EP3332168A1 - Dispositif d'éclairage laser pour phares de véhicule - Google Patents

Dispositif d'éclairage laser pour phares de véhicule

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Publication number
EP3332168A1
EP3332168A1 EP16750360.6A EP16750360A EP3332168A1 EP 3332168 A1 EP3332168 A1 EP 3332168A1 EP 16750360 A EP16750360 A EP 16750360A EP 3332168 A1 EP3332168 A1 EP 3332168A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
laser light
light
illumination device
light beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16750360.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3332168B1 (fr
Inventor
Bettina REISINGER
Markus REINPRECHT
Klaus-Dieter Scharf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZKW Group GmbH
Original Assignee
ZKW Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZKW Group GmbH filed Critical ZKW Group GmbH
Publication of EP3332168A1 publication Critical patent/EP3332168A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3332168B1 publication Critical patent/EP3332168B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/60—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by a variable light distribution
    • F21S41/67—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by a variable light distribution by acting on reflectors
    • F21S41/675—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by a variable light distribution by acting on reflectors by moving reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/16—Laser light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/176—Light sources where the light is generated by photoluminescent material spaced from a primary light generating element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/24—Light guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/30—Semiconductor lasers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser illumination device for vehicles with two or more laser light sources, each adapted to produce a primary laser light beam, a light source associated with each laser light source, each primary laser light beam coupled to its first end and decoupled from its second end as a secondary laser light beam and each secondary laser light beam is directed to a light conversion means to generate at this a predetermined luminous image, which is projected via a the light conversion means associated projection system as a light image on the road.
  • the invention relates to a headlight with at least one such laser illumination device.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle with at least one such headlight.
  • Headlamps that work with laser beams scanning via a light conversion medium are known. They usually produce a luminous image on a light conversion medium, often called “phosphor” for short, on which the blue laser light, for example, is converted into essentially "white” light by fluorescence. The generated luminous image is then extracted by means of the imaging system, e.g. lens optics projected onto the roadway.
  • the microscanner is generally a beam deflection means, for example a micromirror, which can be moved about one or two axes, e.g.
  • the modulation of the laser light source determines for each point or line of the light image, the desired luminance, on the one hand must comply with statutory requirements for the projected photograph and on the other hand, the respective driving situation can be adjusted.
  • micro-scanner with one or more laser beams, which are modulated synchronously with the mirror oscillation, makes it possible to produce almost any light distribution.
  • Such a method is also known in principle in so-called pico projectors and head-up displays, which likewise use micromirrors which are designed as MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems).
  • MEMS micro-electro-mechanical systems
  • significantly higher laser powers must be introduced for headlamps.
  • working with blue laser light which originates for example from laser diodes, is usually used. In view of the required high laser power in the order of 5 to 30 watts, it is important to make the best possible use of the laser power installed in a headlight.
  • ID microscanner systems find their application in the headlights.
  • a plurality of blue laser diodes are arranged so that the laser beams generated by them are directed via a single ID microscanner on the phosphor.
  • An "ID microscanner” is understood to be a microscanner that can be moved around a single axis, whereby each laser diode illuminates its own area on the phosphor, so that separate lines are "written".
  • the spot diameter of the laser diodes i. the diameter of a light spot generated by the corresponding laser diode by the fluorescence, be correspondingly different on the phosphor.
  • these values can vary widely, e.g. if line heights between 0.2 mm and 0.9 mm are to be realized on a phosphor.
  • the light intensity in such a spot usually has a Gaussian shape, and decreases exponentially to spots edges.
  • the laser beams generated by the conventional laser diodes have spatial asymmetries, which is why the spot is substantially elliptical, wherein the length of the ellipse main axis may differ greatly from the length of the ellipse axis.
  • the limit of the spot is usually assumed to be the point at which the intensity has fallen to 1 / e or to 1 / e 2 . The assumed value then defines the boundary to the next line in the luminous image.
  • One way of at least partially addressing this problem is to vary the intensity value assumed for the determination of the line boundary.
  • the values are set too low, dark streaks will appear between the lines in the light image and consequently also in the light image.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a laser illumination device in which a light image with improved photometric properties can be realized.
  • each primary laser light beam has a first intensity profile
  • each secondary laser light beam has a second intensity profile different from the first intensity profile
  • each secondary laser light beam is directed to the light conversion means via a microscanner.
  • the micro-scanner In an embodiment which is expedient with regard to the control-related expenditure, provision can be made for the micro-scanner to be pivotable about exactly one axis. Such an ID microscanner can also be used to deal with EMC problems (EMC stands for electromagnetic compatibility).
  • EMC electromagnetic compatibility
  • the two-axis swiveling microscanners - short 2D microscanners - the Strahlablenkstoff (for example, a micromirror) must oscillate a lot faster, so that a uniformly illuminated photo can be realized as the path through which the image scanned will be much longer. As a result, one must be able to turn on and off the laser light sources themselves very quickly.
  • each laser light source downstream of an optical attachment which couples the primary laser light beam in the first end of this laser light source associated light guide.
  • the secondary laser light beams are subdivided into two or more laser light beam groups, each laser light beam group being guided by a respective micro scanner.
  • the optical fibers of at least a subset of the optical fibers are arranged as a cone tapering in the direction of light propagation.
  • the light guides for example, glass rods
  • Use of curved optical fibers can contribute to increasing the divergence of the laser beam in one or both of its axes (major ellipse axis, ellipse minor axis) and affect the tuning of the laser beam profile size to the size of the micro-scanner.
  • the second ends may be arranged and / or formed such that the secondary light beams extend substantially parallel to one another.
  • the second ends In order to produce a luminous image subdivided in lines, it is expedient for the second ends to be arranged adjacent to one another in a row.
  • each optical scanner is preceded by an optical imaging system.
  • the optical imaging system prefferably has one, two or more lenses and / or one, two or more diaphragms and / or one, two or more reflectors.
  • the primary laser light beams couple at least a subset of the primary laser light beams into the first ends via at least one beam deflection means, for example a mirror or a prism.
  • the light guides prefferably have a substantially rectangular cross section.
  • the optical fibers may be advantageous if the optical fibers have a different sized cross-section.
  • the quality and the resolution of the light image it is of particular advantage if the first intensity profile in each spatial direction substantially Gaussian shape and the second intensity profile in each spatial direction substantially flat-top shape (even in top hat shape or Top Hat intensity profile known).
  • the second intensity profile in each spatial direction has a substantially flat top shape and the beam cross section of the secondary light beams is substantially rectangular.
  • FIG. 1 shows the essential components of the invention of a laser illumination device of a conventional type (AT 514834 A2) and the context in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 2 shows the essential components of a laser illumination device according to the invention and the context in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 2a shows the laser illumination device according to the invention with conically arranged rigid optical fibers and a schematically illustrated imaging system
  • FIG. 2b shows the laser illumination device according to the invention with curved light guides and a schematically illustrated imaging system
  • FIG. 3 shows a stationary luminous image generated by the laser illumination device
  • Fig. 4 shows an exemplary arrangement of the optical fiber ends of Fig. 2a
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a coupling of the primary beams in the light guide via deflecting mirror.
  • Photometric starting point of the laser illumination device shown here are two, here superimposed groups 1 and 2 of four laser light sources 11, 12, 13, 14 and 21, 22, 23, 24, which can each emit a denoted by 11p to 18p laser beam.
  • the laser light sources 11 to 18 are associated with a laser driver 3, wherein this driver 3 is used for power supply and is also set up to modulate the beam intensity of the individual lasers.
  • modulating in the context of the present invention is meant that the intensity of a laser light source can be changed, be it continuous or pulsed, in the sense of switching on and off, pulsed. It is essential that the light output can be changed dynamically analogously, depending on where the beams are directed. In addition, there is the possibility of switching on and off for a certain time in order not to illuminate defined places
  • the laser driver 3 in turn in turn contains signals from a central headlamp drive 4, which sensor signals sl ... si ... sn can be supplied.
  • these control and sensor signals can be, for example, switching commands for switching from high beam to low beam or, on the other hand, signals received by light sensors or cameras which detect the lighting conditions on the road and, for example, hide or attenuate certain areas in the light screen.
  • Each laser light source 11 to 18 is followed by its own collimator optics 21 to 28, which bundles the initially highly divergent laser beam 11p to 18p. Subsequently, the distance of the laser beams of the first group 1 and the second group 2 is each reduced by a common converging lens 31 and 32 and with subsequent diverging lenses 41 and 42, the exit angle of the laser beams is kept as low as possible.
  • the four laser beams 11p, 12p, 13p and 14p of the first group 1 "bundled" in the described manner strike a first microscanner 51 and analogously the laser beams 15p, 16p, 16p and 18p of the second group 2 strike a second microscanner 52 and are reflected together on a formed in the present case as a luminous surface light conversion means 60.
  • microscanner is understood to mean a general beam deflecting device which can be pivoted about one or two spatial axes, which is usually designed as a micromirror, does not necessarily have to be designed as such, but can be configured as a prism, for example
  • phosphorus in the context of the present invention is understood to mean, in general terms, a substance or mixture of substances which transmits light of one wavelength to light of another wavelength or a mixture of wavelengths, in particular into “white” light, which is subsumed under the term “wavelength conversion.”
  • white light is understood as meaning light of such a spectral composition which produces the color impression "white” in humans "of course is not up for the human eye restricted visible radiation.
  • optoceramics ie transparent ceramics, such as, for example, YAG-Ce (an yttrium-aluminum garnet doped with cerium).
  • the microscanner 51 is driven by a micro scanner drive 5 and set in oscillations of constant frequency, whereby these vibrations can correspond in particular to the mechanical natural frequency of the micro scanner.
  • the microscanner drive 5 is in turn controlled by the headlight drive 4 in order to adjust the oscillation amplitude of the microscanners 51, 52, whereby asymmetric oscillation about the axis can be adjustable.
  • the control of microscanners is known and can be done in many ways, eg electromagnetic, electrostatic, thermoelectric and piezoelectric.
  • the microscanners 51, 52 vibrate, for example, with a frequency of a few hundred Hz and their maximum deflection is a few degrees to 60 °, depending on their control.
  • the position of the microscanners 51, 52 is expediently reported back to the micro scanner control 5 and / or to the headlight driver 4.
  • the two microscanners can oscillate synchronously, but it is also a non-synchronous Swing applicable, for example, to make the thermal load of the luminous surface or the light conversion medium uniform.
  • microscanners In the case of the silent, i. do not oscillate, microscanners generate the collimated laser beams 11p to 18p on the light conversion means 60, namely the luminous surface, which is generally flat, but need not be flat, luminous spots, each having a luminous flux distribution corresponding to the intensity profile of the relevant laser light beam ,
  • Fig. 1a two spots 71p and 72p are schematically shown, which are produced by a laser illumination device of Fig. 1.
  • Each luminous flux distribution is essentially Gaussian and corresponds to the intensity profile of the two "adjacent" laser beams, for example 11p and 12p.
  • a section along the line AA represents a luminous flux profile 73 and is for the luminous image of FIG
  • the luminous flux profile 73 described here does not allow a sharp distinction between the light spots and leads to large variations in light intensity in the light image.
  • roadway is used here for a simplified representation, because of course it depends on the local conditions whether the photo is actually on the roadway or extends beyond it, eg to test the radiated light distributions, one produces a projection of the Photograph on a vertical surface in accordance with the relevant standards relating to automotive lighting technology.
  • this problem is solved by shaping the beam profile of the laser light beams.
  • the essential components of a laser illumination device according to the invention which has technical means with which the solution is implemented, are illustrated by way of non-limiting example in FIG. In this case, for the sake of simplicity, only one of the two laser light sources groups of Fig. 1 is taken into consideration.
  • Each laser light source 11 to 14 is followed by its own intent optics 81 to 84, which bundles the initially highly divergent primary laser beam 11p to 18p and then focused on the first ends 91e to 94e of the optical fibers 91 to 94 so that the primary laser light beams substantially without losses couple into the light guides.
  • the laser light beams are advantageously coupled into the light guide in such a way that, for example, in a rectangular light guide the Longitudinal axis of, emitted by the laser light source, typically elliptical beam cross-section having, laser beam, parallel to the cross-sectional longitudinal axis of the rectangular light guide runs.
  • the type of coupling depends on which axis (major ellipse axis or ellipse minor axis) the laser light beams are to have less divergence on coupling out (the secondary laser light beams).
  • the term "light guide” also all technical means are subsumed, which are suitable for shaping the beam profile (intensity profile and the cross section of the laser beams) So there are all "Strahlprofilformer” in a specific technical execution of applicable to the present invention.
  • multimode fibers or glass rods of various types can be used.
  • the type of beamformer refers to the behavior of its refractive index. One differentiates between e.g. Step index fibers, gradient index fibers or homogeneous beam profile shapers (with a constant refractive index).
  • the beam profile formers may have different cross-sectional sizes (from a few to hundreds of microns to a few millimeters).
  • Such a beam profiler may be used, for example, as an array of optics, e.g. Lenses, mirrors and diaphragms, be realized.
  • attachment optics in the context of the present invention is understood to mean an optical system suitable for focusing the originally diverging primary laser light beams 11p to 14p onto the associated first ends 91e to 94e Embodiment, a collimator lens and a converging lens, but may alternatively include other available to the expert optical means, which are suitable for focusing the primary laser light beams.
  • the primary laser light beams 11p to 14p in the optical fibers 91 to 94 are multiply totally reflected. This results in the light "filling in" the entire cross-section of the light guide, whereby the beam profile of the light rays emerging from the light guides as secondary light rays Iis to 14s substantially takes on the shape of the cross section of the light guides used optical fibers have a substantially rectangular shape of the cross section. Accordingly, the secondary light beams Iis to 14s have a substantially rectangular intensity profile.
  • two rectangular spots 71s and 72s formed on the light conversion means 60 by two of the secondary beams, for example by Iis and 12s, are shown having a substantially rectangular beam cross section and a substantially rectangular intensity profile, also referred to in the literature as Fiat Top or top hat shape or simply top hat, which correspond to secondary laser beams and have a substantially rectangular luminous flux profile 73a and 73b along the section BB.
  • the size of the cross section may vary from optical fiber to optical fiber and, as a result, lead to differently sized spots on the light conversion means 60.
  • the luminous flux density (illuminance) in a light spot and consequently the light intensity of this light spot can be adjusted. This is discussed in FIG.
  • microscanners that vibrate only about one axis
  • microscanners that oscillate about two axes.
  • a plurality of laser beams may be directed to such a micro-scanner, directly generated adjacent light bands.
  • Embodiments with only a single micro-scanner are also conceivable, in which, for example, the secondary laser beams impinge against the main emission direction of the headlight directly onto the micro-scanner, which then directs the laser beams to a phosphorescent phosphor.
  • the imaging system 6 is shown schematically as a converging lens. In general, it is an optical system comprising one, two or more lenses, which are arranged one behind the other and / or each associated with a light guide, and / or reflectors, and which optical system the secondary light beams Iis to 14s via the micro scanner 51 to the light conversion means 60 collimated / focused.
  • Fig. 2a light guides 91 to 94, which are arranged as a converging in the light propagation direction cone.
  • the light guides 91 to 94 can be "rigid".
  • optical fibers 91 to 94 designed as multimode fibers.
  • the optical fibers can be curved and arranged such that the second ends 91z to 94z are arranged adjacent to each other in a row.
  • the secondary laser light beams Iis to 14s are substantially parallel, and the distance between the light spots on the light conversion means 60 by the imaging optical system 6 can be minimized.
  • Fig. 4 shows an arrangement of the optical fiber ends of Fig. 2a.
  • the optical fibers 91 to 94 are tapered at an opening angle ⁇
  • the second ends 91z to 94z are such as e.g. by grinding, that the secondary light beams Iis to 14s are substantially parallel to each other.
  • the opening angle ⁇ must not be arbitrarily large, since this would require the corresponding grinding of the second ends 91z to 94z and would lead to undesirable distortions in the light and thus in the light image.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 is a special case. In practice, it may well happen that the second ends 91z to 94z are not in one plane.
  • the grinding angle is given by the law of refraction and by the opening angle ⁇ .
  • the configuration of the second ends 91z to 94z (by grinding) serves as a technical means for the secondary laser light beams, which generate the light spots on the light conversion means, to strike the light conversion means at a predetermined angle, preferably parallel to each other.
  • the primary laser light beams are coupled via mirrors 200 to 207 (via a so-called "mirrored staircase") into the first ends, whereby both the opening angle ⁇ and one can be reduced optimized cooling of the laser diodes can be realized, since they can be arranged in one plane and thereby realize a simpler connection to a common heat sink.
  • a mirror staircase has been used in this embodiment, it may be replaced by other technical means, generally beam deflection means, which are suitable for deflecting light.
  • the mirrors 200 to 207 can be partially or entirely replaced by prisms.
  • arrangements are conceivable in which two or more primary laser beams are deflected via one and the same beam deflection means.
  • the overlapping of the light bands on a light surface or a light conversion means does not take place, and the light image thus generated is projected onto the road surface.
  • two or more separate laser illumination devices according to the invention to be provided in a headlight, with these being aligned with one another such that the overlapping of the light images takes place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Mechanical Optical Scanning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'éclairage laser pour des véhicules, comprenant deux ou plusieurs sources de lumière laser où chacune est montée pour générer un faisceau de lumière laser primaire, un conduit de lumière associé à chaque source de lumière laser. Selon l'invention, chaque faisceau de lumière laser primaire est couplé à sa première extrémité et découplé de sa seconde extrémité sous la forme d'un faisceau de lumière laser secondaire et chaque faisceau de lumière laser secondaire est dirigé sur un moyen de conversion de lumière pour générer au niveau de celui-ci un éclairage prédéfini qui est projeté sur la chaussée sous la forme d'une image de lumière par le biais du système de projection associé au moyen de conversion de lumière. Chaque faisceau de lumière laser primaire comporte un premier profil d'intensité, chaque faisceau de lumière laser secondaire comporte un second profil d'intensité différent du premier profil, et chaque faisceau de lumière secondaire est dirigé sur le moyen de conversion de lumière par le biais d'un micro-scanner.
EP16750360.6A 2015-08-03 2016-07-19 Dispositif d'éclairage laser pour phares de véhicule Active EP3332168B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50700/2015A AT517524B1 (de) 2015-08-03 2015-08-03 Laserbeleuchtungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeugscheinwerfer
PCT/AT2016/060009 WO2017020054A1 (fr) 2015-08-03 2016-07-19 Dispositif d'éclairage laser pour phares de véhicule

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3332168A1 true EP3332168A1 (fr) 2018-06-13
EP3332168B1 EP3332168B1 (fr) 2019-08-28

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US (1) US10288242B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3332168B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6506881B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN107850281B (fr)
AT (1) AT517524B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017020054A1 (fr)

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AT517524B1 (de) 2017-10-15
CN107850281A (zh) 2018-03-27
AT517524A1 (de) 2017-02-15
US10288242B2 (en) 2019-05-14
JP2018523897A (ja) 2018-08-23
WO2017020054A1 (fr) 2017-02-09
JP6506881B2 (ja) 2019-04-24
US20180224080A1 (en) 2018-08-09
EP3332168B1 (fr) 2019-08-28
CN107850281B (zh) 2020-05-29

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