EP3182007B1 - Heating device system and method with a heating device system - Google Patents

Description

State of the art

From the prior art, such as the DE 196 18 573 C1 , the DE 196 27 857 A1 and / or the EP 2 667 097 A1 Gas and / or oil burner systems are known which comprise a control and / or regulating unit, which is provided for regulating an ionization signal determined by means of an ionization sensor to set a number of air to a desired ionization signal. The patent EP1450102 discloses the preamble of claim 1.

In addition, gas and / or oil burner systems are known, which have an adaptation unit for adapting a characteristic curve used for control, wherein an adaptation of the characteristic takes place at a certain heating power and it is assumed that the shape of the characteristic is independent of the heating power.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention relates to a heater system, in particular a gas and / or oil burner system, with a control and / or regulating unit, which is provided, a Luftzahlkenngröße combustion, especially of a mixture, in particular from a combustion air and a fuel, using at least one characteristic curve to set to a desired Luftzahlkenngröße, and with at least one adjustment unit, which is provided in at least one operating state, advantageously a maintenance mode and / or a Kalibrierungsbetriebszustand, the characteristic, in particular a current characteristic to adapt, in particular to update and advantageous to correct, in particular to changing and / or changed operating and / or boundary conditions and / or based on changing and / or changed operating and / or boundary conditions and preferably due to aging phenomena of the components of the heater system.

It is proposed according to the invention that the adaptation unit is provided for adapting the characteristic at least two, advantageously at least three, preferably at least four, particularly advantageously at least five and particularly preferably at least six different heating outputs, in particular heating power values, modulation values and / or heating loads, in particular at least one, advantageously exactly one, heating unit to take into account. Advantageously, the adaptation unit is provided to adapt the characteristic at regular time intervals. Particularly preferably, the adaptation unit is provided to take into account for the adaptation of the characteristic curve a number of different heating powers, which is adapted to a modulation range and / or a degree of modulation of the heater system. In particular, the heater system comprises a memory unit in which the characteristic curve, in particular the current characteristic, is stored. By "provided" is intended to be understood in particular specially programmed, designed and / or equipped. The fact that an object is intended for a specific function should in particular mean that the object fulfills and / or executes this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state. In particular, the heater system may include a heater device which advantageously at least one heating unit, in particular the heating unit already mentioned above, at least one supply unit, at least one metering device for combustion air, at least one metering device for fuel and / or at least one sensor. In this context, a "heating unit" should be understood to mean, in particular, a unit which is provided, in particular, to burn the mixture, in particular from the combustion air and the fuel, in at least one operating state, and in particular to generate at least one heating flame. Advantageously, the heating unit is designed as an oil burner and / or gas burner. A "supply unit" should in particular be understood to mean a unit which is provided to supply at least one fluid and / or at least one fluid flow, in particular a combustion air flow, a fuel flow and / or a mixture flow, in particular from the combustion air and the fuel, to the heating unit , Furthermore, a "dosing device" is to be understood as meaning in particular one, in particular electrical and / or electronic, unit, in particular actuator unit, advantageous actuating unit, which is provided in particular for the purpose of the fluid and / or to influence the fluid flow, in particular the combustion air flow, the fuel flow and / or the mixture flow, in particular from the combustion air and the fuel, and adjust, regulate and / or promote advantageous. In particular, the combustion air metering device and / or the fuel metering device are intended to vary and / or modulate the heating power of the heater device. The fact that an object "influences" another object should in this context be understood in particular to mean that the further object has a different state, a different course, and / or a different quantity in the case of an absence and / or inactivity of the object and / or assumes than presence and / or activity of the object. The metering device for combustion air can be advantageously designed as, in particular variable-speed, fan and / or as, in particular speed-variable, fan. The metering device for fuel can advantageously be embodied as a fuel pump, in particular variable in flow rate, and / or as a, in particular throughput variable, fuel valve. A "sensor" is to be understood in particular as meaning a unit which is provided to detect at least one combustion signal correlated with the combustion of the mixture, in particular from the combustion air and the fuel, advantageously the air-number parameter, in particular indirectly and / or advantageously directly and / or to provide, in particular the control and / or regulating unit. The sensor can be embodied as any, in particular electrical, optical and / or chemical, sensor unit, such as a temperature sensor, thermoelectric sensor, lambda probe, gas sensor, in particular carbon monoxide sensor and / or carbon dioxide sensor, radiation sensor, in particular infrared radiation sensor and / or ultraviolet radiation sensor, and / or preferably as lonisationssensor, in particular ionization electrode and advantageously flame ionization electrode. In this case, the sensor is preferably arranged in a vicinity of the heating unit, in particular the heating flame of the heating unit. In this context, a "near zone" should be understood to mean, in particular, a spatial area which is formed by points which each have a distance of at most 50 cm, advantageously at most 30 cm, preferably at most 10 cm and particularly preferably at most 5 cm have a reference point and / or a reference component.

A "control and / or regulating unit" should also be understood in particular to mean an electrical and / or electronic unit having at least one control electronics. Under a "control electronics" is intended in particular a unit with a computing unit and / or with a further memory unit and advantageously with a stored in the further memory unit operating, control and / or control program, which is in particular intended to be executed by the arithmetic unit to be understood. Advantageously, the further storage unit can be identical to the storage unit. In particular, the control and / or regulating unit is provided to provide at least one control signal for setting and / or adjusting at least one of the metering devices, in particular the metering device for combustion air and / or the metering device for fuel. Furthermore, the control and / or regulating unit is in particular provided to adjust the heating power, in particular the heating unit. In this case, the control and / or regulating unit is provided, in particular, for providing the heating power, in particular a requested heating power and / or a desired heating power, by adjusting and / or adjusting at least one of the dosing devices.

Furthermore, an "air-flow parameter" is to be understood in particular to mean a parameter which is correlated in particular with an air ratio, in particular an air ratio of the combustion of the mixture, in particular from the combustion air and the fuel, and advantageously directly maps the air ratio. Advantageously, the control and / or regulating unit close at least based on the Luftzahlkenngröße on the air ratio and / or determine the air ratio. In particular, it is conceivable that the air-fuel ratio is identical to the air-fuel ratio and / or is proportional to the air-fuel ratio. Advantageously, however, the air-number characteristic corresponds to a measured variable which represents the air-fuel ratio, in particular the combustion signal, in particular of the sensor. In particular, the air-fuel ratio corresponds to one, in particular direct, control and / or controlled variable. A "desired air-ratio characteristic" is to be understood, in particular, as an air-figure parameter to which the air-fuel ratio is to be set, in particular by means of the control and / or regulating unit, so that the air ratio advantageously corresponds to a desired air-fuel ratio. In particular, in this case, a current desired air-ratio characteristic, in particular set by means of the current characteristic curve, in particular with increasing age and / or increasing service life of the heater system and / or at least the heater device, of an actual nominal Luftzahlkenngröße, wherein the air ratio of the desired air ratio corresponds, deviate. A "current object" is to be understood in particular as meaning a currently used and / or set object. Furthermore, an "actual object" should be understood to mean in particular an object which is required so that the air number corresponds to the desired air ratio. In addition, a "characteristic curve" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, at least one reference curve and / or a reference table having characteristic values, in particular reference values. In particular, the characteristic curve maps a characteristic value against a further characteristic value. Advantageously, the characteristic is stored as a value table in the memory unit. Particularly preferably, the characteristic corresponds to a heating power-air ratio characteristic curve. A "heating capacity-air-ratio characteristic curve" should be understood to mean, in particular, a characteristic curve which maps a heating capacity against an air-fuel ratio parameter, preferably the desired air-fuel ratio parameter. Advantageously, the air ratio characteristic, preferably the desired air ratio, represented by the heat output. In particular, the air ratio, preferably the desired air ratio, varies with the heat output.

In addition, an "adaptation unit" should be understood to mean, in particular, an at least partially electrical and / or electronic unit, which preferably has an operative connection with the control and / or regulating unit, in particular at least communicating with the control and / or regulating unit is, and / or at least partially integrated in the control and / or regulating unit. By the fact that the adaptation unit is intended to take into account "at least two different heating powers" should be understood in particular that the adjustment unit is provided, in particular depending on an age and / or a service life of the heater system and / or at least the heater device, for adaptation the characteristic curve, in particular the current characteristic curve, to determine and / or use at least two operating values for different heating powers. The operating values advantageously correspond to characteristic values of the characteristic curve and, with particular advantage, to nominal air-figure characteristics. In particular, the operating values, in particular stored in the storage unit, could correspond to reference operating values and experimentally, in particular by means of comprehensive tests, in particular using further heating systems and / or further heating device devices which are identically designed for the heating system and / or at least the heater device be determined by means of a simulation. Advantageously, however, the operating values correspond to actual operating values at which the air ratio corresponds to the desired air ratio. In this case, the adaptation unit is preferably provided for adapting the characteristic, in particular the current characteristic, the actual operating values, advantageously at least two actual values Nominal air ratio parameters, in which in particular the air number corresponds to the desired air ratio, for the at least two different heat outputs to determine and current operating values, in particular current setpoint air ratio characteristics, the current characteristic using the actual operating values, in particular directly and / or by means of interpolation and / or extrapolation between the actual operating values, and / or to replace the current operating values of the current characteristic by the actual operating values, in particular directly and / or by means of interpolation and / or extrapolation between the actual operating values. The actual operating values can, in particular by means of a manual input, in particular by an operator and / or advantageously a service employee, be transmitted to the adaptation unit and / or advantageously automatically and / or automatically detected by the adaptation unit. In particular, the adaptation unit is provided to change a shape and / or a course of the characteristic curve when the characteristic curve is adapted. Advantageously, an adaptation of the characteristic at an air ratio of 1 and / or a stoichiometric combustion takes place. In particular, an efficiency, in particular a heating power efficiency, an environmental efficiency, an operating efficiency and / or a cost efficiency, can be improved by a corresponding configuration of the heater system. In particular, an advantageously exact adjustment of the air ratio to a desired air ratio over an entire heating power range of the heater system can be achieved. Furthermore, advantageously a service life and / or a fatigue strength can be improved, wherein advantageously an operation in an unwanted air-fuel ratio range can be avoided. In addition, advantageously, an optimized combustion with a stable heating flame, a minimum pollutant emissions and / or a maximum efficiency can be achieved, whereby in particular an operational safety can be increased.

If the air-ratio characteristic corresponds to a combustion ionization signal detected in particular by means of the sensor, cost and / or complexity can advantageously be kept low. In this case, the sensor is designed in particular as an ionization sensor, in particular ionization electrode and, advantageously, flame ionization electrode.

It is also proposed that the adaptation unit is provided for determining in the operating state for adapting the characteristic curve in each case at least one combustion parameter for the at least two different heating outputs, and advantageous to measure. For this purpose, the adaptation unit comprises in particular at least one calibration unit which is advantageously designed separately from the heater apparatus and particularly preferably as a portable maintenance unit and which is advantageously provided for determining the combustion parameter and / or the combustion parameters in a region of a combustion gas, in particular exhaust gas, the heating flame in particular by an operator and, advantageously, by a service person. A "combustion characteristic" is to be understood in particular to be a parameter which is correlated in particular with the combustion, in particular of the mixture, in particular from the combustion air and the fuel. Advantageously, the control and / or regulating unit can conclude, at least on the basis of the combustion parameter, the presence and / or quality of the combustion and / or determine the presence and / or the quality of the combustion. Advantageously, the combustion parameter corresponds to at least one, advantageously exactly one, the combustion mapping and / or characterizing measured value. In this way, in particular a particularly simple and / or advantageously exact recalibration can be achieved.

The combustion parameter could, for example, pollutant emissions, such as emissions and / or discharge of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), at least one nitrogen oxide (NO _x ), in particular nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ) and / or Nitrous oxide (N ₂ O), correspond. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, it is proposed that the combustion parameter have a, in particular molecular, oxygen content, in particular O ₂ content, and / or a carbon dioxide content, in particular CO ₂ content, of a combustion gas, in particular exhaust gas, of the combustion equivalent. In this way, in particular a particularly simple adaptation of the characteristic can be achieved.

The adaptation unit and / or the calibration unit could, for example, have an actuating unit by means of which the combustion parameter can be set manually, in particular by an operator and / or advantageously by a service employee, in particular separately for the at least two heating powers, to a desired combustion parameter, in order to manually initiate an adaptation of the characteristic, in particular by the adaptation unit, in a set state of the combustion parameter. Preferably, however, the matching unit is provided to set the combustion characteristic using another one Characteristic, in particular automatically and / or automatically and in particular separately for the at least two heating powers to set to a desired combustion parameter and in a set state of the combustion parameter, the characteristic, in particular automatically and / or automatically adapt, in particular by determining the actual operating values and advantageous actual nominal air ratio parameters. A "nominal combustion characteristic" is to be understood, in particular, as a combustion parameter to which the combustion parameter is to be set, so that the air ratio advantageously corresponds to the desired air ratio. In this way, a, in particular largely autonomously operating, heater system can be provided, whereby advantageously a maintenance effort can be reduced. In addition, advantageous costs can be minimized. In particular, a fine adaptation of the characteristic can advantageously be achieved in this case.

A particularly simple control algorithm can be achieved, in particular, if the further characteristic curve corresponds to a heating capacity-combustion characteristic curve. In this context, a "heating capacity-combustion characteristic curve" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a characteristic curve which maps a heating capacity against a combustion parameter, preferably the desired combustion parameter. In this case, the combustion parameter, preferably the desired combustion parameter, is represented by the heat output. In particular, the combustion parameter, preferably the desired combustion parameter, varies with the heat output.

According to the invention, the heater system has at least one memory unit, in particular the previously mentioned memory unit, in which at least two, in particular divergent, reference characteristic curves, advantageously at least three, at least four, at least five and / or at least six reference characteristic curves are stored for different operating periods, wherein the adjustment unit is provided to adapt in the operating condition, the characteristic curve using the reference characteristics, in particular directly and / or by means of interpolation and / or extrapolation between the reference characteristics. Advantageously, a number of, in particular stored in the memory unit, reference characteristic curves adapted to an expected and / or expected operating time of the heater system. A "reference characteristic curve" is to be understood in particular as a characteristic curve with reference operating values which, in particular at least theoretically, are the characteristic curve for setting the air-fuel ratio to the desired air-fuel ratio after a defined and / or determinable operating time should correspond and / or correspond. Advantageously, the reference characteristic curves are thereby determined experimentally, in particular by means of comprehensive tests, in particular using further heating systems and / or further heating device devices designed identically to the heating system and / or at least the heater device, and / or by means of a simulation and advantageously already during production of the heater system and / or at least the heater device stored in the storage unit. In particular, the reference characteristic curves thereby correspond to heating power-air ratio characteristic curves. In this way, in particular a simple, fast and / or cost-effective adaptation of the characteristic can be achieved. In particular, a coarse adjustment of the characteristic can advantageously be achieved in this case.

It is also proposed that the heater system has at least one detection unit which is provided to monitor at least one setting parameter and advantageously at least two setting parameters, in particular for at least two different heating outputs, in particular over an operating period of the heater system, and if the setting parameter of a, in particular in the memory unit of the control and / or regulating unit and / or the further memory unit, stored, reference setting parameter, which is greater than a limit, to cause an adjustment of the characteristic, in particular by means of the adjustment unit. In particular, the detection unit has an operative connection with the control and / or regulating unit and / or with the adaptation unit. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the detection unit is provided to output an error message and / or a maintenance message in the event of a deviation of the setting parameter from the reference setting parameter, which is greater than a limit value. A "setting parameter" is to be understood in particular to mean a parameter which is in particular correlated with the air-number characteristic, advantageously the desired air-figure parameter, and / or the air-fuel ratio, advantageously the desired air-fuel ratio and / or at least the air-fuel ratio, Luftzahlkenngröße, and / or the air ratio, advantageously the desired air ratio, can close. In addition, the adjustment parameter is in particular correlated with an adjustment and / or operating position of at least one of the metering devices, in particular of the metering device for combustion air and / or of the metering device for fuel. As a result, in particular an operation and / or a deviation of a current desired air-fuel ratio from an actual Target air ratio characteristic in particular due to aging phenomena, in particular of the sensor to be monitored.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the heater system has at least one metering device for fuel, in particular the previously mentioned metering device for fuel, wherein the adjustment parameter of an operating position of the metering device for fuel and in particular a temporal change of the operating position of the metering device for fuel, in particular for a specified and / or definable heating capacity and a specified and / or definable air ratio. As a result, deviations can be determined particularly easily.

In addition, the invention is based on a method with a heater system, wherein an air ratio of a combustion, in particular of a mixture, in particular of a combustion air and a fuel, using at least one characteristic is set to a desired Luftzahlkenngröße and the characteristic in at least one operating state, Advantageously, a maintenance operating state and / or a calibration operating state, particularly preferably at regular time intervals, taking into account at least two different heating powers, in particular heating power values, modulation values and / or heating loads, in particular at least one, advantageously exactly one, heating unit, is adjusted, in particular is updated and is advantageously corrected, in particular to changing and / or changed operating and / or boundary conditions and / or based on changing and / or changed operating and / or boundary conditions and vorzugswe due to aging of the components of the heater system. As a result, in particular an efficiency, in particular a heating power efficiency, an environmental efficiency, an operating efficiency and / or a cost efficiency, can be improved, a service life and / or a fatigue strength can be increased and thus, in particular, optimized combustion can be achieved.

The heater system and the method with the heater system should not be limited to the above-described application and embodiment. In particular, the heater system and method with the heater system may have a different number than a number of individual elements, components, and units referred to herein for performing a functionality described herein.

drawing

Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

Fig. 1

ein als Gasbrennersystem ausgebildetes Heizgerätesystem in einer schematischen Darstellung,

Fig. 2

ein Schaubild eines Verlaufs einer Soll-Luftzahl in Abhängigkeit von einer Heizleistung,

Fig. 3

ein Schaubild einer Kennlinie des Heizgerätesystems zur Einstellung einer Luftzahlkenngröße auf eine Soll-Luftzahlkenngröße,

Fig. 4

ein Schaubild eines mittels einer Detektionseinheit detektierten Signals des Heizgerätesystems,

Fig. 5

ein Schaubild von Referenz-Kennlinien des Heizgerätesystems zur Grobanpassung der Kennlinie,

Fig. 6

ein Schaubild einer weiteren Kennlinie des Heizgerätesystems zur Einstellung einer Verbrennungskenngröße auf eine Soll-Verbrennungskenngröße,

Fig. 7

ein Schaubild eines Zusammenhangs zwischen der Soll-Verbrennungskenngröße und der Soll-Luftzahl,

Fig. 8

ein weiteres Schaubild einer weiteren Kennlinie des Heizgerätesystems zur Einstellung einer Verbrennungskenngröße auf eine Soll-Verbrennungskenngröße und

Fig. 9

ein weiteres Schaubild eines Zusammenhangs zwischen der Soll-Verbrennungskenngröße und der Soll-Luftzahl aus Figur 8.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a trained as a gas burner system heater system in a schematic representation,

Fig. 2

a diagram of a course of a desired air ratio as a function of a heating power,

Fig. 3

a diagram of a characteristic curve of the heater system for setting a Luftzahlkenngröße to a desired Luftzahlkenngröße,

Fig. 4

a diagram of a detected by a detection unit signal of the heater system,

Fig. 5

a diagram of reference characteristic curves of the heater system for coarse adjustment of the characteristic,

Fig. 6

a diagram of a further characteristic curve of the heater system for setting a combustion parameter to a desired combustion characteristic,

Fig. 7

a diagram of a relationship between the desired combustion characteristic and the desired air ratio,

Fig. 8

a further diagram of another characteristic of the heater system for setting a combustion parameter to a desired combustion characteristic and

Fig. 9

another graph of a relationship between the desired combustion characteristic and the desired air ratio FIG. 8 ,

Description of the embodiments

FIG. 1 shows a heater system 10 in a schematic representation. In the present case, the heater system 10 is designed as a gas burner system. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to design a heater system as an oil burner system and / or any other heater system.

The heater system 10 includes a heater device 32. The heater apparatus 32 includes a first combustion air metering unit 28. The first metering device 28 is designed as a variable-speed fan. The first metering device 28 is provided to convey and regulate a first fluid flow 34, in particular at least one combustion air flow. For this purpose, the first metering device 28 is connected to a first supply line for combustion air.

Furthermore, the heater device 32 includes a second meter 30 for fuel. The second metering device 30 is designed as a throughput variable and electronic fuel valve. The second metering device 30 is designed as a control valve. The second metering device 30 is intended to convey and regulate a second fluid stream 36, in particular a fuel stream. In the present case, the second metering device 30 is intended to convey and regulate a gas flow. For this purpose, the second metering device 30 is connected to a second feed line for fuel. The fuel in this case corresponds to natural gas. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable that a fuel corresponds to liquid gas.

The heater device 32 has a supply unit 38. The supply unit 38 comprises a plurality of fluid paths. The supply unit 38 comprises a combustion air path. The combustion air path is provided to guide the first fluid stream 34. The supply unit 38 further includes a fuel path. The fuel path is provided to guide the second fluid stream 36. In addition, the supply unit 38 comprises a mixture flow path. The mixture flow path is provided to mix the first fluid stream 34 with the second fluid stream 36. Accordingly, the Gemischstromweg is provided to lead a mixture stream 40.

In addition, the heater device 32 comprises a heating unit 42. The heating unit 42 is provided to burn in at least one operating state, a mixture of the combustion air and the fuel, in particular to generate a heating flame 44. For this purpose, the heating unit 42 is connected to the supply unit 38, in particular the Gemischstromweg. In the present case, the heating unit 42 is provided to generate the heating flame 44 in a combustion chamber of the heater device 32. In this case, the heating flame 44 generates a combustion gas, in particular exhaust gas. In addition, the heater device 32 includes an ignition unit (not shown), which is in particular provided to provide a pilot flame for the heating unit 42. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to dispense with an ignition unit.

The heater device 32 further includes a sensor 46. The sensor 46 is disposed in the combustion chamber of the heater device 32. In the present case, the sensor 46 is arranged in a vicinity of the heating flame 44 of the heating unit 42. The sensor 46 is formed as a flame ionization electrode. The sensor 46 is provided to detect combustion, in particular of the mixture flow 40, and in particular to provide a combustion signal correlated with the combustion. The sensor 46 is provided in the present case to detect a Luftzahlkenngröße the combustion. The air number characteristic corresponds to a control and / or controlled variable. In the present case, the air ratio corresponds to an ionization signal of the combustion. The sensor 46 makes use of the fact that flames conduct electricity when an electrical voltage is applied. Alternatively, it is conceivable to use a sensor with a plurality of sensor elements. Furthermore, it is conceivable to use a sensor designed differently from a flame ionization electrode and / or to arrange a sensor in another region of a heater device.

Furthermore, the heater device 32 has a control and / or regulating unit 12. The control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided to control an operation of the heater device 32. For this purpose, the control and / or regulating unit 12 has a memory unit 20. In addition, the control and / or regulating unit 12 has an arithmetic unit and an operating program stored in the memory unit 20, which is intended to be executed by the arithmetic unit. The control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided to set a, in particular requested, heating power P and / or to provide. For this purpose, the control and / or regulating unit 12 has an electrical connection with the first metering device 28 and the second metering device 30. In the present case, the control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided to the first fluid flow 34 and the second fluid flow 36 by means of the first Doser 28 and the second meter 30 to adjust independently. Furthermore, the control and / or regulating unit 12 has an electrical connection with the sensor 46. The control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided to provide drive signals for setting the first dosing device 28 and the second dosing device 30. In addition, the control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided to set an air ratio to a desired air ratio λ. In the present case, the control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided for setting the air-frequency characteristic of the sensor 46 to a desired air-fuel _ratio I _λ , in particular such that the air-ratio corresponds to the desired air-fuel ratio λ. Accordingly, the control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided to directly control the Luftzahlkenngröße and / or to regulate and the air ratio indirectly. In the present case, the control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided in at least one operating state to adjust the heating power P of the heating unit 42 in the manner of a control and using the Luftzahlkenngröße of the sensor 46, in particular by means of a control of the first meter 28 and the second Dosing device 30. The control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided to set the air- _ratio characteristic using a characteristic curve 14 to the desired air-fuel _{ratio parameter} I _λ (cf. FIG. 3 ). The characteristic curve 14 is stored as a value table in the memory unit 20. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to deposit a characteristic curve in a further storage unit of the heater device and / or of the heater system that is different from a storage unit of a control and / or regulating unit. In addition, a control and / or regulating unit could communicate with other components of a heater device by means of radio and / or in another manner known per se.

FIG. 2 shows a possible curve of the desired air ratio λ as a function of the heating power P. On an ordinate axis 80, the desired air ratio λ is shown. On an abscissa axis 82, the heating power P is shown in%. A curve 84 shows an exemplary course of the desired air ratio λ as a function of the heating power P. For heating powers P less than 70%, the desired air ratio λ in the present case corresponds to 1.3. Furthermore, the desired air ratio λ for heat outputs P decreases by more than 70%, as a result of which the combustion can be optimized. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to keep a desired air ratio constant over an entire heating power, advantageously between 1 and 1.35.

FIG. 3 shows the characteristic curve 14, in particular for the use of natural gas. The characteristic curve 14 is designed as a heating capacity-air ratio characteristic curve. The characteristic curve 14 corresponds while a characteristic curve for the desired air ratio λ of 1.3. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to use a characteristic curve for another air ratio, such as, for example, the air ratio 1.0 and / or any other air ratio. In addition, it is conceivable to use liquefied petroleum gas as fuel, as a result of which a curve of the characteristic changes. On an ordinate axis 48, the nominal air-fuel _ratio I _λ in μA is shown. In this case, the desired air-fuel _{ratio parameter} I _λ corresponds to a first characteristic value of the characteristic curve 14. The heating power P in% is shown on an abscissa axis 50. The heating power P corresponds to a second characteristic value of the characteristic curve 14. A curve 52 shows an exemplary curve of the characteristic curve 14. In the present case, therefore, the nominal air-figure characteristic _parameter I _{λ is represented} by the heating power P. In addition, varies, in particular FIG. 3 shows, the target Luftzahlkenngröße I _λ with the heating power P. The control and / or regulating unit 12 is provided to remove depending on a requested heating power P an associated target Luftzahlkenngröße I _λ from the characteristic curve 14 and / or read and the Luftzahlkenngröße set to this target air _{ratio characteristic} I _λ , in particular in the manner of a scheme. In the present case, the characteristic curve 14 and / or the curve 52 corresponds to a characteristic curve which was originally stored in the memory unit 20 and in particular when the heater device 32 is manufactured. Accordingly, the characteristic curve 14, in particular the desired air-fuel _{ratio parameter} I _λ for the corresponding heating power P, at least at the beginning and / or in the case of a new heater device 32, forms the desired air-fuel ratio directly. In this case, a current characteristic curve corresponds to an actual characteristic curve.

With increasing age and / or increasing operating time T of the heater system 10, the characteristic curve 14, in particular the current characteristic curve, deviates increasingly from an actual characteristic curve due to aging processes, in particular of the sensor 46. In this case, one, especially in FIG. 3 shown, nominal air-fuel _{ratio parameter} I _λ , in particular current setpoint air-fuel _ratio , no longer coincide with an actual desired air-fuel ratio, in which the air-fuel ratio corresponds to the desired air-fuel _ratio . An operation of the heater system 10, in particular the heater device 32, in this case leads to increased pollutant emissions, acoustic disturbances, overheating problems and / or a shortened life.

In particular, since such aging variations can not be measured directly by the heater system 10, the heater system 10 includes a detection unit 26, particularly for indirect detection of such aging variations. The detection unit 26 has an operative connection with the second doser 30. In the present case, the detection unit 26 has an electrical connection with the second metering device 30. Furthermore, the detection unit 26 has an operative connection with the control and / or regulating unit 12. In the present case, the detection unit 26 has an electrical connection to the control and / or regulating unit 12. The detection unit 26 is provided to monitor a plurality of setting parameters for a plurality of different heating powers P. In the present case, the detection unit 26 is provided to monitor an operating position of the second metering device 30, in particular a valve opening position. Accordingly, the Einstellkenngröße the operating position of the second meter 30 corresponds. In addition, the Einstellkenngröße is correlated with the desired Luftzahlkenngröße I _λ . The detection unit 26 is further provided to compare the Einstellkenngröße with a reference Einstellkenngröße. The reference setting parameter corresponds to an initial, in particular initially stored in the memory unit 20, operating position of the second meter 30. The detection unit 26 is thus intended to detect a current operating position of the second meter 30 at a certain heat output P and the initial operating position of the second meter 30 for this heating power P to compare. Further, the detection unit 26 is provided to cause an adjustment of the characteristic curve 14 in the event of a deviation Δ of the setting parameter from the reference setting parameter, which is greater than a limit value. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to completely dispense with a detection unit. In this case, for example, automatically after a certain and / or determinable time duration, in particular operating time, an adaptation of a characteristic curve for setting a Luftzahlkenngröße to a desired Luftzahlkenngröße done and / or an adjustment of the characteristic be prompted. In addition, it is conceivable that a detection unit is provided to output an error message and / or a maintenance message in the event of a deviation of a setting parameter from a reference setting parameter, which is greater than a limit value.

FIG. 4 shows a deviation Δ of the setting parameter from the reference setting parameter and in particular the current operating position to the initial operating position for six different heating powers P. An ordinate axis 54 shows the deviation Δ of the setting parameter from the reference setting parameter in%. An operating time T of the heater device 32 in hours is shown on an abscissa axis 56. A curve 58 shows by way of example a time profile of the deviation Δ of the setting parameter from the reference setting parameter for a heating power P of at least 80% and advantageously a maximum heating power P. FIG. 4 shows that the deviation Δ of the setting parameter from the reference setting parameter, in particular at least for the curve 58, increases with the operating time T. This trend is correlated with a change in the actual nominal air-figure parameter, in the present case in particular a decreasing trend of the actual nominal air-figure parameter. Exceeds the deviation Δ thereby a limit, an adjustment of the characteristic curve 14 is caused in the present case.

For an adaptation of the characteristic 14 and in particular an adaptation of the nominal air-figure characteristic I _λ , in particular current desired air-figure characteristic, to an actual desired air-figure characteristic, the heater system 10 comprises an adaptation unit 16. The adaptation unit 16 is at least partially integrated into the heater device 32. The adaptation unit 16 has at least one active connection with the control and / or regulating unit 12. In the present case, the adaptation unit 16 is at least partially integrated into the control and / or regulating unit 12. A part of the adaptation unit 16 integrated in the control and / or regulating unit 12 corresponds to a control unit 60 of the adaptation unit 16. The adaptation unit 16 is provided to take into account at least two different heating powers P for adaptation of the characteristic curve 14. In the present case, the adaptation unit 16 is provided to take into account for the adaptation of the characteristic curve 14 at least six different heating powers P. A number of the different heating powers P is adapted to a modulation range of the heater device 32. The adaptation unit 16 is provided in at least one operating state, in particular during a normal operation of the heater device 32, for a coarse adjustment of the characteristic curve 14, in particular taking into account at least two different heating powers P. In this context, a "coarse adjustment" should be understood to mean, in particular, an adjustment whereby a current desired air-ratio characteristic and / or an adjusted desired air-data parameter may deviate from an actual desired air-data parameter, but a trend and / or a tendency of the adjustment correspond to FIG actual nominal air ratio. In addition, the adaptation unit 16 is provided in the present case in at least one further operating state, in particular a maintenance operating state, for a fine adaptation of the characteristic curve 14, in particular taking into account at least two different heating powers P. A "fine adjustment" is intended in particular to mean at least substantially exact, in particular a setting that is exact, at least within the scope of production engineering possibilities and / or within the framework, in particular for proper operation, permissible tolerances, wherein a current desired air-fuel ratio corresponds to an actual desired air-fuel ratio. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to dispense with a fine adjustment or a coarse adjustment. In particular, in the latter case, it is conceivable to form an adaptation unit completely separate from a heater device, such as an external maintenance device or the like.

For coarse adjustment of the characteristic curve 14, at least two reference characteristic curves 22, 24 are stored in the memory unit 20 of the control and / or regulating unit 12 (cf. FIG. 5 ). In this case, the reference characteristic curves 22, 24 respectively correspond to a heating power-air-ratio characteristic curve for different operating periods T of the heater device 32. The reference characteristic curves 22, 24 are determined in the present case by means of a simulation and already during the production of the heater system 10 and / or the heater device 32 stored in the memory unit 20. The reference characteristic curves 22, 24 define reference nominal air- _{figure characteristics} I _λR and correspond at least substantially to actual nominal air-figure characteristics at least for the respective operating period T. The adaptation unit 16, in particular the control unit 60 of the adaptation unit 16, is provided for this purpose, in particular in the case of one Caused by the detection unit 26 and / or at regular time intervals, the characteristic curve 14 using the reference characteristics 22, 24 adapt. In this case, the adaptation unit 16, in particular the control unit 60 of the adaptation unit 16, is provided for the characteristic curve 14, in particular as a function of an operating time T and / or the stored reference characteristic curves 22, 24, directly and / or by means of interpolation and / or extrapolation between the reference characteristics 22, 24 adapt. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to deposit reference characteristic curves in a further memory unit deviating from a memory unit of a control and / or regulating unit. In addition, it is conceivable to update reference characteristic curves at regular intervals and / or to store them in a storage unit of a heating system after a certain period of operation and / or during maintenance. A different number of reference characteristic curves could also be stored in a memory unit, such as at least three, at least four and / or at least six reference characteristic curves.

FIG. 5 shows by way of example the reference characteristics 22, 24, in particular for the use of natural gas. The reference characteristic curves 22, 24 each correspond to a characteristic curve for the nominal air ratio λ of 1.3. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to use a characteristic curve for another air ratio, such as, for example, the air ratio 1.0 and / or any other air ratio. In addition, it is conceivable to use liquefied petroleum gas as fuel, which changes the course of the characteristic curves. On an ordinate axis 62 reference nominal air _ratio I _λR in μA is shown. On an abscissa axis 64, the heating power P is shown in%. A curve 66 shows an exemplary course of a first reference characteristic curve 22 of the reference characteristic curves 22, 24. The first reference characteristic curve 22 and / or the curve 66 corresponds to a characteristic originally stored in the memory unit 20, in particular when the heater device 32 is manufactured , Accordingly, the first reference characteristic curve 22 in the present case corresponds to the characteristic curve 14. A curve 68 shows an exemplary profile of a second reference characteristic curve 24 of the reference characteristic curves 22, 24. The second reference characteristic curve 24 and / or the curve 68 corresponds to one simulated characteristic for an operating time T of the heater device 32 of 1145 hours.

In addition, the adaptation unit 16 is provided in a maintenance operating state for a fine adjustment of the characteristic curve 14. In this case, the adaptation unit 16 is provided to determine a combustion parameter for at least two different heating powers P. In the present case, the adaptation unit 16 is provided for determining a combustion parameter for at least six different heating powers P. In the present case, the combustion parameter corresponds to a carbon dioxide content, in particular a CO ₂ content, of the combustion gas, in particular of the exhaust gas, the heating flame 44. For this purpose, the adaptation unit 16 comprises a calibration unit 70. The calibration unit 70 is formed separately from the heater device 32. The calibration unit 70 corresponds to an external and in particular portable maintenance device. The calibration unit 70 has an operative connection with the control unit 60 of the adaptation unit 16. The calibration unit 70 has an operative connection with the control and / or regulating unit 12. In the present case, the calibration unit 70 and the control and / or regulating unit 12 each have at least one connection interface for communication. A communication between the calibration unit 70 and the control and / or regulating unit 12 is in particular wired and / or advantageously wireless. The calibration unit 70 is provided for determining the combustion characteristic. For this purpose, the calibration unit 70 at least in the maintenance mode and in particular in the present case temporarily, advantageously by a service employee, arranged in the combustion gas and / or introduced into the combustion gas.

The adaptation unit 16 is provided for setting the combustion parameter determined in particular by the calibration unit 70 to a desired combustion parameter Ec. In the present case, the adaptation unit 16 is provided to set the combustion parameter separately and in particular for several, in the present case in particular six, heating powers P individually to the desired combustion characteristic Ec. In addition, the adaptation unit 16 is provided to set the combustion parameter at least substantially automatically and / or automatically to the desired combustion parameter Ec. For this purpose, the calibration unit 70 comprises at least one further memory unit 72 in which a further characteristic curve 18 is stored (cf. FIG. 6 ). The further characteristic curve 18 corresponds to a heating capacity-combustion characteristic curve.

In a set operating state, in particular in an operating state in which the combustion parameter corresponds to the desired combustion parameter Ec, the adaptation unit 16 is provided to determine an actual nominal air-figure parameter, in particular by means of the sensor 46, for the corresponding heating power P. Subsequently, the adaptation unit 16 is provided to adjust the characteristic curve 14 by means of the actual nominal Luftzahlkenngröße. The adaptation unit 16 is then provided to repeat the process for the further heating powers P. The adaptation unit 16 is provided for replacing the desired air-fuel _{ratio parameters} I _λ , in particular the current desired air-fuel characteristics, of the characteristic 14 directly and / or by means of interpolation and / or extrapolation between the determined actual desired air-figure characteristics. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to integrate a calibration unit in a heater device. Furthermore, a combustion parameter could in principle also correspond to an oxygen content and / or a pollutant emission of a combustion gas. It is also conceivable that an adaptation unit and / or a calibration unit could have an actuation unit for the manual setting of combustion parameters to nominal combustion characteristics. Furthermore, a further characteristic could also be stored in a memory unit deviating from a further memory unit of a calibration unit, for example a memory unit of a control and / or regulating unit.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a curve of the further characteristic curve 18. On an ordinate axis 74, the desired combustion parameter Ec in Vol% is shown. The desired combustion parameter Ec corresponds to a first further characteristic value of the further characteristic curve 18. The abscissa axis 76 shows the heating power P in%. The heating power P in this case corresponds to a second further characteristic value of the further characteristic curve 18. A curve 78 shows an exemplary curve of the further characteristic curve 18. In the present case, therefore, the desired combustion parameter Ec is represented by the heating power P. As FIG. 6 shows, the target combustion characteristic Ec varies with the heating power P, in particular for heating powers P above 70%. The adaptation unit 16 is provided in the maintenance operating state as a function of a requested heating power P to remove and / or read off an associated desired combustion characteristic Ec from the further characteristic curve 18 and to set the combustion characteristic to this desired combustion parameter Ec. Subsequently, the adaptation unit 16 is provided to determine the actual desired air-fuel ratio and to replace the current desired air-fuel ratio of the characteristic curve 14 by the determined actual desired air-fuel ratio.

FIG. 7 also shows an example of a relationship between the desired combustion parameter E _c and the air ratio and / or the desired air ratio λ. On an ordinate axis 86, the air ratio and / or the desired air ratio λ is shown. On an abscissa axis 88, the desired combustion parameter Ec is shown in% by volume. A curve 90 shows an exemplary course of the desired combustion characteristic Ec as a function of the air ratio and / or the desired air ratio λ.

Alternatively or additionally, a combustion parameter could also correspond to an oxygen content, in particular an O ₂ content, of the combustion gas, in particular of the exhaust gas, of the heating flame 44. The FIGS. 8 and 9 show, analogous to the FIGS. 6 and 7 , By way of example a curve of the target combustion parameter Ec for the use of an oxygen content, in particular an O ₂ content, as a combustion characteristic.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a course of an alternative or additional to the other characteristic curve 18. On an ordinate axis 92, the desired combustion parameter Ec is shown in% by volume. On an abscissa axis 94 is the Heating power P displayed in%. A curve 96 shows an exemplary course of the characteristic curve which is alternative or additional to the further characteristic curve 18.

FIG. 9 also shows by way of example a relationship between the desired combustion parameter Ec according to FIG. 8 and the air ratio and / or the desired air ratio λ. On an ordinate axis 98, the air ratio and / or the desired air ratio λ is shown. On an abscissa axis 100, the desired combustion parameter Ec is shown in% by volume. A curve 102 shows an exemplary course of the desired combustion characteristic Ec as a function of the air ratio and / or the desired air ratio λ.

Claims (10)

1. Heating device system (10) in particular gas and/or oil burner system, having an open-loop and/or closed-loop control unit (12), which is provided to set an air-fuel ratio of combustion to an air-fuel ratio setpoint (I_λ) by using at least one characteristic curve (14), and having at least one adaptation unit (16), which is provided to adapt the characteristic curve (14) in at least one operating state,
   the adaptation unit (16) being provided to adapt the characteristic curve (14) to take at least two different heating outputs (P) into account, characterized by
   at least one memory unit (20), in which at least two reference characteristic curves (22, 24) for different operating periods (T) are stored, wherein the adaptation unit (16) is provided to adapt the characteristic curve (14) in the operating state by using the reference characteristic curves (22, 24).
2. Heating device system (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the characteristic curve (14) corresponds to a heating output air-fuel ratio characteristic curve.
3. Heating device system (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air-fuel ratio corresponds to an ionization signal from the combustion.
4. Heating device system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the operating state for adapting the characteristic curve (14), the adaptation unit (16) is provided to determine at least one combustion parameter respectively for the at least two different heating outputs (P).
5. Heating device system (10) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the combustion parameter corresponds to an oxygen content and/or a carbon dioxide content of a combustion gas from the combustion.
6. Heating device system (10) according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the adaptation unit (16) is provided to set the combustion parameter to a combustion parameter setpoint (E_c) by using a further characteristic curve (18) and, in a set state of the combustion parameter, to adapt the characteristic curve (14).
7. Heating device system (10) according to Claim 6, characterized in that the further characteristic curve (18) corresponds to a heating output combustion parameter characteristic curve.
8. Heating device system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one detection unit (26), which is designed to monitor at least one adjustment parameter and, in the event of a deviation (Δ) of the adjustment parameter from a reference adjustment parameter which is greater than a limiting value, to initiate an adaptation of the characteristic curve (14) .
9. Heating device system (10) according to Claim 8, characterized by at least one metering unit (30) for fuel, wherein the adjustment parameter corresponds to an operating position of the metering unit (30) for fuel.
10. Method with a heating device system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an air-fuel ratio of combustion is set to an air-fuel ratio setpoint (I_λ) by using a characteristic curve (14), and, in at least one operating state, the characteristic curve (14) is adapted whilst taking at least two different heating outputs (P) into account.

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