DE19947913C2 - Fastening element for attaching loads to a building wall with thermal insulation - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fastener and a Fastening device for attaching loads to one Building wall having thermal insulation and a method therefor.

Due to the now valid thermal insulation regulation for buildings these have to be provided with an increasingly stronger thermal insulation, to comply with the required low energy standard. Furthermore so-called passive or zero energy houses are now known, due to their very good thermal insulation on an active heating system can do without. Passive houses in solid construction, for example, require thermal insulation of more than 30 cm thickness, which goes without saying should have no so-called thermal bridges through which in the house located energy can escape. Consequently, the heat is sought insulation not by thermally conductive materials such as to interrupt metallic fastening dowels or the like. Yet it is also necessary for low-energy or passive houses that the  Facade constructions such as railings, canopies, trellises, scaffolding or similar can be attached. Of such constructions work both tensile, compressive and transverse forces on the wall.

DE 43 42 599 A1 is an expansion anchor for absorbing these forces known that sits on an anchor bolt, the protruding from the wall End is tapered. The metal one is sufficient Expansion dowels so far into the insulation that a cold bridge is created.

A fastening device is known from DE 295 09 418 U1, at a solid, metal threaded rod is glued into the wall the free end of a fastening nut or the like can be screwed on is. However, this metal fastening device guides the existing heat very well, so that not insignificant heat losses the building envelope occur.

A fastening device is known from DE 66 01 472 U1, at two slanted metal bolts are embedded in the wall, that hold a mounting plate. Again, do not step through the bolts insignificant heat losses on the building.

Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the object to create a fastener which is generated by the load Transfers forces to the building wall minimized as much as possible.

As a technical solution to this problem, the invention proposes gene, the aforementioned fastening element as an elongated, as Tube formed insulating element made of thermally insulating material, with one fastening end that can be attached to the building wall and with one End of load, to which a load can be attached, further develop, on Load end has a thread for holding load attachment devices  is provided.

A fastener designed according to this technical teaching or Fastening device has the advantage that it is on the building wall attachable elongated insulating element absorbs the attacking load and is nevertheless thermally insulating, so that the one in the house Thermal energy not easily through the fastener outdoors can reach. The formation of the insulating element as a tube enables a material-saving production of a very stable one Insulating. It has proven to be advantageous here, the insulation element as thick as the thermal insulation, so that none unnecessary transverse and lever forces occur on the fastener.

In a preferred embodiment, the insulating element is made of Plastic, especially recycled polyurethane, fiberglass or carbon reinforced plastic (GRP, CFRP), wood, carbon or a combination formed at least some of the aforementioned materials. All these Materials have such strength that they are the ones being discussed here standing loads and at the same time have one against over mild steel or aluminum, much cheaper thermal conductivity. In addition, these materials are inexpensive to manufacture, so that an insulating element made of these materials one for the present case sufficient stability and improved thermal conductivity has ability.

In a preferred development, it has proven to be advantageous that To manufacture insulating element from a glass fiber reinforced plastic, wherein the glass fibers are aligned in the longitudinal direction. Such Alignment of the glass fibers causes the tensile and bending strength of the Insulating element is further increased, so that higher tensile and transverse forces can be included.  

In another preferred embodiment, the end of the load is in the area of the thread arranged a stabilizing element. This stabili sation element can be used as a ring or as a cover with a ring-shaped projection be formed, the annular projection over the load end of the Insulating element is sufficient. Through the fastener screwed into the thread The force of the load is primarily an element in the load initiated at the end. To damage or break open the load end prevent the stabilizing element from the outside on the load end applied to absorb the very high forces occurring here.

In yet another preferred embodiment is on the attachment A fastening thread is provided in the end of the insulating element for example, a threaded rod can be partially screwed in. there can the fastener with the out of the insulating element thread of the threaded rod in a simple and inexpensive Be brought into the building wall.

The fastener can be, for example, in a prepared Threaded, or the fastener is with the free end of the threaded rod and / or with the fastening end of the insulating element in a prepared receiving opening in the Building wall introduced, preferred in this opening as a reaction adhesive is located. After the reaction has cured This makes the fastener reliable and durable held in the building wall so that it appears on the fastener forces can be introduced into the wall.

In a preferred development, the receiving opening is selected so that that the fastener has minimal play in it. this has the advantage that less reaction adhesive is required, and that Fastener is held in a form-fitting manner in the building wall.  

In the event that the transverse or bending forces to be absorbed are so great, that they are not picked up by the fastener can, it is proposed to attach two or three fasteners in this way to attach two or three different places on the building wall that the respective loaders meet. It has proven to be beneficial proved to screw the respective load ends with a mounting plate ben, on the mounting plate a means for receiving Lastan Bringing means is provided. This makes it possible for the occurring Load over the mounting plate towards the two or three fasteners distribute so that greater forces can be absorbed. Through the oblique arrangement of the fasteners in the fastening device tion is also achieved that the fasteners primarily be subjected to tension or pressure, so that on the fastener no or only very low transverse or bending forces occur. hereby much larger loads can be attached to the building wall.

Further advantages of the fastening element according to the invention result itself from the accompanying drawing and those described below Embodiments. Likewise, the above and the According to the invention, features which are further elaborated are each individually or can be used in any combination. The The mentioned embodiments are not to be considered as a final list understand, but rather have exemplary character. Show it:

Figure 1 shows a section of a building wall with a first imple mentation form of a fastener according to the invention in a sectional view.

Fig. 2 shows a section of a building wall with the fastening element of Figure 1 in an alternative anchoring in a sectional view.

Figure 3 is a view of a second embodiment of a fastener according to the invention in a sectional view.

Figure 4 is a view of a third embodiment of a fastener according to the invention in a sectional view.

Figure 5 is a view of a fourth embodiment of a fastener according to the invention in a sectional view.

Fig. 6 is a sectional side view of a fastening element shown in Figures 1 and 2 with a lid-shaped stabilizing element.

Fig. 7 is a sectional side view of a fastening element shown in Figures 1 and 2 with an annular stabilizing element .

Fig. 8 is a side view of a device fastening device according to the invention with a fastening element and a pressure element;

Fig. 9 is a side view of a fastening device according to the invention with two fastening elements;

Fig. 10 is a front view of a fastening device according to the invention with three fastening elements;

Fig. 11 is a side view of the fastener of FIG. 10 in the installed state.

Fig. 1 shows a building wall 10 made of solid stone, such as sand-lime brick, with an attached, 30 cm thick thermal insulation 12 for thermal insulation of the building. The thermal insulation 12 forms a closed building shell except for the windows and doors, which largely prevents heat loss from the building. Every breach in this building envelope forms a thermal bridge that is undesirable from a thermal point of view, through which thermal energy flows.

To accommodate loads to be attached to the building wall 10, a fastening element 14 is attached to the latter, which is composed of an elongated insulating element 16 and a ring anchor 18 for attaching loads. In this embodiment, the insulating element 16 is designed as a tube and made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, the glass fibers being oriented primarily in the longitudinal direction. The insulating element 16 has a fastening end 20 for attaching the fastening element 14 in the building wall 10 and a load end 22 for receiving the load to be attached. Both at the load end 22 and at the fastening end 20 of the insulating element 16 , a thread formed as an internal thread 24 is provided, which is incorporated directly into the insulating element 16 .

On the side of the fastening end 20 , a threaded rod 26 is screwed in approximately half in the insulating element 16 , while the other half of the threaded rod 26 extends into a receiving opening 28 provided in the building wall 10 . The receiving opening 28 is only slightly larger than the threaded rod 26 , so that the fastening element 14 inserted into the receiving opening 28 already has a certain hold in the building wall 10 without additional aids.

To attach the fastening element 14 , a suitable recess is made in the thermal insulation 12 before a receiving opening 28 is drilled in the building wall 10 . A reaction adhesive 30 is then injected into this receiving opening 28 before the threaded rod 26 or the fastening element 14 with the threaded rod 26 partially screwed therein is inserted into the receiving opening 28 filled with reactive adhesive 30 . The threaded rod 26 remains in this position until the reaction adhesive has hardened. The fastening element 14 now holds reliably and permanently in the building wall 10 .

The insulating element 16 is chosen so long that the load end 22 is almost flush with the front edge of the thermal insulation 12 . In this case, a fitting suitable for attaching the load can be screwed into the then easily accessible internal thread 24 . Standard fittings can be used for this. In the embodiments shown in FIGS . 1 and 2, a ring anchor 18 is screwed into the load end 22 , to whose eyelet 32, for example, a scaffold can be attached. If the fastening element 14 is not required, the internal thread 24 can be closed by a blind plug, not shown here.

In other embodiments, not shown here, the insulating element 16 can also be made of a different material. However, it is important that this material is suitable for absorbing the forces caused by the load and at the same time offering the best possible thermal insulation. In tests carried out, fiber-reinforced plastic (glass fiber) has proven itself, which can also be obtained inexpensively.

FIG. 2 shows the fastening element 14 from FIG. 1, but without the threaded rod 26 . Rather, the fastening element 14 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is pressed directly into the receiving opening 28 filled with reaction adhesive 30 , so that the reaction adhesive 30 not only at least partially surrounds the insulating element 16 from the outside but also from the inside.

In the two embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the insulating element 16 is designed as a tube. This tube can absorb both tensile and not insignificant transverse forces. If the fastening element 14 is primarily stressed by tensile forces, the insulating element 16 can also be designed as a solid rod. In this case, even greater tensile forces can be absorbed by the fastener.

In the embodiment shown here, the insulating element 16 has a circular cross section. In other embodiments, the cross section can also have a different geometric shape, for example triangular, quadrangular, etc. Depending on the intended use, the insulating element 16 can also have the shape of a T, I or U profile in order to derive the corresponding forces well to be able to.

In Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are alternative fastening elements 100 shown 110, 120, all of which have the insulating member 16, but in the fastening element 100 (Fig. 3) end at the fastening end 20 and the load 22 a has an internal thread 102 having threaded bushing 104 is glued, with a threaded rod 114 having an external thread 112 being glued into the fastening element 110 ( FIG. 4) at the fastening end 20 and at the load end 22 , and wherein in the fastening element 120 ( FIG. 5) at the fastening end 20 and at the load end 22 an internal thread 122 having a threaded sleeve 124 is glued in. In the fastening elements 100 , 110 , 120 , the threaded bush 104 , the threaded rod 114 and the threaded sleeve 124 are glued to the insulating element 16 in order to achieve a reliable and permanent attachment, which also transmits the forces accordingly.

In Figs. 6 and 7 which is known from Fig. 1 fastening element is shown, but here reinforced with a stabilizing element. The stabilizing element shown in FIG. 6 is a cover 36 with an annular projection 38 , while the stabilizing element shown in FIG. 7 is a ring 40 . Both stabilizing elements engage around the exterior of the load end 22 of the insulating member 16 to the initiated by the anchor ring 18 into the load end 22 to absorb forces at least partially, and a breaking of the load end to prevent 22 of the insulating element sixteenth These stabilizing elements are, for example, made of metal or glass fiber reinforced plastic.

Fig. 8 shows a fastening device with two fastening elements 14 , 14 'or another of the embodiments described above, a block 44 and a load plate 46 , the supply element 14 is screwed to the load end 22 of the fastening element 14 . The load plate 46 has a load holder 48 and is aligned substantially vertically. The loads are preferably attached to this load receiver 48 in a hanging manner. This causes the load plate 46 to be loaded vertically downwards and to lie flush against the block 44 . The first fastening element 14 is inclined in the building wall 10 inserted so that the element on the mounting 14 forces acting substantially tensile forces and such that the transverse and bending forces which would otherwise occur by the load plate 46 as compressive forces onto the acting as pressure element second fastening element 14 'and continue to be directed to the building wall 10 . It goes without saying that the block 44 is also made from a thermally insulating material, preferably from wood or recycled polyurethane. The fastening elements 14 and 14 'are anchored in the manner described for FIGS. 1 and 2. The block 44 is preferably designed as a cuboid.

Fig. 9 shows another embodiment of a fastening device according to the invention. Here, two fastening elements 14 , 14 'or another embodiment of the type described above are also let into the building wall 10 at a certain angle, the angle being chosen so that the two load ends 22 of the insulating elements 16 meet and one of the two fastening elements 14 and 14 'connecting mounting plate 50 are screwed. The insulating element 16 is dimensioned such that the load end 22 is flush with the front edge of the thermal insulation, so that the mounting plate 50 is arranged outside the thermal insulation. A load receiver 52 is provided on the mounting plate 50 , to which the load to be picked up is attached, for example.

The two fastening elements 14 and 14 'are preferably arranged in a vertically aligned plane, so that the force acting on the load bearing 52 loads the corresponding lower fastening element 14 ' under pressure and the corresponding upper fastening element 14 with tension. With such a clear separation of tensile and compressive loads, the fastening elements 14 can absorb much higher loads.

In Figs. 10 and 11 another embodiment of a fastening device according to Invention is shown. Here, three of the previously described fastening elements 14 , 14 'and 14 "or another embodiment of the type described above are embedded in a triangle in a building wall and are also angled in such a way that their load ends 22 meet and are connected to one another via a mounting plate 54 Such a fastening device can absorb the highest loads, since here too the fastening elements 14 , 14 'and 14 "are primarily subjected to tension and / or pressure and not to bending.

reference numeral

10

building wall

12

thermal insulation

14

fastener

16

insulating

18

ring beam

20

attachment end

22

load end

24

inner thread

26

threaded rod

28

receiving opening

30

reactive adhesive

32

eyelet

36

cover

38

Got over

40

ring

44

pressure element

46

load plate

48

lifting

50

mounting plate

52

lifting

54

mounting plate

100

fastener

102

inner thread

104

threaded bushing

110

fastener

112

external thread

114

threaded rod

120

fastener

122

inner thread

124

threaded sleeve

Claims (12)

1. Fastening element for attaching loads to a building wall having thermal insulation, characterized by an elongated insulating element ( 16 ) made of a thermally insulating material designed as a tube, with a fastening end ( 20 ) attachable to the building wall ( 10 ) and with a load end ( 22 ), to which a load can be attached, a thread ( 24 , 102 , 112 , 124 ) being provided at the end of the load ( 22 ) for receiving load attachment means ( 18 ). 2. Fastening element according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the insulating element ( 16 ) is formed corresponding to the thickness of the thermal insulation ( 12 ). 3. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating element ( 16 ) made of plastic, in particular recycled polyurethane, glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced plastic (GRP, CFRP), wood, or a combination of at least some of the aforementioned materials. 4. Fastening element according to claim 3, characterized in that the insulating element ( 16 ) formed from glass fiber reinforced plastic has glass fibers oriented in the longitudinal direction. 5. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stabilizing element is arranged at the load end ( 22 ) in the region of the thread ( 24 ). 6. Fastening element according to claim 5, characterized in that the stabilizing element is designed as a ring ( 40 ). 7. Fastening element according to claim 5, characterized in that the stabilizing element is designed as a cover ( 36 ) with an annular projection ( 38 ), the annular projection ( 38 ) over the load end ( 22 ) of the insulating element ( 16 ). 8. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fastening thread is provided at the fastening end ( 20 ). 9. Fastening element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a threaded rod ( 26 ) is provided in the fastening thread, which partially protrudes from the insulating element ( 16 ). 10. Fastening device for attaching loads to a building wall having thermal insulation, characterized by a first fastening element ( 14 ) and a second fastening element ( 14 ') according to at least one of the preceding claims, by a block ( 44 ) made of thermally insulating material and by a on the fastening elements ( 14 , 14 ') attached load plate ( 46 ), the load plate ( 46 ) abutting the block ( 44 ) in such a way that the forces acting on the load plate ( 46 ) forces the first fastening element ( 14 ) primarily to train and that the other forces via the block ( 44 ) as pressure forces via the second fastening element ( 14 ') are derived into the building wall ( 10 ). 11. Fastening device for attaching loads to a building wall having thermal insulation, characterized in that two or three fastening elements ( 14 , 14 ', 14 ") according to at least one of claims 1 to 10 at two or three different locations on the building wall ( 10 ) are attached in such a way that the respective load ends ( 22 ) of the fastening elements ( 14 , 14 ', 14 ") meet. 12. Fastening device according to claim 11, characterized by a mounting plate ( 50 , 54 ) for mounting on the respective load ends ( 22 ), wherein a means for receiving load attachment means is provided on the mounting plate ( 50 , 54 ).