EP3269897A1 - Ancrage élastique de couches de plâtre - Google Patents
Ancrage élastique de couches de plâtre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3269897A1 EP3269897A1 EP17181564.0A EP17181564A EP3269897A1 EP 3269897 A1 EP3269897 A1 EP 3269897A1 EP 17181564 A EP17181564 A EP 17181564A EP 3269897 A1 EP3269897 A1 EP 3269897A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plaster layer
- plaster
- spring
- springs
- hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000051 wattle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
Definitions
- the invention concerns the elastic fixing - to a plaster-holding structure - of a plaster layer, preferably with frescos and/or decorated, of a preferably ancient building, such as a villa or a cathedral, or a church, or similar valuable ancient structures with frescos, to which explicit reference will be made in the description below without because of this loosing in generality.
- Ceilings built with the technique described above are subjected to the formation of cracks/fissures and/or to the detachment of significant portions of the plaster layer from the framework, thus causing evident problems both for the safety of people and or objects standing under the ceiling and in terms of damaging of decorations and/or frescos made on the plaster.
- the detachment of the plaster layer from the framework is usually caused by the vibrations produced by sources of noise present in or passing by the buildings. External vibrations, when they hit the building, are transferred to the plaster layer of the ceiling through the roof structure, thus causing its damaging.
- the detachment of the plaster layer from the framework is further caused by thermo-hygrometric sudden changes generated both by heating systems and by humidity variations taking place in the area of the ceiling, mainly due to the people present in the building, especially in churches/cathedrals.
- Humidity variations cause different size variations of the laths and of the plaster layer, which cause a progressive crumbling of the ribs, which - hence - weaken the mechanical anchoring of the plaster to the framework, until it completely ceases to exists, thus causing the detachment.
- the resin forms a film that covers the plaster layer and the laths, thus reducing the transpiration and dehumidification thereof.
- This reduction causes, on the one hand, a progressive oxidation of the fresco, which gets darker as time goes by, and, on the other hand, the formation of a barrier that prevents the relative humidity present inside the building from correctly going through the ceiling and freely flow outwards.
- the Applicant designed a mechanical anchoring structure to steadily anchor the plaster layer to the support layer of a ceiling of a building, which is described in European patent application EP 2 696 009 A1 filed by the Applicant. Even though the mechanical anchoring structure described in EP 2 696 009 A1 is particularly advantageous, the Applicant wants to find a solution that further improves anchoring performances.
- number 100 indicates, as a whole, an example of a vertical section of the structure of a ceiling of a building, preferably an ancient one (which is shown only partially and in a schematic manner, with enlarged parts and removed parts for greater clarity), for example a villa or a church or a cathedral or any other similar ancient building.
- the ceiling structure shown in Figure 1 is merely an example and is not limiting for the purposes of the invention.
- the invention can conveniently be used also in ceilings having a structure that is different from the one shown and described hereinafter, or in vertical walls of a building, which have at least one plaster layer and a plaster layer support structure.
- the ceiling 100 comprises a support structure 220 and at least one plaster layer 300 with a predetermined thickness, which is integral with the support structure 200.
- flat and horizontal structure of the ceiling 100 described above and shown in figure 1 is not limiting for the purposes of the invention, but it is was exclusively used to make the description of the invention clearer.
- the structure of the ceiling 100 instead of being horizontal and flat, as provided for by the description and the drawings of this patent application, could have different shapes, such as - for example - the shape of a semi-spherical cap having a circular, elliptical, polygonal plan, and a vertical section with the shape of a semicircle, a parabola or the like (not shown).
- number 1 further indicates, as a whole, the present invention concerning an anchoring elastic system comprising a plurality of elastic organs, which are designed to strengthen/restore/maintain the fixing/anchoring of a least one plaster layer 300 to the support structure 200 above, so as to prevent it from detaching from the support structure itself.
- the anchoring elastic system 1 is aimed at "assisting" the support structure 200 in keeping the plaster layer 300 anchored to the structure 200.
- the anchoring elastic system 1 strengthens the anchorage that is mainly performed by the support structure 200 on the plaster layer 300, so as to prevent and/or limit the detachment of the plaster layer 330 due to the causes described above.
- the first 5a and the second tubular portion 5b of the tubular spring 5 are shaped to as to be about mushroom-shaped and comprise respective filiform cylindrical windings, which are formed by spires arranged beside one another, which extend side by side and coaxial to the axis A.
- the first top portion 5a is shaped so as to approximately form a cylindrical cup-shaped body, with a central hole in its base/bottom wall, and defines the head of the mushroom, whereas the second bottom tubular portion 5b projects from the base/bottom of the first portion 5a along the axis A and is approximately shaped like an elongated cylinder defining the stem.
- springs 5 that are dimensioned so as to have a first portion 5a having an outer diameter ranging from about 6 mm to about 10 mm, preferably 8 mm, and a second portion 5b having an outer diameter ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, preferably 2 mm.
- first portion 5a and the second portion 5b of the tubular spring 5 can have a tubular shape other than the one described above, such as, for example, the shape of a truncated cone and/or of a cone, whereas the length of the second portion 5b basically depends on the thickness of the support structure 200 and on the depth of the hole 4.
- the length of the second portion 5b can correspond, for example, to the sum of the thickness of the support structure 200 and the depth of the hole 4 in the plaster layer 300.
- one or more holes 4 of the anchoring elastic structure 1 can be preferably made in the ribs 310, whereas the first portions 5a of the springs 5 are arranged so as to rest on the top face of the laths 210 and one or more second portions 5b are fitted into the holes 4 made in the ribs 310.
- the Applicant further found out that, when the force exerted by the plaster layer 300 causes the plastic deformation of the tubular spring 5, the latter collapses and lengthens until it reaches a maximum extension in which it conveniently keeps the plaster layer 300 anchored to the support structure 200.
- the plaster layer 300 collapses and lengthens until it reaches a maximum extension in which it conveniently keeps the plaster layer 300 anchored to the support structure 200.
- it is obtained both the advantage of conveniently preventing the plaster layer 300 from falling towards the floor below, thus causing a condition of danger for the people standing there, besides the disruption of the fresco, and the advantage of subsequently being able to take the plaster layer 300 back to the initial position of anchoring to the support structure 200, in which - then - the plaster layer 300 can be fixed to the support structure 200.
- the helical spring 5 axially deforms/stretches upwards in a controlled manner under the pressure due to the expansion of the salts, thus causing micro-movements thereof in the hole 4, which progressively push them out of the hole 4. Furthermore, during the deformation of the spring 5, its spires move apart from one another, thus increasing the area of contact between the expelled salts recovered/contained in the spring 5 and the wall of the hole 4, thus determining - for the salts - a progressively increasing rise in the absorption of the water present in the plaster layer.
- the spring 5 protects the hole from 4 from micro-grinding, as the diameter of the helical spring 5 progressively decreases.
- the absence of micro-grinding is clearly convenient especially in the presence of frescos/decorations on the plaster layer.
- the Applicant found out that, by exclusively fixing the distal end of the second portion 5b of the tubular spring 5 to the plaster layer 300 through the injection of a given quantity of fastening/gluing material M into the hole 4, the remaining part of the tubular body 5 is free to deform both longitudinally (i.e. axially) along the axis A and radially, thus supporting the exchange between the external air and the humidity present in the plaster layer 300, inside the hole 4.
- the first portion 3a of the spring 3 always has a substantially cylindrical shape coaxial to the axis A and is preferably formed by helical spires that, in the rest position, are preferably axially spaced apart from one another.
- the monitoring spring 3 is structured so as to ensure that the first portion 3a, namely the tubular portion 3a is deformed between a resting position indicative of the absence of detachment (shown in Figure 1 ), wherein the first portion 3a is at its maximum longitudinal and radial extension, and a signalling position indicative of the presence of detachment (shown in Figure 6 and 7 ), wherein the first portion 3a is deformed both longitudinally ( Figure 6 ) and radially ( Figure 7 ) in response to traction exerted on the filiform stem by the plaster layer 300 during the detachment thereof from the support structure 200.
- the springs 3 and 5 can be made of a metal material, such as, for example, (stainless) steel or titanium, aluminium or copper or any other similar metal alloy.
- the springs 3 and 5 could also be made of carbon fibre or plastic material and/or with mixtures of epoxy and/or polyurethane resins.
- the length of the second portion 5a of the spring 5 and the length of the second portion 3a of the spring 3 can further be sized based on the depth of the hole 4 and/or on the (vertical) thickness of the support structure 200 and/or on the height of the slit 220.
- the anchoring elastic system 1 can conveniently comprise, furthermore, a mesh, for example a mesh made of a metal material or the like, which rests on the top face 200b of the support structure 200, whereas the springs 5 and 3 are arranged so as to have the relative first portions 5a and 3a resting on the mesh itself and the second portions 5b and 3b fitted into the holes 4 through the through openings present in the mesh.
- a mesh for example a mesh made of a metal material or the like, which rests on the top face 200b of the support structure 200
- the springs 5 and 3 are arranged so as to have the relative first portions 5a and 3a resting on the mesh itself and the second portions 5b and 3b fitted into the holes 4 through the through openings present in the mesh.
- the mesh itself defines a connection structure between the springs, which ensures a complete anchoring of the ceiling layer, even in local areas of the support structure that, after having deteriorated/having been damaged, could not be capable of locally carrying out an anchoring action upon the underlying portion of plaster layer.
- the depth of the holes 4 in the plaster layer 300 changes according to the dimensions of the springs 5 and 3 and/or to the load/weight of the plaster layer 300 to be supported and to the thickness thereof.
- the hole 4 can have a depth, in the plaster layer 300, that is approximately equal to half the thickness of the plaster layer 300 itself.
- the method comprises the step of injecting a given quantity of liquid fastening/gluing material M into the holes 4.
- the quantity of material M injected into the hole 4 is adjusted so as to to cover only the end portion of the spring 5 fitted into the hole 4.
- the method comprises, furthermore, the step of fitting the second tubular portions 5b of the springs 5 into the holes 4, so that, on the one hand, the tubular end (the bottom one in Figure 5 ) of each second portion 5b is immersed in the fastening/gluing material M and, on the other hand, the first portion 5a of each spring 5 is arranged so as to strike/rest against the top surface 200b of the support structure 200 ( Figures 4 and 5 ).
- the method preferably comprises, furthermore, the step of fitting the second portions 3b defining the filiform stems of the signalling springs 3 into the holes 4, so that, on the one hand, the free end (the bottom one in Figure 5 ) of each stem is buried/immersed in the fastening/gluing material M and, on the other hand, the first portion 3a of each spring 3 is arranged so as to strike/rest against the top surface 200b of the support structure 200 ( Figures 4 and 5 ) in the rest position.
- the spring 11 the latter is fitted into the hole 4 before fitting the relative spring 3, so as to define a sliding duct for the stem 3b.
- the presence of the spring 11 prevents the hole 4 from being damaged, namely it forbids the micro-grinding of the inner wall of the hole 4 during the fitting of the stem 3b and/or during the detachment of the plaster layer 300.
- the anchoring system thanks to the elastic action exerted by the springs, is capable of assisting the main anchoring action carried out by the support structure on the plaster layer, allows users to restore the anchorage of the plaster layer in case of detachment in a simple, economic and quick manner as well as with an extremely reduced impact on the plaster layer, with all the consequent advantages when the plaster layer is frescoed, and performs - at the same time - a humidity removal action, which removes humidity from the plaster layer, thus conveniently determining the drying thereof.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dowels (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT102016000074430A IT201600074430A1 (it) | 2016-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | Sistema elastico di ancoraggio per consolidare l'ancoraggio di uno strato di intonaco ad una struttura portaintonaco di un edificio |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3269897A1 true EP3269897A1 (fr) | 2018-01-17 |
EP3269897B1 EP3269897B1 (fr) | 2020-04-29 |
Family
ID=57737850
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17181564.0A Active EP3269897B1 (fr) | 2016-07-15 | 2017-07-14 | Ancrage élastique de couches de plâtre |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3269897B1 (fr) |
IT (1) | IT201600074430A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3815299A1 (de) * | 1988-05-05 | 1989-11-16 | Stauch Matthias | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur armierung von moertel |
EP2696009A1 (fr) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-12 | Walter Fiorin | Structure d'ancrage et procédé pour couche de plâtre à fresque sur ossature bois supportant le plâtre en bois d'un plafond de bâtiment |
-
2016
- 2016-07-15 IT IT102016000074430A patent/IT201600074430A1/it unknown
-
2017
- 2017-07-14 EP EP17181564.0A patent/EP3269897B1/fr active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3815299A1 (de) * | 1988-05-05 | 1989-11-16 | Stauch Matthias | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur armierung von moertel |
EP2696009A1 (fr) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-12 | Walter Fiorin | Structure d'ancrage et procédé pour couche de plâtre à fresque sur ossature bois supportant le plâtre en bois d'un plafond de bâtiment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3269897B1 (fr) | 2020-04-29 |
IT201600074430A1 (it) | 2018-01-15 |
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