EP2696009B1 - Structure d'ancrage et procédé pour couche de plâtre à fresque sur ossature bois supportant le plâtre en bois d'un plafond de bâtiment - Google Patents

Structure d'ancrage et procédé pour couche de plâtre à fresque sur ossature bois supportant le plâtre en bois d'un plafond de bâtiment Download PDF

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EP2696009B1
EP2696009B1 EP13180003.9A EP13180003A EP2696009B1 EP 2696009 B1 EP2696009 B1 EP 2696009B1 EP 13180003 A EP13180003 A EP 13180003A EP 2696009 B1 EP2696009 B1 EP 2696009B1
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Prior art keywords
anchoring
plaster
timber frame
layer
holding timber
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EP13180003.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2696009A1 (fr
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Walter Fiorin
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
    • E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging

Definitions

  • the present invention relates a system or structure and a method to anchor a plaster layer to a wooden plaster-holding timber frame of the ceiling of an ancient building, as for instance a mansion or a church; to which the following description refers purely by way of example.
  • each of the ribs od the plaster layer presents an end coming out, meaning that the end stretches onto two consecutive laths and it is shaped in order to form an anchoring tab leant on the laths, so to prevent the rib in slipping out from the slits, anchoring in such way the plaster layer to the timber frame.
  • the sudden thermal shocks caused by heating systems inside the building determine, especially in relatively crowded buildings such as churches, also relevant humidity variations in correspondence of the ceiling.
  • the moisture is absorbed and released cyclically by the laths and by the layer of plaster, causing on both different dimensional variations determining a progressive crumbling of the ribs, in particular of the ends, and therefore weakening the mechanical anchoring of the plaster to the timber frame until the anchoring becomes inexistent.
  • the technique known to date used to consolidate the anchoring of the plaster layer to the frame essentially provides to pour on the top surface of the frame, i.e. on the so-called extrados surface, a certain amount of consolidating liquid resin of film forming kind.
  • the liquid resin gradually penetrates into the cracks/fissures present in the layer of plaster, in the space between the ribs and the laths, and through the slots of the boards themselves and, once solidified, makes the portions of plaster, and the laths impregnated, mutually holding.
  • the consolidation technique to anchor plaster by pouring consolidating resin, as described above, has many technical problems, unsolved to present.
  • the resin penetrates selectively between the crumbling portions of the ribs so as to form a partial waterproofing of the ceiling which covers the ribs, leaving nevertheless uncovered the laths.
  • GB 475 347 discloses a system designed to suspend or support heating or cooling pipes embedded in the concrete or material forming the wall, floor or ceiling of the building.
  • US 2007 0029 025 discloses a method for adhering a first structure to a second structure wherein the method comprises: applying an adhesive composition to the surfaces, the adhesive composition comprising a first polymer or another polymer, and allowing the adhesive composition to bond the surfaces.
  • GB 475 347 and US 2007 0029 025 fail to disclose a structure and a method for anchoring and/or consolidating the anchoring of a frescoed layer of plaster to a plaster-holding timber frame in wood of a building, which is designed to overcome the drawbacks above technical described.
  • GB 475 347 discloses anchoring members for anchoring a pipe to a ceiling wherein anchoring members have a shape completely unsuitable to be used for anchoring of a frescoed plaster layer to a wooden plaster-holding timber frame of a building
  • US 2007 0029 025 suggests to use an adhesive composition, i.e. a "film-forming" polymeric composition which, if applied to a frescoed plaster layer, would produce the same technical problems disclosed above, i.e. a progressive oxidation on the fresco and a barrier preventing the humidity present inside the building to properly penetrate the ceiling and flow freely towards the external environment.
  • US 2,598,984 discloses a system for repairing a cracked wall in which a reinforcing road is clamped in the eyes of cotters arranged in holes.
  • Aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a structure and a method for anchoring and/or consolidating the anchoring of a layer of plaster to a plaster-holding timber frame in wood of a building, in order to overcome the drawbacks above technical described.
  • This aim is achieved by the present invention since it relates to a structure and a method for anchoring a layer of plaster to a plaster-holding timber frame in wood of a building, as defined in the attached claims.
  • the number 100 indicates ceiling of a building as a whole, for example of a villa or of a church (shown only partially) having a lower surface 110 (intrados) preferably but not necessarily frescoed, facing the base of the building, i.e. the floor (not shown), and an upper surface 120 (extrados) facing the roof of the building.
  • a lower surface 110 intraados
  • frescoed preferably but not necessarily frescoed
  • the ceiling 100 comprises a wooden parget-bearing frame or plaster-holding timber frame 200 connected in a known manner to the walls and / or to the roof of the building (for example through a supporting structure formed by the holding beams connected together and to the building), and a plaster layer 300 of predetermined thickness, which is anchored to the plaster holding timber frame 200 and it extends in such a way as to cover the bottom surface 200a of the latter so as to form the lower surface 110 of the ceiling 100.
  • the plaster-holding timber frame 200 extends in a plane preferably horizontal, and comprises a plurality of beams or wooden laths 210 (Italian term "arelle”), extending preferably parallel to a longitudinal axis A in such a way as to be substantially/ preferably coplanar among them, and they are spaced apart from one another so as to determine between them grooves or embrasures 220.
  • each lath 210 mat have preferably although not necessarily a roughly rectangular section and is preferably but not necessarily about 2-5 cm wide, while the embrasure 220 has a predetermined width among the two strips 210, preferably, but not necessarily, of between about 1 to 2 cm.
  • laths 201 may have a different section from rectangular section above disclosed and the ceiling 100 may have the shape of a vault and therefore the plaster-holding timber frame 200 may have an arcuate/curved shape.
  • the plaster layer 300 may comprise a solid mixture based on lime and calcium carbonate (limestone), and has an upper surface 300a (opposite to the bottom surface 110 in sight), which covers the lower surface 200a of the plaster-holding timber frame 200, in such a way as to form a homogeneous layer of coverage of predetermined thickness which seeps into/partially protrudes towards plaster-holding timber frame 200, inside the embrasures 220, in order to form stiff crests or ribs 310 among the laths 210, structured to anchor the layer of plaster 300 to the timber frame holding the plaster 200.
  • lime and calcium carbonate limestone
  • crests or ribs 310 may be comprised in a render (render-float) sub-layer of the plaster layer 300 (in Italian "strato di intonaco di rinzaffo e/o arriccio").
  • the present invention is essentially based on the principle of providing an anchoring mechanical structure or system 1, which is structured to be connected to the upper surface 300a of the plaster layer 300, preferably to the render (render-float) plaster sub-layer, in correspondence of a plurality of fixing points, and it extends above the upper surface 200b of the plaster-holding timber frame 200 in such a way as to lean/rest on the same in order to mechanically anchor the plaster layer 310 to the plaster-holding timber frame 200 and/or consolidate the mechanical anchoring of the same.
  • an anchoring mechanical structure or system 1 which is structured to be connected to the upper surface 300a of the plaster layer 300, preferably to the render (render-float) plaster sub-layer, in correspondence of a plurality of fixing points, and it extends above the upper surface 200b of the plaster-holding timber frame 200 in such a way as to lean/rest on the same in order to mechanically anchor the plaster layer 310 to the plaster-holding timber frame 200 and/or consolidate the mechanical anchoring of the same.
  • the mechanical anchoring member 2 is structured to be connected integrally with the plaster layer 300, preferably with the ribs 310, and extends on either side of the ribs 310 above the upper surface 200b of the plaster-holding timber frame 200 in order to lean on the same, so as to realize a mechanical anchor from above onto the plaster layer 300.
  • the mechanical anchoring structure 1 is provided with a plurality of anchoring members 2 comprising an anchoring portion designed to be coupled in a stable manner with the plaster layer 300 in correspondence to the fixing points, and a support portion, which is shaped so as to extend above, and leaning on the upper surface 200b of the plaster-holding timber frame 200 so as to at least partly lean on the same.
  • the anchoring portion of the anchoring member 2 comprises a preferably straight anchoring stem 3 realized in hard and/or elastic material, for example a metallic material preferably steel or carbon fiber or any other similar material, which is inserted in a blind hole 5 preferably made in the rib 310, and it is firmly fastened, i.e. in an integral manner, to the body of the rib 310 through a fixing mixture injected into the hole 5.
  • a metallic material preferably steel or carbon fiber or any other similar material
  • a fixing mixture comprising calcium carbonate, gypsum, and an acrylic or vinyl resin advantageously enables on the one hand to ensure the fixing of the anchoring stem 3 to the rib 310 of the plaster, and secondly ensures a certain degree of elasticity of the anchor.
  • the hole 5 may be preferably formed in the central part of the top of the rib 310 and it extends inside the rib 310 towards the lower surface 110 along a preferably transverse direction to the longitudinal axis A and to the laths 210, while the anchoring stem 3 is inserted into the hole 5 in such a way that its upper end at least partially comes out from the mouth of the hole 5 itself.
  • anchoring member 2 is further provided with a support portion comprising a support beam 4, which is connected in the middle to the upper end of the anchoring stem 3, extends on either side of the rib 310 in a direction preferably substantially transverse to the anchoring stem 3, and is structured in such a way as to lean at least partially on the upper surface of the support laths 210 which are adjacent to the embrasure 220 containing the rib 310.
  • the support beam 4 and the anchoring stem 3 may be made of hard and/or elastic material such as steel or carbon fiber or any similar material, and may be connected firmly to one another.
  • the anchoring element 2 may comprise a T-shaped element designed to be inserted in the hole 5 according to the example shown in Figure 3 .
  • the support beam 4 may be structured to be connected firmly but still in a easily removable manner to the anchoring stem 3.
  • the upper end of the anchoring stem 3 may be conveniently shaped in order to present a hole passing throughout crosswise the anchoring stem 3, inside of which is possible to insert/withdraw the support beam 4. Therefore, the support beam 4 can be joint/disjoint advantageously just as quickly and easily to the anchoring stem 3 and enables to obtain a reversible anchoring.
  • the support beam 4 may, however, be joined in a stable but removable manner to anchoring stem 3 through any mechanical joining system (not shown).
  • the method for consolidating the anchoring of the plaster layer 300 to the frame 200 may include the following operative steps.
  • the method may include the step of removing, from the embrasures 220, the portions of crumbled plaster belonging to the ribs 310.
  • the method may include the step of filling the empty spaces present in the embrasures 220 caused by the disintegration of the ribs 310, through the use of a consolidating dough (shown with inclined lines in Figure 16 ).
  • the Applicant has found that by using a consolidating mixture including mostly calcium carbonate and gypsum, on the one hand we may obtain a high degree of fixing of the rebuilt rib 310 to the plaster layer 300 and/or to the existing part (and not crumbled) of the rib 310, and on the other the mixture determines, after its solidification, a narrowing of the width of the rib 310 which, consequently, decouples/detaches itself from the external surfaces of the laths 210 thereby making the mechanical anchoring structure 1 independent from the plaster-holding timber frame 200.
  • a consolidating mixture including mostly calcium carbonate and gypsum
  • the method further comprises the steps of forming at least one blind hole 5 on the ribs 310 preferably in correspondence of the predetermined fixing point ( Figure 17 ), and preferably of injecting a certain amount of consolidating resin in the hole 5 so as to increase both the hardness of the part of rib 310a which surrounds the hole 5, and the elasticity of part itself 310a ( Figure 18 ).
  • the Applicant has found that by injecting into the hole 5, 1-4 milliliters consolidating of resin, preferably 3 milliliters of acrylic or vinyl resin, one may obtain a considerable increase in the hardness and elasticity of the portion of rib 310a subject to the anchor.
  • the consolidating resin injected into the hole 5, thanks to its composition, is absorbed by the portion of rib 310a in particular by the render sub-layer, which surrounds the hole 5 by determining the localized increase of hardness and elasticity of the portion.
  • the method further includes the step of injecting the fixing mixture into the hole 5 ( Figure 19 ) and inserting the anchoring stem 3 of the anchoring device 2 into the hole 5 in such a way that it is embedded/drowned in the fixing mixture, contextually putting the supporting beam 4 leaning on the laths 210 ( Figure 20 ).
  • the fixing mixture preferably comprises calcium carbonate and/or gypsum, an acrylic or vinyl resin and it is enriched with oxygen. The Applicant has found that by enriching the fixing mixture with oxygen there is the achievement of a major increase in the number of air macromolecules present in the structure of the mixture which confers to the latter a high elasticity.
  • the dimensions of the anchoring stem 3, in particular its diameter and length may be varied depending of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the plaster to be anchored, i.e. the thickness of the layer of plaster 300, the height of the ribs 310, and the weight of the portion of the plaster layer 300 that the anchoring element 2 must support.
  • the diameter of the anchoring stem 3 may be roughly between about 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm, preferably 0.2 mm, while its length may be between about 1 and 5 cm, preferably 3 cm. It should be however understood that the size of the hole 5 must be such as to accommodate the stem of anchor 3.
  • the hole 5 may have a diameter comprised between about 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably 3 mm.
  • the number and distribution of the fixing points on the upper surface of the ceiling 100 may vary depending on the intensity of the vibrations to be damped down, and on the distribution of the weight of the plaster layer 300 to be consolidated. Laboratory tests carried out by the Applicant proved that the number of fixing points and thus the number of anchor members 2 used per square meter may be between about 20 and 60 elements/ m 2 .
  • the mechanical anchoring structure in addition to being extremely simple and inexpensive to put in place, it makes the whole operation of anchoring completely reversible, and enables not to affect the fresco in any way, differently from what happens in the known solutions in which it is made use of a consolidating resin. It should be understood that anchoring is preferably made on the render sub-layer without causing weaken on the other plaster sub-layers.
  • the mechanical anchoring realized on the ribs 310 by the anchoring members 2 allows to dampen the vibrations transmitted to the plaster layer 300 by the plaster-holding timber frame 310.
  • the anchoring members 2 made in accordance with the presente invention remain leaning on the laths 210 and, consequently, is able to move smoothly on themselves thus reducing the vibration transmitted to the anchored rib 310.
  • the micro-grinding of the rib 310 is significantly reduced.
  • the Applicant has also found that preferably by interposing a shock absorbing element 6 between the support beam 4 of each anchoring device 3 and the upper surface of the lath 210, it is possible to lower a great deal of the vibrations transmitted from timber frame 200 to the plaster layer 300.
  • the shock absorbing element 5 may include, for example, a cylindrical spring or an annular rubber bearing or anti-vibrating neoprene or any similar material fitting in the anchoring stem 3.
  • the Applicant has also found that preferably by interposing a reticular structure or supporting net or grid 7 between the support beams 4 of the anchorage elements 2, and the upper surface 220b of the plaster holding timber frame 200, the structural elasticity of the ceiling 100 is further increased, and consequently the capacity of the same to withstand mechanical stress caused by high intensity vibrations.
  • the Applicant has realized a different embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6 , in which the mechanical anchoring structure 1 comprises the flat grid 7 which is arranged leaning/resting on the upper surface 200b of the plaster holding timber 200.
  • the upper end of the anchoring stem 3 is put inside an opening in the grid 7 in such a way as to stick out at least partially above the grid itself, while the support beam 4 is coupled to the upper end of the stem 3 and is disposed resting on the upper face of the grid 7.
  • the grid 7 increases the elasticity of the mechanical anchoring structure 1 as well as the ability to maintain the anchored layer of plaster 300 even in case of high vibrations.
  • the net or grid 7 is able to make slight shifts on the upper surface 220b of the plaster holding timber frame 200 and simultaneously enables the ends of the anchoring stems 3 to shift freely a few millimeters within the openings of the grid 7 and enables the beams 4 to slide a few millimeter or the surface 220b of the grid. Therefore in the case of major vibration, thanks to the combining of the anchoring members 2 to the grid 7, the anchoring structure 1 shows an elastic behavior which allows to dampen the vibrations transmitted from the frame 200, while ensuring a stable anchoring of the plaster layer 300 below.
  • the grid 7 may be preferably shaped so as to present one or more transversal sections to the longitudinal axis A, shaped as an inverted V forming cross channels for ventilation/air passage designed to increase, on the one hand, the degree of transpiration of the plaster layer 300 and of the laths 210, and on the other hand, the carrying capacity of the anchoring structure 1.
  • the grid 7 may be made in metallic or plastic material such as polyvinyl-acrylate and/or glass fiber and/or carbon fiber or similar.
  • the grid 7 may be metallic and correspond, for example, to the one called "Pernevometal" (registered trademark), made by Logitec System SRL.
  • the mechanical anchoring structure 1 may comprises preferably although not necessarily a layer of carbonate mortar 9 made mostly by calcium carbonate, gypsum and an acrylic resin.
  • the mortar layer 9 extends on the upper surface of the grid 7 of predetermined thickness, and is permanently fixed to the latter or to the ribs 310, if present, through the openings in the grid 7 itself.
  • the mechanical anchoring structure 1 may also comprise preferably although not necessarily at least one net or mesh 10 of elastic and flexible material, for example of elastomeric material, which may be embedded within the layer of carbonate mortar 9, if the latter is present, and is arranged on a flat surface substantially parallel to the metal grid 7.
  • the Applicant has found that the use of the mesh 10 in elastic and flexible material, also gives a certain elasticity to the layer of carbonate mortar 9 and, consequently, increases the overall elasticity of the mechanical anchoring structure 1.
  • the method for consolidating the anchoring of the plaster layer 300 to the plaster holding timber frame 200 based on the example shown in Figures 5 and 6 comprises the following steps. Preferably but not necessarily, the method may involve the step of removing the portions of crumbling plaster belonging to the ribs 310 from the embrasures 220.
  • the method may include the step of filling the empty spaces present in the embrasures 220, caused by the disintegration of the ribs 310, with the consolidating mixture, in order to rebuild or complete the crumbling ribs 310 within the embrasures 220.
  • the method may further comprise the step of forming holes 5 on the ribs 310 in correspondence of the predetermined fixing points.
  • the method may further comprises the steps of:
  • an end of the anchoring stem of the threaded stem 4 extends outside from the mouth of the hole 5 and is sliding inserted inside of an striker element, i.e. a washer, which is preferably arranged in abutment/rest on the layer of carbonate mortar 9, if the latter is present, i.e. on the upper surface 220b of the plaster holding timber frame 200, whereas a first elastic damper element corresponding for example to a spring is fitted in the anchoring stem 4 between the head 12a of the screw 12 and the washer 14 and is designed to elastically oppose the movement of the head 12a toward the washer 14, i.e. the anchoring stem toward down under the action of the weight of the plaster layer 300.
  • an striker element i.e. a washer
  • the Applicant has found that using an elastic damper element 16 arranged between the head 12a and the washer 14 allows to further increase the damping of vibrations that plaster holding timber frame 200 transmits to the plaster layer 300.
  • first elastic damper element 16 allows to detect/determine based on of its compression a critical condition indicating a possible detachment of the plaster layer 300 from plaster holding timber frame 200.
  • the critical condition may be detected/determined when the distance between the head 12a and the washer 14 is preferably lower or equal to D1.
  • the Applicant has found that it is possible to regulate/control the damping degree/level of the plaster layer 300 and signal the critical condition, by calibrating the elastic constant spring of the spring 16.
  • the first elastic damper element 16 may be provided with annular colored portions, which, during the spring compression, superimpose one to another in order to highlight a prefixed color such that reaching of critical condition is signaled.
  • anchoring element 2 corresponding to the screw 12 differs from anchoring element 2 of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 10 e 11 , because it comprises a second elastic damper element 19, i.e. a spring, which is fitted in the portion of anchoring stem 14 which is in turn inserted in the hole 5 and is arranged between the nut 13 and the washer 14.
  • a second elastic damper element 19 i.e. a spring
  • the Applicant has found that combined using of the first 16 and second elastic damper elements 15 further increase the damping of vibrations that plaster holding timber frame 200 transmits to the plaster layer 300.
  • the anchoring portion of the anchoring member 2 comprises a first segment/portion 20 of at least one metal wire inserted in the hole 5 and embedded in the latter preferably by means of the fixing mixture, whereas the support portion of the anchoring member 2 comprises a second segment/portion 21 of the same thin metal wire.
  • the second segment/portion 21 extends upon the wooden laths 210 and connect the first segment/portion 20 of two or more anchoring members 2.
  • the first 20 and second segments/portions 21 of a number of anchoring members 2 may be parts of a single wire and are obtained by folding said metal wire in more points in order to be inserted in the hole 5.
  • an free end of the first segment/portion 20 arranged outside from the hole may be substantially shaped as an eyelet, whereas the second segments/portions 21 is partially inserted in the eyelet.
  • the mechanical structure of anchoring 1 comprises the flexible mesh 10 interposed between the second segments/portions 21 of the wires and the upper surface 200b of the plaster holding timber 200.
  • the mechanical structure of anchoring 1 further preferably comprise a thin layer of carbonate mortar 9, which extends upon the flexible mesh 10 to embed the latter, such that an elastic and stable connection is provided.
  • the Applicant has found that by using a thin steel wire, a simple and cheaper anchoring mechanical structure is obtained, imperceptible to see and thus not aesthetically degrading, wherein the vibration are reduced and at the same time anchoring in the ceiling presenting a thin plaster layer is assured.
  • Figures 21-23 illustrate anchoring structures which are not in accordance with the present invention, wherein the mechanical structure of anchoring 1 may comprise one or more blind holes 5, which instead of being made in the ribs 310, as disclosed in the several embodiments illustrated in Figures 1-20 , are made in the wooden laths 210 and each of them presents a first portion, which extends inside of the lath 210 and a second portion which protrudes under the lath 210 and extends in the plaster layer 300 beneath.
  • the mechanical structure of anchoring 1 may comprise one or more blind holes 5, which instead of being made in the ribs 310, as disclosed in the several embodiments illustrated in Figures 1-20 , are made in the wooden laths 210 and each of them presents a first portion, which extends inside of the lath 210 and a second portion which protrudes under the lath 210 and extends in the plaster layer 300 beneath.
  • the anchoring portion of the anchoring member 2 is inserted in the blind hole 5 and is assigned/set such that it extends at least partially inside the second portion of the blind hole 5 made in the plaster layer 300, whereas support portion of the anchoring member 2 which is outer of the first portion of the blind hole 5 extends upon the upper surface 200b of the plaster holding timber 200 to lean on the latter.
  • the anchoring portion of the anchoring member 2 may be further made integral with the plaster layer 300 inside of the second portion of the hole 5, by the fixing mixture in the analog manner of the embodiments disclosed above.
  • the anchoring members 2 may be conveniently connected one to the other by one or more profiles, preferably straight and preferably made in flexible material, which are arranged to rest on the upper surface (300a) facing the plaster-holding timber frame (200).
  • the anchoring mechanical structure assures fixing of high loaded, i.e. heavy plaster layer to the plaster-holding timber frame also when it is subjected to external vibrations/mechanical stress, granting an high security for people inside the buildings.
  • anchoring mechanical structure made according to the present invention allows transpiration of the fresco that does not deteriorate. Moreover the anchoring mechanical structure is reversible, i.e. is uncoupled from the plaster layer at any instant and allows therefore to recover and/or remove the plaster layer from the ceiling.
  • the anchoring mechanical structure is cheaper to be made and being very simple it may be quickly installed from not-skilled operators.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Claims (14)

  1. Structure d'ancrage (1) conçue pour ancrer une couche de plâtre (300) sur une ossature porte-plâtre en bois (200) d'un plafond de bâtiment (100) ; ladite structure d'ancrage comprenant une ossature porte-plâtre en bois (200) et une couche de plâtre (300) ; ladite ossature porte-plâtre (200) étant structurée pour avoir des fentes (220) ; ladite couche de plâtre (300) étant structurée pour avoir une surface supérieure (300a) faisant face à l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) et est formée afin de glisser/être au moins partiellement insérée dans les fentes (220) afin de former des nervures d'ancrage (310) ;
    ladite structure d'ancrage (1) comprenant en outre une pluralité d'éléments d'ancrage mécaniques (2) comprend des parties d'ancrage (3) ; et
    un mélange de fixation ;
    caractérisée en ce que lesdits éléments d'ancrage mécaniques (2) sont fermement raccordés uniquement aux nervures (310) et/ou à la couche de plâtre (300) au niveau d'une pluralité de points de fixation placés sur ladite surface supérieure (300a) de la couche de plâtre (300) elle-même, et s'étendent sur l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) afin de s'appuyer sur la surface supérieure (200b) de l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) ;
    lesdites parties d'ancrage (3) étant fermement insérées dans des trous borgnes (5) qui sont réalisés dans les nervures (310) et/ou dans la couche de plâtre (300) dans lesdits points de fixation ;
    dans laquelle ledit mélange de fixation est injecté dans les trous borgnes (5) pour enfoncer ladite partie d'ancrage uniquement à l'intérieur du trou (5) afin d'amener l'élément d'ancrage (2) à être fixé uniquement sur la couche de plâtre (300) afin de réaliser un ancrage mécanique depuis le dessus sur la couche de plâtre (300).
  2. Structure d'ancrage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit élément d'ancrage (2) comprend en outre une partie de support (4) (21), qui est formée pour être agencée essentiellement à cheval sur au moins une nervure (310) et s'étend sur l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) afin de s'appuyer au moins partiellement sur la surface supérieure (200b) de l'ossature porte-plâtre (200).
  3. Structure d'ancrage selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle ladite partie de support (4) et ladite partie d'ancrage (3) dudit élément d'ancrage (2) sont raccordées entre elles d'une manière ferme, mais facilement amovible.
  4. Structure d'ancrage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant au moins un filet ou grille de support (7) qui est agencé(e)/intercalé(e) entre ladite partie de support (4) dudit élément d'ancrage (2) et la surface supérieure (200b) de ladite ossature porte-plâtre (200).
  5. Structure d'ancrage selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle ledit filet ou grille de support (7) a des segments en forme de V en diagonale qui forment des canaux de passage d'air entre la couche de plâtre (300) et l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) .
  6. Structure d'ancrage selon la revendication 4 ou 5, comprenant une couche de carbonate à base de carbonate de calcium (9) qui s'étend sur ladite grille de support (7), et/ou au moins une maille (10) réalisée avec un matériau souple, qui s'étend parallèlement à ladite grille de support (7) et est raccordée auxdits éléments d'ancrage mécaniques (2).
  7. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, dans laquelle la partie d'ancrage (3) dudit élément d'ancrage (2) comprend une tige d'ancrage (3) insérée/mise en prise dans ledit trou (5) ; ladite partie de support dudit élément d'ancrage (2) comprend une poutre de support (4) qui est raccordée à la tige d'ancrage (3) et s'étend dans une direction localement essentiellement en diagonale vers la tige d'ancrage (3) et est structurée afin de s'appuyer partiellement sur la surface supérieure (200b) de l'ossature porte-plâtre (200).
  8. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite partie d'ancrage (3) dudit élément d'ancrage (2) comprend une tige ayant une première extrémité filetée vissée sur un écrou (13) et/ou une tête (12a) qui est fermement raccordée à une seconde extrémité de ladite tige opposée à la première extrémité ; ladite tête (12a) ou une partie interne de la tige filetée ou dudit écrou (13) étant fermement prise au piège à l'intérieur dudit trou (5).
  9. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les éléments d'ancrage (2) comprennent au moins un élément d'amortissement (6) intercalé entre la partie de support (4) et la surface supérieure (200b) de l'ossature porte-plâtre (200).
  10. Structure selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle l'élément d'ancrage (2) comprend un premier élément d'amortissement élastique (16) qui est monté dans la tige d'ancrage (3) afin d'être agencé à l'extérieur du trou (5) entre la première ou la seconde extrémité de la tige d'ancrage (3) elle-même et un élément de percuteur (14) supporté par la surface supérieure (200b) de l'ossature porte-plâtre (200).
  11. Structure selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle l'élément d'ancrage (2) comprend un second élément d'amortissement élastique (19) qui est monté dans la tige d'ancrage (3) afin d'être agencé à l'intérieur du trou (5) entre la première ou la seconde extrémité de la tige d'ancrage (3) elle-même et ledit élément de percuteur (14) supporté par la surface supérieure (200b) de l'ossature porte-plâtre (200).
  12. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite partie d'ancrage dudit élément d'ancrage (2) comprend un premier segment/partie (20) d'au moins un fil métallique mis en prise/inséré dans ledit trou (5) et enfoncé dans ce dernier au moyen dudit mélange de fixation, alors que la partie de support des éléments d'ancrage (2) comprend un second segment/partie (21) d'un fil métallique fin fermement raccordé au premier segment/partie (20).
  13. Structure selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle le second segment (21) de fil métallique s'étend sur l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) et raccorde les premiers segments de fil (20) des deux éléments d'ancrage ou plus (2) entre eux.
  14. Procédé pour ancrer une couche de plâtre (300) à une ossature porte-plâtre en bois (200) d'un plafond de bâtiment (100) ; ladite ossature porte-plâtre (200) étant structurée afin d'avoir des fentes (220) ; ledit revêtement de couche de plâtre (300) étant structuré pour avoir une surface supérieure (300a) faisant face à l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) et formé afin de glisser/être inséré dans les fentes (220) pour former des nervures d'ancrage (310) ;
    ledit procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    agencer une pluralité d'éléments d'ancrage mécaniques (2) s'appuyant sur la surface supérieure (200b) de l'ossature porte-plâtre (200), et
    raccorder fermement lesdits éléments d'ancrage mécaniques (2) uniquement à la couche de plâtre (300) à une pluralité de points de fixation placés sur ladite surface supérieure (300a) de la couche de plâtre ;
    lesdits éléments d'ancrage (2) comprenant :
    une partie d'ancrage conçue pour être fermement couplée à une nervure (310) et/ou à la couche de plâtre (300), et une partie de support, qui est formée afin de s'étendre sur la surface supérieure (200b) de l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) pour s'appuyer au moins partiellement sur la surface supérieure (200b) de l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) ;
    ledit procédé étant caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    réaliser un trou borgne (5) dans la couche de plâtre (300) à un point de fixation ;
    injecter une quantité donnée de résine de renforcement (15) dans le trou (5) afin d'augmenter à la fois la dureté et l'élasticité de la couche de plâtre (300) qui entoure au moins un segment du trou (5) ;
    mettre en prise la partie d'ancrage de l'élément d'ancrage (2) à l'intérieur du trou (5) afin de placer la partie de support s'appuyant sur l'ossature porte-plâtre (200) ;
    injecter un mélange de fixation dans ledit trou (5) afin d'enfoncer ladite partie d'ancrage de l'élément d'ancrage (2) dans le trou (5) afin de rendre l'élément d'ancrage (2) solidaire uniquement avec la couche de plâtre (300) pour réaliser spécifiquement un ancrage mécanique depuis le dessus sur la couche de plâtre (300).
EP13180003.9A 2012-08-10 2013-08-09 Structure d'ancrage et procédé pour couche de plâtre à fresque sur ossature bois supportant le plâtre en bois d'un plafond de bâtiment Active EP2696009B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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IT000161A ITTV20120161A1 (it) 2012-08-10 2012-08-10 Struttura e metodo per ancorare uno strato di intonaco ad una intelaiatura porta-intonaco in legno di un soffitto di un edificio

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EP2696009B1 true EP2696009B1 (fr) 2018-10-03

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IT201600074430A1 (it) * 2016-07-15 2018-01-15 Walter Fiorin Sistema elastico di ancoraggio per consolidare l'ancoraggio di uno strato di intonaco ad una struttura portaintonaco di un edificio
WO2018021502A1 (fr) * 2016-07-29 2018-02-01 学校法人工学院大学 Procédé de réparation de plafonds et procédé de réparation de murs

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US733671A (en) * 1903-05-02 1903-07-14 Martin Murray Ceiling-anchor.
GB475347A (en) * 1936-02-17 1937-11-17 Joseph Leslie Musgrave Improvements in connection with the heating and cooling of buildings
US2598984A (en) * 1946-10-29 1952-06-03 Frederick M Eslick Reinforced plastic patch for walls
GB710166A (en) * 1952-04-21 1954-06-09 British Plaster Board Ltd Fixing means for use in mounting plaster, fibre and like boards in building structures
US5697195A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-12-16 Alabama Metal Industries Corporation Plaster security barrier system
DE19651989A1 (de) * 1996-12-13 1998-06-18 Paul Kramer Wärmedämmverbundsystem, Mauerwerksstein und Anker hierfür, sowie hiermit gebildete wärmegedämmte Wand
CA2617387C (fr) * 2005-08-02 2016-03-29 Rory E. Brennan Compositions et procedes d'adherence

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