EP3272957B1 - Structural element for heat insulation - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a structural element for thermal insulation according to the preamble of patent claim 1 or 7.

In the prior art, various embodiments of components for thermal insulation are known, which mainly serve to overhang buildings overhanging building parts such as balcony slabs through a thermally insulated component joint. The integrated reinforcement elements provide the necessary force or torque transmission, while the insulating body is responsible for complaining to one another of the two components while leaving a joint thermally insulated from one another.

As a rule, tensile reinforcement elements are provided in the relevant prior art, which are usually made of a rod material made of metal, which consists in particular in the region of the insulating body made of stainless steel and in the area outside of the insulator made of reinforcing steel. Stainless steel is used in the region of the insulating body or the component joint on the one hand because of its corrosion resistance and on the other hand because of its poor thermal conductivity and is therefore preferable to the reinforcing steel material in the region of the insulator. The reinforcing steel material, however, is usually used in the area outside of the insulator, where it depends on the corrosion resistance and the thermal insulation properties, since the reinforcing steel extends completely in the area of one of the two components.

More recently, efforts have been made to further optimize the thermal insulation components, attempting to manufacture the plastic material tensile reinforcement elements, which until then have been almost entirely made of metal, because it is significantly less expensive than stainless steel and also has a poorer thermal conductivity than stainless steel. An example of such a device for thermal insulation with tensile reinforcement elements made of plastic material is the DE-U 20 2012 101 574 refer to. The tensile reinforcement elements referred to in this document as Zugentlastungsstangen are made of fiberglass reinforced plastic, wherein two mutually adjacent rods may each be connected to each other via a transverse plate at their ends in order to achieve a higher and more stable Zugkraftübernahme. This cumbersome and installation problems in the connection of the component reinforcement causing anchoring two Zugentlastungsstangen means of a transverse plate can be easily seen that plastic tensile reinforcement elements are especially poorly anchored in the adjacent components, if they are smooth-walled as in the described prior art and therefore a End anchorage in the form of a transverse plate need.

An alternative solution for the use of tensile reinforcement elements of fiberglass or carbon fiber reinforced plastic material can be the WO-A 2012/071596 remove, in which the Zugbewehrungselemente consist of closed loops that form a positive connection with the adjacent component due to their loop shape and thus provide the required anchorage. Loop-shaped tensile reinforcement elements have been repeatedly proposed in the prior art; however, they presented significant drawbacks because of their short embedment in the adjacent member and their consequent inferior ability to transfer greater tensile forces, the loop form itself regularly causing collision with the connecting armor and thus, similar to the transverse panels previously described, for installation problems.

These components for thermal insulation with tensile reinforcement elements made of plastic material could not prevail so far, since their anchoring in the adjacent components led to previously unresolved problems: For either the Zugbewehrungselemente must by special geometries (eg loop shape, cross plates and the like) a strong positive connection with the enter adjacent component, which in turn provides for installation problems due to the arranged in this area connection reinforcement; or you have to try to provide existing made of fiber reinforced plastic tensile reinforcement elements of tube or rod material with provided on its outside profiling or ribbing, however the anchoring of these ribbed plastic tensile reinforcement elements in the adjacent component suffers that the fiber-reinforced plastic on the one hand and the concrete material of the adjacent component on the other hand usually have so much different Temperaturdehnzahlen that inevitably different temperature-related relative movements arise that cause stresses or strains in the mutual investment area , This leads to destruction by shearing either the ribs or the so-called concrete brackets between the ribs. It follows that the tensile reinforcement elements usually can no longer fulfill their function.

Another disadvantage of the tensile reinforcement elements made of plastic material is the lack of subsequent flexibility compared to steel, which makes it necessary that the desired shape and length of the tensile reinforcement elements is already taken into account in the rod manufacturing. As a result, the number of to be held in stock tensile reinforcement elements increases considerably due to correspondingly high number of variants, which means significant disadvantages logistically.

In the WO 2005 035 892 A1 are fiber reinforced plastic rods used with an external thread, which are screwed as well as the rebar in threaded sleeves. From this document, the features of the preamble of claims 1 and 7 are known. The EP 2 000 605 A2 It is an object to avoid welding of reinforcing bars and proposes for this purpose a made of polymeric fiber or resin material connector for connection to the reinforcing bars. In the DE 199 47 912 A1 a fastening element formed from a glass fiber reinforced plastic tube is fastened to reinforcing bars with commercially available fittings.

Based on this prior art, it is the object of the present invention, a device for thermal insulation with the features of the preamble of claim 1 or 7 further in that it avoids the disadvantages of Zugbewehrungselementen of plastic material described and in particular an improved anchoring of the tensile reinforcement elements in the adjacent concrete components allows.

This object is achieved by a component of the thermal insulation with the features of claim 1 or 7.

Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims, the wording of which is hereby incorporated by express reference into the description in order to avoid unnecessary text repetitions.

According to the invention, the tensile reinforcement elements are designed as multi-part composite elements in that, at least in the area of the insulating body, they have a middle section which projects beyond the insulating body and at least partially consists of fiber-reinforced plastic material the tensile reinforcement elements in a region outside the insulating body have at least one anchoring section with geometric and / or material properties differing at least partially from the central section, which is connected to the central section in a connection region, wherein the connection region is arranged at a distance from the insulating body such that the central section consists of a particularly cylindrical Rod and / or tube material is formed and formed on its radial outer side, at least in the region between insulator and terminal region is substantially smooth-walled.

This combination of materials is based on the finding that you do not have to forego the particular advantages of the plastic material in the region of the insulating, just because in the area of the adjacent component, the plastic material because of the anchoring problem, if necessary, replace with other materials or geometries, especially ribbed steel would like to. The result is thus the said multi-part composite element with an unusual mix of materials, by at least in the region of the insulator made of a corrosion-resistant and very poor heat-conducting fiber-reinforced plastic material in the form of a cylindrical rod and / or tube material, by on its radial outer side at least in the range between Insulating body and connection area is formed substantially smooth-walled and by having an anchoring portion in a region outside the insulator in the adjacent component having other materials and / or geometries than the central portion and can be adapted to the installation conditions in the adjacent components, as in the case of conventional metal tensile bars the case is proven, but which usually have in the region of the insulator a middle section made of stainless steel.

Surprisingly, this composite element surpasses the previously known tensile reinforcement elements in every respect, but nevertheless makes it possible to select the materials used with regard to their individual advantages for the different requirements in the insulating body or in the adjacent components and to disregard disadvantageous materials or geometries. So you can use a middle section made of fiber-reinforced plastic in the region of the insulator, the cost and significantly poorer thermal conductivity than the hitherto used there stainless steel, while one is not subject to any special requirements in the field of adjacent concrete components and therefore can work with the cost-effective, easy to handle and subsequently bendable reinforcing bars, with simple and cost-effective with appropriate external profiling to an optimal Anchoring in the adjacent concrete components can be adjusted.

The fact that the anchoring sections are preferably made of steel, they can be anchored in a conventional manner in the adjacent components, without this - as in the case of fiber reinforced plastic rods - by exotic transformations (in the form of the mentioned cross plates, loops, etc.) and thereby installation problems would have to be bought with the connection reinforcement or when using profiled plastic rods by damage in the mutual investment area, which are caused by the different Temperaturdehnzahlen of concrete on the one hand and plastic rod on the other hand. In the case of reinforcing bars made of steel, however, such an anchoring is usually carried out by a ribbing of the lateral surface of the reinforcing bars, said ribbing can be easily introduced during the manufacturing process of these reinforcing elements.

Conveniently, the anchoring portion of the tensile reinforcement elements is fixed at a free end of the associated central portion. If, in this case, the anchoring section of the tensile reinforcement elements is aligned with this central section extending substantially horizontally in the installed state of the structural element, this results in a series arrangement or series connection of the different parts of the tensile reinforcement elements, each part being arranged there for which it is the most favorable Has material properties.

It is particularly preferred in this context if the middle section of a tensile reinforcement element has an anchoring section at each of its two free ends and thus the desired alternating arrangement of anchoring section, middle section of fiber-reinforced plastic material and, again, anchoring section results.

As far as the materials of the multi-part composite element, ie the tensile reinforcement element, it is preferred that the anchoring section consists of reinforcing steel, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion, ie a thermal expansion in the order of the thermal expansion coefficient or thermal expansion of concrete and thus non-destructive corresponding temperature-induced deformations or Strains of the concrete can follow. Furthermore, it is preferred that the middle section of the tensile reinforcement element consists of fiber-reinforced and in particular glass-fiber reinforced plastic material, which is sufficiently resilient in the direction of tensile force and has poor thermal conductivity, which is desired in the region of the insulating body. It should be noted that the term "fiber-reinforced plastic material" also includes such fiber reinforcements, in particular glass fiber reinforcements whose fiber content, in particular glass fiber content is higher than 85 wt .-%, so that the weight of the matrix material used in addition to the fibers, such as resin less than 15% compared to the weight of this reinforcing element.

As in the case of the known tensile reinforcement elements, it is also possible to produce the tensile reinforcement elements from a tube or bar material both in the region of the anchoring section and in the region of the central section. The tensile reinforcement elements, and in particular the pipe or bar material, may be profiled or ribbed on the outside thereof to provide the desired positive engagement with the adjacent concrete components which provides the necessary anchoring of the tensile reinforcement elements in the adjacent structural members.

By means of suitable geometries and dimensions, anchoring section and associated middle section can be fixed to one another in such a way that they are capable of optimum tensile force transmission and thus can fulfill the function intended for them. As far as mutual determination is concerned, it is advisable to use interlocking, non-positive and / or cohesive measures, such as, for example, a socket connection, as described, for example, in US Pat DE-A 102008018325 discloses an adhesive or screw connection or the like.

In addition, in particular, a welded joint is recommended, which is particularly useful if an internal anchoring element is used as a weld-on, as a so-called Welding Insert in the not weldable itself, consisting of fiber-reinforced plastic central portion. This inner anchoring element can be inserted at any time, for example by screwing into the central portion; Instead, however, it is also of particular advantage if the inner anchoring element is already formed or laminated directly during the production of the middle section.

While this inner anchoring element can theoretically extend over the entire length of the middle section, in particular if it is already introduced in the production of the middle section, in order to ensure in particular a reliable tensile force transmission, it can be particularly advantageous if this inner anchoring element only extends over in the axial direction extends a portion to thereby avoid cold spots. For a continuous metallic inner anchoring element as a welding aid means inevitably that the insulating function of existing fiber-reinforced plastic center section is interrupted and disturbed. In order for the inner anchoring element, which extends only over a partial area in the axial direction, to be suitable for receiving the tensile force to be transferred by the anchoring section to be connected, it must be anchored or supported in the middle section, for example, by a positive connection.

As far as the inner anchoring element extending over the entire length of the middle section is concerned, this can have a larger material cross section in each case in the intended welding area to improve the thermal insulation properties than in the axial partial areas outside of these weldable areas, in particular between two weld-on areas. This can be done, for example, even with an endless production of the material for the middle section by a chain arrangement, that is, an alternating arrangement of welding sections and connecting links. For this purpose, in each case at the predetermined regions in which an anchoring section is to be connected to the central section, the weld-on section of the welding-on aid has an enlarged material cross-section which is sufficient for welding However, while the connecting members in the connecting regions between two Anschweißabschnitten have a reduced cross-sectional material, which may consist of a suitable material for tensile force transmission, for example, a steel cable.

The anchoring section can be connected to the inner anchoring element by means of induction welding, laser welding or similar welding methods suitable for the plastic material of the central section.

Since the reinforcing steel of the terminal anchoring sections must meet a minimum concrete coverage for corrosion protection reasons, the anchoring sections must not extend as far as the insulating body, in order to avoid corrosion of the anchoring sections. For this reason, it is expediently provided that the connection region in the installed state has a horizontal distance L ₁ from the insulating body, which is at least once and at most five times as large as the diameter d _{M of} the central portion. Thereby, the determination of the anchoring portion at the central portion outside of the insulator can be done in a region which is protected by the required minimum concrete coverage from corrosion.

However, the spacing of the connection region from the insulating body has a further significant effect and advantage: According to the invention, the middle section is designed to be substantially smooth-walled on its radial outer side, at least in the area between the insulating body and the connection region. This avoids excessive bonding between the central portion and the surrounding portion of the middle portion of the adjacent component and forms a buffer zone which ensures that the flexural rigidity of the tensile reinforcement elements does not abruptly but only gradually upon exiting the insulator and entering the adjacent component changes. For an abrupt jump in stiffness would lead to high loads in the tensile reinforcement element as well as at the leading edge of the adjacent component: on the one hand, the excessively high loads can cause a delamination of the tensile reinforcement element consisting of fiber-reinforced plastic material; On the other hand, the building material may flake off at the front edge of the adjacent component, which in turn destroys the required minimum concrete cover or reduced and thus cancel the corrosion protection for the tensile reinforcement element.

The substantially smooth-walled middle section thus serves to prevent a close-to-joint anchoring of the tensile reinforcement element in the adjacent component, so that the anchoring takes place only in the connection region and in the region of the tensile reinforcement element following in the axial direction, namely the anchoring section. By displacing the connection region away from the joint-proximal edge region or from the insulating body into the adjacent component, the length of the sections of the tensile reinforcement element with reduced bending stiffness is increased. As a result, the tensile reinforcement elements clamped in this way are generally more flexible and significantly better able to follow temperature-related relative movements between the adjacent components in the transverse or thrust direction. This increase in the flexural or translucent softness avoids too rapid or severe fatigue of the tensile reinforcement elements.

While in the prior art instructions are to be found that the free, i. not radially supported length of existing of fiber reinforced plastic material Zugbewehrungselementes between the two clamping points must be as short as possible to keep the total elongation of Zugbewehrungselementes in the axial direction as small as possible, the subject of the present invention, such an increase in axial elongation deliberately in purchasing by the Clamping points are moved away from the insulating body in the adjacent components, thereby making the tensile reinforcement elements flexurally softer, which has the desired reduction of material fatigue in an advantageous manner.

In other words: If, as usual in the prior art, a tensile reinforcement element consisting of a plastic material was provided with a ribbed jacket surface and inserted directly into an adjacent concrete component and anchored there, the region with reduced bending stiffness would be limited to the dimensions of the insulating body. It is obvious that such a too rigid tensile reinforcement element will not be able to sufficiently follow the usual temperature-related relative movements of the two adjacent components. At the same time, the tensile reinforcement element in the transition region between insulator and adjacent component by the abrupt transition between the different surrounding materials have a jump in stiffness, which would lead to excessive and possibly destructive loads associated with the Zugbewehrungselements as well as the material of the adjacent component.

Although the length L _{2 of} the connection region differs depending on the connection technology between middle section and anchoring section, in most cases the connection technology ensures that the corrosion-prone anchoring section, which is preferably made of reinforcing steel, is shielded in the connection area by the plastic material of the middle section, so that the distance is increased by the insulating body and thus the joint between the two adjacent components accordingly. Thus, in these cases, the length L _{2 of} the connection area can be taken into account even when determining the minimum concrete cover, if the anchoring section were arranged too close to the insulating body and thus to the joint, since the middle section surrounding the anchoring section provides the required corrosion protection. It is thus an advantage of the present invention also to be seen in the fact that the connection area in the installed state has a length L ₂ in the horizontal direction, which is at least twice and at most ten times as large as the diameter dv of the anchoring portion.

In order to be able to provide the necessary anchoring of the tensile reinforcement elements in the adjacent components, the anchoring section should extend in the installed state from the connection region in the horizontal direction over a length L ₃ which is at least twenty times as large as the diameter dv of the anchoring section. This ensures that the tensile reinforcement elements according to the invention can be used without end anchors such as transverse plates, loops, etc. and yet can provide the desired anchoring and even against the background that the smooth-walled portion of the central portion between insulator and terminal area and the terminal area itself hardly contributes to anchorage.

The thermal insulation component according to the invention expediently has pressure elements and / or lateral force elements in addition to the tensile reinforcement elements for compressive force and / or transverse force transmission between the adjacent components, as known from the relevant prior art and as is usual in such components for thermal insulation ,

As far as in the present case with respect to the material of the adjacent components, so in particular the building and the projecting outer part of concrete is mentioned, it should be understood hereunder any form of a hardening and / or settable building material, in particular a cementitious, fiber-reinforced building materials such as concrete, such as high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete or high-strength or ultra-high-strength mortar, a synthetic resin mixture or a reaction resin mixture.

Figur 1

ein erfindungsgemäßes Bauelement zur Wärmedämmung in schematischer und teilweise geschnittener Seitenansicht;

Figuren 2 bis 6

verschiedene beispielhafte Varianten zur gegenseitigen Festlegung von Mittelabschnitt aus faserverstärktem Kunststoffmaterial und Verankerungsabschnitt aus Betonstahl.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings; show here

FIG. 1

an inventive device for thermal insulation in a schematic and partially sectioned side view;

FIGS. 2 to 6

various exemplary variants for mutual determination of middle section made of fiber-reinforced plastic material and anchoring section of reinforcing steel.

FIG. 1 shows a component for thermal insulation 1 with a multi-part cuboid insulating body 2, which is intended to be arranged in a between two concrete components (which are not shown here, but whose position is indicated only by the reference numerals A, B) component groove to be arranged and this two concrete components A, B from each other in a thermally insulated manner to space. The insulating body 2 is composed of several parts to allow the installation of reinforcing elements in the form of tension rods 3, in the form of transverse force bars 4 and in the form of pressure elements 5. The arrangement of the reinforcing elements takes place in the manner known and customary in the prior art, namely by at the top of the Insulating body 2, the Zugbewehrungselemente 3 are arranged, which extend in the installed state in the horizontal direction and serve for tensile force transmission between the two components connected to the component for thermal insulation A, B and are anchored thereto in these components.

In the lower region, the so-called pressure zone of the insulating body 2, the pressure elements 5 are arranged, and indeed with a horizontal extension direction, but they do not protrude relative to the insulating body 2. Finally, transverse force bars 4 are still proceeding, which extend in the region of the insulating body 2 inclined to the horizontal and to be absorbed by the reinforcing elements of the component for thermal insulation loads corresponding to the tension zone on one side of the insulator obliquely down into the pressure zone on the other side of the insulator run there to angled vertically in the direction of the tensile zones upwards and then to run after another bend parallel to the tensile reinforcement elements.

Essential for the present invention are now the tensile reinforcement elements 3, of which one in FIG. 1 recognizes a tubular central portion 3a made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which extends in the region of the insulating body 2 in the horizontal direction and on both sides of the insulating something, namely by an axial length L ₁ + L ₂ protrudes in the horizontal direction and with this projecting area in the installed state in the area the adjacent components A, B is arranged. The length L ₂ indicates the area in which the middle section 3 a and the anchoring section ₃ b overlap and form a connection area 3 h, wherein the diameter of the middle section d _{M is} greater than the diameter of the anchoring section dv and accordingly the middle section engages over the anchoring section.

The length L ₁ again means the axial distance of the connection region ₃ h from the insulating body 2. The length L ₃ indicates the extent to which the anchoring section ₃ b extends from the connection region ₃ h or the front side of the middle section _{3 a} into the component A. FIG. 1 does not show the full length of the anchoring portion 3a and thus also corresponds to the measure of length L ₃ in FIG. 1 not the total length of the anchoring portion 3b.

The tensile reinforcement element 3 from FIG. 1 also has rod-shaped anchoring portions 3b made of reinforcing steel, which are inserted into the pipe material of the central portion and fixed there.

Suitable examples of the mutual definition of central section and anchoring section is the FIGS. 2 to 6 to be discussed in more detail below:
FIG. 2 shows the insertion of the anchoring portion 3b in a cylindrical bore 3c of the central portion 3a. The interconnection of central portion and anchoring portion may, for example, be accomplished by a press fit and / or assisted by the additional use of an adhesive to actually provide a stable bond suitable for transferring tensile forces. The axial length in which the anchoring portion 3b and the middle portion 3a overlap is as in FIG FIG. 1 also in FIG. 2 indicated by the reference L ₂ and corresponds to the axial length of the connection area 3h.

FIG. 3 shows a variant of this, in which the free and inserted into the tube material of the central portion 3a of the anchoring portion 3b is provided on its outer side with a profiling that allows adhesive, mortar or similar connecting means find more space and a positive connection with the Profiling in order to improve or ensure the mutual connection.

In FIG. 4 the free end 3d of the anchoring portion 3b is provided with an external thread and dips into the cylindrical opening 3c of the central portion 3a, which opening 3c in turn has an internal thread, thus allowing the anchoring portion 3b and central portion 3a to be screwed together.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show finally two socket joints, so the mutual fixing of anchoring section 3b and middle section 3a with interposition a sleeve 3e, which has at its two opposite sides two aligned holes 3f, 3g, but the two holes are arranged in the sleeve so that they have no mutual connection. The one hole 3g is thus intended to receive the free end 3d of the anchoring portion 3b, either via a simple plug connection or with the additional use of adhesive or other connecting means. On the other side of the sleeve 3e, finally, the bore 3f is provided into which the free end 3h of the central portion 3a is inserted and fixed there, for example via a press connection, plug connection or adhesive connection.

How to get out FIG. 1 can see, the central portion extends with its plastic material 3 far beyond the insulator and thus makes it possible to be made of reinforcing steel anchoring sections 3b to be connected to the central portion 3a in such an area that is not yet at risk of corrosion. As a result, the advantages that are essential to the invention can be achieved, namely to be able to use the particularly advantageous plastic material of the middle section in the region of the insulating body, which is characterized in particular by lower costs compared to stainless steel and a particularly poor thermal conductivity. And also in the area outside of the insulator, finally, in the area of the components, the anchoring sections consist of reinforcing steel, which has similar Temperaturdehnzahlen as the surrounding concrete component and thus can enter into an optimal connection with the concrete, through which the tensile force from the concrete in the Zugbewehrungselement and vice versa can be transmitted, without causing the otherwise occurring destructions due to excessive relative movements.

In summary, the present invention has the advantage of providing a thermal insulation element having tensile reinforcement elements in the form of composite composite elements consisting of a center section of fiber reinforced plastic material on the one hand and at least one anchoring section of steel and in particular reinforcing steel on the other. As a result, the different materials can be used exactly according to their properties and advantages, which was previously not possible in the prior art.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

• 1 - component for thermal insulation
• 2 - Insulating body
• 3 - tension bars
• 3a - middle section
• 3b - anchoring sections
• 3c - cylindrical opening of the central portion 3a
• 3d - free end of the anchoring section 3b
• 3e - sleeve
• 3f - hole in the sleeve 3e for anchoring section 3b
• 3g - hole in the sleeve 3e for middle section 3a
• 3h - connection area
• 4 - shear force rods
• 5 - Printing elements
• A - concrete component
• B - concrete component
• d _M - diameter of the middle section
• d _V - diameter of the anchoring sections
• L ₁ - axial distance of the connection area 3h from the insulating body
• L ₂ - Length of connection area 3h in axial direction
• L ₃ - dimension by which the anchoring rod section extends from the connection region 3g into the component A or B, respectively

Claims (11)

1. Structural element for thermal insulation between two structural components, especially between a building (A) and a projecting exterior part (B), the structural element consisting of an insulator body (2) to be arranged between the two structural components and of reinforcing elements in the form of at least tensile reinforcing elements (3) which in the installed state of the structural element (10) pass through the insulator body substantially horizontally and transversely with respect to the substantially horizontal longitudinal extent of the insulator body and which each project in the horizontal direction relative to the insulator body and are connectible to one of the two structural components, which preferably consist of concrete,
   wherein the tensile reinforcing elements (3) are in the form of multipart composite elements in that they have, at least in the region of the insulator body (2), a central portion (3a) which projects relative to the insulator body and consists at least partly of fibre-reinforced plastics material; the tensile reinforcing elements (3) have, in a region outside the insulator body (2), at least one anchoring portion (3b) having geometric and/or material properties that differ at least to some extent from the central portion (3a), which anchoring portion is connected to the central portion (3a) in a connection region (3h), the connection region (3h) being arranged spaced apart from the insulator body (2); the central portion (3a) consists of an especially cylindrical rod material and/or tubular material, and wherein the anchoring portion (3b) and the associated central portion (3a) are fixed to one another in the connection region (3h) by interlocking engagement, by force-based engagement and/or by a bonded connection, and the mutual fixing of the anchoring portion (3b) and the associated central portion (3a) is effected by means of a sleeve connector formed as a sleeve (3e), and the sleeve (3e) has on its two mutually opposite sides two bores (3f, 3g) which are in alignment with one another, the two bores being arranged in the sleeve (3e) in such a way that they do not have any mutual connection and one bore (3g) is provided for receiving the free end (3d) of the anchoring portion (3b) and the free end (3h) of the central portion (3a) is inserted into the bore (3f), which is located on the other side of the cuff (3e), and fixed in place therein, characterised in that the central portion (3a) is of substantially smooth-walled construction on its radial outer side, at least in the region between the insulator body (2) and the connection region (3h).
2. Structural element for thermal insulation according to at least claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the anchoring portion (3b) of the tensile reinforcing elements (3) is connected to a free end of the associated central portion (3a) and is arranged in alignment with that central portion (3a), which extends substantially horizontally in the installed state of the structural element (1).
3. Structural element for thermal insulation according to at least claim 2,
   characterised in that
   the central portion (3a) of a tensile reinforcing element has an anchoring portion (3b) at each of its two free ends.
4. Structural element for thermal insulation according to at least claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the anchoring portion (3b) of the tensile reinforcing elements (3) consists of steel, especially concrete reinforcement steel, and/or the central portion (3a) of the tensile reinforcing elements (3) consists of glass-fibre-reinforced plastics material.
5. Structural element for thermal insulation according to at least claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the anchoring portion (3b) of the tensile reinforcing elements (3) and/or the central portion (3a) of the tensile reinforcing elements (3) consist of a rod material and/or tubular material, and/or the anchoring portion (3b) of the tensile reinforcing elements (3) has, on its outer side, outwardly projecting profiling, especially radially projecting profiling, especially ribbing.
6. Structural element for thermal insulation according to at least claim 1,
   characterised in that
   the mutual fixing of the anchoring portion (3b) and the associated central portion (3a) is effected by means of an adhesive bond and/or a screw connection.
7. Structural element for thermal insulation between two structural components, especially between a building (A) and a projecting exterior part (B), the structural element consisting of an insulator body (2) to be arranged between the two structural components and of reinforcing elements in the form of at least tensile reinforcing elements (3) which in the installed state of the structural element (10) pass through the insulator body substantially horizontally and transversely with respect to the substantially horizontal longitudinal extent of the insulator body and which each project in the horizontal direction relative to the insulator body and are connectible to one of the two structural components, which preferably consist of concrete,
   wherein the tensile reinforcing elements (3) are in the form of multipart composite elements in that they have, at least in the region of the insulator body (2), a central portion (3a) which projects relative to the insulator body and consists at least partly of fibre-reinforced plastics material; the tensile reinforcing elements (3) have, in a region outside the insulator body (2), at least one anchoring portion (3b) having geometric and/or material properties that differ at least to some extent from the central portion (3a), which anchoring portion is connected to the central portion (3a) in a connection region (3h), the connection region (3h) consisting of an especially cylindrical rod material and/or tubular material, and wherein the anchoring portion (3b) and the associated central portion (3a) are fixed to one another in the connection region (3h) by interlocking engagement, by force-based engagement and/or by a bonded connection, characterised in that the central portion (3a) is of substantially smooth-walled construction on its radial outer side, at least in the region between the insulator body (2) and the connection region (3h), and the mutual fixing of the anchoring portion of the tensile reinforcing elements and the associated central portion is effected by means of a welded connection, and for that purpose an internal anchoring element to be arranged in the central portion is inserted as welding aid into the central rod portion, and the insertion of the internal anchoring element into the central rod portion is effected during the production of the central portion, especially by a shaping or laminating operation or subsequently especially by screwing or adhesive bonding.
8. Structural element for thermal insulation according to at least claim 1,
   characterised in that,
   in the installed state, the connection region (3h) has a horizontal spacing (L₁) from the insulator body (2) which is at least the same as and at most five times as large as the diameter (d_M) of the central portion (3a).
9. Structural element for thermal insulation according to at least claim 1,
   characterised in that,
   in the installed state, the connection region (3h) has a length (L₂) in the horizontal direction which is at least twice and at most ten times as large as the diameter (d_V) of the anchoring portion (3b).
10. Structural element for thermal insulation according to at least claim 1,
    characterised in that,
    in the installed state, the anchoring portion (3b), starting from the connection region (3h), extends in the horizontal direction over a length (L₃) which is at least twenty times as large as the diameter (d_V) of the anchoring portion (3b).
11. Structural element for thermal insulation according to at least claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the structural element for thermal insulation (1), in addition to having the tensile reinforcing elements (3), has compression elements (5) and/or transverse force elements (4).

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