EP3339508A1 - Procede pour le traitement de materiaux contenant des fibres - Google Patents
Procede pour le traitement de materiaux contenant des fibres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3339508A1 EP3339508A1 EP17207499.9A EP17207499A EP3339508A1 EP 3339508 A1 EP3339508 A1 EP 3339508A1 EP 17207499 A EP17207499 A EP 17207499A EP 3339508 A1 EP3339508 A1 EP 3339508A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- paper
- polymer
- group
- cellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 209
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 94
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- BSKSXTBYXTZWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 BSKSXTBYXTZWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 pulp Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)N(C)C AVQQQNCBBIEMEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmpu Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)C1=O GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 5
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MUWOTPLDXQSGQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C MUWOTPLDXQSGQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CUTWSDAQYCQTGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxypropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)OC(=O)C=C CUTWSDAQYCQTGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Aminoacetate Chemical compound NCC([O-])=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WIVTXBIFTLNVCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=C)C(=O)OCCP(=O)=O Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCP(=O)=O WIVTXBIFTLNVCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose, microcrystalline Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycolate Chemical compound OCC([O-])=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071127 thioglycolate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M thioglycolate(1-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 64
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 50
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002073 fluorescence micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ULPMRIXXHGUZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (R)-4-Methyl-3-hexanone Natural products CCC(C)C(=O)CC ULPMRIXXHGUZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOEUNLQGZBSTBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylazetidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCC1=O QOEUNLQGZBSTBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRRCXRVEQTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfinylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)=O VTRRCXRVEQTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)(=O)=O YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFCHFHIRKBAQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexanone Chemical compound CCCC(=O)CC PFCHFHIRKBAQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVDQEUFSGODEBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCOC(=O)O1 OVDQEUFSGODEBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQOJDBHJUUGQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-2-ethylpyrimidine Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(Br)C=N1 SQOJDBHJUUGQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWQQCFPHXPNXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC=C2C=1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C2(C1=CC=2)OC(=O)C1=CC=2NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 HWQQCFPHXPNXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005011 alkyl ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNFORVFSTILPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCN1 MNFORVFSTILPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N carbon disulfide-14c Chemical compound S=[14C]=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005499 carbon tetrachloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004651 carbonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound CCS(=O)CC CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- XIPFMBOWZXULIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalamide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(N)=O XIPFMBOWZXULIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006112 polar polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003335 steric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006103 sulfonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005694 sulfonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002415 trichloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/02—Chemical or biochemical treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/25—Cellulose
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/30—Alginic acid or alginates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/36—Biocidal agents, e.g. fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/18—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00 of old paper as in books, documents, e.g. restoring
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for processing materials containing fibers as well as materials and systems obtainable by this method.
- the invention further relates to the use of a mixture containing a polymer for processing a material containing fibers, the use of dimethyl sulfoxide as an antioxidant in the processing of paper and the use of ionic liquids as an antimicrobial agent for processing paper.
- Organic materials containing fibers, especially paper undergo mechanical destabilization by degrading the fiber-forming macromolecules, such as cellulose macromolecules, over time. Especially in the case of paper, this can lead to the paper being destabilized so much that the books from this paper can no longer be used.
- the problems of destabilization, especially aging are not limited to paper and cellulosic materials in general, such as wood, but are generally a problem for materials containing fibers. In order to counteract this problem, appropriate processing methods for the material containing fibers needed. Paper, especially printed paper in books, as a material containing fibers makes this with the highest demands on the processing method, which is why the further discussion on the example of paper, especially of printed paper should be made.
- the processing method should not only allow single-sheet processing.
- the method should rather be able to process several sheets at once. In this case, gluing the sides together should be avoided.
- the method should not damage the binding of a book and / or the binding or back gluing of the leaves. In this way, the process can be carried out more economically, since several sheets can be processed simultaneously or entire books at once and eliminates the separation of the leaves from books.
- the method should not attack the paper in any other way, especially the paper should not swell irreversibly.
- the ink and / or inks on the paper being processed should not be washed out by the process. At the same time, however, it is desirable that the processing of the paper is not only superficial, but ideally attaches to the entire paper.
- the irradiation with gamma rays leads to a further damage to the paper, by impregnation with acrylic acid bleeding colors and inks on the paper, at least partially, and remaining in the paper residue monomers lead to an odor nuisance.
- this method is difficult to combine with other common means of paper restoration.
- the processing of paper by lamination is known, wherein a thin polymer film or a thin stabilizing paper is applied to one side or both sides of the paper.
- the processed paper stack often does not fit in the book cover after processing because of increasing paper thickness.
- the handle and the appearance of the paper are changed.
- the contrast decreases due to the applied layers. Further is This method is difficult to combine with other common means of paper restoration.
- a well-known method for processing paper is the so-called Viennese method, which is incorporated in the EP 0 273 9602 A2 is described.
- Viennese method the material to be processed is impregnated in an aqueous solution containing methylcellulose to strengthen the paper.
- the processing solution is pumped out, remnants of the processing solution are allowed to drip off the processed paper, and the paper is then snap-frozen and freeze-dried.
- the disadvantage of this method is mainly that book covers are damaged, which is why the leaves of the book must be removed before editing.
- a derivatized polymer must be used with methylcellulose.
- the DE 100 57 554 A1 describes a process in which the paper to be processed is processed with a silylated polymer derivative such as silylated cellulose dissolved in a nonpolar solvent. The silyl groups are then cleaved off by the action of moisture or water.
- a disadvantage of this method is the mandatory use of derivatized polymers.
- the EP 3 072 933 A1 describes alkaline nanoparticles comprising at least one hydroxide or carbonate or an organic compound of an alkaline earth metal and optionally a hydrophilic cellulose derivative and a stabilizing outer layer of hydrophobic polymers for the deacidification and consolidation of cellulose-based artifacts.
- the nanoparticles must first be synthesized.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a process for processing, in particular for strengthening, of material containing fibers, in particular paper, which at least partially overcomes one or more disadvantages of the processes known from the prior art.
- a method is desirable with which bulk processing of damaged paper can occur.
- the paper to be processed should not be further harmed.
- the paper to be processed should be consolidated. Any existing inks and inks should not bleed on the paper being processed.
- the covers and / or the paper back sizing should not be damaged by the process.
- a particular advantage of the process according to the invention is that by using a polar aprotic solvent it is also possible to use non-derivatized polymers such as, for example, cellulose as the at least one polymer in the process according to the invention. Furthermore, by the use of a polar aprotic solvent mixtures, in particular solutions, can be produced with a low viscosity, which are particularly suitable for processing books or similar substrates.
- gluing of the sides can be avoided with the method according to the invention.
- the use of the polar aprotic solvent further allows a wide range of possibilities to treat the mixture of the material to be processed containing fibers and the mixture, so that at least a part of the polymer is attached to the fibers of the material containing fibers.
- the process according to the invention can be combined with other processes, in particular deacidification processes.
- a solution of the substance in the solvent can be prepared which is at least 0.5 % By weight, in particular at least 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight or at least 10% by weight, and at most 25% by weight, in particular at most 20% by weight, 15% by weight, 14% by weight, 13% by weight or at most 12% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the solution, of the substance.
- the polymer may be wholly or partly attached to the material containing fibers, in particular to the fibers of the material containing fibers. When the polymer is only partially attached to the fibers of the material containing fibers, a residual amount of polymer remains in the mixture. By attachment, the fibers of the material containing fibers are preferably completely or partially encased. As a result, a consolidation of the fiber can be achieved.
- Derivatized polymers may be, in particular, those polymers obtained by a chemical modification of another polymer.
- the derivatization can also be reversible, so that the original polymer can be recovered.
- Derivatized polymers are made, for example, from naturally occurring polymers such as cellulose or starch.
- the derivatized polymer methylcellulose can be obtained from underivatized cellulose by chemical modification.
- Other examples of underivatized polymers are starch, chitosan, chitin, lignin, viscose, pulp, silk and alginate.
- various chemical modifications are possible.
- the derivatization can, for example, by partial or complete alkylation, partial or complete acylation, partial or complete silylation, or partial or complete sulfonylation.
- Fiber containing fibers is also referred to hereinafter as “fibrous material” or “fiber-containing material”.
- the fibrous material may contain a polymer having at least one polar group, in particular in a proportion of 50 wt.%, 60 wt.%, 70 wt.%, 80 wt.%, 90 wt.%, 95 wt.%, 99 wt .%, or consist of.
- the at least one polar group may be contained in the polymer backbone and / or linked as a side chain with the polymer backbone. If several polar groups are included, they may be the same or different. Polar groups are known to the person skilled in the art.
- polar groups include the hydroxyl group, acid groups such as the carboxyl group and the sulfonic acid group, the amide group, the amine group, the thiol group, the ether group, in particular the C1-C4- Alkyl ether group, the ester group and the urethane group.
- the fibrous material may contain cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, pulp, hemicellulose, viscose, chitin, chitosan, alginate, starch, lignin, polyvinyl alcohol, proteins or mixtures thereof.
- the fibrous material may be further polymers, in particular further polymers having at least one polar group, but also, for example, fillers such as calcium carbonate or pigments such as titanium dioxide.
- the fibrous material may be a cellulosic material, in particular paper, paperboard, cardboard, textiles or wood.
- the fibrous material is paper, in particular paper sheets. Examples of paper are typewriter paper, printer paper, magazine paper, newsprint and book paper.
- the polymer may be a copolymer or a homopolymer.
- the polymer may have a weight-average molecular weight Mw of from 1000 to 10 000 000 g / mol, in particular from 3000 to 10 000 000 g / mol, of from 5000 to 500 000 g / mol or of from 10 000 to 100 000 g / mol. exhibit.
- the polymer may further contain at least one polar group. The at least one polar group may be contained in the polymer backbone and / or linked as a side chain with the polymer backbone. If several polar groups are included, they may be the same or different.
- Polar groups are known to the person skilled in the art. Examples of polar groups include the hydroxyl group, acid groups such as the carboxyl group and the sulfonic acid group, the amide group, the amine group, the thiol group, the ether group, in particular the C1-C4- Alkyl ether group, the ester group and the urethane group.
- the polymer may contain at least one hydroxyl group, at least one amine group, at least one acid group, in particular a carboxyl group, at least one amide group, at least one thiol group, at least one ether group, in particular a C1- C4 alkyl ether group, at least one ester group and / or at least one urethane group, in particular at least one hydroxyl group, and / or be selected from the group consisting of cellulose, alpha-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, pulp , Hemicellulose, viscose, chitin, lignin, chitosan, alginate, starch, silk, natural silk, silk biopolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethanes, polyamides, proteins, polymers or copolymers based on acrylic acid and / or its ester and / or amide Derivatives, methacrylic acid and / or its ester and / or amide derivatives,
- the polymer may be selected from the group consisting of cellulose, alpha-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, pulp, hemicellulose, viscose, chitin, lignin, chitosan, alginate, starch, silk, silk biopolymers, polyvinyl alcohol and mixtures thereof.
- the polymer is selected from the group consisting of cellulose, alpha-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, pulp, silk, silk biopolymers, viscose, and mixtures thereof.
- the polymer is selected from the group consisting of cellulose, alpha-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, pulp, viscose and mixtures thereof.
- the polymer is alpha-cellulose.
- the polymer is viscose, in particular substantially non-derivatized viscose. It has been shown that fiber-containing materials can be processed particularly well with the polymers mentioned above. In particular, by working with the above polymers good Consolidations, in particular of cellulose-containing materials such as paper, cardboard, cardboard and wood, can be achieved.
- the polymer can be used in particular in the form of fibers.
- Viscose is composed in particular of regenerated cellulose. Viscose may be present in particular in the form of fibers. Viscose may in particular be a regenerated cellulose fiber, as used in the EP 2 546 396 (see in particular paragraph [0026], [0028], [0029], [0030], [0031], [0032], [0033], [0034], [0035], [0036], [0037] and / or [0038]).
- the viscose can be in the form of fibers which have a plurality of legs and in which at least one leg deviates in length from the other legs. In particular, it may be asymmetric cellulose fibers.
- the titer of the asymmetric cellulose fibers may be from 1.3 dtex to 10 dtex, in particular 3.3 dtex.
- the titre indicates the fineness, with 1 dtex in particular corresponding to a weight of one gram per 10000 meters of the cellulose fibers.
- Silk biopolymers may, in particular, be silk biopolymers, as described in US Pat WO 2014/037453 or in the WO 2011/113446 are described. Accordingly, the silk biopolymers may in particular consist of polypeptides consisting essentially of one or more repeating polypeptide units and one or more non-repeating polypeptide units. The repeating polypeptide units may in particular contain oligoalanine units.
- the repeating polypeptide units may comprise the modules A C (GPYGPGASAAAAAAGGYGPGCGQQ), A K (GPYGPGASAAAAAAGGYGPGKGQQ), C C (GSSAAAAAAAASGPGGYGPENQGPCGPGGYGPGGP), C K1 (GSSAAAAAAAASGPGGYGPENQGPKGPGGYGPGGP), C K2 (GSSAAAAAAAASGPGGYGPKNQGPSGPGGYGPGGP) or C KC (GSSAAAAAAAASGPGGYGPKNQGPCGPGGYGPGGP) or consist thereof, wherein the sequences in parentheses represent amino acids in one-letter code as described, for example, in the book " Enzymes - A Practical Introduction to Structure, Mechanism, and Data Analysis ", 2nd Edition by Robert A.
- non-repeating polypeptide units may be derived from those described in U.S. Pat WO 2014/037453 , in particular on page 16 described "non-repetitive (NR)" units NR3, NR4, NR5, NR6 or in the WO 2014/037453 be selected from variants thereof.
- the process of the invention may be the same or different than the polymer having at least one polar group which may be included in the fibrous material.
- a cellulosic material may be contacted as a fibrous material with a mixture which also contains cellulose as a polymer.
- a cellulosic material may be brought into contact as a fibrous material, for example with a mixture containing polyvinyl alcohol as a polymer.
- the polar group of the polymer having at least one polar group which may be contained in the fibrous material and the polar group of the at least one polymer contained in the mixture may be the same or different.
- the fibrous material may be a cellulosic material and the polar polymer may be a polyurethane.
- Suitable polar aprotic solvents in the process according to the invention are various solvents.
- the molecules may have a dipole moment and / or the polar aprotic solvent may be composed of ions.
- polar aprotic solvents can be free of groups, in particular polar groups, from which protons can be split off. Examples of such groups are the OH group, acid groups such as the carboxyl group, the sulfonic acid group and hydrogen halide groups, the thiol group, and primary and secondary amines.
- Suitable polar aprotic solvents are, in particular, ketones, lactones, lactams, in particular N-alkylated lactams, nitriles, tertiary carboxylic acid amides, urea derivatives, in particular alkylated urea derivatives, sulfoxides, sulfones, carbonic esters, ionic liquids and / or mixtures thereof.
- ketones are acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 3-hexanone, cyclohexanone and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- lactones examples include propriolactone, gamma-butyrolactone, delta-valerolactone, epsilon-caprolactone and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- lactams are propiolactam, gamma-butyrolactam and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- alkylated lactams are N-methyl-propiolactam, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- nitriles examples include acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- tertiary carboxylic acid amides such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylpropionamide and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- urea derivatives in particular alkylated urea derivatives, are dimethylpropyleneurea, tetramethylurea and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- sulfoxides are dimethylsulfoxide, ethylmethylsulfoxide, diethylsulfoxide and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- sulphones are sulfolane, ethylmethylsulfone and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- carbonic acid esters are dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 1,3-butylene carbonate and their C1- to C4-alkylated derivatives.
- the polar aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, gammabutyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetramethylurea, dimethylpropyleneurea, sulfolane, dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ionic liquids, and mixtures thereof.
- the polar aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, ionic liquids and mixtures thereof.
- Polar aprotic solvents which are a mixture of an ionic liquid and at least one of acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, gamma-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetramethylurea, dimethylpropyleneurea, sulfolane, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate contain one ionic liquid.
- the polar aprotic solvent may contain one or more ionic compounds, for example salts, inorganic salts and / or ionic liquids or in particular consist of one or more ionic liquids.
- Suitable inorganic salts are, for example, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium fluoride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide or potassium iodide, in particular lithium chloride or lithium bromide and mixtures thereof.
- Inorganic salts may be present in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, 3 to 8% by weight or 4 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the total amount of polar aprotic solvent and inorganic salt or inorganic salts.
- a polar aprotic solvent may be, for example, dimethylacetamide containing 5% by weight of lithium chloride.
- the polar aprotic solvent contains an ionic liquid. Suitable ionic liquids are described in detail below.
- the polar aprotic solvent is preferably a mixture of an ionic liquid and at least one of dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile.
- the polar aprotic solvent is a mixture of an ionic liquid and dimethylacetamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the polar aprotic solvent is a mixture of an ionic liquid and dimethylacetamide.
- the polar aprotic solvent is a mixture of an ionic liquid and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- polar aprotic solvents mixtures, in particular solutions, can be prepared with a wide variety of polymers.
- many poorly soluble polymers in particular polymers containing at least one polar group, can readily dissolve in these polar aprotic solvents.
- the polar aprotic solvent contains one or more ionic compounds, polymers comprising at least one polar group, in particular cellulose, can be better dissolved in them.
- mixtures, in particular solutions with a content of, for example, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 6 wt.
- the polar aprotic solvent may contain or consist of one or more ionic liquids.
- Particularly suitable ionic liquids are organic salts whose ions impede the formation of a stable crystal lattice through charge delocalization and steric effects.
- Ionic liquids have the particular advantage that many poorly soluble polymers such as cellulose dissolve well in them. Furthermore, ionic liquids can be well modified and adapted to different requirements.
- the polar aprotic solvent comprises an ionic liquid
- the ionic liquid contains in particular a cation selected from a 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cation, an alkylpyridinium cation, a tetraalkylammonium cation and a phosphonium cation, and an anion selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, formate, Acetate, propionate, butyrate, hydrogensulfate, tosylate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, benzoate, glycolate, thioglycolate, lactate and glycinate, or consists thereof.
- the ionic liquid contains or consists of a dialkylimidazolium cation and an anion selected from chloride, bromide and acetate.
- the alkyl groups of the dialkylimidazolium cation may in particular be identical or different.
- the alkyl groups of the dialkylimidazolium cation may in particular be C1 to C10, in particular C1 to C5, alkyl groups.
- the alkyl groups of the dialkylimidazolium cation may be selected independently of one another preferably from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl.
- the ionic liquid contains or consists of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and / or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate.
- the abovementioned cations and anions have the particular advantage that many polymers, in particular also sparingly soluble polymers such as cellulose, are readily soluble in ionic liquids which contain or consist of these cations and anions.
- the acetate anion has the advantage that the pH of fibrous materials having an acidic pH, which is brought into contact with a mixture in which the polar aprotic solvent contains an acetate anion-containing ionic liquid were, can be raised. This is particularly important in the processing of paper, as can be slowed down by an increase in the pH in the paper degradation of the cellulose fibers or even prevented.
- the mixture containing at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent is preferably a homogeneous mixture, in particular a solution.
- the polymer may be solubilized or swollen by the polar aprotic solvent.
- a mixture containing a polar aprotic solvent has, inter alia, the advantage that mixtures, in particular solutions, with a low viscosity can be obtained thereby.
- Such mixtures, in particular solutions are particularly suitable for processing fibrous materials, in particular cellulosic materials such as paper.
- the mixture, in particular the solution, with which the fiber-containing material to be processed is brought into contact, in particular a viscosity of 0.01 to 100 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 0.1 to 70 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 0.5 to 50 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 1 to 30 mPa ⁇ s, still more preferably 1 to 15 mPa ⁇ s.
- Mixtures, in particular solutions, having such viscosities are particularly suitable for processing fibrous materials, in particular cellulose-containing materials such as paper, since they can penetrate deeply into the fiber-containing material and thus not only a superficial attachment of the polymer is made possible.
- Methods for determining the viscosity of mixtures, in particular of solutions are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the viscosity can be determined with a rotational viscometer "Gemini" from Bohlin at 25 ° C.
- the contacting of the fibrous material with the mixture containing at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent can be carried out in various ways.
- the fiber-containing material, in particular paper may be sprayed or coated with the mixture, or the fiber-containing material, in particular paper, may be soaked in the mixture.
- the fibrous material is soaked in the mixture. If the fiber-containing material is soaked in the mixture, this may be for a period of 0.1 to 10 minutes, in particular 0.2 to 8 minutes, 0.2 to 7 minutes, 0.4 to 6 minutes, 0.5 to 5 Minutes, 0.5 to 4 minutes, 0.5 to 3 minutes or 0.5 to 2 minutes.
- the impregnated fibrous material with a polar aprotic solvent, in particular with dimethylacetamide and / or dimethyl sulfoxide, rinsed, in particular for a period of 10 to 60 seconds, 20 to 50 seconds or 25 to 40 seconds. By rinsing excess polymer can be removed.
- a polar aprotic solvent in particular with dimethylacetamide and / or dimethyl sulfoxide
- the method of the invention comprises the step of treating the mixture of the fibrous material and the mixture containing at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent such that at least a portion of the polymer attaches to the fibers of the material.
- the treatment of the mixture can be designed in different ways. In particular, the treatment of the mixture in step c.
- contacting the mixture with an ionic compound, especially a salt contacting the mixture with a nonionic compound, contacting the mixture with an acid, contacting the mixture with a base contacting the mixture with a polar solvent, contacting the mixture with a non-polar solvent, contacting the mixture with a solvent mixture, freeze-drying, lowering the temperature, evaporating the solvent, increasing the temperature, reducing the pressure and combinations thereof.
- ionic compounds are salts or polymers having at least one ionic side group.
- salts consist of at least one cation and at least one anion, where the cation may be selected from cations selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba , Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag , Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Ge, Sn, Pb, and wherein the anion may be selected from anions consisting of elements of the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I , O, S, Se, Te.
- cations are ammonium ions.
- anions are hydride, hydroxide, phosphates, phosphites, sulfates, sulfites, sulfides and carboxylates such as formate, acetate, proprionate, salicylate and benzoate.
- the salt may in particular contain ammonium sulfate or potassium sulfate or a mixture thereof.
- polymers having ionic side groups are polymers having at least one deprotonated acid group, in particular a deprotonated carboxyl group such as deprotonated polyacrylate, deprotonated polymethacrylate, polymers having at least one quaternary ammonium compound such as quaternized polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
- the mixture can be brought into contact with the ionic compound by adding the salt directly or in the form of a solution, in particular an aqueous solution.
- nonionic compounds are water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, octane, nonane, isocyanate-containing compounds, hydrocarbons having 1 to 20, in particular 5 to 18, carbon atoms, polymers such as polyether, polyester, Polyamides, polyurethanes. These can be directly linked to the one in step b. obtained mixture, for example by adding the respective non-ionic compound.
- acids are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carboxylic acids having 1 to 20, in particular 1 to 10, carbon atoms, in particular formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and benzoic acid, and mixtures thereof.
- the acid may be selected from hydrochloric acid and carboxylic acids having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. These can be directly linked to the one in step b. be brought into contact with the resulting mixture, for example by adding the respective acid, or by immersing the mixture in acid.
- the acid may be concentrated or diluted, for example as a dilute aqueous solution.
- bases examples include hydroxide bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, amine bases such as, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, especially triethylamine, pyridine and dimethylaminopyridine, and mixtures thereof.
- hydroxide bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide
- amine bases such as, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, especially triethylamine, pyridine and dimethylaminopyridine, and mixtures thereof.
- the particular base can also be used as a solution, in particular as an aqueous solution, with the same in step b. be brought into contact with the resulting mixture, for example by adding a solution, or by immersing the mixture in the solution.
- polar solvents are water and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, primary and secondary amines, carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.
- the polar solvent may be water, an alcohol or a mixture thereof. These can be directly linked to the one in step b. be brought into contact with the resulting mixture, for example by adding the polar solvent, or by immersing the mixture in the polar solvent.
- non-polar solvents are hydrocarbons having 5 to 16 carbon atoms, benzene, toluene, pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, carbon disulfide, tetramethylsilane and hexamethyldisiloxane.
- the nonpolar solvent may in particular be hexamethyldisiloxane.
- Solvent mixtures comprise, in particular, mixtures of the abovementioned polar and nonpolar solvents, in particular mixtures of hexamethyldisiloxane with other solvents, such as ethanol, methanol, propanol and butanol. These can be directly linked to the one in step b. be brought into contact with the resulting mixture, for example by adding the solvent mixture, or by immersing the mixture in the solvent mixture.
- the mixture from step b. are first flash frozen and then dried at temperatures equal to or less than 0 ° C by applying a vacuum.
- a temperature reduction can be carried out in particular to below the temperature at which polymer is poor or no longer soluble in the polar aprotic solvent.
- the temperature reduction may include a reduction to temperatures of -5 ° C to 15 ° C, especially 0 ° C to 10 ° C.
- the temperature can be increased so that the polar aprotic solvent completely evaporates and leaves the polymer on the fibers of the material.
- the evaporation can be carried out at temperatures of 50 ° C to 250 ° C, in particular from 70 ° C to 200 ° C.
- a temperature increase can be carried out at temperatures of 50 ° C to 200 ° C, in particular from 70 ° C to 150 ° C.
- the temperature increase can be gradual or abrupt.
- the pressure reduction can be carried out at pressures of 0.1 mbar to 900 mbar, in particular from 1 mbar to 800 mbar, 10 mbar to 700 mbar or 50 mbar to 500 mbar.
- the pressure reduction can be combined in particular with the temperature increase and the temperature reduction.
- the lowering of the temperature may particularly be brought into contact with an ionic compound which may be contacted with a nonionic compound which may be contacted with an acid which may be contacted with a base which is in contact with a polar solvent which may be combined with a non-polar solvent and contacted with a solvent mixture.
- the treatment of the mixture in step c contacting or containing a nonpolar solvent, especially dipping in a nonpolar solvent, especially hexamethyldisiloxane.
- a nonpolar solvent especially hexamethyldisiloxane.
- the aforementioned treatment options allow an attachment of the polymer to the fibers of the material containing fibers. Better results were achieved when the attachment was as slow as possible.
- This can be achieved in particular by treating the mixture of the fibrous material and the mixture containing at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent for at least a period of 15 seconds, in particular 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 Minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 5 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours or 24 hours and at most for a period of 150 hours, in particular 144 hours, 120 hours, 100 hours, 96 hours, 90 hours or 85 hours.
- Optimal results were obtained when the treatment in step c. over a period of 24 to 85 hours, in particular 50 to 80 hours or 65 to 75 hours or 72 hours. As a result, a slow attachment of the polymer to the fibers of the material containing fibers is achieved.
- the treatment of the mixture of the fibrous material and the mixture containing at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent by contacting with a nonpolar solvent, in particular the immersion in a non-polar solvent, in particular hexamethyldisiloxane, over a period of 65 to 75 hours , especially 72 hours.
- the process according to the invention may preferably also be carried out after the treatment in step c. the additional step of drying in step c. obtained fibrous material.
- the fibrous material obtained according to the method of the invention is preferably carried out at 20 ° C to 100 ° C, in particular 30 ° C to 90 ° C, 40 ° C to 80 ° C, or 45 ° C to 65 ° C.
- the fibrous material obtained by the process according to the invention preferably for 1 to 25 hours, in particular for 5 to 20 hours, 8 to 16 hours, 9 to 15 hours, 10 to 14 hours or 11 to 13 hours dried.
- the method according to the invention can also be carried out before step a. the further step that the material containing fibers, especially paper, at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C, in particular 45 to 70 ° C or 45 to 65 ° C is predried.
- the predrying can be carried out for a period of 1 minute to 60 hours, in particular 1 hour to 50 hours or 12 to 48 hours.
- the mixture containing at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent can be prepared in different ways.
- the mixture may be prepared at room temperature or at lower or higher temperature, for example at 10 ° C to 150 ° C.
- the mixture can also be prepared in several steps.
- the polar aprotic solvent contains an ionic liquid or if the polar aprotic solvent is a mixture of an ionic liquid and at least one of acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, gamma-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetramethylurea, dimethylpropyleneurea , Sulfolane, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate, in particular at least one of dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide and acetonitrile, the mixture containing at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent can be prepared in particular by first dissolving the polymer in the ionic liquid and then dissolving the resulting solution with at least one of acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, gammabut
- the ionic liquid may be mixed with at least one of acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, gammabutyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetramethylurea, dimethylpropyleneurea, sulfolane, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate, especially dimethylsulfoxide, and then desired amount of the polymer can be added.
- the mixture containing at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent can in particular 1 to 30 wt.%, In particular 3 to 30 wt.%, 5 to 30 wt.%, 10 to 30 wt.%, 12 to 25 wt.% Or 15 to 20% by weight or 17 to 19% by weight of ionic liquid contained, in each case based on the total weight of the mixture.
- Mixtures with the above-mentioned contents of ionic liquids can be prepared well, in particular, solutions can easily be obtained in this way, which allow effective processing of the fibrous material.
- the mixing, in particular the swelling, dissolving or dissolving, of the polymer and / or the subsequent dilution can take place at temperatures from 10 ° C to 150 ° C, in particular from 20 ° C to 140 ° C, 30 ° C to 130 ° C, 40 ° C to 120 ° C, 50 ° C to 110 ° C or 60 ° C to 100 ° C are performed.
- This solution can then be treated in particular with at least one of acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, gammabutyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetramethylurea, dimethylpropyleneurea, sulfolane, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate, in particular at least one of dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide and acetonitrile , diluted to the desired concentration.
- the ionic liquid may also be reacted at the abovementioned temperatures with at least one of acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, gamma-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, tetramethylurea, dimethylpropyleneurea, sulfolane, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate, in particular dimethylsulfoxide, with a concentration of the ionic liquid of 1 to 30 wt.%, in particular 3 to 30 wt.% or 5 to 30 wt.% or 10 to 30 wt.% or 12 to 25 wt.% or 15 to 20 wt.% or 17 to 19% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the mixture, in particular of the ionic liquid and dimethyl sulfoxide, are mixed.
- This solution can then be added to the polymer in the desired amount. In this way,
- the mixture containing at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent 0.1 to 10 wt.%, In particular 0.5 to 8 wt.% Or 1 to 5 wt.%, Based in each case on the total weight of the mixture of polymer. Solutions with these concentrations have in particular a suitable viscosity for the process according to the invention.
- the invention further provides a material containing fibers, in particular paper, which is obtainable by the process according to the invention.
- the invention further provides a system comprising at least two materials containing fibers obtainable by the process according to the invention, in particular a book.
- the materials of the system of the invention may be the same or different.
- the fiber-containing materials may have been processed simultaneously or at different times by the process of the present invention.
- the system may further comprise materials, in particular materials containing fibers, which have not been processed by the method according to the invention.
- the system may, in particular, be a book, a magazine, a journal or a newspaper.
- the fiber-containing material may in particular be paper.
- other fibers containing material in particular cardboard, cardboard, textiles or wood, may be included.
- the system according to the invention contains materials containing various fibers, these can be processed separately or together by the process according to the invention.
- the paper may be edited separately from the rest of the book, especially separately from the cover.
- the book can also be edited without separating components beforehand, especially with its cover. Whether a separate processing of the components takes place can be decided in particular on the basis of how the fibers containing materials in the system, especially in the book, are held together. Examples of ways in which the fiber-containing materials can be held together in the system include thread stitching and adhesive binding.
- the invention also provides the use of a mixture comprising at least one polymer and a polar aprotic solvent for processing material containing fibers, in particular paper, in particular in the process according to the invention.
- the invention further provides the use of dimethyl sulfoxide as an antioxidant for processing paper, in particular in the process according to the invention.
- the invention also provides the use of an ionic liquid containing a quaternary ammonium cation, in particular an ionic liquid containing a Dialkylimidazoliumkation, in particular 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetat, as an antimicrobial agent for processing paper, in particular inventive method.
- an ionic liquid containing a quaternary ammonium cation in particular an ionic liquid containing a Dialkylimidazoliumkation, in particular 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetat, as an antimicrobial agent for processing paper, in particular inventive method.
- BMIM-Cl 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
- BMIM-OAc 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
- Viscose danufil, 3.3 dtex / 0.3 mm, hereafter: "Danufil”
- DMAc Dimethylacetamide
- DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
- HMDO Hexamethyldisiloxane
- MCC microcrystalline cellulose
- ENO PINE ECF Pulp
- Stora Enso Oyj alpha-cellulose, Sigma-Aldrich.
- Example 1 Provides of paper with viscose in a mixture of DMAc and BMIM-OAc
- a solution containing 10% by weight Danufil in BMIM-OAc was prepared, which was then diluted to a viscose content of 2% by weight based on the total weight of the solution by adding DMAc, the solution of BMIM-OAc and DMAc 18 wt% BMIM-OAc and 82 wt% DMAc, each based on the weight of BMIM-OAc and DMAc.
- the viscosity of the solution was 10 mPa ⁇ s.
- the paper to be processed was soaked in the prepared solution for one minute and then rinsed with DMAc for 30 seconds.
- Table 2 shows that the fracture strength, the elongation at break and the pH can be significantly increased when using mixtures containing viscose and mixtures of BMIM-OAc and DMAc by the inventive treatment compared to unprocessed paper.
- the processed paper was the optical and haptic impression equivalent to unprocessed paper. In particular, no bleeding of the ink was observed.
- a solution containing 10% by weight of Danufil in BMIM-CI was prepared, which was subsequently diluted to a viscose content of 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution, of DMAc, the solution of BMIM-CI and DMAc 18 wt% BMIM-CI and 82 wt% DMAc, each based on the weight of BMIM-CI and DMAc.
- the viscosity of the solution was 10 mPa ⁇ s.
- the paper to be processed was soaked in the prepared solution for one minute and then rinsed with DMAc for 30 seconds.
- Table 3 shows that the breaking strength and elongation at break when using mixtures containing viscose and mixtures of BMIM-Cl and DMAc can be significantly increased by the inventive treatment compared to unprocessed paper.
- the processed paper was the optical and haptic impression equivalent to unprocessed paper. In particular, no bleeding of the ink was observed. Furthermore, the pH of the processed paper increased.
- a solution containing 2% by weight of microcrystalline cellulose in DMAc (containing 5% by weight of LiCl based on the total weight of LiCl and DMAc) based on the total weight of the solution was prepared.
- the viscosity of the solution was 13 mPa ⁇ s.
- the paper to be processed was soaked in the prepared solution for five minutes.
- the resulting paper was then immersed in HMDO (500 g) for 72 hours, whereby the viscose adhered to the paper fibers. After treatment in HMDO, the paper was heated at 55 ° C for 12 hours.
- Table 4 shows that the breaking strength as well as the elongation at break when using mixtures containing MCC and DMAc (containing 5 wt.% LiCl) by the inventive processing in comparison with paper that has not come into contact with a polymer such as MCC, is significantly higher ,
- the processed paper was the optical and haptic impression equivalent to unprocessed paper. In particular, no bleeding of the ink was observed.
- Test papers were impregnated with a solution according to Example 1 using MCC instead of viscose. After soaking in the solution, the papers were rinsed with DMAc as in Example 1 and dipped in the solvents listed in Table 5 for the indicated time. Table 5: Treatments sample Solvent (duration of impregnation) Test paper 4 HMDO (72 h) Test paper 5 5% by weight EtOH / 95% by weight HMDO (24 h) Test paper 6 EtOH ( ⁇ 1 min)
- Test Papers 4 to 6 were heated at 55 ° C for 12 hours. While test paper 4 had a matte appearance, was flexible and was still stable even after repeated folding, test papers 5 and 6 partially showed a gloss. This indicates that in test paper 4, the MCC was deposited as above on the paper fibers, whereas in test papers 5 and 6 an inhomogeneous, rather superficial deposition of the MCC took place.
- the choice of treatment in particular by the choice of the solvent is immersed in it, the duration of the treatment and the addition of the polymer can be influenced.
- Test papers were first soaked in the solution for five minutes. The respective test papers were then for 72 Hours immersed in HMDO (500 g), whereby the polymers indicated in Table 6 were each attached to the paper fibers. After treatment in HMDO, the test papers were heated at 55 ° C for 12 hours. The breaking force and breaking elongation of the processed papers were then determined.
- Example 7 Application of various polymers to deacidified and non-deacidified substrate
- the reference paper was subjected to substantially the same processing as the other papers, except that the solution in the first step contained no polymer but only dimethylacetamide and BMIM-Cl.
- Table 8 Mechanical properties of processed non-deacidified papers reference chitin Strength PVA Breaking force [N] 17 ⁇ 2 16 ⁇ 1N 25 ⁇ 2 26 ⁇ 2 elongation 1.00 ⁇ 0.12 0.93 ⁇ 0.19 1.24 ⁇ 0.07 0.99 ⁇ 0.12 [%] reference chitin Strength PVA Breaking force [N] 17 ⁇ 2 26 ⁇ 2 N 32 ⁇ 1 35 ⁇ 3 Elongation at break [%] 1.00 ⁇ 0.12 1.12 ⁇ 0.12 0.74 ⁇ 0.07 0.86 ⁇ 1.12
- Tables 8 and 9 show that, in particular, a higher breaking strength for deacidified and non-deacidified papers can be achieved by processing according to the process of the invention.
- a higher breaking strength for deacidified and non-deacidified papers can be achieved by processing according to the process of the invention.
- For starch in the case of non-deacidified paper, an increase in elongation at break is also observed (see Table 8).
- Tables 8 and 9 show that the mechanical properties of the papers can be improved by the process according to the invention.
- Example 2 It was prepared according to Example 2, a solution. This solution was applied to one side of a wooden board with a brush, rinsed with water and dried at 25 ° C for 16 hours. The surface of the wood shows at the machined places a clear smoothing of the surface. Paints can also be applied well on the processed areas.
- fluorescently labeled cellulose is off W. Helbert et al. Biomacromolecules 2003, 4, 481-471 , known.
- a fluorescent marker a DTAF marker was used, which is excited at 488 nm, the emission being measured at 515 nm.
- Two test papers were soaked in this solution for one minute and then rinsed with DMSO for 30 seconds. The first of these papers (Test Paper 7) was then dipped for 72 hours in HMDO containing 1 vol.% Ethanol (total 500 g). The second of these papers (Test Paper 8) was dipped in HMDO (500 g) for 72 hours.
- test paper 10 After treatment in HDMO or HMDO / ethanol, the papers were heated at 55 ° C for 12 hours. A blank was also prepared by first soaking a third test paper (Test Paper 9) in a mixture of DMSO containing 13% by weight BMIM-OAc without polymer, then immersing it in HMDO (500 g) for 72 hours and then at 55 ° C ° C was heated for 12 hours. The reference was a fourth test paper (test paper 10) which was not processed.
- test papers 7 to 10 Of the test papers 7 to 10, several layers were successively removed with adhesive film at one point, wherein eight layers could be removed from the unprocessed reference and ten layers could be removed from the remaining processed test papers.
- the images were taken under the same microscope (Nikon FN-C LWD with Nikon lens 10x / 0.25) at 488 nm with the same exposure time (220 ms with Q-IMAGING RETIGA 200 RV). Representative images of the layers are in the figures Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 shown.
- Fig. 1 shows a recording of layer 3 of test paper 7. It can be clearly seen that the fibers of the paper stand out very high contrast from the background.
- Fig. 2 shows a recording of layer 3 of test paper 8. It can be clearly seen that the fibers of the paper stand out very high contrast from the background.
- Fig. 3 shows a recording of layer 3 of the reference.
- the cellulose fibers are to be distinguished from the background, but do not stand out so contrasting from the background as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
- Fig. 4 shows a picture of layer 3 of the blank.
- the cellulose fibers are to be distinguished from the background, but do not stand out as contrasting from the background as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ,
- the figures are consistent with an attachment of the fluorescently-labeled cellulose from the mixture to the fibers of the paper. So there was a kind of sheathing of paper fibers by the fluorescence-labeled cellulose, whereby the paper fibers and thus the paper are strengthened.
- the substrate used was a 16-page 1943 book titled "Metalworking Table Book” which had been dried in a desiccator over orange gel over a period of one week, the moisture content of the book being 6.9% by weight. had fallen to 1.2 wt.%.
- the book was divided into three nearly equal parts by two horizontal cuts.
- the middle part of the book was then fanned out in a vessel, after which the vessel was filled and closed with the solution described above containing 1% by weight of alpha-cellulose.
- the middle part of the book would be soaked in solution for 1 minute.
- the middle section of the book was then fanned out in a second vessel and rinsed with DMSO for 30 seconds.
- the middle part of the book was fanned out in a third vessel, after which the vessel was filled with HMDO and sealed. After 72 hours, the middle part of the book was taken, 6 hours at 55 ° C and dried for a week over orange gel in a desiccator.
- the upper part of the book was processed like the middle part of the book with the difference that instead of the solution containing 1% by weight of alpha-cellulose, the solution containing 2% by weight of alpha-cellulose was used.
- the lower part of the book was not edited and served as a reference.
- the cover sheet which is the sheet forming the first and the last page
- a center leaf which in this case is the arch, which forms the 4th side from the front and the 4th side from the rear
- the inner leaf which is the arch that forms the two innermost sides. None of the components of the parts of the edited book showed any impairments due to the processing according to the invention. The color impression was almost unchanged.
- the mechanical properties of the various components of the processed book and the reference are listed in Tables 10 below (1% by weight of alpha-cellulose) and 11 (2% by weight of alpha-cellulose).
- Tables 10 and 11 show more than a doubling of both breaking strength and elongation at break for all components of the machined parts of the book as compared to the unprocessed reference.
- books can be processed as a whole with the method according to the invention.
- DMSO solution a solution containing 1% by weight of Danufil in a mixture of DMAc and BMIM-CI, wherein the DMAc contained 9.9 wt% BMIM-CI (hereinafter: "DMAc solution”).
- Test paper 11 was soaked in the DMSO solution for one minute, then rinsed with DMSO for 30 seconds, dipped in HMDO (500 g) for 72 hours and then heated at 55 ° C for 12 hours.
- Test paper 12 (blank test without Danufil) was soaked for one minute in DMSO containing 9.9 wt.% BMIM-CI, then rinsed with DMSO for 30 seconds, immersed in HMDO (500 g) for 72 hours and then at 55 ° C. for Heated for 12 hours.
- Test paper 13 was soaked in DMSO for 1.5 minutes, then immersed in HMDO (500 g) for 72 hours and then heated at 55 ° C for 12 hours.
- Test paper 14 was soaked in the DMAc solution for one minute, then rinsed with DMAc for 30 seconds, dipped in HMDO (500 g) for 72 hours and then heated at 55 ° C for 12 hours.
- Test paper 15 (blank test without Danufil) was soaked for one minute in DMAc containing 9.9 wt.% BMIM-CI, then rinsed with DMAc for 30 seconds, immersed in HMDO (500 g) for 72 hours and then at 55 ° C for Heated for 12 hours.
- Test paper 16 was soaked in DMAc for 1.5 minutes, then immersed in HMDO (500 g) for 72 hours and then heated at 55 ° C for 12 hours.
- the reference was an unprocessed test paper.
- test papers 11 to 16 and the reference were determined and are listed in Tables 12 below.
- Table 12 Mechanical properties of test papers 11 to 13 and the reference substratum Breaking force [N] Elongation at break [%] Test paper 11 8.1 ⁇ 0.9 0.55 ⁇ 0.10 Test paper 12 5.0 ⁇ 1.6 0.65 ⁇ 0.36 Test paper 13 5.9 ⁇ 1.1 0.55 ⁇ 0.19 Test paper 14 7.1 ⁇ 1.2 0.52 ⁇ 0.11 Test paper 15 5.8 ⁇ 1.0 0.60 ⁇ 0.12 Test paper 16 6.1 ⁇ 1.5 0.59 ⁇ 0.20 reference 3.5 ⁇ 0.64 0.16 ⁇ 0.03
- test papers 11 and 14 which were contacted with a solution containing Danufil, had a higher breaking strength than test papers 12, 13, 15 and 16 and the reference not containing a solution containing Danufil® Were brought in contact.
- the values of the elongation at break of the test papers 11 to 16 differed only slightly.
- the test paper 11 to 16 compared to the reference both a significantly increased breaking strength and a significantly increased Elongation at break, wherein the increase in the breaking force in the test papers 11 and 14, in which the test paper in each case with a solution containing Danufil was brought into contact, turned out to be the highest.
- this example also shows that by machining with the method according to the invention, the mechanical properties can be improved.
- Table 12 shows that the breaking strength of test paper 11 is slightly higher than that of test paper 14. Accordingly, DMSO, in particular in combination with BMIM-CI and Danufil, appears to be somewhat better suited than DMAc in the process according to the invention, especially in combination with BMIM-CI and Danufil. For the elongation at break there was no significant difference between the test papers 11 and 14.
- the above embodiments show that the mechanical properties of substrates such as paper can be improved by the method according to the invention. Furthermore, the pH of paper can be increased.
- the inventive method is, for example, for the preservation of books. Furthermore, other substrates such as wood can be subjected to the method according to the invention. This can be achieved, inter alia, a smoothing of surface irregularities, especially in massive material application.
- various polymers can be used in the process according to the invention.
- the process of the invention can be combined with paper deacidification processes such as the papersave process.
- the method is also suitable for editing books as a whole.
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Cited By (2)
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CN109957993A (zh) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-07-02 | 常州苏达欧包装材料有限公司 | 一种防水抗拉伸砂纸原纸 |
CN114113361A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-03-01 | 中科院广州化学有限公司 | 一种萃取纸及其制备方法以及在检测酸性药物中的应用 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3529925A (en) * | 1967-09-25 | 1970-09-22 | Itt Rayonier Inc | Process for interfiber bonding of cellulosic fibrous webs |
EP0285227A1 (fr) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-10-05 | B.V.B.A. Technische Handelsonderneming Jezet International | Procédé de conservation de feuilles de papier et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
WO2014201544A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-24 | Chemgreen Innovation Inc. | Polymère antimicrobien comportant un groupe ammonium quaternaire |
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2017
- 2017-12-14 EP EP17207499.9A patent/EP3339508B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3529925A (en) * | 1967-09-25 | 1970-09-22 | Itt Rayonier Inc | Process for interfiber bonding of cellulosic fibrous webs |
EP0285227A1 (fr) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-10-05 | B.V.B.A. Technische Handelsonderneming Jezet International | Procédé de conservation de feuilles de papier et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
WO2014201544A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-18 | 2014-12-24 | Chemgreen Innovation Inc. | Polymère antimicrobien comportant un groupe ammonium quaternaire |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109957993A (zh) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-07-02 | 常州苏达欧包装材料有限公司 | 一种防水抗拉伸砂纸原纸 |
CN114113361A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-03-01 | 中科院广州化学有限公司 | 一种萃取纸及其制备方法以及在检测酸性药物中的应用 |
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