EP3295463A1 - Künstlicher dauermagnet und verfahren zur herstellung des künstlichen dauermagneten - Google Patents
Künstlicher dauermagnet und verfahren zur herstellung des künstlichen dauermagnetenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3295463A1 EP3295463A1 EP16726285.6A EP16726285A EP3295463A1 EP 3295463 A1 EP3295463 A1 EP 3295463A1 EP 16726285 A EP16726285 A EP 16726285A EP 3295463 A1 EP3295463 A1 EP 3295463A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- main phase
- particle size
- permanent magnet
- average particle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0273—Imparting anisotropy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
- B22F2301/355—Rare Earth - Fe intermetallic alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/10—Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing
- artificial permanent magnets can be produced, which generate a permanent, substantially static magnetic field in the vicinity of the permanent magnet.
- Permanent magnets are used in numerous fields of application, so that there is a great need for different permanent magnets. There are many procedures
- Permanent magnet materials artificial permanent magnets can be manufactured and magnetized. Depending on the manufacturing process used and the
- respective permanent magnet materials permanent magnets can be made with different properties and adapted to the particular application.
- a practice proven manufacturing method uses a crystalline powder of a suitable one
- the crystalline powder is pressed into a compact and sintered this compact, wherein during the sintering process, the compressed powder grains are bonded together by heating to more than 1000 ° C and solidified.
- produced artificial permanent magnets are governed by various characteristic properties such as a saturation magnetization, a
- the permanent magnet has both a high coercive field strength and a high remanence, so that during the manufacturing process or subsequently magnetized with an external magnetic permanent magnetic magnet its magnetization outside of the external magnetic field as long as possible
- artificial permanent magnets can be produced with advantageous properties and in particular with a high remanence and with a high coercive field strength. Frequently used and inexpensive alloys from which
- neodymium-iron-boron or samarium-cobalt For example, neodymium-iron-boron or samarium-cobalt.
- Properties can be selectively improved or strengthened. For example, it has been shown that at
- Coercive field strength of the sintered permanent magnet can be increased. For this reason, it is known in the art to mix already in the melting of the alloys to be used for the production of the powder and for the subsequent sintering process, a suitable proportion of additional elements which during the sintering process or during the heating of the
- Sintering process can not be melted down by diffusion and affect the magnetic properties of the individual permanent magnetic particles and, consequently, the entire sintered permanent magnet.
- the anisotropic field strength is significantly influenced by the introduced in an edge region of a permanent magnetic particle additional elements while the same
- Permanent magnet is sintered, can be in most cases only a substantially homogeneous distribution of the additional element within the permanent magnet and
- Anisotropiefeldstar is achieved, can be compensated by the reduction in the remanence caused in the entire particle, so that the increased addition of additional elements can even be a total disadvantageous.
- Permanent magnet can be used. If an already sintered permanent magnet is subsequently reheated and brought into contact with a suitable additional element, the additional element diffuses reinforced along the
- Main phase powder is provided with a second average particle size, which is smaller than the first average particle size, wherein in a powder mixing step, the main phase powder and the anisotropic powder are mixed together to form a powder mixture, wherein
- Particle size and with the anisotropy powder with the second average particle size is sintered to an artificial permanent magnet.
- the method according to the invention makes use of the fact that, during the heating during the course of sintering, small particles melt faster or melt completely than large particles.
- the specification according to the invention of the different average particle size achieves the smaller particle size anisotropy powder added to the powder mixture melts or melts faster during the sintering process and the particles of the main phase powder having the larger average particle size largely retain their fixed shape.
- the additional elements contained in the anisotropic powder are rapidly moved by the early melting of the smaller particles and penetrate into marginal areas of the considerable
- Main phase powder can be achieved while a
- Core area of the larger particles of the main phase powder remains largely free of additional elements.
- the small particles of the anisotropy powder melt substantially completely during the sintering process and the chemical composition of a liquid phase produced from the anisotropy powder during the sintering process is determined and predetermined decisively by the chemical composition of the anisotropy powder.
- the liquid phase crystallizes out at the edge regions of the particles of the main phase powder. Due to the grain boundary diffusion, the liquid phase quickly disperses and surrounds the particles of the main phase powder, so that the chemical elements from the liquid phase rapidly into the edge region of the particles of the
- Main phase powder can penetrate.
- Both the main phase powder and the anisotropic powder usually have particles with a particle size distribution extending over a size range.
- a suitable average particle size a suitable average particle size.
- Particle size such as a median or an arithmetic mean of the particle size distribution
- Production of a permanent magnet according to the invention can, for example, as a main phase powder or a component of the main phase powder, an SE 2 (Fe, X) 14 B compound
- Element including iron or any other
- the anisotropic field strength of the permanent magnet should be increased.
- the anisotropic powder contains such rare earth elements, which the Anisotropiefeldpara the Increase main phase powder. It is also possible that the anisotropy powder contains other or further constituents and additional elements which likewise increase the anisotropic field strength of the main phase powder or which also influences the magnetic properties of the artificial permanent magnet and to a respective one
- Purpose can be adjusted.
- the first average particle size of the main phase powder is more than 50% greater than the second average particle size of the anisotropy powder.
- the first middle is provided that the first middle
- Particle size is more than 100% larger than the second average particle size. The greater the difference in the mean particle size, the faster the sintering process can be achieved during the sintering process
- Anisotropiepulver substantially completely passes into a liquid phase and the individual components or additional elements of the anisotropic powder favored by the grain boundary diffusion, the particles of
- the first average particle size of the main phase powder is between 3 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
- the second mean particle size of the first average particle size of the main phase powder is advantageous for the first average particle size of the main phase powder to be between 3 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
- Anisotropy powder is suitably less than 3 pm. However, it is also possible to specify deviating average particle sizes.
- the preparation of the main phase powder and the anisotropy powder may be by suitable measures such as a controlled grinding or
- Grain size distribution may vary between the
- anisotropy powder in the powder mixture is less than 50% by weight, and preferably less than 20% Weight percent is.
- additional elements in the anisotropic powder either in the procurement or in the processing or
- the invention also relates to an artificial one
- the artificial permanent magnet has a liquid phase which is at least partially liquefied during the sintering process and particles of a main phase embedded therein which comprise a rare-earth transition-metal compound with permanent-magnetic
- both particles of the main phase adjoining an outer surface of the permanent magnet and particles arranged in an inner region with a large distance to an outer surface of the permanent magnet each have a comparatively inhomogeneous concentration of the anisotropic field strength-increasing substances, the concentration in the
- Edge regions of the particles is each significantly higher than in the core regions of the particles.
- the inventive artificial permanent magnet has an inhomogeneous concentration of the anisotropic field strength increasing substances or an increased accumulation in the edge regions of the particles of the main phase.
- the remanence of the artificial permanent magnet according to the invention is therefore not appreciably or only slightly influenced and reduced, while the advantageous improvement of the magnetic
- the artificial permanent magnet according to the invention also differs from permanent magnets, in which a first
- Exterior surfaces of the artificial permanent magnet penetrates, since in this way only in outer surface regions of the permanent magnet by grain boundary diffusion an enrichment of the anisotropic field strength increasing substance in the edge regions of the particles located there
- Regions of the permanent magnet can not be reached by the substance penetrating from the outside and there is no appreciable increase in the anisotropic field strength. In most cases, with such a post-treatment of artificial permanent magnets already produced only an exponentially decaying enrichment of the
- Anisotropy field strength increasing substance can be achieved in outer surface areas of the artificial permanent magnet.
- the inventive artificial permanent magnet in the edge regions of substantially all, and in particular in an inner region of the artificial permanent magnet at a distance from the outer surfaces of an advantageous enrichment of the
- Anisotropy field strength increasing substance Especially with large-volume artificial permanent magnets whose
- opposite outer surfaces have a distance of several millimeters and more, can thereby with
- the artificial permanent magnet according to the invention can be used with the invention described above
- Manufacturing process can be produced.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a sequence of process steps for the inventive production of an artificial permanent magnet
- Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view through a
- FIG. 1 schematically
- the main phase powder has a rare-earth transition metal compound with permanent magnetic
- the anisotropy powder has particles
- Anisotropiefeld the anisotropy powder in comparison with the main phase powder effect.
- the particles of the main phase powder have a first average particle size that is greater than the second mean particle size of the particles of anisotropy powder.
- the different average particle size can be
- Particle size is already provided and can be selected accordingly.
- a subsequent powder mixing step 2 the main phase powder and the anisotropy powder are mixed together to form a powder mixture.
- Heating and sintering is suitable and already the
- the powder mixture may optionally contain further substances or, for example, a suitable
- Binders are added to the preparation of the
- components may be added, for example, the strength or the
- the powder mixture with the main phase powder having the first average particle size and the anisotropy powder with the second average particle size and optionally sintered with other components and additional elements to form an artificial permanent magnet In this case, the heat treatments customary for a sintering process can be carried out.
- Permanent magnet 5 is shown by way of example in FIG. 2.
- the particles 6 of the main phase powder or the main phase are embedded in an initially liquefied and subsequently recrystallized liquid phase 7.
- Liquid phase 7 was generated during the sintering process from the anisotropic powder, which is melted early and has been distributed in its liquid phase to the particles 6 of the main phase powder and surrounding these particles 6.
- additional elements have entered and landed in an edge region 8 of the particles of the main phase powder
- Particles 6 of the main phase powder amplifies and reduces a magnetic interaction, in particular a magnetic exchange interaction between adjacent particles of the main phase powder. Since the concerned
- a main phase powder was prepared from a ternary alloy Nd-Fe-B, where Nd is called neodymium, Fe iron and B boron.
- the main phase powder was finely ground to an average grain size of about 6 microns.
- Anisotropy powder was made of a second alloy
- SE-TM-B essentially consisting of SE-TM-B, where SE is a rare-earth element and B boron, and the component denoted TM includes not only iron but also other chemical elements such as gallium, copper and aluminum.
- TM includes not only iron but also other chemical elements such as gallium, copper and aluminum.
- the anisotropy powder was finely ground to an average grain size of about 3 ⁇ m. In both cases, the starting materials were added before
- Weight percent of the main phase powder and about 10
- Permanent magnet produced in which the same materials of the main phase powder and the anisotropy powder respectively with comparable proportions, but with a uniform mean particle size of 6 pm were prepared and from a reference permanent magnet was sintered.
- the intrinsic coercive field strength of the permanent magnet according to the invention about 10% higher than the intrinsic coercive field strength of the reference permanent magnet. Even with a warming to about 100 ° C was the
- intrinsic coercive field strength of the permanent magnet according to the invention still significantly higher than the intrinsic coercive field strength of the reference permanent magnet.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102015107486.9A DE102015107486A1 (de) | 2015-05-12 | 2015-05-12 | Künstlicher Dauermagnet und Verfahren zur Herstellung des künstlichen Dauermagneten |
PCT/EP2016/060633 WO2016180912A1 (de) | 2015-05-12 | 2016-05-12 | Künstlicher dauermagnet und verfahren zur herstellung des künstlichen dauermagneten |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3295463A1 true EP3295463A1 (de) | 2018-03-21 |
Family
ID=56096607
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16726285.6A Pending EP3295463A1 (de) | 2015-05-12 | 2016-05-12 | Künstlicher dauermagnet und verfahren zur herstellung des künstlichen dauermagneten |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11087907B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3295463A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN107851497B (de) |
BR (1) | BR112017024247B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102015107486A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2016180912A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020241249A1 (ja) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-03 | 日本電気株式会社 | 受信光学系制御装置および受信光学系制御方法 |
KR20210125316A (ko) | 2020-04-08 | 2021-10-18 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 희토류 영구자석 및 그 제조방법 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3092672B2 (ja) * | 1991-01-30 | 2000-09-25 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 希土類−Fe−Co−B系異方性磁石 |
US5387291A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1995-02-07 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. | Process for producing alloy powder material for R-Fe-B permanent magnets and alloy powder for adjusting the composition therefor |
JP4449900B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-22 | 2010-04-14 | 日立金属株式会社 | 希土類合金粉末の製造方法および希土類焼結磁石の製造方法 |
US7357880B2 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2008-04-15 | Aichi Steel Corporation | Composite rare-earth anisotropic bonded magnet, composite rare-earth anisotropic bonded magnet compound, and methods for their production |
CN1985338A (zh) * | 2004-06-30 | 2007-06-20 | 代顿大学 | 各向异性的纳米复合稀土永磁体及其制造方法 |
EP1860668B1 (de) | 2005-03-14 | 2015-01-14 | TDK Corporation | R-t-b-basierter, gesinterter magnet |
US9082538B2 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2015-07-14 | Zhejiang University | Sintered Nd—Fe—B permanent magnet with high coercivity for high temperature applications |
JP5267800B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-27 | 2013-08-21 | ミネベア株式会社 | 自己修復性希土類−鉄系磁石 |
CN103093911B (zh) * | 2013-01-25 | 2016-08-10 | 江苏东瑞磁材科技有限公司 | 一种烧结稀土永磁体的粉末 |
US10186374B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-01-22 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Manufacturing Nd—Fe—B magnets using hot pressing with reduced dysprosium or terbium |
DE102014103210B4 (de) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-03-19 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) | Herstellen von nd-fe-b-magneten unter verwendung von heisspressen mit verringertem dysprosium oder terbium |
CN104752013A (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-01 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种稀土永磁材料及其制备方法 |
CN103996522B (zh) * | 2014-05-11 | 2016-06-15 | 沈阳中北通磁科技股份有限公司 | 一种含Ce的钕铁硼稀土永磁体的制造方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-05-12 DE DE102015107486.9A patent/DE102015107486A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-05-12 WO PCT/EP2016/060633 patent/WO2016180912A1/de active Application Filing
- 2016-05-12 US US15/572,060 patent/US11087907B2/en active Active
- 2016-05-12 BR BR112017024247-8A patent/BR112017024247B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2016-05-12 EP EP16726285.6A patent/EP3295463A1/de active Pending
- 2016-05-12 CN CN201680040956.1A patent/CN107851497B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112017024247A2 (pt) | 2018-07-24 |
CN107851497A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
US11087907B2 (en) | 2021-08-10 |
CN107851497B (zh) | 2020-06-19 |
DE102015107486A1 (de) | 2016-11-17 |
BR112017024247B1 (pt) | 2022-08-23 |
WO2016180912A1 (de) | 2016-11-17 |
US20180211749A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
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