
- F23N2223/54—Recording
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
- F23N2229/12—Flame sensors with flame rectification current detecting means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling a heating unit.
- heating units operated by means of gas or oil are known with a corresponding gas or oil burner.
- Such heating units are used, for example, for heating buildings.
- a so-called lonisation fuse is used, in which an AC voltage is present between an ionization electrode and a conductive part of the housing.
- a relevant parameter in the operation of such a heating unit is inter alia the air / fuel ratio, the so-called air ratio or lambda ⁇ . This can be adjusted to a desired value, for example, by varying a fan speed or regulating a fuel valve.
- Preferred values for the air ratio ⁇ are in the range of 1.15 to 1.3.
- the monitoring of the air ratio is carried out, for example, in a method as known from DE 44 33 425 AI, such that between the ionization and the conductive part of the housing, an AC voltage l is applied and a flowing from the ionization, due to the rectifying property of the flame rectified current is detected as lonisationsstrom.
- the measured ionization current is then compared with a set value for the ionization current corresponding to the adjusted soli value of the air ratio and the composition of the air-fuel mixture readjusted accordingly.
- the inventors of the present inventors have found that problems occur in determining the air number in the high load range of the corresponding heating unit and the measured ionization current only allows inaccurate or unreliable determination of the lambda value ⁇ . Based on the problem described above, it is an object of the present invention, in particular to achieve an improvement in the reliability of the determination of the air / fuel ratio via the ionisationsstrom.
- the present invention proposes a method having the features of claim 1.
- This method for controlling a heating unit contains at least the method steps: applying an alternating voltage between an ionization electrode and a burner housing by means of a voltage supply, and readjusting the power of the power supply when parasitic leakage currents occur.
- the heating unit contains at least one burner with a burner housing, an ionization electrode associated with the burner, and a voltage supply for applying an alternating voltage between the ionization electrode and the burner housing.
- the inventors of the present invention have observed that, surprisingly, the resistance in the heating unit, in particular between the ionization electrode and the burner housing, is complex and not merely resistive.
- the resistor has an ohmic and a capacitive component. It was found that the burner flame also has a capacitor effect in addition to the ohmic component.
- a resonant circuit is formed between the ohmic and capacitive components, the ionization voltage is reduced in comparison to the idealized image, or the ionization voltage can collapse.
- the ionization current flowing through the flame at a certain applied AC voltage between the ionization electrode and the burner housing thus actually drops in reality lower than in the idealized image when no parasitic leakage currents are flowing.
- the ionization current measured at the ionization electrode ie the proportionality factor between the actual air ratio and the measured ionization current, can change, for example, even if the actual air ratio remains the same.
- problems occur in determining the air number in the high load range of the corresponding heating unit, because the measured ionization current just in this area only an unreliable determination of the lambda value ⁇ allows.
- an applied alternating voltage and a voltage actually applied to the ionization electrode are distinguished.
- the applied AC voltage corresponds to the value that is set or output from the power supply.
- the voltage actually applied to the ionization electrode is an individual value which does not necessarily correspond to that value which is set at the voltage supply.
- the applied voltage breaks down or together.
- the lonisationsstrom lambda characteristic is no longer useful for controlling the air ratio.
- the height of such parasitic leakage currents may, for example, depend on the particular load point at which the heating unit is operated and / or on the operating time and / or the ambient conditions.
- the power of the power supply is readjusted when such parasitic leakage currents occur, it is possible that the measured ionization electrode current through the flame for reliable determination of the air ratio, especially at high load points (up to the full load operation of the heating unit) can be used.
- Such leakage currents may occur in the entire load range of the heating unit depending on the specific heating unit.
- the power of the power supply is preferably increased in these, in particular substantially only in these areas.
- the power of the power supply can be increased with increasing load points of the heating unit.
- the load points of the heating unit are usually given in% between 0 and 100, with a load point of 100% representing a full load operation of the heating unit.
- the voltage actually applied to the ionization electrode can be measured and compared with a desired value, if necessary adjusted to this desired value.
- the voltage actually present between the ionization electrode and the burner housing is measured thereafter at substantially at least a temporarily constant voltage applied. As soon as this actual voltage applied to the ionization electrode decreases or increases for a short time, it is assumed that the heating unit is in such an operating state, in particular in such a load point, in which leakage currents occur.
- the voltage delivered by it (the applied voltage) is changed in such a way that the voltage actually applied to the ionization electrode again corresponds to the desired value applied to the ionization electrode, which was originally applied.
- the power of the power supply is highly regulated, so that the voltage actually applied between the ionization electrode and the burner housing corresponds to the desired value, even if parasitic leakage currents occur in this operating state of the heating unit.
- the readjustment of the power of the power supply can be carried out such that the detected ionization current to each load point uniquely an air ratio in which the burner is operated, can be assigned.
- the applied AC voltage is regulated such that in each operating state of the burner, in particular at each load point by a voltage change just by the leakage current occurring voltage loss is compensated for the ionization electrode substantially exactly, so that the actual current flowing through the flame corresponds to the current that would flow without leakage current through them.
- the actual voltage applied to the ionization AC voltage can be kept substantially constant in the entire load range.
- the actual voltage at the ionization electrode should be kept constant.
- the actual ionization current dependency of the lambda number of the ionization current corresponds to the idealized model and can therefore be better assigned.
- these different heating units are each designed for a specific maximum voltage, in which the heating unit can be operated without danger of damage.
- Such maximum voltage values are preferably selected between 20 and 200 V, in particular between 90 and 150 V, very particularly preferably 130 V + / ⁇ 10 V.
- the aforementioned values can each define an upper or lower limit. That is, the heating units are operated with such a voltage.
- the alternating voltages between the ionization electrode and the burner housing are preferably between 30 and 150 Hz, in particular between 40 Hz and 100 Hz, very particularly preferably 50 Hz +/- 1 ° Hz.
- the power of the power supply can be lowered with increasing load point.
- a corresponding ionisationsstrom / lambda value setpoint curve for each applied voltage be known and determined by the known lonisationsstrom / lambda value setpoint curve, the applied AC voltages of the air ratio.
- the corresponding lambda value can be determined even when the actual voltages applied to the ionization electrodes and the burner housing are changed.
- a heating unit with a burner with a burner housing and a burner housing associated ionization and a power supply for applying an AC voltage between the ionization and the burner housing before.
- This heating unit also has a control unit, which adjusts power supply in the event of parasitic leakage currents.
- This control unit is preferably designed such that it regulates the previously mentioned preferred development of the method according to the invention.
- control unit can each be designed so that it carries out the method steps described above.
- a measuring device is provided, for example, which measures the voltage actually applied to the ionization electrode and transmits the measured values in the control unit, the control unit regulating a voltage source in such a way as explained above for the described method.
- the burner may have a cylindrical surface which is provided with a Belochungs Modell.
- the gas-air mixture thus flows over the cylindrical surface and through the perforation structure.
- the Belochungsetter is chosen according to the ionization electrode in order to achieve the greatest possible consistency of the described assignment.
- the combination of the power control of the power supply with the Belochungs Design ensures even better allocation between ionisationsstrom and lambda value.
- a computer program product is proposed with computer-executable instructions for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- This computer program product can be stored, for example, in the manner of a software within a control electronics in the heating unit.
- any commercially available heating unit can be upgraded by the software being loaded as far as the heating device is capable of doing so in terms of its design or its construction.
- Figure la is a schematic view of a gas burner, in which the
- Gas burner housing is switched to positive potential and an ionization electrode to negative potential
- Figure lb is a schematic view of the same burner with the reverse
- FIG. 1c shows the voltage curve over time and the idealized ionization current between burner and ionization electrode in the flame
- FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of a burner of a heating device with a
- Figure 3a shows a lonisationsstrombutkeit from the load point of the heater of the prior art
- FIG. 3b shows an ionization current dependence of the heating load point with a regulation according to the invention, a current voltage characteristic curve without the regulation according to the invention and a current voltage characteristic curve in the regulation according to the invention.
- Figure la shows schematically a burner 1, which is part of a heating unit, not shown.
- the burner 1 has a cylindrical burner housing 2 with a front opening 3. Inside the burner housing 2 and concentrically and slightly offset back to the front opening 3, a gas nozzle 4 is arranged.
- the gas-air mixture is ignited and there is a flame 6, which extends out of the housing through the front opening 3. Within the flame, a front of the opening 3 arranged ionization electrode 7 is provided.
- the applied AC voltage is between 20 and 75 volts, further preferred values are selected between 20 and 150 V, in particular between 30 and 100 V, most preferably 130 V.
- the burner 4 has a cylindrical surface which is provided with a perforation structure.
- the gas-air mixture thus flows over the cylindrical surface and through the perforation structure.
- a frequency is preferably 50 Hz, further preferred ranges are between 30 and 150 Hz, in particular between 40 Hz and 100 Hz, most preferably 50 Hz +/- 10 Hz.
- the alternating voltage is generated by a power supply 8 and applied accordingly between the ionization electrode 7 and the burner housing 2.
- the applied AC voltage is between 20 and 200 V, in particular between 90 and 150 V, most preferably 130 V +/- 1 ° V.
- the power of the power supply can be regulated.
- the power supply 8 is preferably included in a control unit of the heating unit, which is not shown.
- This control unit can contain a control unit with which the method according to the invention is carried out.
- the ionization electrode 7 and the burner 2 may have any desired geometry, but these two must be arranged in such a way that an ionization current is generated between the ionization electrode 7 and the burner by the rectification effect of the flame 6.
- an oil burner or a burner for another fuel can be used as an alternative to the gas burner.
- Figure 1c accordingly shows the idealized current flow compared to the applied voltage over time. As can be seen from this figure, the flame 6 has a rectifying effect.
- the power supply 8 is shown schematically in Figure 2 on the left and has a resistance grooves.
- FIG. 6 An equivalent circuit diagram of the burner 6 is reproduced on the right in FIG.
- the idealized flame 6 itself, with the rectifying effect, is formed by the diode D and by the flame resistance flame.
- a parasitic resistance ZFiamme Connected in parallel is shown in the figure, a parasitic resistance ZFiamme, which for a parasitic current flow in dependence of the operating parameters, such as. As load, lambda value and gas type is responsible.
- the parasitic resistance ZFiamme is complex and therefore also provided as a kind of apparent resistance with the usual reference Z, as used in coils.
- the resistor has an ohmic and a capacitive one Proportion of. It was found that the burner flame also has a capacitor effect in addition to the ohmic component.
- a resonant circuit is formed between the ohmic and capacitive components, the ionization voltage is reduced in comparison to the idealized image, or the ionization voltage can collapse.
- the arrow provided with reference numeral 10 in Figure 2 shows schematically that the power supply 8 is controlled in the inventive method on the basis of the actual measured voltage of the ionization 7.
- FIG. 3a shows an ionization current dependency of the load point for different lambda values without the control according to the invention, ie. H. Power stabilization and Figure 3b shows a lonisationsstromjokeit from the load point for different lambda values with the control according to the invention, d. H. Power stabilization.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b correspond from the top to the lambda values of 1.04, 1.14, 1.24, 1.34, 1.54 shown in the respective figures on the right. that the excess air in the graph increases from top to bottom.
- the values entered on the Y-axis are current values (current in ⁇ ). The lower the corresponding lambda value, the higher the respectively measured ionization current.) For the lambda value of 1.34 (4th line from the top in FIG. 3a), the measured ionization current at a preset preset voltage at the voltage supply 8 will be described below. When the load point is increased from approx. 10% to approx. 40%, the measured ionization current increases.
- the ionization current can no longer be used to deduce the corresponding air ratio or lambda value.
- the hatched area (area without sensitivity) of 50% to 100% shown in FIG. 3a and between the lines for an air ratio of 1.04 and 1.14 does not exhibit any air-number sensitivity.
- the ionization current can not be used to determine the air ratio in this load range.
- load ranges may be as follows: above 30%, preferably above 50%, in particular above 70% but below 100%.
- the values described may each be an upper and lower limit.
- Figure 3a three different areas are shown. Up to a load point of 10%, the current increases sharply (at least for lambda values of 1.34 and more). This area is referred to as an area of unfavorable sensitivity, because a measurement there may be subject to strong errors.
- the characteristic curve for lambda 1.34 in the region of the apex radio has an unfavorable characteristic curve.
- 3b shows the same dependency for the corresponding seven lambda values with the regulation according to the invention. Namely, as far as the actual voltage measured at the ionization electrode 7 is measured and this is kept constant as a function of the load point, for example, the lines of the ionization current dependence from the load point no longer overlap for the corresponding lambda values.
- the power of the power supply 8 is up-regulated.
- FIG. 4 shows a comparison of a dependence of the applied voltage (voltage set at the voltage supply) on the ionization current.
- the applied voltage is always constant even if due to the leakage currents at the same load point of the Ionisationsstrom lowered.
- the voltage emitted by the voltage source is increased when the ionization current is low due to leakage currents, so that a constant actual voltage is applied between the ionization electrode 7 and the burner.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015222155.5A DE102015222155B4 (en) | 2015-11-11 | 2015-11-11 | Method for controlling a heating unit and heating unit and computer program product for carrying out the control method |
PCT/EP2016/077512 WO2017081307A1 (en) | 2015-11-11 | 2016-11-11 | Method for controlling a heating unit, and heating unit and computer program product for carrying out the control method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3374697A1 true EP3374697A1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
EP3374697B1 EP3374697B1 (en) | 2022-03-16 |
Family
ID=57286516
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16794647.4A Active EP3374697B1 (en) | 2015-11-11 | 2016-11-11 | Method for controlling a heating unit, and heating unit and computer program product for carrying out the control method |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10605458B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3374697B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3004943A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102015222155B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017081307A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018118288A1 (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-01-30 | Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh | Method for monitoring and regulating a burner flame of a heater burner |
CN114576648B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-12-06 | 浙江菲斯曼供热技术有限公司 | Method for operating a gas burner |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4433425C2 (en) | 1994-09-20 | 1998-04-30 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Control device for setting a gas-combustion air mixture in a gas burner |
DE19539568C1 (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 1997-06-19 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gas burner regulation system |
DE20112299U1 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2001-10-18 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Ionization electrode |
FR2829564A1 (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2003-03-14 | Sourdillon Sa | GAS APPLIANCE WITH LOWER PART BURNER, EQUIPPED WITH SAFETY MEANS, AND WATER HEATER USING THE SAME |
US7493766B2 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2009-02-24 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Auxiliary electrical power generation |
DE102005009274B3 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-07-27 | Stamm, Dan, Dipl.-Ing. | Combustion chamber cleaning method, involves blowing compressed air or water to air jet produce angular momentum that is conveyed to air jet, where air jet experiences expansion of distributing angle of specific degrees through momentum |
US7768410B2 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2010-08-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Leakage detection and compensation system |
DE102005024763B3 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-06-08 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Heating device, has combustion chamber with ionization electrode for detecting ionization signals and evaluation unit coupled with fuel valve for controlling of fuel valve in dependence of evaluated time process of alternating voltage |
DE102007018122B4 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2013-10-17 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Flame monitoring device with a voltage generating and measuring arrangement and method for monitoring a burner by means of the flame monitoring device |
WO2009110015A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-11 | Bertelli & Partners S.R.L. | Improved method and device to detect the flame in a burner operating on a solid, liquid or gaseous combustible |
DE102010001307B4 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2013-12-24 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Method and apparatus for ionization current based flame detection and flame monitoring system |
US20110248690A1 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-13 | Maxitrol Company | Power supply circuit for combustion appliance |
EP2495496B1 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2015-04-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner assembly |
CA2927786A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2015-04-23 | Ab Midnight Holding | A fire-resistant material and a method for obtaining a fire-resistant material |
-
2015
- 2015-11-11 DE DE102015222155.5A patent/DE102015222155B4/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-11-11 CA CA3004943A patent/CA3004943A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-11-11 WO PCT/EP2016/077512 patent/WO2017081307A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-11-11 US US15/775,386 patent/US10605458B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-11-11 EP EP16794647.4A patent/EP3374697B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US10605458B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
DE102015222155A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
CA3004943A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
DE102015222155B4 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
US20180372317A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
WO2017081307A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
EP3374697B1 (en) | 2022-03-16 |
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