EP3354352B1 - Coating assembly and method for operating same - Google Patents

Coating assembly and method for operating same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3354352B1
EP3354352B1 EP18151980.2A EP18151980A EP3354352B1 EP 3354352 B1 EP3354352 B1 EP 3354352B1 EP 18151980 A EP18151980 A EP 18151980A EP 3354352 B1 EP3354352 B1 EP 3354352B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
workpieces
stations
transport system
workpiece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP18151980.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3354352A1 (en
Inventor
Horst Dietrich
Aurel Schmitt
Torsten Eschenauer
Dino Bortot
Julia Holzapfel
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/0221Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work characterised by the means for moving or conveying the objects or other work, e.g. conveyor belts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0447Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles
    • B05B13/0452Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles the conveyed articles being vehicle bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B16/00Spray booths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B16/00Spray booths
    • B05B16/20Arrangements for spraying in combination with other operations, e.g. drying; Arrangements enabling a combination of spraying operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B16/00Spray booths
    • B05B16/90Spray booths comprising conveying means for moving objects or other work to be sprayed in and out of the booth, e.g. through the booth

Definitions

  • each workpiece passes through each coating station, or even each oven or each evaporation zone, regardless of whether this particular process step is required in individual cases or not.
  • a corresponding coating system is thus designed for a fixed predetermined sequence of coating process steps and thus can only meet the increasingly increasing number of coating variants by coating stations for all theoretically required coating process steps are kept, which in an individual case with no need for a respective coating process step be deactivated.
  • certain workpieces or paint materials require a shorter furnace time than others.
  • the patent document EP 1 702 687 B1 attempts - at least in the field of painting - to compensate for this disadvantage that the line structure of the transport system is fanned out in sections and a plurality of parallel alternatively approachable coating stations are provided, which are designed such that all coating process steps for a painting process can be performed in one and the same processing station, in particular the interior and exterior painting of a vehicle. After leaving the alternatively approachable coating stations, the section-fanned-out line structure of the transport system is brought together again. Each processing station must therefore be equipped in a complex manner with all processing devices, which are necessary for complete painting with all the respective coating process steps.
  • Process-related waiting times may be required even when applying several coats of paint, namely, possible flash off times between the application of the different coats, in which no coating can take place in the workstation, even though the work piece is located in it, so that additional dead times arise as a result.
  • the EP 1745 858 A2 discloses a coating device for coating workpieces with a) at least one application device for applying a coating agent to the workpieces and b) a feed device for feeding the workpieces into a suitable coating position relative to the application device.
  • the feed device has at least one handling robot which brings the workpieces into the coating position relative to the application device.
  • the DE 10 2010 032143 A1 discloses a system for the surface treatment of objects, in particular of body parts, comprising at least two treatment cabins which each specify a treatment space.
  • the objects can be conveyed along a conveying path to respectively one of the treatment cabins, into the treatment room of this treatment cubicle, out of the treatment room of this treatment cubicle and away from this treatment cubicle.
  • Each treatment cabin is comprised in each case by a modular unit in the form of a treatment module, which can be moved as such and can be arranged and fixed detachably in an operating position relative to the conveying path.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to dissolve the sequential chaining of the individual coating process steps, which has been firmly prescribed by the transport system ever since.
  • it is no longer possible to approach the corresponding coating station with the workpiece, which advantageously enables a reduction in the number of coating stations or an increased utilization of the coating stations of the coating system according to the invention and reduced transfer times.
  • a coating station is typically configured more like a cab, with the workpiece to be coated, for example, being moved in and out centrally over one of the front sides of the cabin. An extension is also possible without further ado on the opposite end face.
  • robots may be provided for coating with a sealant such as PVC or for painting.
  • a coating station can also - for example, in the case of multi-colored paint - have manual workstations, if the coating work to be done can not be fully automated.
  • Door and hood opener robots are also common processing components in coating stations.
  • a coating station is to be provided in an advantageous manner with an enclosure and air-conditioned in particular in the case of painting.
  • a coating station is typically designed to be similar to a basin, wherein a coating requires immersion of the workpiece in the basin filled with a respective coating liquid.
  • a coating requires immersion of the workpiece in the basin filled with a respective coating liquid.
  • it may be necessary to immerse in one or more tanks filled with different coating liquids.
  • Immersion of an automobile body in such a pelvis may be via a heavy duty robot which removes the automobile body from another component of the transport system, such as an automated guided vehicle (FTS) vehicle, using an adapter device.
  • a basin may optionally also have its own diving device, to which the workpiece or the automobile body is then transferred from the transport system.
  • the transport system is designed such that the workpieces can be moved individually and independently between the at least two coating stations and the at least one transfer point.
  • a complete flexibility of an individual transport is not required, but rather depends on the boundary conditions specified by the coating process.
  • a workpiece to be coated or an automobile body is transferred to the transport system of the coating installation or a finished coated workpiece is transferred to a further transport system for further processing from the coating installation.
  • the boundaries here are fluent, it is also quite possible that a workpiece to be painted from the shell directly by means of a driverless transport system is placed in a coating station of the coating plant. In this case, the entry point of the driverless transport system in the area of the coating system would be considered as a transfer point.
  • the workpieces to be coated are mounted on a workpiece carrier, which in turn is tuned to the transport system.
  • the transport system may include, for example, a driverless transport system with a plurality of autonomously moving transport vehicles, which are each intended to receive a workpiece or an automobile body, which then reciprocate individually according to the requirements, inter alia, between the coating stations.
  • a transport vehicle has reached a coating station, it is also conceivable that such a transport vehicle enters the coating station together with the workpiece, after the coating has run out of it again and, for example, continues on to the next coating station.
  • the workpiece is transferred on reaching the coating station of the transport vehicle or a corresponding transfer device on a coating station related transport system and after the coating back to this or another transport vehicle. This is advantageous, for example, in the case of a basin for a precoating, because otherwise the transport vehicle would at least partially also submerge in the coating liquid of the basin.
  • a control device which controls the coating plant on the basis of a production plan.
  • the production plan can be created on the basis of the data of pending coating operations according to the respective required coating process steps, wherein for each workpiece an individual order is determined according to which the respective workpiece by means of the automatic transport system for coating in a respective suitable processing stations or to other components of the coating system spend is.
  • the latter comprises at least one coating station for carrying out a plurality of different successive coating process steps. Not every coating station must be provided exclusively for carrying out a single coating process step, even if an excessive integration density of process steps in one and the same coating station often leads to a disproportionate effort in the realization of a corresponding coating station.
  • the relevant coating station can also be connected directly downstream of a flash zone and / or an oven. It is also conceivable to integrate such functionalities directly into a coating station.
  • a significant advantage of the coating system according to the invention over the prior art is that by means of the transport system a change of the workpiece from one coating station to another between two successive coating process steps is always possible, even if such a change due to the design of the respective coating stations would theoretically not be necessary , In this way, a significantly increased flexibility in the overall operation of the coating system is achieved precisely when using coating stations, which are provided for the implementation of several different process steps or different variants of one and the same process step.
  • the coating installation comprises at least two identical coating stations for carrying out similar or identical coating process steps.
  • the coating installation according to the invention comprises at least two different coating stations for carrying out similar or identical coating process steps.
  • at least one, but ideally most of the coating stations are provided for coating different types of workpieces.
  • a coating process step P for a workpiece X may be performed by the coating stations A, B and C and for a workpiece Y through the coating stations B, C and D.
  • Stations B and C are thus suitable for both workpieces.
  • these can be distributed in a flexible manner to the coating stations A, B, C and D, so that the highest possible utilization rate is achieved.
  • the process step combination P2 + P3 is equally executable by coating stations D and E in this case.
  • the assumed very rarely occurring process step combination P1 + P4 can be represented only together by the coating stations D and E, in which case a transport of the workpiece from coating station D to E is required, which however can be realized without problems by the transport system of the coating system according to the invention.
  • the process step combinations P1 + P2, P1 + P3, P2 + P3, P2 + P4, as well as P3 + P4 can also be represented jointly by the coating stations D and E.
  • the coating system according to the invention can therefore react in a flexible manner to a high variance in the coating processes to be carried out, while still allowing a high utilization of the coating stations. Nevertheless, it is advantageously avoided that each coating station is equipped to the maximum extent possible for carrying out each of the relevant coating process steps.
  • An essential prerequisite for this is the automatic transport system, by means of which the workpieces can be moved individually and independently between the coating stations.
  • the latter comprises at least one temporary store for workpieces in which workpieces can be individually and independently loaded or unloaded by means of the automatic transport system.
  • the cache is - similar to the processing stations - in the transport system integrated, with the option also exists that a separate cache-related transport system is provided, to which a workpiece is transferred in case of storage, for example, from a vehicle of a driverless transport system, or from which a workpiece in the event of outsourcing to a vehicle of a driverless transport system is handed over.
  • a vehicle of a driverless transport system or from which a workpiece in the event of outsourcing to a vehicle of a driverless transport system is handed over.
  • another suitable means of transport is selected, for example, a bottom conveyor as part of the transport system.
  • an intermediate memory can achieve a temporal equalization in carrying out the coating process steps and thus an increased utilization of the coating stations. If, for example, due to the current volume of workpieces to be coated, a temporary bottleneck prevails during the processing of a coating process step P1 but sufficient capacity is currently available for the process steps P2, P3 and P4, then those workpieces which require the process step P1 can be stored in the temporary storage until an appropriate processing capacity is available again. Of course, as a boundary condition, possibly material-related process times must be taken into account. The prerequisite for this procedure, in turn, is the automatic transport system, by means of which the workpieces can be moved individually and independently between the coating stations and also the temporary storage.
  • the at least one buffer store is configured as an evaporation zone, cooling zone and / or furnace at least in some areas.
  • the requirements of the applied coating material according to any furnace or Abdunst- or cooling times are provided.
  • appropriate furnaces, evaporation zones or cooling zones are to be provided in the coating installation, which are likewise to be integrated into the transport system of the coating installation according to the invention.
  • At least one of these zones or an oven is integrated as a separate area in the temporary storage.
  • After passing through a workpiece through a zone for example, it can be transferred to a regular storage location.
  • the buffer has its own transport system.
  • the at least one buffer is pronounced as a high-bay warehouse. Due to the relatively low height of a workpiece or an automobile body, for example, a ceiling height of a multi-storey high-bay warehouse of 2.5 m is usually sufficient. For the transport of the workpieces between the floors of the high-bay warehouse a corresponding transport system is provided in this case, for example in the form of an elevator. In this way, both the space requirement of a coating system with temporary storage can be reduced as well as the buffer storage internal traverse paths required for storage or retrieval.
  • a typical full-scale coating in the automotive sector includes a painting application, a PVC application for sealing seams on the automobile body, and pretreatment. Therefore, it is provided according to the invention that at least one of the coating stations of the coating installation according to the invention is provided for a coating application, at least one of the coating stations for a PVC application and / or at least one of the coating stations for a dip application or other pretreatment.
  • this has a circular, square or comparable polygonal ground plan which has approximately the same width as its length.
  • the automatic transport system comprises a driverless transport system, a crane-like lifting device, a robot and / or a branched track-bound conveyor system.
  • Driverless transport systems have a large number of autonomously along corresponding travels movable self-propelled and mostly centrally coordinated hall vehicles, which are not track bound and therefore, for example, can pass each other. These are particularly suitable for an inventive individual transport of workpieces.
  • crane-like lifting devices and robots are suitable means for an individual transport of workpieces, in particular for the loading of workpieces from one transport system to another.
  • robots can also be used as a local transport device assigned to a coating station, for example for immersing a workpiece in a basin filled with a coating liquid.
  • a track-bound conveying system is also suitable-at least in subsections-for transporting workpieces according to the invention.
  • no purely sequential transport structure is given more and an individual transport of workpieces at least possible.
  • this is intended for coating automobile bodies.
  • the coating systems must also be adapted accordingly in their dimensions.
  • the operation of a production plant is characterized by the fact that all the workpieces to be coated are to be coated in the required quality, whereby the number and type of the workpieces as well as the characteristic data about their respective individual coating are predetermined by the current order situation.
  • the aim of the operation of a coating system is, in addition to a high-quality coating, to ensure, on average, the highest possible utilization of the coating stations, regardless of the type and coating requirements of the workpieces currently being coated.
  • This is made possible by a correspondingly optimized production plan.
  • This specifies the individual series and sequence in which the workpieces are each to be transferred to the various coating stations or other analog components such as a buffer, oven, evaporation zone or the like.
  • a production plan can be prepared in advance for a given expected production volume for a given period of time, for example for a full day, and also adjusted as needed with changing boundary conditions.
  • boundary conditions include, for example, production-logistical boundary conditions such as the earliest and latest date on which a workpiece has to be finished coated or else material-specific process specifications such as minimum / maximum evaporation time, furnace time and drying time.
  • the prerequisite for sustainable optimization is that as many optimization degrees of freedom as possible are given, ie parameters that can be influenced to achieve the optimization goal.
  • the transport system of the coating installation according to the invention by means of which the workpieces can be moved individually and independently between the at least two coating stations and the at least one transfer station, correspondingly many degrees of freedom are provided for a successful optimization.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary first coating system 10 for workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 - in this example, automobile bodies - in a schematic plan view.
  • a plurality of coating stations 12, 14 for seam sealing by means of PVC, a plurality of coating stations 16, 18 for painting and a plurality of coating stations 20, 22, 24 for pretreatment are arranged on a rectangular base area.
  • a buffer memory 40 is provided in which the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 can be stored and retrieved.
  • a transport system 38 is provided to individually and independently transfer the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 between the coating stations 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, the buffer 40, and two transfer points 42, 44 is indicated by the dashed lines.
  • the dashed lines in this example do not represent a direct lane but rather a driving corridor along which the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 are transportable by means of vehicles of an unillustrated automated transport system.
  • the transfer point 42 identifies the entry location of a workpiece to be coated in the area of the coating installation, and the transfer point 44 identifies the exit location of a finished coated workpiece from the coating installation.
  • the coating stations 12, 14 for seam sealing by means of PVC comprise three or two coating robots 26, 28, which are arranged on both sides of the central coating position of the respective workpiece to be coated.
  • the coating stations 16, 18 for painting each comprise four coating robots, which are arranged on both sides of the central coating position of the workpiece to be coated. An entry and removal of a workpiece in this Coating stations 12, 14, 16, 18 is possible at their respective two end faces, so as to achieve the highest possible flexibility.
  • the coating stations 20, 22, 24 for pretreatment are arranged in a semicircle.
  • a workpiece 30, 32, 34, 36 can be removed from the transport system 38 by means of a robot provided in the center of the circle and not shown in this image and optionally immersed in one of the coating stations 20, 22, 24 designed as a dip tank.
  • the plunge pools have separate Garroist transport devices for the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36, so that the robot is required only for the entry and exit and can serve all the plunge pool in parallel.
  • the buffer 40 is designed as a matrix-like constructed high-bay warehouse, in which the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 can be stored.
  • the buffer has a furnace, not shown, with downstream cooling zone.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary second coating system 50 for workpieces in a schematic plan view.
  • Several coating stations 52 for seam sealing by means of PVC, several coating stations 54 for painting and a plurality of coating stations 56 for pretreatment are arranged.
  • a buffer 60 is provided, in which the workpieces can be stored and retrieved.
  • a transport system 62 is provided to move the workpieces between the coating stations 52, 54, 56 and the buffer 60.
  • the coating system 50 is characterized by a hexagonal ground plan 64, which allows particularly short travel paths of the workpieces.
  • the pretreatment stations 56 are indicated in this case as multiple immersion basins arranged in two circular formations.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a schematic side view 70 a vehicle 72 of an automated guided transport system (FTS) with a workpiece 74 disposed thereon, in this case an automobile body.
  • the vehicle 72 has its own drive and its own steering and is intended to move independently within certain corridors on the bottom surface of a coating system.
  • FTS automated guided transport system

Landscapes

  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Beschichtungsanlage zur automatischen Serienbeschichtung von Werkstücken, deren Beschichtung mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Beschichtungsprozessschritte erfordert, umfassend

  • wenigstens zwei Beschichtungsstationen mit jeweiligen Beschichtungsvorrichtungen zur Durchführung jeweils wenigstens eines Beschichtungsprozessschrittes,
  • wenigstens eine Übergabestelle,
wobei ein automatisches Transportsystem vorgesehen ist, mittels welchem die Werkstücke individuell und unabhängig voneinander zwischen den wenigstens zwei Beschichtungsstationen und der wenigstens einen Übergabestelle verbringbar sind.The invention relates to a method for operating a coating system for automatic series coating of workpieces, the coating of which requires a plurality of successive coating process steps
  • at least two coating stations with respective coating devices for carrying out in each case at least one coating process step,
  • at least one transfer point,
wherein an automatic transport system is provided, by means of which the workpieces are individually and independently from each other between the at least two coating stations and the at least one transfer point can be brought.

Es ist bekannt, dass die industrielle Beschichtung von Werkstücken, beispielsweise von Automobilkarosserien, eine Vielzahl von Beschichtungsprozessen erfordert, wie beispielsweise das Nahtabdichten mittels PVC, eine Vorbeschichtung mittels kathodischer Tauchlackierung oder das Lackieren der Automobilkarosserie. Jeder dieser Beschichtungsprozesse ist seinerseits wieder in verschiedene Prozessschritte beziehungsweise Beschichtungsprozessschritte untergliedert, beispielsweise beim Lackieren eine Vorbeschichtung mit einem Füller, eine nachfolgende - gegebenenfalls mehrschichtige - Lackierung mit einem Basislack, sowie eine anschließende Lackierung mit einem Klarlack. Fernerhin ist auch zwischen einer Außen- und einer Innenlackierung zu unterscheiden. Zwischen den verschiedenen Beschichtungsprozessschritten sind darüber hinaus den Anforderungen des applizierten Beschichtungsmaterials entsprechend eventuelle Ofen- oder Abdunstzeiten vorzusehen.It is known that the industrial coating of workpieces, for example of automobile bodies, requires a large number of coating processes, such as, for example, seam sealing by means of PVC, precoating by means of cathodic dip-coating or painting of the automobile body. Each of these coating processes is in turn subdivided into different process steps or coating process steps, for example, during coating a precoating with a filler, a subsequent - optionally multi-layer - coating with a basecoat, and a subsequent coating with a clearcoat. Furthermore, it is also between an exterior and an interior painting to distinguish. In addition, between the various coating process steps, the requirements of the applied coating material must be provided according to possible oven or evaporation times.

Für die jeweiligen Beschichtungsprozessschritte sind zumeist separate Beschichtungsstationen sowie zugehörige Öfen, Abdunstzonen und Kühlzonen vorgesehen, welche von einem zu beschichtenden Werkstück beziehungsweise einer Automobilkarosserie in sequentieller Weise auf beispielsweise einem Linienförderer durchquert werden. Jedes Werkstück durchläuft aus diesem Grund jede Beschichtungsstation, beziehungsweise auch jeden Ofen oder jede Abdunstzone, unabhängig davon, ob dieser jeweilige Prozessschritt im individuellen Einzelfall erforderlich ist oder nicht.Separate coating stations and associated furnaces, evaporation zones and cooling zones are usually provided for the respective coating process steps, which are traversed by a workpiece to be coated or an automobile body in a sequential manner, for example on a line conveyor. For this reason, each workpiece passes through each coating station, or even each oven or each evaporation zone, regardless of whether this particular process step is required in individual cases or not.

Nachteilig hierbei ist, dass eine entsprechende Beschichtungsanlage somit für eine fest vorgegebene Abfolge von Beschichtungsprozessschritten ausgelegt ist und damit der zunehmend steigenden Anzahl an Beschichtungsvarianten nur entsprechen kann, indem Beschichtungsstationen für alle theoretisch benötigten Beschichtungsprozessschritte vorgehalten werden, welche im Einzelfall bei nicht-Notwendigkeit eines jeweiligen Beschichtungsprozessschrittes deaktiviert werden. So kann es beispielsweise erforderlich sein, dass bei bestimmten Beschichtungsvarianten eine Beschichtung mit einem Füller entfällt oder auch, dass ein Teil der zu beschichtenden Werkstücke mit einer mehrfarbigen Lackierung zu versehen ist. Ebenso ist es denkbar, dass bestimmte Werkstücke bzw. Lackmaterialien eine geringere Ofenzeit erfordern als andere.The disadvantage here is that a corresponding coating system is thus designed for a fixed predetermined sequence of coating process steps and thus can only meet the increasingly increasing number of coating variants by coating stations for all theoretically required coating process steps are kept, which in an individual case with no need for a respective coating process step be deactivated. Thus, for example, it may be necessary for certain coating variants to eliminate a coating with a filler, or for some of the workpieces to be coated to be provided with a multicolored coating. It is also conceivable that certain workpieces or paint materials require a shorter furnace time than others.

Aufgrund der sequentiellen, linienartigen Förderung der zu lackierenden Werkstücke durch die Beschichtungsstationen einer Beschichtungsanlage entstehen mit zunehmender Variantenvielfalt daher zunehmend ungenutzte Totzeiten von Beschichtungsstationen, nämlich genau dann, wenn diese von einem Werkstück durchlaufen werden, welches den zugehörigen Beschichtungsprozessschritt nicht benötigt und die jeweiligen Bearbeitungskomponenten während der Durchlaufzeit nicht aktiviert werden.Due to the sequential, line-like promotion of the workpieces to be painted by the coating stations of a coating system with increasing variety therefore increasingly unused dead times of coating stations, namely precisely if they are traversed by a workpiece, which does not require the associated coating process step and the respective processing components during the Cycle time can not be activated.

Das Patentdokument EP 1 702 687 B1 versucht - zumindest im Bereich des Lackierens - diesen Nachteil dadurch auszugleichen, dass die Linienstruktur des Transportsystems abschnittsweise aufgefächert wird und mehrere parallele alternativ anfahrbare Beschichtungsstationen vorgesehen sind, welche derart ausgestaltet sind, dass alle Beschichtungsprozessschritte für einen Lackierprozess in ein und derselben Bearbeitungsstation durchgeführt werden können, insbesondere auch die Innen- und Außenlackierung eines Fahrzeugs. Nach Verlassen der alternativ anfahrbaren Beschichtungsstationen wird die abschnittsweise aufgefächerte Linienstruktur des Transportsystems wieder zusammengeführt. Jede Bearbeitungsstation muss daher in aufwändiger Weise mit allen Bearbeitungsvorrichtungen ausgestatten sein, welche für eine Komplettlackierung mit allen jeweiligen Beschichtungsprozessschritten notwendig sind. Es können gerade auch beim Auftrag mehrerer Lackschichten prozessbedingte Wartezeiten erforderlich sein, nämlich eventuelle Abdunstzeiten zwischen dem Auftrag der verschiedenen Lackschichten, in welchen in der Bearbeitungsstation keine Beschichtung erfolgen kann, obwohl sich das Werkstück darin befindet, so dass hierdurch wieder zusätzliche Totzeiten entstehen.The patent document EP 1 702 687 B1 attempts - at least in the field of painting - to compensate for this disadvantage that the line structure of the transport system is fanned out in sections and a plurality of parallel alternatively approachable coating stations are provided, which are designed such that all coating process steps for a painting process can be performed in one and the same processing station, in particular the interior and exterior painting of a vehicle. After leaving the alternatively approachable coating stations, the section-fanned-out line structure of the transport system is brought together again. Each processing station must therefore be equipped in a complex manner with all processing devices, which are necessary for complete painting with all the respective coating process steps. Process-related waiting times may be required even when applying several coats of paint, namely, possible flash off times between the application of the different coats, in which no coating can take place in the workstation, even though the work piece is located in it, so that additional dead times arise as a result.

Die EP 1745 858 A2 offenbart eine Beschichtungseinrichtung zur Beschichtung von Werkstücken mit a) mindestens einem Applikationsgerät zur Applikation eines Beschichtungsmittels auf die Werkstücke und b) einer Zuführeinrichtung zur Zuführung der Werkstücke in eine geeignete Beschichtungsposition relativ zu dem Applikationsgerät. Die Zuführeinrichtung weist mindestens einen Handhabungsroboter aufweist, der die Werkstücke in die Beschichtungsposition relativ zu dem Applikationsgerät bringt.The EP 1745 858 A2 discloses a coating device for coating workpieces with a) at least one application device for applying a coating agent to the workpieces and b) a feed device for feeding the workpieces into a suitable coating position relative to the application device. The feed device has at least one handling robot which brings the workpieces into the coating position relative to the application device.

Die DE 10 2010 032143 A1 offenbart eine Anlage zur Oberflächenbehandlung von Gegenständen, insbesondere von Karosserieteilen, umfassend wenigstens zwei Behandlungskabinen welche jeweils einen Behandlungsraum vorgeben. Mittels einer Fördereinrichtung können die Gegenstände entlang einer Förderstrecke an jeweils eine der Behandlungskabinen heran, in den Behandlungsraum dieser Behandlungskabine hinein, aus dem Behandlungsraum dieser Behandlungskabine heraus und von dieser Behandlungskabine weg gefördert werden. Jede Behandlungskabine ist von jeweils einer modularen Einheit in Form eines Behandlungsmoduls umfasst, welche als solche bewegbar ist und lösbar in einer Betriebsposition bezogen auf die Förderstrecke anordenbar und fixierbar ist.The DE 10 2010 032143 A1 discloses a system for the surface treatment of objects, in particular of body parts, comprising at least two treatment cabins which each specify a treatment space. By means of a conveyor, the objects can be conveyed along a conveying path to respectively one of the treatment cabins, into the treatment room of this treatment cubicle, out of the treatment room of this treatment cubicle and away from this treatment cubicle. Each treatment cabin is comprised in each case by a modular unit in the form of a treatment module, which can be moved as such and can be arranged and fixed detachably in an operating position relative to the conveying path.

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine verbesserte Beschichtungsanlage beziehungsweise ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen bereitzustellen, wodurch auf einfache Weise eine gesteigerte Flexibilität bei gleichzeitig hoher Auslastung der Beschichtungsanlage ermöglicht ist.Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved coating system or a method for operating such, which in a simple way increased flexibility with high utilization of the coating system is possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, welches durch folgende Schritte gekennzeichnet ist:

  • Bereitstellen eines Datensatzes mit einer Vielzahl an Daten über zu beschichtende Werkstücke, umfassend den jeweiligen Typ der Werkstücke und Kenndaten über die jeweils zur individuellen Beschichtung erforderlichen Beschichtungsprozessschritte,
  • automatisches Erstellen eines optimierten Produktionsplanes zur individuellen Beschichtung der Werkstücke entsprechend den jeweils erforderlichen Beschichtungsprozessschritten, wobei für jedes Werkstück eine individuelle Reihenfolge ermittelt wird, entsprechend derer das jeweilige Werkstück mittels des automatischen Transportsystems zur Beschichtung in jeweils geeignete Bearbeitungsstationen beziehungsweise in den Zwischenspeicher zu verbringen ist, berücksichtigend folgende Optimierungskriterien:
    • Vermeidung des Verbringens von Werkstücken in solche Beschichtungsstation, welche zumindest auch für Beschichtungsprozessschritte vorgesehen sind, die für die individuelle Beschichtung des jeweiligen Werkstückes nicht erforderlich sind,
    • möglichst homogene Auslastung der Beschichtungsstationen,
  • Beschichtung der Werkstücke entsprechend dem Produktionsplan.
This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1, which is characterized by the following steps:
  • Providing a data set with a plurality of data on workpieces to be coated, comprising the respective type of workpieces and characteristic data about the respective coating process steps required for the individual coating,
  • automatic creation of an optimized production plan for individual coating of the workpieces according to the respective required coating process steps, wherein for each workpiece an individual order is determined, according to which the respective workpiece is to be spent by the automatic transport system for coating in each case suitable processing stations or in the buffer the following optimization criteria:
    • Avoiding the introduction of workpieces into such a coating station, which are provided at least for coating process steps that are not required for the individual coating of the respective workpiece,
    • as homogeneous as possible utilization of the coating stations,
  • Coating of workpieces according to the production plan.

Die Grundidee der Erfindung besteht darin, die seither durch das Transportsystem fest vorgegebene sequentielle Verkettung der einzelnen Beschichtungsprozessschritte aufzulösen. Somit ist es im Falle eines individuell nicht erforderlichen Beschichtungsprozessschrittes möglich, die entsprechende Beschichtungsstation gar nicht mehr mit dem Werkstück anzufahren, wodurch in vorteilhafter Weise eine Reduktion der Anzahl der Beschichtungsstationen beziehungsweise eine erhöhte Auslastung der Beschichtungsstationen der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage sowie reduzierte Transferzeiten ermöglicht sind.The basic idea of the invention is to dissolve the sequential chaining of the individual coating process steps, which has been firmly prescribed by the transport system ever since. Thus, in the case of an individually unnecessary coating process step, it is no longer possible to approach the corresponding coating station with the workpiece, which advantageously enables a reduction in the number of coating stations or an increased utilization of the coating stations of the coating system according to the invention and reduced transfer times.

Eine typische aber nicht notwendigerweise vollständige oder zwingende Abfolge von Beschichtungsprozessschritten im automobilen Bereich ist beispielsweise die Folgende, wobei je nach Randbedingungen im Einzelfall ausgewählte Prozessschritte nicht erforderlich sind:

  • Vorbehandlung mit Beschichtungsflüssigkeit A
  • Vorbehandlung mit Beschichtungsflüssigkeit B
  • KTL Beschichtung
  • Nahtabdichten Innenraum Automobilkarosserie mit PVC
  • Nahtabdichten Unterboden Automobilkarosserie mit PVC
  • Nahtabdichten Türbereich Automobilkarosserie mit PVC
  • Lackieren mit einem Füller Innenbereich
  • Lackieren mit einem Füller Außenbereich
  • Lackieren einem Basislack Innenbereich
  • Lackieren mit einem Basislack Außenbereich Schicht 1
  • Lackieren mit einem Basislack Außenbereich Schicht 2
  • Auftrag Mehrfarblackierung
  • Lackieren mit einem Klarlack
  • Ggf. Nacharbeit
A typical but not necessarily complete or compelling sequence of coating process steps in the automotive sector is, for example, the following, and depending on the boundary conditions, selected process steps are not required in individual cases:
  • Pretreatment with coating liquid A
  • Pretreatment with coating liquid B
  • KTL coating
  • Seam-sealed interior automobile body with PVC
  • Seam-sealed underbody automobile body with PVC
  • Seam-sealed door area Automotive body with PVC
  • Painting with a filler interior
  • Painting with a filler exterior
  • Painting a basecoat interior
  • Painting with a base coat Exterior area Layer 1
  • Painting with a basecoat Exterior Layer 2
  • Order multi color finish
  • Painting with a clear coat
  • Possibly. rework

Eine Beschichtungsstation ist im Falle einer PVC Applikation oder Lackierung typischerweise eher kabinenähnlich ausgestaltet, wobei das zu beschichtende Werkstück beispielsweise mittig über eine der Stirnseiten der Kabine ein- und ausgefahren wird. Ein Ausfahren ist aber auch ohne Weiteres an der gegenüber liegenden Stirnseite möglich. Beiderseits der Mitte können Roboter für eine Beschichtung mit einer Abdichtmasse wie PVC oder für eine Lackierung vorgesehen sein. Eine Beschichtungsstation kann aber auch - beispielsweise im Falle einer mehrfarbigen Lackierung - Handarbeitsplätze aufweisen, falls die zu erledigenden Beschichtungsarbeiten nicht völlig automatisiert werden können. Auch Tür- und Haubenöffnerroboter sind übliche Bearbeitungskomponenten in Beschichtungsstationen. Eine Beschichtungsstation ist insbesondere im Falle einer Lackierung in vorteilhafter Weise mit einer Einhausung zu versehen und klimatisiert auszugestalten.In the case of a PVC application or coating, a coating station is typically configured more like a cab, with the workpiece to be coated, for example, being moved in and out centrally over one of the front sides of the cabin. An extension is also possible without further ado on the opposite end face. On either side of the center, robots may be provided for coating with a sealant such as PVC or for painting. But a coating station can also - for example, in the case of multi-colored paint - have manual workstations, if the coating work to be done can not be fully automated. Door and hood opener robots are also common processing components in coating stations. A coating station is to be provided in an advantageous manner with an enclosure and air-conditioned in particular in the case of painting.

Im Falle einer Vorbehandlung wie einer kathodischen Tauchlackierung (KTL) ist eine Beschichtungsstation typischerweise beckenähnlich ausgestaltet, wobei für eine Beschichtung ein Eintauchen des Werkstückes in das mit einer jeweiligen Beschichtungsflüssigkeit gefüllte Becken erforderlich ist. Ja nach geforderter Vorbeschichtung kann ein Eintauchen in ein oder auch in mehrere mit verschiedenen Beschichtungsflüssigkeiten gefüllte Becken erforderlich sein. Ein Eintauchen einer Automobilkarosserie in ein solches Becken kann beispielsweise über einen Schwerlastroboter erfolgen, welcher die Automobilkarosserie unter Verwendung einer Adaptervorrichtung von einer anderen Komponente des Transportsystems wie einem Fahrzeug eines fahrerlosen Transportsystem (FTS) entnimmt. Ein Becken kann optionaler Weise auch über eine eigene Tauchvorrichtung verfügen, an welche das Werkstück beziehungsweise die Automobilkarosserie dann von dem Transportsystem übergeben wird.In the case of a pretreatment such as cathodic dip painting (KTL), a coating station is typically designed to be similar to a basin, wherein a coating requires immersion of the workpiece in the basin filled with a respective coating liquid. Yes, after the required pre-coating, it may be necessary to immerse in one or more tanks filled with different coating liquids. Immersion of an automobile body in such a pelvis, for example, may be via a heavy duty robot which removes the automobile body from another component of the transport system, such as an automated guided vehicle (FTS) vehicle, using an adapter device. A basin may optionally also have its own diving device, to which the workpiece or the automobile body is then transferred from the transport system.

Das Transportsystem ist-abweichend von einem strikt linienartig aufgebautem Transportsystem des Standes der Technik - derart ausgestaltet, dass die Werkstücke individuell und unabhängig voneinander zwischen den wenigstens zwei Beschichtungsstationen und der wenigstens einen Übergabestelle verbringbar sind. Im Falle des Vorhandenseins einer Vielzahl an Bearbeitungsstationen für verschiedene Beschichtungsarten ist eine völlige Flexibilität eines individuellen Transportes jedoch nicht erforderlich, diese richtet sich vielmehr nach den vom Beschichtungsprozess vorgegebenen Randbedingungen.Deviating from a strictly line-like constructed transport system of the prior art, the transport system is designed such that the workpieces can be moved individually and independently between the at least two coating stations and the at least one transfer point. In the case of the presence of a plurality of processing stations for different types of coatings, however, a complete flexibility of an individual transport is not required, but rather depends on the boundary conditions specified by the coating process.

So ist es zwar sinnvoll, einen flexiblen Transport innerhalb der Beschichtungsstationen für eine Vorbehandlung oder innerhalb der Beschichtungsstationen für eine Lackierung bereitzustellen, aber ein Rücktransport eines lackierten Werkstückes in die Beschichtungsstationen für Nahtabdichten mit PVC oder für eine Vorbehandlung ist prozesstechnisch nicht erforderlich.Although it makes sense to provide a flexible transport within the coating stations for a pretreatment or within the coating stations for painting, but a return transport of a painted workpiece in the coating stations for seam sealing with PVC or for a pretreatment is not technically required.

An einer Übergabestelle wird ein zu beschichtendes Werkstück beziehungsweise eine Automobilkarosserie an das Transportsystem der Beschichtungsanlage übergeben beziehungsweise ein fertig beschichtetes Werkstück zur weiteren Bearbeitung aus der Beschichtungsanlage an ein weiteres Transportsystem übergeben. Je nach verwendetem Transportsystem sind die Grenzen hier allerdings fließend, es ist auch durchaus möglich, dass ein zu lackierendes Werkstück aus dem Rohbau direkt mittels eines fahrerlosen Transportsystems in eine Beschichtungsstation der Beschichtungsanlage verbracht wird. In diesem Falle würde der Eintrittsort des fahrerlosen Transportsystems in den Bereich der Beschichtungsanlage als Übergabestelle angesehen werden können.At a transfer point, a workpiece to be coated or an automobile body is transferred to the transport system of the coating installation or a finished coated workpiece is transferred to a further transport system for further processing from the coating installation. Depending on the transport system used, however, the boundaries here are fluent, it is also quite possible that a workpiece to be painted from the shell directly by means of a driverless transport system is placed in a coating station of the coating plant. In this case, the entry point of the driverless transport system in the area of the coating system would be considered as a transfer point.

Typischerweise sind die zu beschichtenden Werkstücke auf einem Werkstückträger montiert, welcher seinerseits auf das Transportsystem abgestimmt ist. Das Transportsystem kann beispielsweise ein fahrerloses Transportsystem mit einer Vielzahl an autonom fahrenden Transportfahrzeugen umfassen, welche dafür vorgesehen sind, jeweils ein Werkstück beziehungsweise eine Automobilkarosserie aufzunehmen, welche dann entsprechend den Anforderungen individuell unter anderem zwischen den Beschichtungsstationen hin und herfahren.Typically, the workpieces to be coated are mounted on a workpiece carrier, which in turn is tuned to the transport system. The transport system may include, for example, a driverless transport system with a plurality of autonomously moving transport vehicles, which are each intended to receive a workpiece or an automobile body, which then reciprocate individually according to the requirements, inter alia, between the coating stations.

Wenn ein Transportfahrzeug eine Beschichtungsstation erreicht hat, ist es sowohl denkbar, dass ein solches Transportfahrzeug zusammen mit dem Werkstück in die Beschichtungsstation einfährt, nach erfolgter Beschichtung wieder aus dieser heraus und beispielsweise zur nächsten Beschichtungsstation weiterfährt. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass das Werkstück bei Erreichen der Beschichtungsstation von dem Transportfahrzeug oder einer entsprechenden Übergabevorrichtung auf ein beschichtungsstationsbezogenes Transportsystem übergeben wird und nach erfolgter Beschichtung wieder zurück an dieses oder auch ein anderes Transportfahrzeug. Dies ist beispielsweise bei einem Becken für eine Vorbeschichtung vorteilhaft, weil sonst das Transportfahrzeug zumindest teilweise ebenfalls in die Beschichtungsflüssigkeit des Beckens eintauchen würde.If a transport vehicle has reached a coating station, it is also conceivable that such a transport vehicle enters the coating station together with the workpiece, after the coating has run out of it again and, for example, continues on to the next coating station. However, it is also conceivable that the workpiece is transferred on reaching the coating station of the transport vehicle or a corresponding transfer device on a coating station related transport system and after the coating back to this or another transport vehicle. This is advantageous, for example, in the case of a basin for a precoating, because otherwise the transport vehicle would at least partially also submerge in the coating liquid of the basin.

Selbstverständlich sind auch andere Transportsysteme denkbar, insoweit durch diese die erfindungsgemäßen Anforderungen an Individualität und Flexibilität erfüllt werden. So ist es auch durchaus möglich, zumindest bereichsweise ein kranähnliches Transportsystem vorzusehen, mit welchem die Werkstücke von einem Bodenförderer oder einem Transportfahrzeug abgehoben und beispielsweise direkt in eine Beschichtungsstation verbracht werden können.Of course, other transport systems are conceivable, as far as they meet the requirements of individuality and flexibility according to the invention. So it is also quite possible, at least partially provide a crane-like transport system, with which the workpieces can be lifted from a floor conveyor or a transport vehicle and spent, for example, directly in a coating station.

Zur Koordination der Beschichtungsvorgänge in der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage ist zweckmäßigerweise eine Steuerungsvorrichtung vorzusehen, welche die Beschichtungsanlage auf der Basis eines Produktionsplanes steuert. Der Produktionsplan kann anhand der Daten von anstehenden Beschichtungsvorgängen entsprechend den jeweils erforderlichen Beschichtungsprozessschritten erstellt werden, wobei für jedes Werkstück eine individuelle Reihenfolge ermittelt wird, entsprechend derer das jeweilige Werkstück mittels des automatischen Transportsystems zur Beschichtung in eine jeweils geeignete Bearbeitungsstationen oder zu weiteren Komponenten der Beschichtungsanlage zu verbringen ist.For coordinating the coating processes in the coating system according to the invention, it is expedient to provide a control device which controls the coating plant on the basis of a production plan. The production plan can be created on the basis of the data of pending coating operations according to the respective required coating process steps, wherein for each workpiece an individual order is determined according to which the respective workpiece by means of the automatic transport system for coating in a respective suitable processing stations or to other components of the coating system spend is.

Gemäß einer weiteren Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage umfasst diese wenigstens eine Beschichtungsstation zur Durchführung einer Mehrzahl verschiedener aufeinanderfolgender Beschichtungsprozessschritte. Nicht jede Beschichtungsstation muss ausschließlich für die Durchführung eines einzigen Beschichtungsprozessschrittes vorgesehen sein, auch wenn eine zu hohe Integrationsdichte von Prozessschritten in ein und derselben Beschichtungsstation häufig zu einem unverhältnismäßig hohen Aufwand bei der Realisation einer entsprechenden Beschichtungsstation führt.According to a further variant of the coating installation according to the invention, the latter comprises at least one coating station for carrying out a plurality of different successive coating process steps. Not every coating station must be provided exclusively for carrying out a single coating process step, even if an excessive integration density of process steps in one and the same coating station often leads to a disproportionate effort in the realization of a corresponding coating station.

So lassen sich je nach gegebenen Randbedingungen beispielsweise durchaus mehrere Beschichtungsprozessschritte beim Nahtabdichten in ein und derselben Beschichtungsstation vereinen. Hierbei kann gegebenenfalls auch ein jeweiliger automatischer Wechsel des Applikationswerkzeugs vorgesehen sein, während das Werkstück in der Beschichtungs- beziehungsweise Bearbeitungsstation befindlich ist. Auch ist es möglich, die für eine Innenbeschichtung notwendigen Öffnungs- und Schließvorgänge von Hauben oder Türen durch einen Roboter durchführen zu lassen, welcher primär zur Beschichtung des Werkstückes mittels eines Applikationswerkzeuges vorgesehen ist.For example, depending on the given boundary conditions, it is certainly possible to combine several coating process steps during seam sealing in one and the same coating station. If appropriate, a respective automatic change of the application tool can be provided, while the workpiece is located in the coating or processing station. It is also possible to have the necessary for an internal coating opening and closing operations of hoods or doors by a robot, which is primarily intended for coating the workpiece by means of an application tool.

Es ist auch möglich, mehrere Beschichtungsprozessschritte eines Lackiervorgangs in ein und derselben Beschichtungsstation durchführen zu lassen, beispielsweise eine kombinierte Innen- und Außenlackierung oder das Auftragen einer ersten und einer zweiten Schicht Basislackes, um nur einige ausgewählte Beispiele zu nennen.It is also possible to have several coating process steps of a coating operation carried out in one and the same coating station, for example a combined interior and exterior painting or the application of a first and a second layer of basecoat, to name just a few selected examples.

Für den Fall, dass ein Beschichtungsprozessschritt zwingend einen direkt nachfolgenden Beschichtungsprozessschritt erfordert, beispielsweise einen Abdunst- oder Trocknungsschritt, kann der betreffenden Beschichtungsstation auch direkt eine Abdunstzone und/oder ein Ofen nachgeschaltet sein. Auch ist es denkbar, derartige Funktionalitäten direkt in eine Beschichtungsstation zu integrieren.In the event that a coating process step imperatively requires a directly subsequent coating process step, for example an evaporation or drying step, the relevant coating station can also be connected directly downstream of a flash zone and / or an oven. It is also conceivable to integrate such functionalities directly into a coating station.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage gegenüber dem Stand der Technik besteht darin, dass mittels des Transportsystems ein Wechsel des Werkstückes von einer Beschichtungsstation zur anderen zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Beschichtungsprozessschritten jederzeit möglich ist, auch wenn ein solcher Wechsel aufgrund der Auslegung der jeweiligen Beschichtungsstationen theoretisch nicht nötig wäre. Hierdurch wird nämlich gerade bei Verwendung von Beschichtungsstationen, welche für die Durchführung von mehreren verschiedenen Prozessschritten oder verschiedenen Varianten ein und desselben Prozessschrittes vorgesehen sind, eine deutlich erhöhte Flexibilität bei dem Gesamtbetrieb der Beschichtungsanlage erreicht.A significant advantage of the coating system according to the invention over the prior art is that by means of the transport system a change of the workpiece from one coating station to another between two successive coating process steps is always possible, even if such a change due to the design of the respective coating stations would theoretically not be necessary , In this way, a significantly increased flexibility in the overall operation of the coating system is achieved precisely when using coating stations, which are provided for the implementation of several different process steps or different variants of one and the same process step.

Auf der anderen Seite führt ein Auslassen eines individuell nicht erforderlichen Prozess- beziehungsweise Beschichtungsprozessschrittes sowie eine gegebenenfalls erfolgte Integration mehrerer Beschichtungsprozessschritte in ein und dieselbe Beschichtungsstation aufgrund des Transportsystems der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage zu einem Entfall beziehungsweise zu einer Reduktion von Transferzeiten.On the other hand, omitting an individually unnecessary process or coating process step and any integration of several coating process steps into one and the same coating station due to the transport system of the coating system according to the invention leads to a removal or to a reduction of transfer times.

So ist es beispielsweise möglich - um den materialbedingten Abdunst-, Ofen- oder Trocknungszeiten zu entsprechen - ein Werkstück nach Durchführung eines oder mehrerer Beschichtungsprozessschritte aus der jeweiligen Beschichtungsstation zu verfahren, beispielsweise in eine Abdunst- oder Kühlzone oder einen Ofen, und danach wieder in dieselbe Beschichtungsstation zurück zu verbringen, wobei dort in der Zwischenzeit ein oder mehrere weitere Werkstücke beschichtet werden können.Thus, for example, it is possible - in order to correspond to the material-dependent evaporation, oven or drying times - to move a workpiece out of the respective coating station after carrying out one or more coating process steps, for example into an evaporation or cooling zone or an oven, and then back into the same Coating station to spend back, where in the meantime, one or more other workpieces can be coated.

Im Übrigen entspricht es dem Gedanken der Erfindung, entsprechend vorgesehene Öfen oder Abdunstzonen genauso wie Beschichtungsstationen in das Transportsystem der Beschichtungsanlage einzubinden und bedarfsweise individuell mit dem Werkstück anzufahren. Auch ist es beispielsweise denkbar, mehrere Öfen mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturen und/oder Verweilzeiten zu betreiben, um so den Anforderungen einer hohen Variantenvielfalt an Werkstücken zu entsprechen. Diese können dann sowohl als Durchlauföfen oder als garagenähnliche Boxen ausgeführt sein. Letztere bieten den Vorteil, dass der Ofenprozess individuell auf die Beschichtung jedes Werkstücks anpassbar ist.Incidentally, it corresponds to the idea of the invention to incorporate appropriately provided ovens or evaporation zones as well as coating stations in the transport system of the coating system and, if necessary, individually with the workpiece to approach. It is also conceivable, for example, to operate a plurality of furnaces with different temperatures and / or residence times in order to meet the requirements of a high number of variants of workpieces. These can then be designed both as continuous furnaces or as garage-like boxes. The latter offer the advantage that the furnace process can be individually adapted to the coating of each workpiece.

Bei der Beschichtung von Werkstücken, insbesondere von Automobilkarosserien, ist es selten der Fall, dass alle Werkstücke denselben Beschichtungsprozess durchlaufen. Vielmehr ist mit einer erheblichen Varianz sowohl der Typen von Werkstücken als auch des jeweiligen Beschichtungsprozesses zu rechnen.When coating workpieces, in particular automobile bodies, it is seldom the case that all workpieces go through the same coating process. Rather, a considerable variance of both the types of workpieces and the respective coating process can be expected.

Um dieser hohen Varianz mit einer hohen Flexibilität der Beschichtungsanlage zu entsprechen, ist es gemäß einer Variante der Beschichtungsanlage vorgesehen, dass diese wenigstens zwei identische Beschichtungsstationen zur Durchführung von ähnlichen oder gleichen Beschichtungsprozessschritten umfasst. Ebenso ist es optional vorgesehen, dass die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtungsanlage wenigstens zwei unterschiedliche Beschichtungsstationen zur Durchführung von ähnlichen oder gleichen Beschichtungsprozessschritten umfasst. In besonders bevorzugter Weise ist es auch vorgesehen, dass wenigstens eine, idealerweise aber die meisten der Beschichtungsstationen zur Beschichtung von verschiedenen Typen von Werkstücken vorgesehen sind.In order to meet this high variance with a high flexibility of the coating installation, it is provided according to a variant of the coating installation that it comprises at least two identical coating stations for carrying out similar or identical coating process steps. Likewise, it is optionally provided that the coating installation according to the invention comprises at least two different coating stations for carrying out similar or identical coating process steps. In a particularly preferred manner, it is also provided that at least one, but ideally most of the coating stations are provided for coating different types of workpieces.

Durch die zuvor genannten Maßnahmen ist die Anzahl an Produktionsvarianten, mit welchen ein jeweiliges Werkstück in einer individuell vorgegebenen Sequenz von Beschichtungsprozessschritten mit identischem Ergebnis beschichtet werden kann, in vorteilhafter Weise gesteigert. So kann beispielsweise ein Beschichtungsprozessschritt P für ein Werkstück X durch die Beschichtungsstationen A, B und C ausgeführt werden und für ein Werkstück Y durch die Beschichtungsstationen B, C und D. Stationen B und C sind somit für beide Werkstücke geeignet. Je nach aktuellem Produktionsanteil an zu beschichtenden Werkstücken X und Y können diese in flexibler Weise auf die Beschichtungsstationen A, B, C und D verteilt werden, so dass ein möglichst hoher Auslastungsgrad erreicht ist.By means of the aforementioned measures, the number of production variants with which a respective workpiece can be coated in an individually predetermined sequence of coating process steps with an identical result is advantageously increased. For example, a coating process step P for a workpiece X may be performed by the coating stations A, B and C and for a workpiece Y through the coating stations B, C and D. Stations B and C are thus suitable for both workpieces. Depending on the current production share of workpieces X and Y to be coated, these can be distributed in a flexible manner to the coating stations A, B, C and D, so that the highest possible utilization rate is achieved.

Eine analoge Betrachtungsweise ergibt sich beispielsweise auch für verschiedene Beschichtungsprozessschritte P1, P2, P3 und P4, von denen je Werkstück individuell jeweils zwei durch die Beschichtungsstationen D und/oder E auszuführen seien, wobei die Beschichtungsstation D für die Beschichtungsprozessschritte P1, P2 und P3 und die Beschichtungsstation E für die Beschichtungsprozessschritte P2, P3 und P4 vorgesehen sein mag.An analogous approach also results, for example, for different coating process steps P1, P2, P3 and P4, of which two individually per workpiece are to be executed by the coating stations D and / or E, wherein the coating station D for the coating process steps P1, P2 and P3 and the Coating station E may be provided for the coating process steps P2, P3 and P4.

Die Prozessschrittkombinationen P1 + P2 oder P1 + P3 ist in diesem Fall nur alleinig durch D und P2 + P4 oder P3 + P4 alleinig nur durch E ausführbar. Die Prozessschrittkombination P2 + P3 ist in diesem Fall gleichermaßen durch Beschichtungsstationen D und E ausführbar. Die angenommener Weise sehr selten auftretende Prozessschrittkombination P1 + P4 ist nur gemeinsam durch die Beschichtungsstationen D und E darstellbar, wobei hier ein Transport des Werkstückes von Beschichtungsstation D nach E erforderlich ist, welcher durch das Transportsystem der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage aber problemlos realisierbar ist. Ebenso lassen sich die Prozessschrittkombinationen P1 + P2, P1 + P3, P2 + P3, P2 + P4, sowie P3 + P4 auch gemeinsam durch die Beschichtungsstationen D und E darstellen.The process step combinations P1 + P2 or P1 + P3 in this case only by D and P2 + P4 or P3 + P4 only by E executable. The process step combination P2 + P3 is equally executable by coating stations D and E in this case. The assumed very rarely occurring process step combination P1 + P4 can be represented only together by the coating stations D and E, in which case a transport of the workpiece from coating station D to E is required, which however can be realized without problems by the transport system of the coating system according to the invention. Likewise, the process step combinations P1 + P2, P1 + P3, P2 + P3, P2 + P4, as well as P3 + P4 can also be represented jointly by the coating stations D and E.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage kann daher in flexibler Weise auf eine hohe Varianz in den durchzuführenden Beschichtungsvorgängen reagiert werden, wobei dennoch eine hohe Auslastung der Beschichtungsstationen ermöglicht ist. Trotzdem ist es in vorteilhafter Weise vermieden, dass jede Beschichtungsstation im maximal möglichen Umfang zur Durchführung jedes der jeweils in Betracht kommenden Beschichtungsprozessschritte ausgestattet ist. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung hierfür ist das automatische Transportsystem, mittels welchem die Werkstücke individuell und unabhängig voneinander zwischen den Beschichtungsstationen verbringbar sind.The coating system according to the invention can therefore react in a flexible manner to a high variance in the coating processes to be carried out, while still allowing a high utilization of the coating stations. Nevertheless, it is advantageously avoided that each coating station is equipped to the maximum extent possible for carrying out each of the relevant coating process steps. An essential prerequisite for this is the automatic transport system, by means of which the workpieces can be moved individually and independently between the coating stations.

Gemäß einer weiteren Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage umfasst diese wenigstens einen Zwischenspeicher für Werkstücke, in welchen beziehungsweise aus welchem mittels des automatischen Transportsystems Werkstücke individuell und unabhängig voneinander ein- beziehungsweise auslagerbar sind. Der Zwischenspeicher ist - ähnlich wie die Bearbeitungsstationen - in das Transportsystem integriert, wobei auch hier die Option besteht, dass ein separates zwischenspeicherbezogenes Transportsystem vorgesehen ist, an welches ein Werkstück im Falle einer Einlagerung beispielsweise von einem Fahrzeug eines fahrerlosen Transportsystems übergeben wird, beziehungsweise von welchem ein Werkstück im Falle einer Auslagerung an ein Fahrzeug eines fahrerlosen Transportsystems übergeben wird. Selbstverständlich ist es aber auch möglich, dass anstelle eines derartigen Fahrzeugs ein anderes geeignetes Transportmittel gewählt wird, beispielsweise auch ein Bodenförderer als Bestandteil des Transportsystems.According to a further variant of the coating installation according to the invention, the latter comprises at least one temporary store for workpieces in which workpieces can be individually and independently loaded or unloaded by means of the automatic transport system. The cache is - similar to the processing stations - in the transport system integrated, with the option also exists that a separate cache-related transport system is provided, to which a workpiece is transferred in case of storage, for example, from a vehicle of a driverless transport system, or from which a workpiece in the event of outsourcing to a vehicle of a driverless transport system is handed over. Of course, it is also possible that instead of such a vehicle another suitable means of transport is selected, for example, a bottom conveyor as part of the transport system.

Durch die Verwendung eines Zwischenspeichers lässt sich eine zeitliche Entzerrung bei der Durchführung der Beschichtungsprozessschritte erreichen und damit eine erhöhte Auslastung der Beschichtungsstationen. Wenn beispielsweise aufgrund des aktuellen Aufkommens an zu beschichtenden Werkstücken bei der Bearbeitung eines Beschichtungsprozessschrittes P1 ein temporärer Engpass herrscht aber für die Prozessschritte P2, P3 und P4 momentan genügend Kapazität vorhanden ist, dann können diejenigen Werkstücke, welche den Bearbeitungsprozessschritt P1 erfordern, in den Zwischenspeicher eingelagert werden, bis wieder eine entsprechende Bearbeitungskapazität vorhanden ist. Hierbei sind als Randbedingung selbstverständlich eventuell materialbedingte Prozesszeiten zu beachten. Voraussetzung für diese Vorgehensweise ist wiederum das automatische Transportsystem, mittels welchem die Werkstücke individuell und unabhängig voneinander zwischen den Beschichtungsstationen und auch dem Zwischenspeicher verbringbar sind.The use of an intermediate memory can achieve a temporal equalization in carrying out the coating process steps and thus an increased utilization of the coating stations. If, for example, due to the current volume of workpieces to be coated, a temporary bottleneck prevails during the processing of a coating process step P1 but sufficient capacity is currently available for the process steps P2, P3 and P4, then those workpieces which require the process step P1 can be stored in the temporary storage until an appropriate processing capacity is available again. Of course, as a boundary condition, possibly material-related process times must be taken into account. The prerequisite for this procedure, in turn, is the automatic transport system, by means of which the workpieces can be moved individually and independently between the coating stations and also the temporary storage.

Entsprechend einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage ist der wenigstens eine Zwischenspeicher zumindest in Teilbereichen als Abdunstzone, Kühlzone und / oder Ofen ausgestaltet. Wie bereits beschrieben, sind zwischen den verschiedenen Beschichtungsprozessschritten den Anforderungen des applizierten Beschichtungsmaterials entsprechend eventuelle Ofen- oder Abdunst- oder Abkühlzeiten vorzusehen. Hierzu sind in der Beschichtungsanlage entsprechende Öfen, Abdunst- oder Kühlzonen vorzusehen, welche ebenfalls in das Transportsystem der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage zu integrieren sind.In accordance with a further embodiment of the coating installation according to the invention, the at least one buffer store is configured as an evaporation zone, cooling zone and / or furnace at least in some areas. As already described, between the various coating process steps the requirements of the applied coating material according to any furnace or Abdunst- or cooling times are provided. For this purpose, appropriate furnaces, evaporation zones or cooling zones are to be provided in the coating installation, which are likewise to be integrated into the transport system of the coating installation according to the invention.

Gemäß dieser Ausgestaltungsform ist zumindest eine dieser Zonen beziehungsweise ein Ofen als separater Bereich in den Zwischenspeicher integriert. Es ist beispielsweise möglich, derartige Bereiche als Durchlaufzonen oder auch als individuelle, garagenähnliche Boxen auszuführen. Nach Durchlauf eines Werkstückes durch eine Zone kann beispielsweise dessen Umlagerung auf einen regulären Lagerplatz erfolgen. Hierzu ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Zwischenspeicher über ein eigenes Transportsystem verfügt.According to this embodiment, at least one of these zones or an oven is integrated as a separate area in the temporary storage. For example, it is possible to design such areas as pass-through zones or as individual garage-like boxes. After passing through a workpiece through a zone, for example, it can be transferred to a regular storage location. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the buffer has its own transport system.

In bevorzugter Weise ist der wenigstens eine Zwischenspeicher als Hochregallager ausgeprägt. Aufgrund der verhältnismäßig geringen Höhe eines Werkstückes beziehungsweise einer Automobilkarosserie ist beispielsweise eine Deckenhöhe eines mehrstöckigen Hochregallagers von 2,5m in der Regel ausreichend. Für den Transport der Werkstücke zwischen den Stockwerken des Hochregallagers ist in diesem Fall ein entsprechendes Transportsystem vorgesehen, beispielsweise in Form eines Fahrstuhls. Auf diese Weise lässt sich sowohl der Flächenbedarf einer Beschichtungsanlage mit Zwischenspeicher reduzieren als auch die für das Ein- beziehungsweise Auslagern benötigten zwischenspeicherinternen Verfahrwege.Preferably, the at least one buffer is pronounced as a high-bay warehouse. Due to the relatively low height of a workpiece or an automobile body, for example, a ceiling height of a multi-storey high-bay warehouse of 2.5 m is usually sufficient. For the transport of the workpieces between the floors of the high-bay warehouse a corresponding transport system is provided in this case, for example in the form of an elevator. In this way, both the space requirement of a coating system with temporary storage can be reduced as well as the buffer storage internal traverse paths required for storage or retrieval.

Eine typische vollumfängliche Beschichtung im automobilen Bereich umfasst wie bereits beschrieben eine Lackier-Applikation, eine PVC-Applikation für das Abdichten von Nähten an der Automobilkarosserie sowie eine Vorbehandlung. Deshalb ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass wenigstens eine der Beschichtungsstationen der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage für eine Lackier-Applikation, wenigstens eine der Beschichtungsstationen für eine PVC-Applikation und/oder zumindest eine der Beschichtungsstationen für eine Tauch-Applikation oder sonstige Vorbehandlung vorgesehen ist.As already described, a typical full-scale coating in the automotive sector includes a painting application, a PVC application for sealing seams on the automobile body, and pretreatment. Therefore, it is provided according to the invention that at least one of the coating stations of the coating installation according to the invention is provided for a coating application, at least one of the coating stations for a PVC application and / or at least one of the coating stations for a dip application or other pretreatment.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage weist diese einen kreisrunden, quadratischen oder vergleichbaren polygonalen Grundriss auf, welcher in etwa eine seiner Länge vergleichbare Breite aufweist. Insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Transportsystems, mittels welchem die Werkstücke individuell und unabhängig voneinander zwischen den wenigstens zwei Beschichtungsstationen, der wenigstens einen Übergabestelle und einem eventuellem Zwischenlager verbringbar sind, erweist sich eine derartige Anordnung als die benötigten Fahrwege verkürzend auf. Der für den Transport erforderliche technische und zeitliche Aufwand wird hierdurch in vorteilhafter Weise reduziert.According to a preferred variant of the coating system according to the invention, this has a circular, square or comparable polygonal ground plan which has approximately the same width as its length. In particular, when using a transport system, by means of which the workpieces individually and independently between the at least two coating stations, the at least one transfer point and a possible intermediate storage can be spent, such an arrangement proves to be the required infrastructure shortening. The technical and time required for the transport is thereby reduced in an advantageous manner.

Entsprechend einer weiteren Variante der Beschichtungsanlage umfasst das automatische Transportsystem ein fahrerloses Transportsystem eine kranähnliche Hebevorrichtung, einen Roboter und/oder ein verzweigtes spurgebundenes Fördersystem. Fahrerlose Transportsysteme weisen eine Vielzahl an eigenständig längs entsprechender Verfahrwege bewegliche eigenangetriebene und zumeist zentral koordinierte Flurfahrzeuge auf, welche nicht spurgebunden sind und deshalb beispielsweise auch aneinander vorbeifahren können. Diese sind für einen erfindungsgemäßen individuellen Transport von Werkstücken besonders geeignet.According to a further variant of the coating installation, the automatic transport system comprises a driverless transport system, a crane-like lifting device, a robot and / or a branched track-bound conveyor system. Driverless transport systems have a large number of autonomously along corresponding travels movable self-propelled and mostly centrally coordinated hall vehicles, which are not track bound and therefore, for example, can pass each other. These are particularly suitable for an inventive individual transport of workpieces.

Aber auch kranähnliche Hebevorrichtungen und Roboter sind geeignete Mittel für einen individuellen Transport von Werkstücken, insbesondere auch für das Verladen von Werkstücken von einem Transportsystem auf ein anderes. Ebenso lassen sich auch Roboter als eine lokale und einer Beschichtungsstation zugeordnete Transportvorrichtung verwenden, beispielsweise zum Eintauchen eines Werkstückes in ein mit einer Beschichtungsflüssigkeit gefülltes Becken.But also crane-like lifting devices and robots are suitable means for an individual transport of workpieces, in particular for the loading of workpieces from one transport system to another. Likewise, robots can also be used as a local transport device assigned to a coating station, for example for immersing a workpiece in a basin filled with a coating liquid.

Insoweit entsprechende Verzweigungen vorliegen, ist auch - zumindest in Teilabschnitten - ein spurgebundenes Fördersystem für einen erfindungsgemäßen Transport von Werkstücken geeignet. Durch entsprechende Verzweigungen ist keine rein sequenzielle Transportstruktur mehr gegeben und ein individueller Transport von Werkstücken zumindest eingeschränkt möglich.Insofar as corresponding branches are present, a track-bound conveying system is also suitable-at least in subsections-for transporting workpieces according to the invention. By appropriate branches, no purely sequential transport structure is given more and an individual transport of workpieces at least possible.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Variante der Beschichtungsanlage ist diese zur Beschichtung von Automobilkarosserien vorgesehen. Dies bedeutet beispielsweise für das Transportsystem, dass dieses für den Transport von Rohkarosserien mit einem beispielhaften Grundriss von bis zu ca. 5m x 2m und einer Höhe von ca. 1,8m bei einem Gewicht von bis zu 1000kg ausgelegt sein muss. Auch die Beschichtungsanlagen müssen entsprechend in ihren Dimensionen darauf angepasst sein.According to a particularly preferred variant of the coating system, this is intended for coating automobile bodies. This means, for example, for the transport system that this must be designed for the transport of body shells with an exemplary floor plan of up to about 5m x 2m and a height of about 1.8m with a weight of up to 1000kg. The coating systems must also be adapted accordingly in their dimensions.

Der Betrieb einer Produktionsanlage ist geprägt davon, dass alle zu beschichtenden Werkstücke in der erforderlichen Qualität zu beschichten sind, wobei die Anzahl und Typ der Werkstücke sowie die Kenndaten über deren jeweils individuelle Beschichtung fremdvorgegeben sind, sich also nach der aktuellen Auftragslage richten.The operation of a production plant is characterized by the fact that all the workpieces to be coated are to be coated in the required quality, whereby the number and type of the workpieces as well as the characteristic data about their respective individual coating are predetermined by the current order situation.

Ziel beim Betrieb einer Beschichtungsanlage ist es, neben einer qualitativ hochwertigen Beschichtung eine im Mittel möglichst hohe Auslastung der Beschichtungsstationen zu gewährleisten und dies unabhängig von Typ und Beschichtungsanforderungen der aktuell zu beschichtenden Werkstücke. Durch einen entsprechend optimierten Produktionsplan wird dies ermöglicht. Dieser gibt die individuelle Reihen- und Abfolge vor, in welcher die Werkstücke jeweils in die verschiedenen Beschichtungsstationen oder weiteren Analgenkomponenten wie einen Zwischenspeicher, Ofen, Abdunstbereich oder dergleichen zu verbringen sind. Ein Produktionsplan kann für ein bestimmtes erwartetes Produktionsvolumen für einen bestimmten Zeitraum im Voraus erstellt werden, beispielsweise für einen kompletten Tag, und auch bedarfsweise bei sich ändernden Randbedingungen angepasst werden.The aim of the operation of a coating system is, in addition to a high-quality coating, to ensure, on average, the highest possible utilization of the coating stations, regardless of the type and coating requirements of the workpieces currently being coated. This is made possible by a correspondingly optimized production plan. This specifies the individual series and sequence in which the workpieces are each to be transferred to the various coating stations or other analog components such as a buffer, oven, evaporation zone or the like. A production plan can be prepared in advance for a given expected production volume for a given period of time, for example for a full day, and also adjusted as needed with changing boundary conditions.

Wie bei jedem Optimierungsproblem gibt es hierbei eine Zielfunktion, welche in diesem Falle eine im Mittel möglichst hohe Auslastung der einzelnen Beschichtungsstationen umfasst, und Randbedingungen, welche einzuhalten sind. Die Randbedingungen umfassen beispielsweise produktionslogistische Randbedingungen wie den frühesten und spätesten Termin, an welchem ein Werkstück fertig beschichtet zu sein hat oder auch materialspezifische Prozessvorgaben wie minimale / maximale Abdunstzeit, Ofenzeit sowie Trocknungszeit.As with any optimization problem, there is an objective function here, which in this case encompasses, on average, the highest possible utilization of the individual coating stations, and boundary conditions which must be observed. The boundary conditions include, for example, production-logistical boundary conditions such as the earliest and latest date on which a workpiece has to be finished coated or else material-specific process specifications such as minimum / maximum evaporation time, furnace time and drying time.

Voraussetzung für eine nachhaltige Optimierung ist jedoch, dass möglichst viele Optimierungsfreiheitsgrade gegeben sind, also Parameter, welche zur Erreichung des Optimierungsziels beeinflusst werden können. Durch das Transportsystem der erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsanlage, mittels welchem die Werkstücke individuell und unabhängig voneinander zwischen den wenigstens zwei Beschichtungsstationen und der wenigstens einen Übergabestelle verbringbar sind, sind entsprechend viele Freiheitsgrade für eine erfolgreiche Optimierung bereitgestellt. Insbesondere ist es möglich, ein und dasselbe Werkstück über verschiedene Produktionswege mit ein und demselben Ergebnis individuell zu beschichten.However, the prerequisite for sustainable optimization is that as many optimization degrees of freedom as possible are given, ie parameters that can be influenced to achieve the optimization goal. By means of the transport system of the coating installation according to the invention, by means of which the workpieces can be moved individually and independently between the at least two coating stations and the at least one transfer station, correspondingly many degrees of freedom are provided for a successful optimization. In particular, it is possible to individually coat one and the same workpiece with different production paths with one and the same result.

Anhand der in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele sollen die Erfindung, weitere Ausführungsformen und weitere Vorteile näher beschrieben werden.Reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, the invention, further embodiments and other advantages will be described in detail.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine exemplarische erste Beschichtungsanlage,
Fig. 2
eine exemplarische zweite Beschichtungsanlage sowie
Fig. 3
Fahrzeug eines fahrerloses Transportsystem (FTS) mit Werkstück.
Show it:
Fig. 1
an exemplary first coating plant,
Fig. 2
an exemplary second coating system as well
Fig. 3
Vehicle of a driverless transport system (FTS) with workpiece.

Figur 1 zeigt eine exemplarische erste Beschichtungsanlage 10 für Werkstücke 30, 32, 34, 36 - in diesem Beispiel Automobilkarosserien - in einer schematischen Draufsicht. Auf einer rechteckigen Grundfläche sind mehrere Beschichtungsstationen 12, 14 zum Nahtabdichten mittels PVC, mehrere Beschichtungsstationen 16, 18 zum Lackieren sowie mehrere Beschichtungsstationen 20, 22, 24 zur Vorbehandlung angeordnet. Darüber hinaus ist ein Zwischenspeicher 40 vorgesehen, in welchem die Werkstücke 30, 32, 34, 36 ein- und ausgelagert werden können. FIG. 1 shows an exemplary first coating system 10 for workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 - in this example, automobile bodies - in a schematic plan view. A plurality of coating stations 12, 14 for seam sealing by means of PVC, a plurality of coating stations 16, 18 for painting and a plurality of coating stations 20, 22, 24 for pretreatment are arranged on a rectangular base area. In addition, a buffer memory 40 is provided in which the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 can be stored and retrieved.

Ein Transportsystem 38 ist dafür vorgesehen, die Werkstücke 30, 32, 34, 36 individuell und unabhängig voneinander zwischen den Beschichtungsstationen 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, dem Zwischenspeicher 40 und zwei Übergabestellen 42, 44 zu verbringen, wie mit den gestrichelten Linien angedeutet ist. Die gestrichelten Linien repräsentieren in diesem Beispiel keine direkte Fahrspur sondern vielmehr einen Fahrkorridor, entlang dessen die Werkstücke 30, 32, 34, 36 mittels Fahrzeugen eines nicht gezeigten fahrerlosen Transportsystems transportierbar sind. Die Übergabestelle 42 kennzeichnet den Eintrittsort eines zu beschichtenden Werkstückes in den Bereich der Beschichtungsanlage und die Übergabestelle 44 kennzeichnet den Austrittsort eines fertig beschichteten Werkstückes aus der Beschichtungsanlage.A transport system 38 is provided to individually and independently transfer the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 between the coating stations 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, the buffer 40, and two transfer points 42, 44 is indicated by the dashed lines. The dashed lines in this example do not represent a direct lane but rather a driving corridor along which the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 are transportable by means of vehicles of an unillustrated automated transport system. The transfer point 42 identifies the entry location of a workpiece to be coated in the area of the coating installation, and the transfer point 44 identifies the exit location of a finished coated workpiece from the coating installation.

Die Beschichtungsstationen 12, 14 zum Nahtabdichten mittels PVC umfassen drei beziehungsweise zwei Beschichtungsroboter 26, 28, welche beiderseits der mittigen Beschichtungsposition des jeweils zu beschichtenden Werkstückes angeordnet sind. Die Beschichtungsstationen 16, 18 zum Lackieren umfassen jeweils vier Beschichtungsroboter, welche beiderseits der mittigen Beschichtungsposition des zu beschichtenden Werkstückes angeordnet sind. Eine Ein- und Ausförderung eines Werkstückes in diese Beschichtungsstationen 12, 14, 16, 18 ist an ihren jeweiligen beiden Stirnseiten möglich, um so eine möglichst hohe Flexibilität zu erreichen.The coating stations 12, 14 for seam sealing by means of PVC comprise three or two coating robots 26, 28, which are arranged on both sides of the central coating position of the respective workpiece to be coated. The coating stations 16, 18 for painting each comprise four coating robots, which are arranged on both sides of the central coating position of the workpiece to be coated. An entry and removal of a workpiece in this Coating stations 12, 14, 16, 18 is possible at their respective two end faces, so as to achieve the highest possible flexibility.

Die Beschichtungsstationen 20, 22, 24 zur Vorbehandlung sind in einem Halbkreis angeordnet. Ein Werkstück 30, 32, 34, 36 kann mittels eines im Kreismittelpunkt vorgesehenen und in diesem Bild nicht gezeigten Roboter vom Transportsystem 38 entnommen werden und wahlweise in eine der als Tauchbecken ausgestalteten Beschichtungsstationen 20, 22, 24 getaucht werden. Die Tauchbecken weisen separate Haltebeziehungsweise Transportvorrichtungen für die Werkstücke 30, 32, 34, 36 auf, so dass der Roboter nur für das Ein- und Austauchen erforderlich ist und alle Tauchbecken parallel bedienen kann.The coating stations 20, 22, 24 for pretreatment are arranged in a semicircle. A workpiece 30, 32, 34, 36 can be removed from the transport system 38 by means of a robot provided in the center of the circle and not shown in this image and optionally immersed in one of the coating stations 20, 22, 24 designed as a dip tank. The plunge pools have separate Haltebeziehungsweise transport devices for the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36, so that the robot is required only for the entry and exit and can serve all the plunge pool in parallel.

Der Zwischenspeicher 40 ist als matrixähnlich aufgebautes Hochregallager ausgeführt, in welchem die Werkstücke 30, 32, 34, 36 zwischengelagert werden können. Darüber hinaus verfügt der Zwischenspeicher über einen nicht dargestellten Ofen mit nachgeschalteter Abkühlzone.The buffer 40 is designed as a matrix-like constructed high-bay warehouse, in which the workpieces 30, 32, 34, 36 can be stored. In addition, the buffer has a furnace, not shown, with downstream cooling zone.

Figur 2 zeigt eine exemplarische zweite Beschichtungsanlage 50 für Werkstücke in einer schematischen Draufsicht. Es sind mehrere Beschichtungsstationen 52 zum Nahtabdichten mittels PVC, mehrere Beschichtungsstationen 54 zum Lackieren sowie mehrere Beschichtungsstationen 56 zur Vorbehandlung angeordnet. Darüber hinaus ist ein Zwischenspeicher 60 vorgesehen, in welchem die Werkstücke ein- und ausgelagert werden können. Ein Transportsystem 62 ist dafür vorgesehen, die Werkstücke zwischen den Beschichtungsstationen 52, 54, 56 und dem Zwischenspeicher 60 zu verfahren. Die Beschichtungsanlage 50 ist durch einen hexagonalen Grundriss 64 gekennzeichnet, welcher besonders kurze Verfahrwege der Werkstücke ermöglicht. Die Vorbehandlungsstationen 56 sind in diesem Fall als mehrere in zwei kreisrunden Formationen angeordnete Tauchbecken angedeutet. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary second coating system 50 for workpieces in a schematic plan view. Several coating stations 52 for seam sealing by means of PVC, several coating stations 54 for painting and a plurality of coating stations 56 for pretreatment are arranged. In addition, a buffer 60 is provided, in which the workpieces can be stored and retrieved. A transport system 62 is provided to move the workpieces between the coating stations 52, 54, 56 and the buffer 60. The coating system 50 is characterized by a hexagonal ground plan 64, which allows particularly short travel paths of the workpieces. The pretreatment stations 56 are indicated in this case as multiple immersion basins arranged in two circular formations.

Figur 3 zeigt in einer schematischen Seitenansicht 70 ein Fahrzeug 72 eines fahrerlosen Transportsystem (FTS) mit einem darauf angeordneten Werkstück 74, in diesem Fall einer Automobilkarosserie. Das Fahrzeug 72 verfügt über einen eigenen Antrieb und eine eigene Lenkung und ist dafür vorgesehen, sich innerhalb bestimmter Korridore auf der Bodenfläche einer Beschichtungsanlage selbständig zu bewegen. Für den Betrieb einer Beschichtungsanlage mit einem fahrerlosen Transportsystem (FTS) ist eine Vielzahl solcher Fahrzeuge 72 erforderlich. Eine Koordination der Fahrzeuge erfolgt mittels eines übergeordneten Steuersystems. FIG. 3 shows in a schematic side view 70 a vehicle 72 of an automated guided transport system (FTS) with a workpiece 74 disposed thereon, in this case an automobile body. The vehicle 72 has its own drive and its own steering and is intended to move independently within certain corridors on the bottom surface of a coating system. For The operation of a coating system with an automated guided vehicle system (FTS) requires a large number of such vehicles 72. Coordination of the vehicles takes place by means of a superordinate control system.

Claims (14)

  1. Method for operating a coating assembly (10, 50) for the automatic series coating of workpieces (30, 32, 34, 36, 74), for which the coating requires a plurality of consecutive coating processing steps, comprising
    • at least two coating stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56) with respective coating devices (26, 28) for performing respectively at least one coating processing step,
    • at least one transfer point (42, 44, 58),
    wherein an automatic transport system (38, 62) is provided, by means of which the workpieces (30, 32, 34, 36, 74) can be moved individually and independently of one another between the at least two coating stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56) and the at least one transfer point (42, 44, 58), characterised by the following steps:
    • providing a dataset with a plurality of data about workpieces (30, 32, 34, 36, 74) to be coated, comprising the respective type of the workpieces and the identification data about the coating processing steps required for the individual coating,
    • automatically setting up an optimised production plan for individually coating the workpieces (30, 32, 34, 36, 74) according to the respectively required coating processing steps, wherein for each workpiece (30, 32, 34, 36, 74) an individual sequence is defined, according to which the respective workpiece (30, 32, 34, 36, 74) is to be moved by means of the automatic transport system (38, 62) for coating into respectively suitable processing stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56) or into the temporary storage (34, 60), taking into consideration the following optimisation criteria:
    • avoiding moving workpieces into such coating stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56), which are also provided at least for coating processing steps which are not necessary for the individual coating of the respective workpiece (30, 32, 34, 36, 74),
    • as far as possible a homogenous occupancy of the coating stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56),
    • coating the workpieces (30, 32, 34, 36, 74) according to the production plan.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the latter comprises at least one coating station (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56) for performing a plurality of different consecutive coating processing steps.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the latter comprises at least two identical coating stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56) for performing similar or identical coating processing steps.
  4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the latter comprises at least two different coating stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56) for performing similar or identical coating processing steps.
  5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one of the coating stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56) is provided for coating different types of workpieces (30, 32, 34, 36, 74).
  6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the latter comprises at least one temporary storage (34, 60) for workpieces (30, 32, 34, 36, 74) in which or from which by means of the automatic transport system (38, 62) workpieces (30, 32, 34, 36, 74) can be put into storage or removed from storage individually and independently from one another.
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that the at least one temporary storage (34, 60) is designed at least in sections as an evaporation zone, cooling zone and/or furnace.
  8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the at least one temporary storage (34, 60) is designed as a high-bay storage.
  9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one of the coating stations is provided for a paint application.
  10. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one of the coating stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56) is provided for a PVC application.
  11. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one of the coating stations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 52, 54, 56) is provided for an immersion application or other pre-treatment.
  12. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the latter has a circular, square or comparable polygonal (64) layout.
  13. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the automatic transport system (38, 62) comprises a driverless transport system (FTS, 70), a crane-like lifting device, a robot and/or a branched track-bound conveyor system.
  14. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the latter is provided for coating automobile bodies.
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