EP3288396A1 - Utilisation de cysteine endoprotéase pour diminuer le trouble de boissons - Google Patents
Utilisation de cysteine endoprotéase pour diminuer le trouble de boissonsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3288396A1 EP3288396A1 EP16724303.9A EP16724303A EP3288396A1 EP 3288396 A1 EP3288396 A1 EP 3288396A1 EP 16724303 A EP16724303 A EP 16724303A EP 3288396 A1 EP3288396 A1 EP 3288396A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cysteine
- malt
- endoprotease
- beverage
- fermented
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C5/00—Other raw materials for the preparation of beer
- C12C5/004—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
- A23L2/84—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter using microorganisms or biological material, e.g. enzymes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C1/00—Preparation of malt
- C12C1/18—Preparation of malt extract or of special kinds of malt, e.g. caramel, black malt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
- C12C11/003—Fermentation of beerwort
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/64—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue
- C12N9/6421—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue from mammals
- C12N9/6472—Cysteine endopeptidases (3.4.22)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y304/00—Hydrolases acting on peptide bonds, i.e. peptidases (3.4)
- C12Y304/22—Cysteine endopeptidases (3.4.22)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for clarifying beverages, particularly beer.
- Clarification is an essential step in the beverage industry, faced with the formation of a disorder during the storage of beer, wine or fruit juice. Being a major problem, many studies have been conducted on the subject and it is now a well-known phenomenon.
- the formation of colloidal disorder is due to polyphenol-protein and protein-protein interactions. The disorder depends on the protein-polyphenol ratio present in the must but also on the proline content of the proteins present in the must, the degree of polymerization as well as the number of hydroxyl groups of the polyphenols (Siebert (2006) L 1/1/739 : 987-994).
- proline-rich proteins such as gelatin
- polyphenols such as tannic acid
- silica gels that bind the proline-rich proteins more specifically. These silica gels, however, are not very effective in clarifying polyphenol-rich beverages.
- PVPP Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
- polyphenols have an antioxidant role that can be beneficial.
- the filtration after a passage at low temperature inducing the formation of the disorder is also used but the latter technique has the disadvantage of being long (several months).
- Enzymatic means are also used such as the hydrolysis of the protein fraction by a natural protease with a very broad specificity of action, papain, but the latter also degrades the proteins of the foam, which is an undesirable side effect. More recently, the use of a proline-specific endoprotease that more specifically degrades prolamins has been described: Clarex® Brewers, which is a recombinant prolyl endoprotease of the class EC 3.4.21 .26 derived from a filamentous fungus: Aspergillus However, this endoprotease can also degrade the proteins of the foam.
- proteases hydrolysing the reserve proteins to ensure the development of the seedling.
- the presence of at least 40 proteases in green malt has been reported by Zhang and Jones (1995) J. Cereal Sci. 21: 145-153. These proteases belong to the 4 existing types: serine, metallo, cysteine and aspartyl proteases. It has been shown, however, that the proteases mainly responsible for the degradation of prolamins during grain germination are cysteine proteases Shi and Xu (2009) J. Integrative Plant Biol. 51: 52-57).
- the present invention results from the unexpected discovery by the inventors that the malt, in particular a malt extract, contains a protease activity capable of effectively reducing the turbidity of the beer.
- the inventors have more particularly demonstrated that this protease activity involves cysteine endoproteases, and more particularly, in barley malt, endoproteases A and B.
- the usefulness of barley endoproteases A and B is all the more surprising since, unlike many proteases, the presence of proline, an amino acid widely present in hordeins, does not seem to penalize their proteolytic activity.
- Cereal cysteine-endoproteases are able to cleave the N-terminal repeat domains of hordeins and gliadins, rich in proline and glutamine (Bethune et al (2006) Chem Biol 13: 637-647).
- the present invention thus relates to the use of at least one cysteine endoprotease comprising a sequence at least 55% identical to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 and or at the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4, or a fragment thereof having a cysteine endoprotease activity, for reducing the turbidity of a drink, whether fermented or not, based on cereals.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a malt extract comprising an endoproteases activity to reduce the disturbance of a drink, fermented or not, based on cereals.
- Another subject of the invention relates to the use of (i) at least one cysteine endoprotease as defined above or (ii) a malt extract as defined above, in the preparation of a fermented or non-fermented beverage made from cereals.
- the present invention also relates to a method for preventing or reducing the disorder of a beverage, fermented or not, based on cereals, comprising a step of adding (i) at least one cysteine endoprotease as defined above or (ii) a malt extract as defined above, during the process of manufacturing the beverage.
- the present invention also relates to the use (i) of at least one cysteine endoprotease as defined above or (ii) a malt extract as defined above, to increase the fermentation yield during the fermentation. manufacture of fermented beverages, made from cereals.
- the subject of the present invention is also a process for the manufacture of a cereal-based fermented or non-fermented drink, comprising a step of adding, in the must or the juice, (i) at least one cysteine endoprotease such as as defined above or (ii) a malt extract as defined above.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a cereal-based drink obtainable by one of the processes according to the invention. Detailed description of the invention
- a beverage is not only a ready-to-drink beverage but also any composition used to make the beverage.
- a drink in the context of the invention is a drink ready to be consumed.
- cereal-based drink any drink of which at least one of the raw materials used for its preparation comes from a cereal.
- the cereal-based beverage obtained in the context of the invention may thus be a barley-based beverage, wheat, in particular wheat, oats, rye, maize, rice, sorghum, millet, pseudo-cereals such as quinoa or buckwheat, or mixtures thereof.
- the cereal-based beverage obtained in the context of the invention is a barley or wheat beverage.
- the cereal-based beverage obtained in the context of the invention may be a fermented or non-fermented beverage. Preferably, it is a fermented beverage.
- the disorder observed during the storage of beverages, whether fermented or not, based on cereals, is generally due to polyphenol-protein and / or protein-protein interactions. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the cereal-based fermented or non-fermented beverage obtained in the context of the invention comprises proteins and polyphenols.
- cysteine endoproteases and / or malt extract are particularly effective in preventing or reducing the disorder of beer.
- the beverage, fermented or not, cereal-based is a liquid used in the production of beer.
- the drink, whether fermented or not, based on cereals is a beer.
- Beer means beer obtained from maize prepared from non-malted cereals, from maize prepared from malted cereals, or from maize made from a mixture of malted cereals. and not malted.
- the terms "haze” and "turbidity” are here used interchangeably.
- the disorder can be measured by any technique well known to those skilled in the art, typically by means of a turbidimeter, for example included in a Tannometer. Briefly, in a turbidimeter, the radiated light is reflected by the particles (turbidity) existing. The scattered light is then measured by a photodetector arranged at right angles (90 ° C) to the light source. The turbidity is expressed in UTN (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit, NTU in English) or in EBC (European Brewery Convention), 1 UTN equivalent to 0.25 EBC. It is preferably evaluated at a temperature of -8 ° C.
- Turbidity is preferably measured using the Chapon test described in Chapon et al. (1993) J. Inst. Brew. 99: 49-56, particularly the Alcohol-Chill-Tesf test described in Chapon et al (1993) J. Inst Brew 99: 49-56 Typically, 9.4 ml of sample are mixed with 0 6 ml of ethanol After incubation preferably for at least 30 minutes, for example for 30 minutes or 40 minutes at -8 ° C., the turbidity is measured at -8 ° C. on a turbidimeter, typically on a Tannometer, As marketed by Pfeuffer, the results are typically expressed in EBC units.
- cysteines endoproteases and the malt extract used in the context of the invention make it possible to reduce the disorder of the drink significantly compared to the same untreated drink.
- the cysteines endoproteases and the malt extract used in the context of the invention make it possible to reduce the turbidity of the beverage by at least 70% relative to the same untreated beverage, more preferably from least 71%, at least 73%, at least 74%, at least 75%, at least 77%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, or more preferably at least 93% at least 94% or at least 95%, especially when the turbidity is measured at -8 ° C, more particularly by means of the Chapon test as described above.
- the cysteines endoproteases and the malt extract used in the context of the invention make it possible to reduce the drinking disorder by at least 65 EBC units relative to the same untreated beverage, more preferably at least 67 EBC units, at least 68 EBC units, at least 70 EBC units, at least 74 EBC units, at least 75 EBC units, at least 80 EBC units, at least 81 EBC units, at least 87 EBC units, at least 89 EBC units, at least 90 EBC units, at least 94 EBC units, at least 95 EBC units , at least 100 EBC units, at least 102 EBC units or at least 103 EBC units, particularly when the turbidity is measured at -8 ° C, more particularly by means of the Chapon test as described above.
- the negative controls preferably two negative controls, may be constituted by a must without any addition and a must with addition of crude extract of heat-denatured barley malt, and the positive control may be constituted by a must with addition. from Brewers Clarex®.
- the monitoring of the fermentation is typically carried out by monitoring the yeast population, and the percentage by mass of dry extract of must, expressed in Plato degrees (denoted ° Plato).
- 1 ° Plato corresponds to 1 g of soluble dry matter (essentially fermentable sugars) per 100 g of must.
- the amount of sugar initially included in the must determines the amount of alcohol and carbon dioxide in the beer produced.
- the Plato degree is typically measured by means of an automatic density meter (Anton-Paar density meter DMA35).
- cysteines endoproteases and the malt extract used in the context of the invention make it possible to reach a Plato number of at most 1 at O + 8, when they are added during the course of the invention. fermentation stage.
- the cysteines endoproteases or the malt extract according to the invention increase the fermentation yield so as to reach a Plato 8 days after the start of the fermentation of at most 1, more preferably at most 0.8, at most 0.7, at most 0.6, at most 0.5 or at most 0.2 ° Plato, in particular when the fermentation is carried out at a temperature of approximately 13 ° C and in particular when a must at 1 1 ° Plato is produced by mixing type "EBC congress".
- Cysteine endoproteases or the malt extract according to the invention increase the fermentation yield so as to reach a Plato 8 days after the start of the fermentation of at most 1, more preferably at most 0.8, at most 0.7, at most 0.6, at most 0.5 or at most 0.2 ° Plato, in particular when the fermentation is carried out at a temperature of approximately 13 ° C and in particular when a must at 1 1 ° Plato is produced by mixing type "EBC congress".
- cyste endoprotease or “cysteine endopeptidase” is meant here an enzyme of the class EC 3.4.22 whose nucleophilic amino acid residue of the catalytic triad is a cysteine and cleaving the proteins within the peptide chain .
- the cysteine endoprotease (s) used in the context of the invention comprises, or consists of, a sequence at least 55% identical, more preferably at least 60% identical, at least 65% identical, at least less than 70% identical, not less than 75% identical, not less than 80% identical, not less than 85% identical, not less than 90% identical, not less than 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 or 100 % identical to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 and / or the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4, or a fragment thereof having an activity cysteine endoprotease.
- sequence at least x% identical to a reference sequence is meant here that the sequence is identical to the reference sequence or differs from the reference sequence by up to 100-x amino acid alterations for each 100 amino acids of the reference sequence.
- the amino acid alterations with respect to the reference sequence may be substitutions, deletions and / or insertions of one or more amino acids, and this at positions such that these modifications do not significantly affect the activity. enzymatic enzymes.
- the substitutions may in particular correspond to conservative substitutions or substitutions of natural amino acids by non-natural amino acids or pseudo-amino acids.
- the protein sequence differs from the reference sequence only in the presence of conservative substitutions.
- amino acid substitutions are amino acid substitutions of the same class, such as amino acid substitutions to uncharged side chains (such as asparagine, glutamine, serine, cysteine, and tyrosine), amino acids with basic side chains (such as lysine, arginine, and histidine), amino acids with acid side chains (such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid), chain amino acids apolar side effects (such as alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine and tryptophan).
- amino acid substitutions to uncharged side chains such as asparagine, glutamine, serine, cysteine, and tyrosine
- amino acids with basic side chains such as lysine, arginine, and histidine
- amino acids with acid side chains such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid
- chain amino acids apolar side effects such as alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline,
- sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 correspond to the amino acid sequences of cysteine endoproteases EP-A barley.
- EP-A barley The cysteine endoprotease EP-A barley is described in Koehler and Ho (1988) Plant Physiol. 87: 95-103.
- EP-A has an apparent molecular weight of 37 kDa, and has optimum activity at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 45 ° C. It is induced by gibberellic acid. Its cleavage site on recombinant type C hordeins has been characterized in Davy et al. (1998) Plant Physiol. 117: 255-261: EP-A cuts the hordeins after the amino acids arginine and glutamine, with a preference for arginine.
- REESHTDEL (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- Different domains have been identified in the protein sequences of EP-A.
- amino acids 1 to 23 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2 correspond to the signal peptide and amino acids 128 to 365 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2 correspond to the mature chain (sequences SEQ ID NO: 5 and 6).
- the catalytic site of EP-A has not been characterized.
- the catalytic site can however be deduced by homology with EP-B as containing the following amino acids: cysteine 29, histidine 164, serine 28, glycine 71, aspartate 163, asparagine 185, glutamine 23 numbered on the basis of the sequence of mature proteins SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 6.
- sequences SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4 correspond to the amino acid sequences of barley EP-B cysteine endoproteases.
- EP-B barley The cysteine endoprotease EP-B barley is described in Koehler and Ho (1990) Plant Physiol. 94: 251-258.
- EP-B has an apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa (Davy et al (1998) Plant Physiol 117: 255-261), and exhibits optimum activity at a pH of 4.5 and a temperature of 40 ° C for model protein substrates (azocasein or hemoglobin). Under these optimal conditions, the hordeins are typically cleaved into multiple molecular weight fragments between 2000 and 25000 Daltons.
- EP-B is induced by gibberellic acid. Its cleavage site on recombinant type C hordeins has been characterized in Davy et al.
- EP-B cuts the hordeins after the amino acids arginine and glutamine, with a preference for arginine for primary cuts.
- the presence at the cleavage site of an amino acid such as phenylalanine, leucine or valine before arginine or glutamine promotes hydrolysis.
- EP-B retains good catalytic activity despite the presence of proline after these two arginine or glutamine residues. Secondary cleavage sites can be demonstrated when the hydrolysis of C-hordein by ⁇ - ⁇ is prolonged.
- the endoprotease may cleave after glutamine, arginine, tyrosine, glycine, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, leucine. It does not apparently cut in N- or C-terminal proline in the case of C-hordein (Davy et al., 1998) and can not be assimilated to an endoprolidase. Similar results have been obtained for the hydrolysis of ⁇ 2-gliadin by recombinant ⁇ - ⁇ and show a clear preference for C-terminal cleavages of glutamine (Bethune et al., 2006).
- cysteines endoproteases cereals are also very different from that of other cysteine endoproteases such as papain which is used to reduce the disorder of beer.
- Papain is in fact relatively non-specific (Kimmel and Smith (1954) J. Biol Chem 207: 515-531).
- Two variants of the barley EP-B cysteine endoprotease have been identified: they are sequence variants:
- amino acids 1 to 28 of SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4 correspond to the signal peptide
- amino acids 29 to 130 of SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4 correspond to the activation propeptide
- amino acids 131 to 371 of SEQ ID NO: 3 correspond to amino acids 131 to 373 of SEQ ID NO: 4 (sequence SEQ ID NO: 8) correspond to the mature chain.
- the catalytic site of EP-B has been further characterized.
- cysteine 158 cyste 28 for the mature protein of sequence SEQ ID NO: 7 or 8
- histidine 297 histidine 167 for the mature protein of sequence SEQ ID NO: 7 or 8) of SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4.
- aspartate 296 (aspartate 166 in the mature protein) is involved in the positioning of the substrate with respect to cysteine 158 (cysteine 28 in the mature protein) catalytic (Bethune et al., 2006).
- the cysteine endoprotease used in the context of the invention may have cysteine endoprotease A or cysteine endoprotease B activity.
- the cysteine endoprotease (s) used in the context of the invention is (i) a cysteine endoprotease A comprising, or consisting of, a sequence at least 55% identical, or at least 60 , 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 or 100% identical to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 and / or SEQ sequence ID NO: 2, and / or a fragment thereof having cysteine endoprotease A activity, and / or (ii) a cysteine endoprotease B comprising, or consisting of, a sequence at least 55% identical, or at least 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 or 100% identical to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 and / or the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4, and / or a fragment thereof exhibiting cysteine
- cysteine endoprotease (s) used in the context of the invention is (i) barley EP-A cysteine endoprotease comprising or consisting of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2, and / or (ii) the barley EP-B cysteine endoprotease comprising or consisting of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4.
- fragment of a reference sequence is meant here a sequence which has a size smaller than the reference sequence.
- the fragments may for example have a size of between 230 and 373 amino acids, from 235 to 371 amino acids, from 236 to 365 amino acids, from 237 to 350 amino acids, from 239 to 300 acids.
- the fragments contain the active site of the enzyme from which they are derived.
- the fragments used in the context of the invention may be obtained by enzymatic or non-enzymatic cleavage of the mature enzyme or proprotein from which they are derived, preserving or enhancing the specificity and endoprotease efficiency.
- fragments used in the context of the present invention exhibit endoprotease cysteine activity. Fragments of the protein sequences defined above having endoprotease cysteine activity can be identified by those skilled in the art by routine techniques. Indeed, as is well known to those skilled in the art, the cysteine endoprotease comprise a peptide signal and the endoprotease cysteine activity is therefore located at the level of the mature cysteine endoprotease chain.
- the cysteine endoprotease fragment used in the context of the invention comprises, or consists of, a sequence at least 55% identical, or at least 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 or 100% identical to the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7 and / or SEQ ID NO: 8, said fragment having endoprotease cysteine activity.
- the catalytic site of endoprotease cysteine is located in a pocket containing cysteine and a histidine involved in catalysis and different amino acids involved in the fixation and / or the recognition of the cleavage site as described above for EP-A.
- Fragments of the protein sequences defined above having endoprotease cysteine activity will thus preferably comprise, or preferably consist of, amino acid residues of the catalytic site of the cysteine endoproteases defined above.
- the cysteine endoprotease fragment used in the context of the invention comprises, or consists of, a fragment of the preprotein or mature protein or any functional protein fragment containing the amino acid residues. of the catalytic site described above.
- the techniques for measuring an endoprotease cysteine activity are indeed well known to those skilled in the art. Typically, they comprise colorimetric or fluorimetric techniques using di- or tripeptides with a chromophore or a fluorophore, techniques using cereal reserve proteins (prolamines) or fragments of these proteins coupled to an analysis of the peptides produced by spectrometry. mass.
- endoproteease cysteine activity can be measured using a fluorescent peptide such as N-CBZ (benzyloxycarbonyl) -Phe (phenylalanine) -Arg (arginine) -MAA (7-amido-4-methyl-coumarin) in a citrate buffer 50 mM (pH 4 containing 2 mM cysteine and 2 mM ⁇ -mercaptoethanol).
- N-CBZ-Phe-Arg-AMC is solubilized in DMSO at a concentration of 100 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ are added to a quartz cuvette containing 2 ml of the citrate buffer.
- the at least one cysteine endoprotease used in the context of the invention may be used in isolated or purified form.
- isolated or “purified” is meant here a cysteine endoprotease taken from its natural environment.
- cysteine endoprotease produced recombinantly in host cells is considered isolated in the context of the invention, as is a recombinant or native polypeptide that has been substantially purified by any suitable technique.
- the at least one cysteine endoprotease used in the context of the invention may be in isolated form. It can however be mixed in vehicles or thinners that will not interfere with the desired effect of this enzyme, and will then always be considered isolated.
- the at least one cysteine endoprotease used in the context of the invention may also be in a more substantially purified form, which will include the at least one cysteine endoprotease in a preparation in which more than 70%, or more than 80%, 90%, 95%, 98% or 99% of the proteins in the preparation is the at least one cysteine endoprotease.
- the cysteine endoprotease used in the context of the invention may be in the form of a crude or purified natural product, a product obtained by chemical synthesis, a product obtained by a recombinant technique from a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host, such as a bacterial, yeast, fungal, superior plant, insect or mammalian cell.
- a vector containing a nucleic acid encoding a cysteine endoprotease is preferably transferred into a host cell which is cultured under conditions permitting the expression of the corresponding protein.
- the enzyme produced can then be recovered and purified.
- the nucleic acid sequence of interest may be inserted into an expression vector, in which it is operably linked to one or more elements allowing its expression or the regulation of its expression, such as in particular promoters. , activators and / or transcription terminators.
- the signals controlling the expression of the nucleotide sequences are chosen as a function of the cellular host used.
- the nucleotide sequences encoding the protein of interest may be inserted into autonomously replicating vectors within the chosen host, or integrative vectors of the chosen host.
- vectors will be prepared according to methods commonly used by those skilled in the art, and the resulting clones can be introduced into a suitable host by standard methods, such as for example electroporation or calcium phosphate precipitation.
- host cells include, in particular, human cells such as HEK293, PER.C6, non-human mammalian cells such as CHO, COS, MDCK, insect cells such as SF9 cells, bacteria such as E. coli , fungus and / or yeast strains such as L40 and Y90.
- the at least one cysteine endoprotease used in the context of the invention can be obtained from plant extracts in which it is naturally produced.
- the at least one cysteine endoprotease used in the context of the invention can thus be obtained from protoplasts of aleuronic cells or from a cell culture of the aleurone layer.
- the techniques for culturing the protoplasts of the aleuronic cells or of the aleurone layer are well known to those skilled in the art and described, for example, in Chrispeels & Varner (1967) Plant Physiol 42: 398-406 and Taiz & Jones (1971) Planta 101: 95-100.
- the cysteine endoproteases being induced by gibberellic acid in a particular embodiment, the cells of the aleurone layer are cultured in the presence of gibberellic acid, preferably at a concentration of approximately 1 ⁇ l.
- the at least one cysteine endoprotease used in the context of the invention can also be obtained from sprouted cereal grains, in particular from cereal malt, such as described in the "Malt Extract” section below.
- a cysteine endoprotease used in the context of the invention can be obtained from recombinant cell cultures, from plant cell cultures or from plants or parts of plants, in particular from lysates and cell extracts. of plants or parts of plants, or of the supernatant of the culture medium, by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, used individually or in combination, such as precipitation with ammonium sulphate or with ethanol, acid extraction, chromatographic methods, immunoaffinity techniques using specific mono- or polyclonal antibodies, etc.
- the at least one cysteine endoprotease is used in the form of a malt extract as defined in the section "malt extract below.
- malt is meant here a sprouted cereal obtained by a malting process.
- the malt can be obtained by any malting technique well known to those skilled in the art. Malting typically takes place in 4 stages, including soaking, which moistens the grain, germination in which the seed starts to germinate and gives rise to the "green malt", the kiln, in which the green malt is dried to obtain a dry malt, and the degerming in which the malt is rid of its rootlets.
- the malt used in the context of the invention is a dry malt.
- the malt used in the context of the invention is a dry malt obtained after 5 to 1 day of germination.
- the malt used in the context of the invention is preferably a cereal malt, in particular a malt of barley, rye or wheat, more particularly preferably a malt of barley, more particularly a malt of barley. winter or spring barley malt.
- the malt used in the context of the invention may be a diastase malt or non-diastase malt.
- malt extract is meant here a preparation obtained following the extraction of a malt with a suitable solvent such as, for example, water, aqueous buffers, ethanol, a mixture of those or oils or other suitable aqueous buffers well known in the field of plant extractions.
- a suitable solvent such as, for example, water, aqueous buffers, ethanol, a mixture of those or oils or other suitable aqueous buffers well known in the field of plant extractions.
- the malt extract used in the context of the invention may in particular be a malt extract, preferably dry malt, optionally concentrated.
- the malt extract used in the context of the invention may be in freeze-dried form and optionally resuspended before use.
- the malt extract used in the context of the invention comprises an endoprotease activity.
- endoprotease activity is meant herein a protease enzyme activity capable of cleaving a protein or peptide within the peptide chain. Techniques for demonstrating endoprotease activity are well known to those skilled in the art and described in the "Cysteine endoprotease” section above.
- the malt extract comprising an endoprotease activity used in the context of the invention causes a decrease in the turbidity of a fermented or non-fermented beverage based on cereals, as defined in the section "Beverage-based". of cereals "above, in relation to an untreated beverage, not less than 70%, more preferably not less than 75%, not less than 80%, not less than 85%, not less than 90%, or more preferably at least 95%, particularly when the turbidity is measured at -8 ° C, more particularly by means of the Chapon test as described in the section "Reduction of haze" above.
- the malt extract comprising an endoprotease activity used in the context of the invention causes a decrease in the turbidity of a fermented or non-fermented beverage based on cereals, as defined in the section "Beverage-based".
- at least 65 EBC units more preferably at least 70 EBC units, at least 75 EBC units, at least minus 80 EBC units, at least 85 EBC units, at least 90 EBC units, at least 95 EBC units, or at least 100 EBC units, particularly when turbidity is measured at -8 ° C, more particularly by means of the Chapon test as described in the section "Reduction of the disorder" above.
- a malt extract having such characteristics may typically be a crude malt extract obtained by recovering the malt centrifugation supernatant, as defined above, milled suspended in an aqueous solution.
- a malt extract having such characteristics is a treated malt extract obtained by recovery and centrifugation filtration of a crude malt extract as defined above, treated by differential precipitation with ammonium sulphate, in particular treated between 15% and 20%, preferably 26%, ammonium sulfate saturation, then optionally at least 50%, preferably 89%, saturation with ammonium sulfate, or by any percentage saturation with ammonium sulfate well known to those skilled in the art.
- a malt extract obtained by one of these techniques makes it possible to reduce the turbidity of a drink, fermented or not, based on cereals, in a proportion according to the one mentioned above.
- the malt extract used in the context of the invention may however be obtained by any technique comprising additional extraction and / or purification steps well known to those skilled in the art, such as chromatographic exchange chromatography techniques. ions, size exclusion chromatography or hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
- a malt extract obtained by one of these techniques included an endoprotease cysteine activity.
- the malt extract used in the context of the invention therefore comprises an endoprotease cysteine activity, as defined in the "Cysteine endoprotease” section above. More preferably, the malt extract used in the context of the invention comprises cysteine endoprotease A and / or cysteine endoprotease B activity, as defined in the "Cysteine endoprotease” section above.
- the inventors have also shown that a malt extract obtained by one of these techniques makes it possible to increase the fermentation yield during the manufacture of fermented cereal-based beverages.
- the present invention also relates to a method for preventing or reducing the disturbance of a beverage, whether fermented or not, based on cereals, such as defined in the section "Cereal-based beverage above", comprising a step of adding (i) at least one cysteine endoprotease as defined in the "Cysteine endoprotease” section above or (ii) a malt extract as defined in the "Malf Extract” section above, during the process of making the beverage.
- the present invention also relates to the use of (i) at least one cysteine endoprotease as defined in the "Cysteine endoprotease” section above or (ii) a malt extract as defined in the section “Extract of malt “above, in the preparation of a cereal-based fermented or non-fermented beverage as defined in the" Cereal Based Beverage "section above.
- the subject of the present invention is also a process for the manufacture of a cereal-based fermented or non-fermented beverage, as defined in the section "Cereal-based beverage” above, comprising a step of adding (i ) at least one cysteine endoprotease as defined in the section "Cysteine endoprotease” above or (ii) a malt extract as defined in the section "Malf extract above, especially in the juice or the must.
- steps of a fermented or non fermented cereal-based process are well known to those skilled in the art and may vary depending on the beverage produced, particularly depending on whether the beverage is a fermented beverage or no.
- the step of adding may be implemented at any stage of the beverage manufacturing process which is not not followed by a step likely to destroy endoprotease activity.
- Such steps likely to destroy the endoprotease activity are well known to those skilled in the art, and include, for example, treatment steps at elevated temperatures, particularly at temperatures above 62 ° C, in particular above 65 ° C. C, or 68 ° C, such as saccharification or boiling steps.
- the adding step is carried out after the step of saccharification and / or boiling of the process for manufacturing the beverage.
- said at least one cysteine endoprotease or said malt extract is added during the fermentation step.
- fermentation of the beverage manufacturing process preferably at the beginning of the fermentation step of the beverage manufacturing process.
- several types of fermentations can be used to produce a fermented cereal beverage, especially a beer.
- said at least one cysteine endoprotease or said malt extract may be added during a low fermentation step, during a high fermentation step or during a spontaneous fermentation step.
- the beverage being manufactured is thus contacted with said at least one cysteine endoprotease or malt extract for a period of time appropriate to allow the enzymes to degrade the proteins responsible for the disorder.
- a duration will depend on the incubation conditions of cysteine endoprotease or malt extract with the beverage being manufactured, particularly temperature and pH conditions.
- the inventors have shown that the usual duration of the fermentation step during the process of manufacturing a beer, whether it is a low or high fermentation, was particularly suitable for obtaining a prevention or a reduction of the disorder. beer as defined in the section "Decrease in Disturbance" above.
- the drink during manufacture is brought into contact with said at least one cysteine endoprotease or said malt extract for 8 to 12 days, preferably for 10 days, at a temperature of between 10 and 12 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 12 ° C, preferably at a starting pH of 5.3-5.4, the final pH being up to 4.2-4.3 because of the natural evolution of pH during fermentation.
- the drink during manufacture is brought into contact with said at least one cysteine endoprotease or said malt extract for 4 to 8 days, preferably for 6 days, at a temperature of between 20 and 25 hours. ° C, preferably at a starting pH of 5.3-5.4.
- the process for producing beer according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- step b) a step of crushing or grinding the malt obtained in step a),
- step b) a step of mixing the crushed malt in step b) with water preferably tempered to form a mash
- step c) a saccharification step of the mash obtained in step c) to form a must, preferably by decoction, step infusion or simple infusion, e) a filtration step to obtain the original must,
- step g) a step of cooling, seeding and oxygenation of the must, i) a fermentation step, in particular a low, high or spontaneous fermentation step, in the presence of yeasts, during which, preferably at the beginning of which, said at least one cysteine endoprotease or said malt extract is added, j) a step of keeping the fermented product obtained in step g),
- Steps a) to h) and j) to I) can be carried out conventionally under conditions well known to those skilled in the art.
- the must is preferably brought into contact with said at least one cysteine endoprotease or said malt extract for 8 to 12 days, preferably for 10 days, at a temperature of between 8 and 14 hours.
- C. preferably at a temperature of 12 ° C., preferably at a starting pH of 5.3-5.4, or for 4 to 8 days, preferably for 6 days, at a temperature of between 15 and 20 ° C. ° C, preferably at a starting pH of 5.3-5.4.
- the methods of the invention may further comprise a step of adding an auxiliary enzyme to reduce or prevent the formation of a disorder.
- auxiliary enzymes to reduce or prevent the formation of a disorder are well known to those skilled in the art, and include, for example, Clarex Brewers ® marketed by DSM, or papain.
- the beverages obtained by the processes according to the invention differ from the drinks obtained by the manufacturing processes of the state of the art insofar as they contain the cysteine endoprotease or the malt extract introduced during the processes according to the invention. whether the enzymes are inactivated or not, and said cysteine endoprotease or malt extract modifies the peptide and protein composition of the product obtained, allowing the prevention or reduction of the formation of the disorder, usually due to the presence of residual proteins.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a cereal-based beverage, in particular fermented or not, as defined in the section "Cereal-based beverage” above, preferably beer, obtainable by the processes according to the invention.
- a cereal-based beverage in particular fermented or not, as defined in the section "Cereal-based beverage” above, preferably beer, obtainable by the processes according to the invention.
- the present invention will be further illustrated by the figures and examples below.
- Figure 1 Summary diagram of the protocol for obtaining barley malt extracts implemented in Example 3.
- Figure 2 Effect on the colloidal disorder of beer (Chapon test) extracts and fractions obtained in Example 3.
- G unconfined (NR) on a cation exchange column (SP); H: before DEAE column (NR SP dia pH 7.5); I: NR DEAE 42-82; J: NR DEAE 83-95; K: NR DEAE 96-150: L:
- Figure 3 Chromatogram of the hydrolysis of gliadins with DTT by the enzymes of barley malt and Brewers Clarex® in HPLC on Luna C18 described in Example 3.
- Figure 4 Zoom of a chromatogram of the hydrolysis of ⁇ -lactoglobulins with DTT by the enzymes of barley malt and the Clarex® Brewers in HPLC on Luna C18 described in Example 3.
- FIG. 5 Kinetics over 6 h of the hydrolysis of the Z-Gly-Pro-pNA peptide by the enzymes of barley malt and the Clarex® Brewers at pH 4 described in Example 3.
- Figure 6 Kinetics over 6 h of the hydrolysis of Z-Gly-Pro-pNA peptide by the enzymes of barley malt and Brewers Clarex® at pH 5 described in Example 3.
- Figure 7 6-hr kinetics of the hydrolysis of Z-Phe-Arg-pNA peptide by the barley malt enzymes and the Clarex® Brewers at pH 4 described in Example 3.
- Figure 8 Kinetics over 6 h hydrolysis of the Z-Phe-Arg-pNA peptide by the barley malt enzymes and the Clarex® Brewers at pH 5 described in Example 3.
- Figure 9 Effect on the colloidal disorder of the beer (Chapon test) of the different extracts tested in Example 1.
- Figure 10 Effect on the colloidal disorder of the beer (Chapon test) of the different extracts tested in Example 2.
- Figure 11 Chromatogram of the hydrolysis of gliadins by barley malt enzymes and crude malt extract by HPLC on Luna C18 described in Example 4. The absorbance is measured at 214 nm.
- Figure 12 Effect on the fermentation of the malt extract described in Example 5.
- This example shows that a malt extract obtained from different types of barley can be used to clarify the beer.
- 50 g of finished malt of different types of barley were extracted into 200 ml of 0.1 M citrate buffer pH 4.3 stored in the refrigerator at 4 ° C. They were mixed in a blender for 40 seconds at maximum speed, then centrifuged at 3660 rpm for 10 min at 14 ° C. The supernatant was recovered and filtered with filter paper to remove suspended particles.
- the beer used in this example is 33 cL Fink'bré beer in a can held at room temperature (21 ° C), filtered on filter paper, and degassed for 20 minutes in an ultrasonic bath.
- T + Positive Control
- the negative control (T-) corresponds to 4 mL of 0.1 M citrate buffer pH 4.3 + qs 50 mL of unstabilized beer.
- the tested samples consist of 4 mL of extract + unstabilized beer qs
- the mixtures were incubated for 17 h in a water bath at 37 ° C.
- the mixture was incubated for 30 min at -8 ° C in a cryostat bath.
- Turbidity was measured at the turbidimeter at -8 ° C.
- Example 2 Decrease in Beer Disturbance with Wheat Malt This example shows that a wheat malt extract can be used to clarify the beer.
- the beer used in this example is 33 cL Fink'bré beer in a can held at room temperature (21 ° C), filtered on filter paper, and degassed for 20 minutes in an ultrasonic bath.
- T + Positive Control
- the negative control (T-) corresponds to 4 mL of 0.1 M citrate buffer pH 4.3 + qs 50 mL of unstabilized beer.
- barley malt and wheat malt extracts including barley malt and wheat malt extracts: Barley malt Chile 22304 B2BR, Barley malt Arturio 23175 B1 CA, Diastasic barley malt Arturio 231 12 B2BR, Apache Wheat Malt 23086 (Arcis on Aube) and Bagu Wheat Malt (Arcis sur Aube).
- the tested samples consist of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 mL of unstabilized extract + beer qs 50 mL.
- the mixtures were incubated for 17 h in a water bath at 37 ° C.
- Controls and samples were incubated at 37 ° C for a minimum of 5h.
- Turbidity was measured at the turbidimeter at -8 ° C.
- This example shows the effect of malt extracts on the beer disorder and the involvement of cysteine barley endoproteases in this effect.
- the malt used for the different experiments comes from barley seeds of the variety Beatrix (Hordeum vulgare) malted by Soufflet malting (Nogent sur Seine / Aube) but the enzymes are present in all the varieties of barley they are winter (two or six rows) or spring.
- the malt was milled in a vibrating feeder L 24 from Fritsch (Germany).
- the colorimetric protein assay was performed with the BC Assay kit from Uptima Interchim.
- Ion exchange chromatography was performed on Akta Explorer 100 and Akta Prime FPLCs (GE Healthcare, USA) with 26/10 XK columns and 50 ml Sepharose SP Fast Flow (FF) and Sepharose DEAE FF gels (GE Healthcare). , USA). Separation is also feasible on other types of cation exchange columns and anions.
- the HPLC analyzes were performed on a Alliance HT Waters 2795 separation module / Waters 2487 Dual ⁇ absorbance detector, and the column used was a Luna 5 ⁇ (C18) 100A (250 x 4.60 mm) (Phenomenex). The detection of the proteins was carried out by spectroscopy at 2 wavelengths: 214 and 280 nm.
- the centrifuge is a Beckman Avanti (USA) J26 XP (rotor: FiberLite® F10BCI - 6x500y)
- the turbidity was measured on a Pfeuffer tannometer (Germany) after passing through a Hubert Variostat CC immersion temperature cryothermostat.
- the unstabilized control beer is a Finkbruu (Lidl) and the positive control is Brewers Clarex® (DSM, The Netherlands).
- the gliadins (total) as well as the ⁇ -lactoglobulins used for the hydrolysis tests were provided and purified by the Swiss INRA (BIA Angers-Nantes / Loire Atlantique unit).
- the peptide Z-GP-pNA and the peptide Z-FR-pNA come from Bachem (Switzerland).
- the reading of the OD was done by an Epoch plate reader (Biotek, USA).
- the dialysis membranes were visking membranes (Medicell Int.) With cut-off 12-14000 Da. Buffer preparation
- citrate buffers used they were also prepared with the indicated molarity solutions and adjusted to the desired pH by adding sodium citrate.
- the 50 mM Tris / HCl pH 7.5 buffer was prepared with 50 mM Tris and adjusted to pH 7.5 by the addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
- the malt grains were ground under liquid nitrogen at 0.5 mm.
- 48 g of MSi (initial dry matter) of flour were suspended in 200 ml of 0.1 M citrate buffer pH 4.3 with magnetic stirring at 7 ° C. for 30 minutes. After centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes at 7 ° C, the supernatant was collected and filtered on filter paper. It is called "raw extract” (EB).
- This EB was treated at 26% saturation with ammonium sulphate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) (SA) ie 15% w / v with magnetic stirring at 7 ° C for 30 minutes. This was followed by a second centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes at 7 ° C.
- C65% SA dia pH 5 65% pellet of dialysed ammonium sulfate pH 5
- AC Before Column
- Superose column 12 - 1 5 mL (ie 1.75 mg of proteins) of the SP / DEAE fraction containing ⁇ - ⁇ were deposited on the Sephadex S200 column. The fraction was previously concentrated on Amicon Ultra 10KDa 0.5mL cell (Millipore, Ireland). The flow rate was 0.8 mL / min and the buffer used was 50 mM citrate buffer pH 4.5. The fractions collected were 2 mL.
- Coomassie G250 In the wells, 5 ⁇ l of known molecular weight standards and 20 ⁇ l of sample were deposited, before the samples were prepared as follows: 40 ⁇ l of sample + 20 ⁇ ⁇ - from denaturation solution (50 mM Tris pH 6.8, 20% glycerol, 4% SDS, 0.01% bromophenol blue) + 3 ⁇ l of ⁇ -mercaptoethanol.
- SDS-Tricine PAGE The SDS-tricine PAGE were made according to the protocol of Schagger and von Jagow (1987) Anal. Biochem. 166: 368-379, on 10% acrylamide gels for separation before band analysis by mass spectrometry or at 16% for the hydrolysis of hordeins. The gels were stained with Coomassie blue G250.
- the lyophilizate was resuspended in 50% propanol (15 ml / g) at 60 ° C with magnetic stirring for 45 min and then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes at 12 ° C.
- the supernatant referred to as "propanol supernatant" was stored at 4 ° C and the pellet was again extracted with 50% propanol.
- the pellet was then suspended in 50% propanol (15 ml / g) + 2% ⁇ -mercaptoethanol ( ⁇ ) at 60 ° C. with magnetic stirring for 45 minutes. It was then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes at 12 ° C. The supernatant named "Propanol / ⁇ -mercaptoethanol supernatant" was stored at 4 ° C. The pellet suffered this step twice more.
- the propanol and propanol / ⁇ supernatants were dialyzed separately against 20 L of distilled water (3 baths of 2 h and overnight) and then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes at 12 ° C.
- the pellets and the supernatants were frozen at -20 ° C. and then lyophilized.
- the lyophilizates were then ground to a fine powder and stored at -20 ° C.
- Hordéines Propanol HP
- Hordéines Propanol / ⁇ -mercapto-ethanol ⁇ were obtained (Koehler and Ho (1990) Plant Physiol 94251-258, Wrobel (1992) J. Inst Brew, 98: 471-478, Zhang and Jones (1996) Planta 199: 565-572).
- HP HP delipidated before analysis.
- the HP were delipidated according to the following protocol: in a 15 mL glass tube, 0.302 g of HP were weighed and suspended in 10 mL of dichloromethane + 5 mL of acetone. After vortexing for 20 minutes and centrifugation at 4 ° C for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm, the supernatant was removed and the pellet was treated a second time and then dried under vacuum and stored at -20 ° C. The extract obtained is called HPdl.
- the Luna C18 column (Phenomenex) was equilibrated with the eluent A (H 2 0 milliQ + tri-fluoroacetic acid (TFA) 0.1 1%) and the elution was carried out by a linear gradient from 0 to 50%.
- eluent B acetonitrile + TFA 0.09%
- the volume after dialysis was again divided in two.
- the first portion was stored at -20 ° C pending Chapon test analysis and the second portion was lyophilized.
- the lyophilizate was suspended in a volume of distilled water equal to the initial volume set to the lyophilizer and analyzed by the Chapon test.
- the Chapon Test allows by measuring the decrease of the disorder to select the active fractions during the purification.
- the inventors showed that the activity was retained in the dialyzed SN15% SA and then in the dialysed C65% SA (FIG. 2).
- the dialysis C15% SA and the dialyzed SN65% SA show no activity.
- a Chapon test performed by adding equivalent amounts of protein (1 mg) shows a strong increase in activity in C65% SA dia (108 EBC for ⁇ 50.2 EBC for C65% SA dia).
- the ammonium sulfate treatment allows a first concentration and purification of the enzymes of interest.
- fraction 31 was composed of several protein bands of which a main group around 35 kDa, a band around 60 kDa and a thinner band around 30 kDa.
- Fraction 46 contained 2 strips of PM at around 60 and 35 kDa.
- the zymogram confirmed the presence in fractions 31 and 46/47 of enzymes capable of hydrolyzing proteins rich in pralines (gliadins). The enzymes in these 2 fractions had different mobilities indicating that they were different.
- the inventors After separation of the enzymes of interest from barley malt by ion exchange chromatography, the inventors used the exclusion-diffusion chromatography (gel filtration) in order to refine the purity of the fractions having the enzymatic activity.
- the separation of the fraction 31 on the Sephadex S200 column showed a main peak preceded by two shoulders. Chapon and zymogram analysis revealed that the enzyme was present in the C4 fraction corresponding to the main peak.
- SDS electrophoresis the inventors found that this fraction consisted of several protein bands around 35 kDa.
- the inventors observed that the enzymatic activity was preserved after lyophilization.
- the inventors have shown that two enzymatic fractions isolated from barley malt were able to reduce the colloidal disorder of beer and to hydrolyze the prolamines of cereals (hordeins and gliadins). These two enzymatic fractions are enriched, respectively, in two proteases EP-B and EP-A, cysteine proteinases of barley. These two enzymes are very close in terms of their amino acid sequences (primary structure) and their sequences have no identity with that of Brewers Clarex® enzyme.
- the gliadins are solubilized at 4 mg / ml in 50mM acetic acid and then diluted to 1 mg / ml with 50mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 5 and mixed with various extracts.
- the mixture of gliadins and acetate buffer represents the control noted T
- the mixture gliadins and crude extract obtained as described in Example 3 is noted EB
- the mixture of gliadins and EP-A obtained as described in Example 3 is noted EP-A
- the mixture of gliadins and EP-B obtained as described in Example 3 is noted EP-B.
- the mixtures are incubated overnight at 37 ° C. with stirring.
- the amounts of added enzymes were calculated to obtain a substrate enzyme ratio of 4%.
- the samples are incubated for 18 hours at 37 ° C. before being analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- Inverted phase column Luna, C 18 , 100A, 5 ⁇ , 250X4,6 mm (Phenomenex)
- the measurement at 280 nm makes it possible to specifically detect proteins containing aromatic amino acids such as tryptophan.
- the signal although less specific, is about 10 times larger than at 280 nm.
- Elution was performed by a linear gradient of 10 to 60% of eluent B in 20 min.
- Injection volume 40 ⁇ L.
- the absorbance is recorded at 214 and 280 nm using a Waters 2487 detector. Results
- the hydrolysis tests are carried out on total gliadins.
- the 2 main peaks corresponding to gliadins show that the gliadins are partially hydrolysed by the crude extract (EB) and the 2 enzymes.
- the peaks appearing on the chromatograms after hydrolysis by EP-B and EP-A are different, indicating different cleavage sites (FIG. 11).
- Hydrolysis by EP-B is more marked than by EP-A, suggesting that smaller peptide chains are released, while EP-A allows more specific hydrolysis, marked by a stronger peak.
- This example shows the effect of increasing the fermentation yield of the malt extract according to the invention.
- 2RP Pilsen malt was stored at 4 ° C, then milled on a ZM 200 mill with a 0.5mm grid.
- the supernatant is heated without stirring until the appearance of the first broths, then the supernatant is centrifuged for 25 min at 8400 rpm at a temperature of 4 ° C and filtered coarsely.
- the precipitation by addition of ammonium sulfate is carried out under the same conditions as the extraction, with stirring at 250 rpm and at 7 ° C.
- the mixture is centrifuged for 25 min at 8400 rpm and 4 ° C.
- the supernatant is recovered and its volume is measured.
- the pellet is recovered in 600 ml of citrate buffer and then coarsely filtered before filtration on a 0.45 ⁇ m filter.
- the product obtained is stored at 4 ° C. while waiting for the desalting.
- the desalting is carried out on a Sephadex G25 gel packed in a column
- AxiChrom 70 (GE Healthcare).
- the device used is ⁇ Prime Plus (GE Healthcare).
- the desalting is carried out at room temperature and the sample is injected with a flow rate of 40 ml / min. Elution is carried out with the 0.1 M citrate buffer pH 4.3. Ion exchange chromatography
- the gel used is the Sepharose Fast Flow gel, equilibrated with 50 mM citrate buffer pH5, the chromatography is carried out at room temperature. The cysteine endoprotease is in the eluted fraction. Fermentation tests
- a must at 1 ° Plato is produced by stirring type "EBC congress” heating at 45 ° C for 30 minutes, followed by a rise in temperature at 70 ° C for 60 minutes, then 210 g of malt are paid for 1260 mL of water.
- the modalities tested correspond respectively to:
- T- is a crude barley malt extract denatured by heat
- S15 is a malt extract treated with a 15% ammonium sulfate solution
- S65 is a crude extract treated with a 15% ammonium sulfate solution, and then the supernatant is treated with a 50% ammonium sulfate solution
- - 65CH is the modality S65, purified on column SP.
- the numbers 1, 2 and 3 correspond to 3 volumes of different additions tested: the volumes 1 go from 15 to 30 ml, the volumes 2 are 22.5 and 30 ml, the volume 3 corresponds to 30 or 37.5 ml. .
- the yeast is purged, then the must is put in cold storage (about 2 ° C, minimum 5 days).
- the fermented musts are centrifuged (Centrifugation at 4000 rpm, for 10 minutes) and the supernatant is analyzed.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1553869A FR3035664B1 (fr) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-04-29 | Utilisation de cysteine endoprotease pour diminuer le trouble de boissons |
| PCT/EP2016/059691 WO2016174244A1 (fr) | 2015-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | Utilisation de cysteine endoprotéase pour diminuer le trouble de boissons |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3288396A1 true EP3288396A1 (fr) | 2018-03-07 |
| EP3288396B1 EP3288396B1 (fr) | 2019-10-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16724303.9A Active EP3288396B1 (fr) | 2015-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | Utilisation de cysteine endoprotéase pour diminuer le trouble de boissons |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11319516B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3288396B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2018518984A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3035664B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016174244A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20250019626A1 (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2025-01-16 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Improved beverage production process |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4246274A (en) | 1978-05-10 | 1981-01-20 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Antimycotic hydroxypropyl-imidazoles |
| DE2820361A1 (de) | 1978-05-10 | 1979-11-15 | Bayer Ag | Substituierte alkanyl-azolyl-oximcarbamate, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung als insektizide, akarizide und nematozide |
| CA2706364A1 (fr) | 2000-12-07 | 2002-06-13 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Procede empechant ou reduisant le trouble dans des boissons |
| US8257760B2 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2012-09-04 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Method for the prevention or reduction of haze in beverages |
| HUE044812T2 (hu) * | 2003-09-23 | 2019-11-28 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | Prolinspecifikus endoproteázok alkalmazása peptidek és fehérjék hidrolízisére |
| WO2008115411A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-09-25 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Thérapie enzymatique de combinaison pour la digestion de gluten diététique |
| EP2847316A1 (fr) * | 2012-05-11 | 2015-03-18 | Novozymes A/S | Procédé de brassage |
| EA027567B9 (ru) * | 2012-12-11 | 2017-10-31 | ДСМ АйПи АССЕТС Б.В. | Способ приготовления стабильного при хранении напитка |
| WO2014191298A1 (fr) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-04 | Novozymes A/S | Polypeptides ayant une activité protéase pour améliorer la stabilité colloïdale |
-
2015
- 2015-04-29 FR FR1553869A patent/FR3035664B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-04-29 WO PCT/EP2016/059691 patent/WO2016174244A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-04-29 JP JP2018507777A patent/JP2018518984A/ja active Pending
- 2016-04-29 US US15/570,074 patent/US11319516B2/en active Active
- 2016-04-29 EP EP16724303.9A patent/EP3288396B1/fr active Active
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| US20180112158A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
| FR3035664A1 (fr) | 2016-11-04 |
| WO2016174244A1 (fr) | 2016-11-03 |
| US11319516B2 (en) | 2022-05-03 |
| FR3035664B1 (fr) | 2020-02-21 |
| EP3288396B1 (fr) | 2019-10-02 |
| JP2018518984A (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
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