EP3269897B1 - Ancrage élastique de couches de plâtre - Google Patents

Ancrage élastique de couches de plâtre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3269897B1
EP3269897B1 EP17181564.0A EP17181564A EP3269897B1 EP 3269897 B1 EP3269897 B1 EP 3269897B1 EP 17181564 A EP17181564 A EP 17181564A EP 3269897 B1 EP3269897 B1 EP 3269897B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
plaster layer
spring
anchoring
support structure
springs
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EP17181564.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3269897A1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Fiorin
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
    • E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an anchoring elastic system structured to strengthen the anchorage performed by a plaster-holding structure of a building on a plaster layer.
  • the invention concerns the elastic fixing - to a plaster-holding structure - of a plaster layer, preferably with frescos and/or decorated, of a preferably ancient building, such as a villa or a cathedral, or a church, or similar valuable ancient structures with frescos, to which explicit reference will be made in the description below without because of this loosing in generality.
  • the mixture layer created by so doing comprised stiff anchoring tongues or ribs, which project from the top surface of the layer, so as to be fitted between the slits of the support structure.
  • the solidification and consolidation of the plaster (plaster carbonatation process) cause the ribs (and, hence, the plaster) to hang from/be anchored to the laths.
  • Ceilings built with the technique described above are subjected to the formation of cracks/fissures and/or to the detachment of significant portions of the plaster layer from the framework, thus causing evident problems both for the safety of people and or objects standing under the ceiling and in terms of damaging of decorations and/or frescos made on the plaster.
  • the detachment of the plaster layer from the framework is usually caused by the vibrations produced by sources of noise present in or passing by the buildings. External vibrations, when they hit the building, are transferred to the plaster layer of the ceiling through the roof structure, thus causing its damaging.
  • the detachment of the plaster layer from the framework is further caused by thermo-hygrometric sudden changes generated both by heating systems and by humidity variations taking place in the area of the ceiling, mainly due to the people present in the building, especially in churches/cathedrals.
  • Humidity variations cause different size variations of the laths and of the plaster layer, which cause a progressive crumbling of the ribs, which - hence - weaken the mechanical anchoring of the plaster to the framework, until it completely ceases to exists, thus causing the detachment.
  • Some systems that are currently largely used to solve the technical problems described above involve pouring, onto the top surface of the framework, a consolidating liquid resin of the film-like type, which penetrates the space comprised between the ribs and the laths and gets into the slits of the laths, so as to impregnate the portions of plaster and the laths, thus causing them to be integral with one another.
  • the distribution of the resin on the extrados surface and the degree of penetration thereof into the plaster layer can hardly be controlled.
  • the resin completely crosses the plaster layer until it reaches the outer surface and accidentally also impregnates the fresco, thus incorporating - in the visible surface thereof - oxides and/or particles that have deposited on the fresco over time.
  • the presence of consolidated resin on the fresco causes an irreversible deterioration and, hence, a damage of the fresco.
  • the resin can be removed only with solvents that, however, on the one hand, remove the oxides and/or particles incorporated in the resin, but, on the other hand, heavily affect the pigments of the fresco, thus damaging them permanently.
  • the resin forms a film that covers the plaster layer and the laths, thus reducing the transpiration and dehumidification thereof.
  • This reduction causes, on the one hand, a progressive oxidation of the fresco, which gets darker as time goes by, and, on the other hand, the formation of a barrier that prevents the relative humidity present inside the building from correctly going through the ceiling and freely flow outwards.
  • the resin selectively penetrates the crumbled portions of the ribs, so as to form a partial waterproofing of the ceiling that covers the ribs, thus leaving the laths uncovered.
  • the humidity present in the ceiling concentrates in the laths, thus determining a high size variation thereof and causing a greater erosion of the ribs.
  • the Applicant designed a mechanical anchoring structure to steadily anchor the plaster layer to the support layer of a ceiling of a building, which is described in European patent application EP 2 696 009 A1 filed by the Applicant. Even though the mechanical anchoring structure described in EP 2 696 009 A1 is particularly advantageous, the Applicant wants to find a solution that further improves anchoring performances.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an anchoring elastic structure, which, on the one hand, is capable of assisting the plaster-holding structure in keeping the plaster layer anchored to the structure itself and, on the other hand, at the same time, is capable of expelling the humidity/water accumulated in the plaster layer, so as to cause a drying thereof.
  • number 100 indicates, as a whole, an example of a vertical section of the structure of a ceiling of a building, preferably an ancient one (which is shown only partially and in a schematic manner, with enlarged parts and removed parts for greater clarity), for example a villa or a church or a cathedral or any other similar ancient building.
  • the ceiling structure shown in Figure 1 is merely an example and is not limiting for the purposes of the invention.
  • the invention can conveniently be used also in ceilings having a structure that is different from the one shown and described hereinafter, or in vertical walls of a building, which have at least one plaster layer and a plaster layer support structure.
  • the ceiling has a bottom surface (110) (commonly referred to with the technical term "intrados”), which faces the inner space of the building and can preferably - though not necessarily - be decorated and/or frescoed, and an top surface 120 (commonly referred to with the technical term “extrados”), which preferably faces the roof (garret) of the building.
  • the ceiling 100 comprises a support structure 220 and at least one plaster layer 300 with a predetermined thickness, which is integral with the support structure 200.
  • the support structure 200 can be obtained through a plaster-holding framework, which can be connected - in a known manner - to the walls and/or the roof of the building (for example, through beams that are properly connected to one another and to the building) and can be structured so as to hold the plaster layer 300 anchored to the bottom surface 200a of the support structure 200.
  • the plaster layer 300 extends so as to cover the bottom surface 200a of the support structure 200, thus forming the bottom surface 110 of the ceiling 100.
  • the plaster-holding framework making up the support structure 200 in the example shown, it extends along a preferably horizontal plane and comprises a plurality of beam of laths 210.
  • the laths 210 extend parallel to one another, so as to be approximately coplanar, and are spaced apart from one another, so as to delimit grooves or slits 220 between one another.
  • the laths 210 of the support structure 200 can be made of wood and/or stone and/or earthenware or similar materials (namely, any other so-called mineral support), which are suited to support the plaster layer 300.
  • the laths 210 can have a substantially rectangular section and have a width that preferably - though not necessarily - ranges from 2 to 5 cm, whereas the slit 220 can have a predetermined width between two laths 210 that preferably - though not necessarily - ranges from 1 to 2 cm.
  • flat and horizontal structure of the ceiling 100 described above and shown in figure 1 is not limiting for the purposes of the invention, but it is was exclusively used to make the description of the invention clearer.
  • the structure of the ceiling 100 instead of being horizontal and flat, as provided for by the description and the drawings of this patent application, could have different shapes, such as - for example - the shape of a semi-spherical cap having a circular, elliptical, polygonal plan, and a vertical section with the shape of a semicircle, a parabola or the like (not shown).
  • the plaster layer 300 can comprise a solid mixture including lime and calcium carbonate or similar materials.
  • the plaster layer 300 has a top surface 300a (opposite the visible bottom surface 110), which covers the bottom surface 200a of the support structure 200, so as to form a homogeneous covering layer with a predetermined thickness, and partially penetrates/projects into the top slits 220 of the support structure 200, in order to form rigid crests or ribs 310 between the laths 210, which are structured to remain trapped between two adjacent laths 210, so as to anchor the plaster layer 300 to the support structure 200.
  • number 1 further indicates, as a whole, the present invention concerning an anchoring elastic system comprising a plurality of elastic organs, which are designed to strengthen/restore/maintain the fixing/anchoring of a least one plaster layer 300 to the support structure 200 above, so as to prevent it from detaching from the support structure itself.
  • the anchoring elastic system 1 is aimed at "assisting" the support structure 200 in keeping the plaster layer 300 anchored to the structure 200.
  • the anchoring elastic system 1 strengthens the anchorage that is mainly performed by the support structure 200 on the plaster layer 300, so as to prevent and/or limit the detachment of the plaster layer 330 due to the causes described above.
  • one or more elastic means perform an anchoring and vibration dampening function, and are each provided with a wire helical tubular anchoring spring 5, which extends along a longitudinal axis A and consists, in turn, of a first helical tubular portion 5a, which is structured to be arranged so as to rest/strike against the top surface 200b of the support structure 200, and a second helical tubular portion 5b, which is structured to be fitted, in use, into a preferably dead hole 4, which, in the example shown, is made so as to project/protrude in the plaster layer 300, through the surface 300a, which faces the support structure 200.
  • the hole 4 can be made so as to have the opening on the top surface 200b and cross the support structure 200 as well as, at least partially, the plaster layer 300 starting from the surface 300a.
  • the first 5a and the second tubular portion 5b of the tubular spring 5 are shaped to as to be about mushroom-shaped and comprise respective filiform cylindrical windings, which are formed by spires arranged beside one another, which extend side by side and coaxial to the axis A.
  • the first top portion 5a is shaped so as to approximately form a cylindrical cup-shaped body, with a central hole in its base/bottom wall, and defines the head of the mushroom, whereas the second bottom tubular portion 5b projects from the base/bottom of the first portion 5a along the axis A and is approximately shaped like an elongated cylinder defining the stem.
  • the first tubular portion 5a has an outer diameter that is greater than the diameter of the hole 4 and, in the example shown, is arranged with its base striking against the top surface 200b of the support structure 200, whereas the second tubular portion 5b has an outer diameter that is smaller than the diameter of the hole 4, so as to be easily inserted/fitted into the latter.
  • the springs 5 can be structured so that the relative spires have a constant pitch. In the rest condition, each spire of the spring 5 can preferably strike against the adjacent spire/s, so as to be side by side with them.
  • the parameters characterizing the springs 5 making up the structure 1, namely the composition, the length, the elastic constant, the number of spires, the outer diameter, the section of the wire, the distribution/positioning of the springs 5 on the surface 300a, for example their mutual distance and the mutual distance of the holes 4, substantially depend - at least - on the thickness of the plaster layer 300 and on the load/weight of the plaster layer 300 to be supported.
  • springs 5 that are dimensioned so as to have a first portion 5a having an outer diameter ranging from about 6 mm to about 10 mm, preferably 8 mm, and a second portion 5b having an outer diameter ranging from about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, preferably 2 mm.
  • first portion 5a and the second portion 5b of the tubular spring 5 can have a tubular shape other than the one described above, such as, for example, the shape of a truncated cone and/or of a cone, whereas the length of the second portion 5b basically depends on the thickness of the support structure 200 and on the depth of the hole 4.
  • the length of the second portion 5b can correspond, for example, to the sum of the thickness of the support structure 200 and the depth of the hole 4 in the plaster layer 300.
  • one or more holes 4 of the anchoring elastic structure 1 can be preferably made in the ribs 310, whereas the first portions 5a of the springs 5 are arranged so as to rest on the top face of the laths 210 and one or more second portions 5b are fitted into the holes 4 made in the ribs 310.
  • the Applicant further found out that, when the force exerted by the plaster layer 300 causes the plastic deformation of the tubular spring 5, the latter collapses and lengthens until it reaches a maximum extension in which it conveniently keeps the plaster layer 300 anchored to the support structure 200.
  • the plaster layer 300 collapses and lengthens until it reaches a maximum extension in which it conveniently keeps the plaster layer 300 anchored to the support structure 200.
  • it is obtained both the advantage of conveniently preventing the plaster layer 300 from falling towards the floor below, thus causing a condition of danger for the people standing there, besides the disruption of the fresco, and the advantage of subsequently being able to take the plaster layer 300 back to the initial position of anchoring to the support structure 200, in which - then - the plaster layer 300 can be fixed to the support structure 200.
  • the tubular spring 5 thanks to its structure with wound spires, defines an inner duct, which establishes a communication between the wall of the hole 4 and the air on the outside of the hole 4, thus conveniently determining a local dehumidification of the plaster layer 300 surrounding the hole 4.
  • the plaster layer 330 because of the reasons described above, tends to accumulate water/humidity, which, in turn, contains hygroscopic salts.
  • the natural drying of the plaster layer 300 causes the crystallization of the hygroscopic salts inside the plaster layer 300, which increase their volume up to sixteen times the initial condition.
  • the helical spring 5 axially deforms/stretches upwards in a controlled manner under the pressure due to the expansion of the salts, thus causing micro-movements thereof in the hole 4, which progressively push them out of the hole 4. Furthermore, during the deformation of the spring 5, its spires move apart from one another, thus increasing the area of contact between the expelled salts recovered/contained in the spring 5 and the wall of the hole 4, thus determining - for the salts - a progressively increasing rise in the absorption of the water present in the plaster layer.
  • the spring 5 protects the hole from 4 from micro-grinding, as the diameter of the helical spring 5 progressively decreases.
  • the absence of micro-grinding is clearly convenient especially in the presence of frescos/decorations on the plaster layer.
  • the distal end of the second portion 5b of the tubular spring 5 present inside the hole 4 can conveniently be made integral with the inner wall of the hole 4, namely with the plaster layer 300, through a fastening/gluing material M.
  • the fastening/gluing material M can conveniently comprise a mixture or a liquid mix with adhesive material and/or resins.
  • the liquid/half-liquid mixture can consist of one or more crystallizing resins, such as, for example, epoxy resins and/or polyurethane resins.
  • the Applicant found out that, by exclusively fixing the distal end of the second portion 5b of the tubular spring 5 to the plaster layer 300 through the injection of a given quantity of fastening/gluing material M into the hole 4, the remaining part of the tubular body 5 is free to deform both longitudinally (i.e. axially) along the axis A and radially, thus supporting the exchange between the external air and the humidity present in the plaster layer 300, inside the hole 4.
  • the anchoring elastic system 1 can preferably comprise, furthermore, one or more elastic signalling organs, which are structured to visually signal a condition of presence/absence of a detachment of the plaster layer 300 from the support structure 200, so as to allow users to monitor the plaster layer 300.
  • the elastic signalling organs are each provided with a monitoring spring 3, which, similarly to the anchoring spring 5, comprises a first tubular portion 3a, which rests on the top surface 200b of the support structure 200, and a second portion 3b, which is fitted into the hole 4.
  • the first portion 3a of the spring 3 is tubular, whereas the second portion 3b of the spring 3 comprises a filiform stem, which is defined by an extension of an end of the first tubular portion 3a.
  • the first portion 3a of the spring 3 always has a substantially cylindrical shape coaxial to the axis A and is preferably formed by helical spires that, in the rest position, are preferably axially spaced apart from one another.
  • the filiform stem defining the second portion 3b of the spring extends starting from a filiform end (the top one in Figure 1 ) of the first portion 3a, which is opposite relative to the respective resting base thereof on the top surface 200b, and centrally crosses the inner duct of the first portion 3a along a substantially straight direction parallel to the axis A, in order to then extend inside the hole 4.
  • the monitoring spring 3 is structured so as to ensure that the first portion 3a, namely the tubular portion 3a is deformed between a resting position indicative of the absence of detachment (shown in Figure 1 ), wherein the first portion 3a is at its maximum longitudinal and radial extension, and a signalling position indicative of the presence of detachment (shown in Figure 6 and 7 ), wherein the first portion 3a is deformed both longitudinally ( Figure 6 ) and radially ( Figure 7 ) in response to traction exerted on the filiform stem by the plaster layer 300 during the detachment thereof from the support structure 200.
  • the first portion 3a in the signalling position, is compressed against the top surface 200b of the support structure 200, thus reducing its length and is outer diameter.
  • the springs 3 and 5 can be made of a metal material, such as, for example, (stainless) steel or titanium, aluminium or copper or any other similar metal alloy.
  • the springs 3 and 5 could also be made of carbon fibre or plastic material and/or with mixtures of epoxy and/or polyurethane resins.
  • the length of the second portion 5a of the spring 5 and the length of the second portion 3a of the spring 3 can further be sized based on the depth of the hole 4 and/or on the (vertical) thickness of the support structure 200 and/or on the height of the slit 220.
  • the anchoring elastic system 1 can further comprises a helical cylindrical sliding spring 11, which is fitted into the hole 4 and/or the slit 220 and can house, on the inside, the filiform stem defining the second portion 3b of the spring 3.
  • the anchoring elastic system 1 can conveniently comprise, furthermore, a mesh, for example a mesh made of a metal material or the like, which rests on the top face 200b of the support structure 200, whereas the springs 5 and 3 are arranged so as to have the relative first portions 5a and 3a resting on the mesh itself and the second portions 5b and 3b fitted into the holes 4 through the through openings present in the mesh.
  • a mesh for example a mesh made of a metal material or the like, which rests on the top face 200b of the support structure 200
  • the springs 5 and 3 are arranged so as to have the relative first portions 5a and 3a resting on the mesh itself and the second portions 5b and 3b fitted into the holes 4 through the through openings present in the mesh.
  • the mesh itself defines a connection structure between the springs, which ensures a complete anchoring of the ceiling layer, even in local areas of the support structure that, after having deteriorated/having been damaged, could not be capable of locally carrying out an anchoring action upon the underlying portion of plaster layer.
  • the method comprises the step of making a plurality of preferably dead holes 4 in the top surface 120 of the plaster layer 300, preferably - though not necessarily - in the ribs 310, in case the support structure 200 comprises the aforesaid framework ( Figures 2 and 3 ), so that the opening of the hole 4 faces the slit 210.
  • the holes 4 can also be directly made in the support structure 200, for example through the laths 210, so as to partially extend in the plaster layer 300.
  • the method according to the invention is not limited to the creation of the holes 4 in the ribs 310, but it can also include the creation of the holes 4 in any other point of the top surface 300a of the plaster layer 300, if necessary by perforating the layers and/or the laths or boards present in the support structure 200 above the plaster layer 300.
  • the depth of the holes 4 in the plaster layer 300 changes according to the dimensions of the springs 5 and 3 and/or to the load/weight of the plaster layer 300 to be supported and to the thickness thereof.
  • the hole 4 can have a depth, in the plaster layer 300, that is approximately equal to half the thickness of the plaster layer 300 itself.
  • the hole 4 could have a depth of about 2.5 mm, whereas, in case the plaster layer has a thickness of 2 cm, the depth of the hole 4 could be about 1 cm.
  • the plaster layer 300 consists of different layers on top of one another, wherein the first layer fulfils the function of "arriccio" provided with the ribs 310 for the anchorage to the support structure, and the last layer, opposite the first one, is frescoed, the portion of hole 4 in the plaster layer 300 can conveniently have a depth that is equal to the thickness of the first layer, namely the arriccio, so as not to affect the frescoed layer.
  • the method comprises the step of injecting a given quantity of liquid fastening/gluing material M into the holes 4.
  • the quantity of material M injected into the hole 4 is adjusted so as to to cover only the end portion of the spring 5 fitted into the hole 4.
  • the method comprises, furthermore, the step of fitting the second tubular portions 5b of the springs 5 into the holes 4, so that, on the one hand, the tubular end (the bottom one in Figure 5 ) of each second portion 5b is immersed in the fastening/gluing material M and, on the other hand, the first portion 5a of each spring 5 is arranged so as to strike/rest against the top surface 200b of the support structure 200 ( Figures 4 and 5 ).
  • the method preferably comprises, furthermore, the step of fitting the second portions 3b defining the filiform stems of the signalling springs 3 into the holes 4, so that, on the one hand, the free end (the bottom one in Figure 5 ) of each stem is buried/immersed in the fastening/gluing material M and, on the other hand, the first portion 3a of each spring 3 is arranged so as to strike/rest against the top surface 200b of the support structure 200 ( Figures 4 and 5 ) in the rest position.
  • the spring 11 the latter is fitted into the hole 4 before fitting the relative spring 3, so as to define a sliding duct for the stem 3b.
  • the presence of the spring 11 prevents the hole 4 from being damaged, namely it forbids the micro-grinding of the inner wall of the hole 4 during the fitting of the stem 3b and/or during the detachment of the plaster layer 300.
  • the plaster layer 300 starts detaching from support structure 200 above, the second portion 5b of the tubular springs 5 elastically deforms along the axis A and elastically counters the detachment itself, causing, at the same time, the partial compression/squeezing of the first portion 5a of the spring 6 on the top surface 200b of the support structure 200.
  • the spring 5 can reach a maximum extension, beyond which the second portion 5b collapses/deforms permanently and stretches, conveniently keeping the plaster layer 300 hanging from the support structure 200 at a predetermined maximum detachment distance. Then, the plaster layer 300 can advantageously be brought back to the starting position by pinching the top ends of the springs 6 and lifting them upwards.
  • the filiform stem defining the second portion 3b of the spring 3 transmits the axial force exerted by the plaster layer 300 to the (top) end of the first portion 3a, thus causing a progressive compression thereof, which depends on the extent of the detachment, namely on the distance of the plaster layer 300 from the support structure 200.
  • the first portion 3a is subjected to a variation of length L1 - L2 between the rest position and the operating position that substantially corresponds to the distance between the plaster layer 300 and the support structure 200 in the detachment position.
  • the anchoring system thanks to the elastic action exerted by the springs, is capable of assisting the main anchoring action carried out by the support structure on the plaster layer, allows users to restore the anchorage of the plaster layer in case of detachment in a simple, economic and quick manner as well as with an extremely reduced impact on the plaster layer, with all the consequent advantages when the plaster layer is frescoed, and performs - at the same time - a humidity removal action, which removes humidity from the plaster layer, thus conveniently determining the drying thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour renforcer l'ancrage d'une couche de plâtre (300) à une structure de maintien de plâtre (200) ; ladite couche de plâtre (300) ayant une première surface (300a) qui est agencée de manière à y faire face et qui se trouve à proximité immédiate d'une première surface (200a) de ladite structure de maintien de plâtre (200),
    ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :
    fournir une pluralité de ressorts (3, 5), dont chacun est constitué par une première partie tubulaire (3a, 5a) et par une deuxième partie (3b, 5b) qui s'étend en saillie à partir de ladite première partie tubulaire (3a, 5a) le long d'un axe longitudinal (A) ;
    former, au moins sur ladite première surface (300a) de la couche de plâtre (300), une pluralité de trous (4) qui s'étendent le long d'axes respectifs approximativement parallèles et espacés les uns des autres ;
    ajuster les deuxièmes parties (3b, 5b) des ressorts (3, 5) dans lesdits trous (4) respectifs de sorte à agencer les premières parties (3a, 5a) respectives reposant sur une deuxième surface (200b) opposée à la première surface (200a) de la structure de support (200) ;
    rendre les deuxièmes parties (3b, 5b) des ressorts (5) (3) solidaires avec les parois intérieures des trous (4) correspondants dans la couche de plâtre (300) à l'aide de moyens de fixation (M) prévus dans les trous (4) eux-mêmes ;
    dans lequel certains desdits ressorts (3, 5) sont des ressorts d'ancrage (5) pour la couche de plâtre (300) et sont constitués chacun par un ressort hélicoïdal en fil approximativement en forme de champignon, dans lequel la première partie (5a) et la deuxième partie (5b) ont une forme cylindrique ou conique et forment respectivement la tête et la tige du ressort (5) ;
    dans lequel lesdits moyens de fixation (M) comprennent un mélange de fixation réalisé en matériau adhésif et/ou en résine ; ledit procédé comprenant l'étape consistant à injecter une quantité prédéterminée dudit mélange de fixation dans ledit trou (4) de sorte à fixer rigidement seulement une partie d'extrémité de ladite deuxième partie (3b, 5b) des ressorts (3, 5) à la paroi intérieure dudit trou (4) dans la couche de plâtre (300).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel certains desdits ressorts (3, 5) sont des ressorts (3) de surveillance pour surveiller l'état de détachement de la couche de plâtre (300), et sont constitués chacun par un ressort hélicoïdal en fil qui a une première partie (3a) tubulaire de forme approximativement cylindrique en conique et une deuxième partie (3b), ladite deuxième partie (3b) étant définie par une tige filiforme qui forme un prolongement de l'extrémité filiforme du haut de ladite première partie (3a) et qui s'étend le long d'une direction sensiblement rectiligne coaxiale audit axe longitudinal (A) de sorte à s'ajuster au moins partiellement dans ledit trou (4).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, comprenant l'étape consistant à ajuster dans ledit trou (4) un ressort (11) hélicoïdal en fil supplémentaire de forme tubulaire interposé entre ladite deuxième partie (3b) du ressort (3) de surveillance et la paroi intérieure dudit trou (4).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel lesdits ressorts (3) de surveillance sont structurés de sorte à garantir que la première partie tubulaire (3a) respective est déformée entre une position de repos indicative de l'absence d'un détachement de la couche de plâtre (300) lorsque ladite première partie (3a) du ressort (3) de surveillance est à son prolongement longitudinal et radial maximal, et une position de signalisation indicative de la présence d'un détachement de la couche de plâtre (300) lorsque ladite première partie (3a) est déformée de manière longitudinale et radiale en réponse à une traction exercée sur la tige filiforme (3b) du ressort (3) de surveillance par la couche de plâtre (300).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdites première (5a) et deuxième (5b) parties du ressort d'ancrage (5) sont structurées pour se déformer simultanément pour contrer élastiquement le détachement de ladite couche de plâtre (300) de ladite structure de support (200).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite deuxième partie (5b) du ressort d'ancrage (5) a un diamètre extérieur compris entre environ 1 et environ 2 mm, et/ou ladite première partie (5a) de celui-ci a un diamètre extérieur compris entre environ 6 mm et environ 8 mm.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans le cas où la couche de plâtre (300) commence à se détacher de la structure de support (200) qui se trouve au-dessus de celle-ci, la deuxième partie (5b) des ressorts d'ancrage (5) se déforme élastiquement le long dudit axe (A) et contre élastiquement le détachement lui-même, provoquant en même temps les compression/pressage partiels de la première partie (5a) du ressort (5) sur la surface du haut (200b) de la structure de support (200).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel ledit ressort (5) d'ancrage est conçu pour atteindre un prolongement maximal, au-delà duquel la deuxième partie (5b) de celui-ci s'affaisse/se déforme de manière permanente et s'étire, gardant la couche de plâtre (300) suspendue à la structure de support (200) à une distance de détachement maximale prédéterminée.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel la couche de plâtre (300) est ramenée à la position de départ en pinçant les extrémités du haut des ressorts d'ancrage (5) et en les soulevant vers le haut.
  10. Procédé selon les revendications 2 et 8, dans lequel, dans le cas d'un détachement de la couche de plâtre (300) de la structure de support (200), la tige filiforme définissant la deuxième partie (3b) du ressort (3) de surveillance transmet la force axiale exercée par la couche de plâtre (300) à l'extrémité (du haut) de la première partie (3a), provoquant ainsi une compression progressive de celle-ci, qui dépend de la distance de la couche de plâtre (300) de la structure de support (200).
  11. Système d'ancrage élastique (1) pour renforcer l'ancrage d'une couche de plâtre (300) à la structure de maintien de plâtre (200) elle-même ; ladite couche de plâtre (300) ayant une surface du haut (300a) y faisant face et se trouvant immédiatement à côté de la surface de fond (200a) de ladite structure de maintien de plâtre (200),
    ledit système (1) étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
    une pluralité de ressorts (3, 5), dont chacun est formé par une première partie (3a, 5a) et une deuxième partie (3b, 5b), dans lequel la deuxième partie (3b, 5b) s'étend en saillie à partir de ladite première partie (3a, 5a) le long d'un axe longitudinal (A) ; dans lequel une pluralité de trous (4) sont formés au moins partiellement sur ladite surface du haut (300a) de la couche de plâtre (300) et s'étendent le long d'axes approximativement parallèles et espacés les uns des autres ; dans lequel la deuxième partie (3b, 5b) de chaque dit ressort (3, 5) est ajustée dans un trou (4) respectif de sorte que la première partie (3a, 5a) respective soit agencée de manière à ce que sa propre base repose sur la surface du haut (200b) de la structure de support (200) ; dans lequel la deuxième partie (3b, 5b) du ressort (3, 5) est rigidement solidaire avec la paroi intérieure du trou (4) dans la couche de plâtre (300) à l'aide de moyens de fixation (M) agencés dans le trou lui-même ; dans lequel certains desdits ressorts (3, 5) sont formés chacun par un ressort hélicoïdal en fil approximativement en forme de champignon d'ancrage (5), dans lequel la première partie (5a) et ladite deuxième partie (5b) du ressort d'ancrage (5) ont une forme cylindrique ou conique et forment respectivement la tête et la tige du ressort d'ancrage (5); et dans lequel lesdits moyens de fixation (M) comprennent un mélange de fixation réalisé en matériau adhésif et/ou en résine qui fixent rigidement seulement une partie d'extrémité de ladite deuxième partie (3b) à la paroi intérieure dudit trou (4) dans la couche de plâtre (300).
  12. Système d'ancrage élastique (1) selon la revendication 11, dans lequel les trous (4) s'étendent à partir de la surface du haut (200b) et à travers la structure de support (200) ainsi que, au moins partiellement, dans la couche de plâtre (300) commençant à sa première surface (300a).
  13. Système d'ancrage élastique (1) selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la première partie (5a) est façonnée de sorte à former approximativement un corps cylindrique en forme de coupe avec un trou central dans sa paroi de base/de fond, et définit la tête du champignon, tandis que la deuxième partie (5b) de fond tubulaire fait saillie à partir de la base/ du fond de la première partie (5a) le long de l'axe (A) et est approximativement en forme de cylindre allongé définissant la tige.
  14. Système d'ancrage élastique (1) selon la revendication 11, dans lequel lesdits moyens de fixation (M) comprennent un mélange liquide/semi-liquide constitué d'une ou de plusieurs résines à cristallisation.
  15. Système d'ancrage élastique (1) selon la revendication 11, comprenant un ressort (11) hélicoïdal cylindrique coulissant, qui s'ajuste dans le trou (4) et qui abrite la deuxième partie (3b) du ressort.
EP17181564.0A 2016-07-15 2017-07-14 Ancrage élastique de couches de plâtre Active EP3269897B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102016000074430A IT201600074430A1 (it) 2016-07-15 2016-07-15 Sistema elastico di ancoraggio per consolidare l'ancoraggio di uno strato di intonaco ad una struttura portaintonaco di un edificio

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EP3269897B1 true EP3269897B1 (fr) 2020-04-29

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Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3815299A1 (de) * 1988-05-05 1989-11-16 Stauch Matthias Vorrichtung und verfahren zur armierung von moertel
ITTV20120161A1 (it) * 2012-08-10 2014-02-11 Walter Fiorin Struttura e metodo per ancorare uno strato di intonaco ad una intelaiatura porta-intonaco in legno di un soffitto di un edificio

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP3269897A1 (fr) 2018-01-17

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