EP3268529B1 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner un lave-linge avec un capteur électrochimique et lave-linge pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner un lave-linge avec un capteur électrochimique et lave-linge pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3268529B1
EP3268529B1 EP16704234.0A EP16704234A EP3268529B1 EP 3268529 B1 EP3268529 B1 EP 3268529B1 EP 16704234 A EP16704234 A EP 16704234A EP 3268529 B1 EP3268529 B1 EP 3268529B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aqueous liquid
electrochemical
detergent
drum
sensor
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EP16704234.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3268529A1 (fr
Inventor
Dirk Aurich
Andreas Bischof
Michael Munick
Hartmut Schaub
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
    • D06F34/22—Condition of the washing liquid, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F33/00—Control of operations performed in washing machines or washer-dryers 
    • D06F33/30—Control of washing machines characterised by the purpose or target of the control 
    • D06F33/32—Control of operational steps, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2101/00—User input for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2101/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
    • D06F2101/04—Quantity, e.g. weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2101/00—User input for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2101/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
    • D06F2101/06—Type or material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
    • D06F2103/04—Quantity, e.g. weight or variation of weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
    • D06F2103/06—Type or material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/18—Washing liquid level
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/20—Washing liquid condition, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/24—Spin speed; Drum movements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/44—Current or voltage
    • D06F2103/46—Current or voltage of the motor driving the drum
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/46—Drum speed; Actuation of motors, e.g. starting or interrupting
    • D06F2105/48—Drum speed
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/58—Indications or alarms to the control system or to the user
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/58—Indications or alarms to the control system or to the user
    • D06F2105/60—Audible signals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a washing machine with an electrochemical sensor and a washing machine suitable for this purpose.
  • the invention relates in particular to a method for operating a washing machine with a container, a drum for holding items of laundry, a drive motor for the drum, an electrochemical sensor in the container for determining an electrochemical signal depending on a composition of an aqueous liquid in the container, and a Control device, as well as a washing machine suitable for carrying out this method.
  • laundry In a washing machine, laundry is generally treated in a washing phase for cleaning with a washing solution containing detergent. After a rinsing phase with water, in which the suds and/or dirt in or on the laundry are removed, the laundry is often treated with a fabric softener. For cost and environmental reasons, it makes sense that an optimal amount of laundry treatment agent (especially detergent and fabric softener) is used. Overdosing or underdosing should be avoided. In particular, incorrect dosing of the detergent can result in foaming (overdosing) or poor washing performance (underdosing). To ensure that this does not happen, it is desirable to monitor and optimally adjust the detergent concentration.
  • laundry treatment agent especially detergent and fabric softener
  • a washing machine has therefore been proposed which can determine an optimal amount of detergent, for example, and can give a user of the washing machine a dosage recommendation on a display with an exact indication of the amount of detergent, for example, to be used.
  • the WO 03/029550 A1 describes a process-controlled household appliance with a microcomputer and a display for texts, which also includes a display field for the Display of the amount of additives (e.g. detergent) that is expected to be required in a work process (e.g. a washing program).
  • the household appliance has a device through which, for example, additives can be added to a washing process, the dosage of which must be carried out by an operator.
  • a detergent dosage that is optimally tailored to a batch of laundry items not only saves energy and water, but also reduces wastewater pollution.
  • the DE 29 17 859 describes a method for monitoring and controlling the program, in particular the water supply and/or the addition of cleaning or rinsing agent in automatic washing and dishwasher machines, with sensors responding to the surface tension and/or the water hardness and/or the electrical conductivity of the washing liquid in the Machine are provided, which intervene in the program flow via an electrical control circuit and control the water filling quantity, the water changes and / or the dosage of the cleaning or detergent addition.
  • the EP 2 533 035 A1 describes a device for detecting material properties of a medium, with a measuring device including a sensor device that is connected to the medium, and a control device for controlling the sensor device with signals of a predetermined frequency range, and a control device for controlling the operation of the measuring device and specifying the predetermined frequency range, wherein the control device is provided for determining the course of the impedance Z of the medium corresponding to the predetermined frequency range as a function of the frequency, and for outputting a detection signal, and the control device is provided for evaluating the detection signal of the control device, determining a plurality of characteristic Points (P1 to P4) of the course of the impedance Z and generation of a result signal regarding the properties of the Mediums. This should make it possible, for example, to determine whether a washing solution requires further addition of washing agent.
  • P1 to P4 characteristic Points
  • optical or electrochemical sensors are generally used, e.g. turbidity sensors, impedance sensors.
  • turbidity sensors e.g. turbidity sensors, impedance sensors.
  • impedance sensors e.g. turbidity sensors, impedance sensors.
  • surfactants as surface-active substances, whereby these reduce the surface tension of the water in the aqueous solution formed (washing solution), since the surfactants prefer to be on the surface and thus on an interface adsorb.
  • a surfactant concentration in an aqueous liquid in the tub must be monitored.
  • the signals from the sensors can be distorted and can only be evaluated poorly or not at all if the aqueous liquid to be measured is is not sufficiently calmed and/or there is too much foam in the aqueous liquid. This can lead to no evaluable results being obtained, particularly when using impedance sensors as electrochemical sensors.
  • the EP 0 383 218 B1 describes a method for controlling the rinsing of a program-controlled washing machine, which carries out several rinsing programs following a washing process, the electrical conductivity of the rinsing water being measured and the rinsing being ended when the difference between the measured conductance and a reference conductance falls below a predetermined level, whereby the conductivity measurement is carried out in a section of the drain line in which there is still liquid after the washing machine room has been emptied, and the conductance measurement is carried out after completion of a rinsing process on the rinsing water standing in the section, and depending on the result of the conductance measurement, a decision is made as to whether another Rinsing process is carried out.
  • the conductivity measurement is preferably carried out in a calm pump sump.
  • the FR 2 455 648 A1 describes a method for monitoring and controlling a program, in particular the admission of water and/or the addition of cleaning agents or fabric softeners, into automatic washing machines or dishwashers.
  • the machine is equipped with sensors that measure the surface tension and/or electrical conductivity of the washing liquid.
  • the object of the present invention was to provide a method for operating a washing machine that is improved with regard to the measurement of electrochemical signals, in particular impedance signals from an impedance sensor.
  • the method should preferably enable monitoring of a washing program to be as simple and/or accurate as possible.
  • Another object of the invention was to provide a washing machine suitable for carrying out this method.
  • aqueous liquid containing detergent is to be interpreted broadly.
  • Detergent here means a detergent as such, including its components surfactants, enzymes, bleach, etc., as well as fabric softener.
  • the detergent-containing aqueous liquid can also be referred to as washing liquor, for example free liquor, or rinsing liquid, depending on a phase in a washing program in which it is produced.
  • a container is understood to mean a tub, a part of the container or a component in which the aqueous liquid provided during operation of the washing machine is located or flows past.
  • the impedance sensor can thus be arranged in the tub of a washing machine as well as in a measuring container that is communicatively connected to the tub or in a liquid line through which the aqueous liquid flows during operation of the washing machine.
  • the latter could be particularly advantageous if the washing machine has a pumping system that removes the aqueous liquid from a tub and feeds it back in during operation of the washing machine.
  • the invention takes into account the fact that many electrochemical measurement methods generate electrochemical signals in the resting state of the aqueous liquid, the Faraday component of which is determined by the diffusion of electroactive species present in the aqueous liquid. If the aqueous liquid is not at rest, the transport of electroactive species to the electrode is no longer only due to diffusion, but also influenced by convection. This generally leads to characteristic changes in the electrochemical signal, the changes being a measure of the contribution of convection. By evaluating the electrochemical signals, it is possible to conclude that there is a contribution from convection and thus that the aqueous liquid may not be sufficiently calmed down.
  • Suitable electrochemical signals can be measured, for example, using voltammetric methods. Such electrochemical signals can be obtained, for example, by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry or double-pulse chronoamperometry, but also by impedance spectroscopy.
  • a voltage jump is generally made to a suitable voltage that is sufficient for an oxidation or reduction process and a current drop is then measured and evaluated as a function of time. A convective contribution generally leads to a weakening of the current drop.
  • double-pulse chronoamperometry a jump is then made back to the starting voltage and a current drop is measured and evaluated at the starting voltage again as a function of time.
  • a current voltage curve is therefore recorded in step (c) as a measure of a calm state and evaluated with regard to a current component that is not caused by diffusion to the electrochemical sensor.
  • a cyclic voltammogram is particularly advantageously recorded and the peak current I p during the sweep to a reversal potential U ⁇ and the current I ⁇ at the reversal potential U ⁇ are evaluated with regard to the current component that is not caused by diffusion to the electrochemical sensor.
  • a potential jump can be carried out using the electrochemical sensor and a current-time curve obtained can be evaluated for a non-diffusion-related portion as a measure of a calmed state, ie a lack of calming, of the aqueous liquid. Included The potential jump occurs in particular to a potential at which a component in the aqueous liquid is reversibly or irreversibly oxidized or reduced.
  • step (c) the detergent-containing aqueous liquid is left to rest for a predetermined period of time ⁇ t set .
  • ⁇ t set an amount of the aqueous liquid, a load amount of laundry items and/or the movement program carried out in step (b) are preferably taken into account, with a relationship stored in the control device between the period ⁇ t set , the amount of aqueous Liquid, the amount of laundry and / or the exercise program carried out in step (b) is used.
  • the amount of aqueous liquid can be determined, for example, by measuring an amount of water introduced into the container using a water meter, taking into account the proportion of the introduced water absorbed by the laundry items and the so-called free liquor can be determined if, for example, a hydrostatic pressure sensor is arranged in the container and is used to measure the hydrostatic pressure as a measure of the free fleet.
  • the load amount of laundry items can be set by a user or preferably determined automatically in the washing machine.
  • the load quantity can be determined by measuring the increase in weight of the drum due to the loading of laundry items or by analyzing the suction behavior of water by analyzing the change in hydrostatic pressure while adding water to dry laundry items.
  • a hydrostatic sensor is advantageously present in a washing machine according to the invention.
  • a water quantity counter ie a measuring device for determining the amount of water filled in or the amount of washing solution filled in, is then also particularly advantageous. For example, with the help of Hydrostatic pressure p measured by the hydrostatic sensor can be compared with the amount of water filled.
  • the laundry items in the drum absorb water. The absorbed water cannot contribute to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
  • the load quantity of laundry items and, if applicable, their degree of moisture penetration can be determined. determine.
  • the dependence of the electrochemical signals on an existing amount or concentration of foam is taken into account for the detergent-containing aqueous liquid to rest until a predetermined calm state of the detergent-containing aqueous liquid is reached, the number and duration of sudden current drops being the measure be taken into account for an existing foam.
  • the presence and amount of foam can be determined in different ways.
  • the detection of foam in a washing machine can be done via a conductance measurement with two electrodes in the lower area of a container.
  • foam detection when spinning a drum is possible by evaluating the target/actual speed difference. This takes advantage of the fact that foam can brake a rotating drum, resulting in a difference between the target and actual speed.
  • the association between a specific foam concentration and the target/actual speed difference is generally stored in the control device of the washing machine.
  • the presence of foam (liquid-air mixture) is often detected by a build-up of pressure during washing or spinning or by a greatly slowed decrease in pressure when pumping out.
  • the hydrostatic pressure in a container is measured using a sensor.
  • a pressure sensor in particular a hydrostatic pressure sensor, is usually used for this, which is also suitable for determining the water level in the container as described above. Due to the imbalance of the laundry and the remaining water present, this can happen During the spin cycle, measurement errors can occur due to the appearance of an apparent increase in pressure. The appearance of pressure peaks can indicate the presence of foam even when there is no foam. This is due to fluctuations in pressure measurement with a sensor, and the errors in signal acquisition, conversion or processing also depend on whether a digital or analogue controller is used.
  • Foam can therefore advantageously be detected in a washing machine by measuring a signal S n from a sensor for determining a signal from a liquid in the container and possibly containing foam while the drum is rotating at a high speed U n and with one of this speed U n associated value W n stored in the program control are compared, with value pairs U n and W n (n ⁇ 1) being stored in the control device for at least two speeds and when the value W n is reached or exceeded, ie when the condition S is fulfilled n ⁇ W n , the presence of foam is registered.
  • the sensor can be an optical measuring system, a conductometric measuring system or a capacitive measuring system.
  • a hydrostatic pressure sensor is preferred, in which a hydrostatic pressure p and/or a negative time gradient of the hydrostatic pressure (dp/dt), preferably a hydrostatic pressure p, of a liquid-air mixture located in the container is measured as a signal.
  • the signal S n and the assigned value W n are then in particular pressure values.
  • the presence of foam in the aqueous liquid is therefore determined using a hydrostatic pressure sensor and taken into account for determining the calm state of the aqueous liquid.
  • the method used to detect foam will generally depend on which phase of a washing program, i.e. in particular whether in a wetting phase, washing phase, rinsing phase or fabric softening phase, sufficient calming of the aqueous solution is to be ensured so that meaningful electrochemical signals can be recorded .
  • a pressure sensor in particular a hydrostatic pressure sensor, is present in the washing machine used, a measured pressure increase during a calming phase, i.e. drum standstill phase, due to aqueous liquid dripping from the laundry items can also be used as a measure of a calming of the aqueous liquid. As time goes on, the amount of liquid dripping will decrease.
  • the invention provides that the electrochemical sensor is used to check whether the aqueous liquid has actually calmed down sufficiently. As mentioned above, this can be done by determining a convection-related portion of the mass transport to the working electrode. If this is not the case, the predetermined period ⁇ t set can be adjusted and in particular extended. It can advantageously be provided that a maximum period ⁇ t set max is not exceeded. When ⁇ t set max is reached or exceeded, the movement program of the drum is advantageously adjusted and in particular the input of mechanical energy is reduced. This ensures that the drum does not take too long to stop rotating.
  • the input of mechanical energy takes place via a suitable movement program for the drum.
  • the movement program in step (b) of the method according to the invention includes in particular a switch-on time [in %], a duration of a reversing cycle [in sec] and a speed [rpm] of the drum.
  • the switch-on time is the portion of time in a phase of a washing program during which the drum rotates. This switch-on time is, for example, preferably 60 to 70% in a first rinsing step.
  • a reversing cycle is generally the period of time that results from the periods: rotating the drum in one direction, resting the drum, rotating the drum in the opposite direction, resting the drum.
  • step (d) The type of electrochemical measurement method used in step (d) is also advantageously used to determine sufficient calming and in particular the determination of a predetermined period of time ⁇ t set , since electrochemical measurement methods can require different measurement times and resting states of the aqueous liquid.
  • the recording of electrochemical signals is particularly accurate if there is comparatively little dirt and/or foam in the aqueous liquid to be examined. This is particularly the case in a wetting phase and in a rinsing phase.
  • steps (c) and (d) are therefore carried out in a wetting phase and/or in a rinsing phase.
  • the wetting phase here is understood to be the phase in a washing program in which items of laundry to be cleaned and in particular items to be washed with detergent solution are wetted with a detergent solution to be used for this purpose, generally until the items of laundry are saturated with the detergent solution.
  • the items of laundry are generally only moved slightly or not at all. Therefore, in a wetting phase, there is generally only a slight separation of dirt from the items of laundry to be washed.
  • a laundry drum is preferably not rotated at a speed of more than 25 revolutions per minute in a wetting phase.
  • washing liquor and “surfactant-containing aqueous liquid” generally have the same meaning.
  • surfactant as used herein means a single surfactant as well as a mixture of different surfactants.
  • the shape of the laundry carriers is asymmetrical, their contribution to the movement of the aqueous liquid at a given rotational speed of the drum will depend on the direction of rotation. Therefore, in the case of an asymmetrical shape of the laundry carriers used in the drum, at least the direction of rotation of the drum is taken into account before a drum standstill phase.
  • step (c) and/or step (d) are preferably carried out taking into account the type and/or amount of soiling on the laundry items, with a connection in the control device between the electrochemical signals and the detergent concentrations for different types and/or amounts of soiling the laundry items are deposited.
  • non-ionic surfactants in particular could dissolve to a greater or lesser extent in the oil and would no longer be recorded when measuring the detergent concentration.
  • ionic surfactants can be intercepted to a certain extent by contamination containing ions, i.e. consumed, so that they are no longer detected when measuring electrochemical signals.
  • the type and/or amount of dirt can be set by a user of the washing machine or measured by suitable sensors.
  • the electrochemical sensor provided according to the invention e.g. impedance sensor, is particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • other sensors such as a turbidity sensor can also be used.
  • the electrochemical sensor is generally an electrode system consisting of at least two electrodes.
  • a three-electrode arrangement consisting of a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode
  • the potential at the working electrode which is responsible for recording the electrochemical signals, can be set particularly precisely.
  • a single electrode system can be used for recording different electrochemical signals, for example for cyclic voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy, in which the electrochemical sensor is also known as an impedance sensor.
  • the electrochemical sensor in step (d) is preferably used as an impedance sensor.
  • the impedance sensor records impedance signals as electrochemical signals.
  • the recording and evaluation of the impedance signals is generally carried out by applying electrical alternating voltage with varying frequencies to the impedance sensor and evaluating the impedance signals with regard to the phase angle ⁇ and the magnitude of the impedance.
  • the phase angle ⁇ and the magnitude of the impedance can then be evaluated with regard to the type, amount and concentration of detergents, in particular surfactants and also micelle concentrations.
  • an impedance spectrum is generally recorded using a suitable electrode system as an impedance sensor.
  • the impedance of an electrochemical system is examined as a function of the frequency of an alternating voltage at the working electrode.
  • Various representations are known to those skilled in the art for representation, such as the Nyquist representation, in which the real part or the imaginary part of the impedance are represented as a function of the applied alternating voltage frequency.
  • a few characteristic points are suitable for characterizing the impedance spectrum when examining wash liquors (cf. EP 2 767 825 A1 ), for example at the maximum of the imaginary part in a lower frequency range or at the minimum of the imaginary part in an upper frequency range.
  • typical parameters for an aqueous liquid containing detergent can generally be derived.
  • the conductivity of the liquid can be determined from the real part of a point.
  • the capacity of the so-called conductivity measuring cell formed by the impedance sensor and the aqueous liquid containing detergent can generally be determined.
  • Another measure that depends on the properties of the aqueous liquid containing detergent is the flattening of a semicircle in the Nyquist representation, which is determined by the ratio of height to width of the Semicircle can be determined. The evaluation is done using formulas known to those skilled in the art.
  • the impedance signals are evaluated with regard to electrical conductivity as a measure of the water hardness of the aqueous liquid.
  • impedance signals are therefore preferably recorded with the impedance sensor, the recording and evaluation of the impedance signals being carried out by applying electrical alternating voltage with varying frequencies to the impedance sensor and evaluating the impedance signals with regard to the phase angle ⁇ and the magnitude of the impedance. It is particularly preferred that the impedance signal is recorded at a predetermined frequency of the alternating voltage.
  • a washing phase generally follows a wetting phase. If a washing program is signaled that there is sufficient wetting of the laundry, for example by reaching a predetermined threshold value p 1 for the hydrostatic pressure p and a predetermined threshold value ( ⁇ p / ⁇ t) 1 for the time gradient of the hydrostatic pressure p, it begins in Generally the washing phase.
  • Monitoring a detergent concentration with an electrochemical sensor is particularly useful during a washing phase. This makes it possible to determine the consumption of detergent and thus any need for additional detergent dosage.
  • a washing program can be optimally adjusted to a determined detergent concentration.
  • a washing machine is preferred in which a temperature sensor is arranged in the container and a relationship between electrochemical signals, for example impedance signals, and detergent concentrations is stored in the control device for various temperature values measured with the temperature sensor.
  • the washing machine according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with the turbidity sensor that is often present in a washing machine.
  • a turbidity sensor can also be present as a supplement.
  • a washing machine used here generally also has a heater and a drain system with a drain pump arranged at the bottom of a tub.
  • a washing machine used herein generally also has laundry carriers and/or scoop devices.
  • the washing machine according to the invention can be a washing machine as such or a washer-dryer, i.e. a device that has the functions of a dryer and a washing machine.
  • the washing machine according to the invention preferably has an acoustic and/or optical display means for displaying one or more operating states.
  • An optical display means can be, for example, a liquid crystal display on which certain requests or instructions are indicated. Additionally or alternatively, light-emitting diodes can light up in one or more colors. For example, different colored displays can be used to show whether a washing phase is taking place at an optimal detergent concentration or not. It can also be indicated whether the measurements with the electrochemical sensor are carried out in a sufficiently calm aqueous liquid.
  • a user of the washing machine can be given a message to add more detergent, whereby a quantity can also be specified.
  • the dosage recommendation is displayed on the display as such or a display field thereof (herein referred to collectively as the “display display”).
  • the dosage recommendation can be shown on the display in the form of text and/or characters.
  • a suitable text would be, for example, the direct request "Please dose “Green”", where "Green” is a reference to a dosing aid.
  • Other colors can also be mentioned or other information can be given in text form.
  • a color or a symbol could be displayed as a symbol, for example a circle, which can be filled to different extents to distinguish individual amounts of detergent.
  • a measuring device for determining the amount of water filled is therefore present in the washing machine according to the invention, for example a time measuring device for determining the opening period of an inlet valve for the water or a liquid quantity measuring device for measuring the amount of water filled.
  • the invention has numerous advantages.
  • a method for operating a washing machine in which the monitoring of, for example, the detergent concentration in the wash liquor is carried out particularly precisely by means of an electrochemical sensor, in particular an impedance sensor.
  • an electrochemical Measurement and in particular the measurement of an impedance signal with an impedance sensor can be disturbed and the measured impedance signal can therefore be falsified if the solution has not calmed down sufficiently at the time of measurement.
  • the invention makes it possible, by adjusting pauses when reversing the drum during wetting, washing and rinsing, to precisely determine the surfactant concentration and water hardness by means of an electrochemical sensor in a detergent-containing, in particular surfactant-containing, aqueous liquid, primarily through impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry To avoid incorrect measurements due to air bubbles, foam and currents trapped in the aqueous liquid.
  • the invention is illustrated below using a non-limiting embodiment of a washing machine according to the invention shown in the single figure. Shown is a schematic representation of the parts relevant to the invention of the first embodiment of a washing machine according to the invention, in which a method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • the washing machine 1 of the figure has a tub 2 in which a drum 3 is rotatably mounted and can be driven by the drive motor 5.
  • the axis of rotation 19 of the drum 3 is directed upwards from the horizontal by a small angle (eg 13°), so that the user of the washing machine 1 has easier access and insight into the interior of the drum 3.
  • a small angle eg 13°
  • the laundry carriers 14 are asymmetrical in the embodiment shown here, so that the aqueous liquid 7 in the tub 2 is moved to different extents for the two possible directions of rotation of the drum 3 at the same rotational speed of the drum 3. This influence is taken into account in the control device 8, so that a method according to the invention can be carried out even more precisely.
  • An impedance sensor 10 is arranged as an electrochemical sensor in the induction bowl 12, which is generally an electrode system made up of several electrodes, for example two capacitor plates or a three-electrode arrangement. With the help of impedance sensor 10, a detergent present in the dispenser 12 or an aqueous liquid containing this detergent can be analyzed in order to obtain information about the detergent and thus about the design of a washing program.
  • the washing machine 1 also has a lye supply system, which includes a water connection fitting for the domestic water network 20, an electrically controllable valve 21 and a supply line 13 to the lye container 2, which can optionally also be guided via the detergent dispenser tray 12, from which the incoming water feeds detergent portions into the Can transport tub 2.
  • a heating device 16 in the tub 2 for heating water or washing suds 7.
  • the valve 21 as well as the heating device 16 can be controlled by a control device 8 depending on a program flow chart that is linked to a time program and / or to the achievement of certain Measured values of parameters such as lye level, lye temperature, speed of the drum, etc. can be tied within the washing machine 1.
  • the washing machine 1 means a pressure sensor, ie a sensor for measuring the hydrostatic pressure, in the tub 2.
  • the hydrostatic pressure p results from the fill level of the free liquor 7 forming in the tub 2.
  • the washing machine 1 includes a measuring device 15 for determining the amount of water filled, e.g. a water meter or a flow meter. in case of a Using the flow meter, the amount of water flowing in is calculated in conjunction with a recorded filling time. The flow can also be determined by measuring the time until a predetermined level is reached, which corresponds to a certain fixed amount of water. 18 means a drain pump for pumping out the washing suds 7.
  • 9 denotes an electrochemical sensor in the tub 2, with which various electrochemical measurements can be carried out, for example voltammetric measurements or impedance measurements.
  • the electrochemical sensor is preferably used as an impedance sensor, although its structure consisting of electrodes and the implementation and evaluation of impedance signals measured with the impedance sensor are not shown in more detail here.
  • the electrochemical signals from the electrochemical sensor 9 and possibly the impedance sensor 10 as well as the rotation speed of the drum 2, its loading with laundry items 4, the hydrostatic pressure, etc. and the measured values from the measuring device 15 are fed to the control device 8.
  • step (c) the resting of the detergent-containing liquid 7 is monitored with the electrochemical sensor 9, with a measurement using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry or impedance spectroscopy preferably being carried out to determine a predetermined calm state of the detergent-containing liquid 7.
  • step (d) in the embodiment shown here, the concentration c th of a detergent in the detergent-containing aqueous liquid 7 is measured by recording and evaluating impedance signals from the electrochemical sensor 9 functioning as an impedance sensor 9, with a relationship between impedance signals stored in the control device 8 and detergent concentrations are used.
  • 11 means a display device with which process parameters, in particular the running of a washing program with optimal use of detergent (e.g. represented by a green LED) or with non-optimal use of detergent (e.g. represented by a red LED) can be displayed.
  • a dosage recommendation for a user of the washing machine can also be displayed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un lave-linge (1) comprenant une cuve (2), un tambour (3) servant à recevoir des pièces de linge (4), un moteur d'entraînement (5) pour le tambour (3), un capteur électrochimique (9) dans la cuve (2) pour mesurer un signal électrochimique en fonction d'une composition d'un liquide (7) aqueux dans la cuve (2) et un dispositif de commande (8),
    le procédé comprenant l'exécution des étapes suivantes :
    (a) fourniture dans la cuve (2) d'un liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent,
    (b) rotation du tambour (3) selon un programme d'entraînement prédéterminé,
    (c) cessation d'un mouvement rotatif du tambour (3) et mise au repos du liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent, jusqu'à ce qu'un état stabilisé prédéterminé du liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent soit atteint, et
    (d) mesure de la concentration Cten d'un détergent dans le liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent fourni à l'étape (a) par une acquisition et une analyse des signaux électrochimiques du capteur électrochimique (9) en utilisant une relation mise en mémoire dans le dispositif de commande (8) entre les signaux électrochimiques et des concentrations en détergent,
    dans lequel, en tant qu'indicateur pour un état stabilisé dans l'étape (c) une courbe courant-tension est acquise au moyen du capteur électrochimique (9), et analysée concernant une partie de courant non provoquée par une diffusion sur le capteur électrochimique (9),
    et dans lequel la partie de courant non provoquée par une diffusion sur le capteur électrochimique (9) comprend une partie de courant due à la convection.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un voltampérogramme cyclique est enregistré et le courant de pic Ip est évalué sous un balayage jusqu'à un potentiel d'inversion Uλ, ainsi qu'au niveau du potentiel d'inversion Uλ, en ce qui concerne une partie de courant non provoquée par une diffusion sur le capteur électrochimique (9).
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un saut de potentiel est appliqué en se servant du capteur électrochimique (9) et une courbe courant-temps obtenue ainsi est analysée concernant une partie non provoquée par une diffusion en tant qu'indicateur d'une instabilité du liquide aqueux.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'étape (c), la mise au repos du liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent est effectuée pendant un intervalle de temps prédéterminé Δtset.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que, pour déterminer Δtset, une quantité du liquide (7) aqueux, une quantité de pièces de linge (4) et/ou le programme d'entraînement exécuté à l'étape (b) sont pris en compte, dans lequel une relation enregistrée dans le dispositif de commande (8) entre l'intervalle de temps Δtset, la quantité de liquide (7) aqueux, la quantité de pièces de linge (4) et/ou le programme d'entraînement exécuté à l'étape (b) est utilisée.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, concernant la mise au repos du liquide aqueux contenant un détergent jusqu'à ce qu'un état stabilisé prédéterminé du liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent soit atteint, la relation des signaux électrochimiques à une quantité ou une concentration présente de mousse est prise en compte, dans lequel le nombre et la durée de chutes de courant soudaines sont considérées en tant qu'indicateur de présence de mousse.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la présence de mousse dans le liquide (7) aqueux est déterminée à l'aide d'un capteur de pression hydrostatique (6) et est prise en compte pour la détermination de l'état stabilisé du liquide (7) aqueux.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les étapes (c) et (d) sont exécutées dans une phase de mouillage et/ou dans une phase de rinçage.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'en cas de forme asymétrique des éléments d'entraînement de linge (14) insérés dans le tambour (3), au moins le sens de rotation du tambour (3) avant une phase d'arrêt de tambour est pris en compte.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'étape (c) et/ou l'étape (d) sont exécutées en prenant en compte le type et/ou la quantité de salissures des pièces de linge (4), dans lequel une relation entre les signaux électrochimiques et les concentrations en détergent pour différents types et/ou quantités de salissures des pièces de linge (4) est mise en mémoire dans le dispositif de commande (8).
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le capteur électrochimique (9) est utilisé dans l'étape (d) en tant que capteur d'impédance.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que des signaux d'impédance sont acquis au moyen du capteur d'impédance (9), dans lequel l'acquisition et l'analyse des signaux d'impédance sont exécutées en appliquant une tension électrique alternative à des fréquences variables sur le capteur d'impédance (9) et les signaux d'impédance sont analysés en ce qui concerne l'angle de phase ϕ et la quantité d'impédance.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'acquisition du signal d'impédance est exécutée à une fréquence prédéterminée de la tension alternative.
  14. Lave-linge (1) comprenant une cuve (2), un tambour (3) servant à recevoir des pièces de linge (4), un moteur d'entraînement (5) pour le tambour (3), un capteur électrochimique (6, 9) dans la cuve (2) pour mesurer un signal électrochimique en fonction d'une composition d'un liquide (7) aqueux dans la cuve (2) et un dispositif de commande (8),
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de commande (8) est configuré pour exécuter un procédé, qui comprend les étapes suivantes :
    (a) fourniture dans la cuve (2) d'un liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent,
    (b) rotation du tambour (3) selon un programme d'entraînement prédéterminé,
    (c) cessation d'un mouvement rotatif du tambour (3) et mise au repos du liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent, jusqu'à ce qu'un état stabilisé prédéterminé du liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent soit atteint,
    (d) mesure de la concentration Cten d'un détergent dans le liquide (7) aqueux contenant un détergent fourni à l'étape (a) par une acquisition et une analyse des signaux électrochimiques du capteur électrochimique (9) en utilisant une relation mise en mémoire dans le dispositif de commande (8) entre les signaux électrochimiques et les concentrations en détergent,
    dans lequel, en tant qu'indicateur pour un état stabilisé dans l'étape (c), une courbe courant-tension est acquise au moyen du capteur électrochimique, et analysée en ce qui concerne une partie de courant non provoquée par une diffusion sur le capteur électrochimique (9),
    et dans lequel la partie de courant non provoquée par une diffusion sur le capteur électrochimique (9) comprend une partie due à la convection.
EP16704234.0A 2015-03-13 2016-02-15 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un lave-linge avec un capteur électrochimique et lave-linge pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé Active EP3268529B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102015204540.4A DE102015204540A1 (de) 2015-03-13 2015-03-13 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Waschmaschine mit einem elektrochemischen Sensor sowie hierzu geeignete Waschmaschine
PCT/EP2016/053097 WO2016146313A1 (fr) 2015-03-13 2016-02-15 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un lave-linge avec un capteur électrochimique et lave-linge pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé

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EP3382083A1 (fr) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-03 Vestel Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. Procédé de détermination de mousse dans une machine à laver
DE102018203577A1 (de) * 2018-03-09 2019-09-12 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Verfahren zum Behandeln von Wäschestücken in einer Waschmaschine und hierzu geeignete Waschmaschine
DE102018112049A1 (de) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-21 Rational Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gargeräts sowie Gargerät
JP7169790B2 (ja) * 2018-07-02 2022-11-11 東芝ライフスタイル株式会社 洗濯機
WO2020046955A1 (fr) 2018-08-27 2020-03-05 Ecolab Usa Inc. Système et technique d'extraction d'échantillons liquides contenant une matière particulaire sans filtration
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CN114075744A (zh) * 2020-08-11 2022-02-22 合肥美的洗衣机有限公司 衣物处理设备及其控制方法、装置和存储介质
CN113065741B (zh) * 2021-03-02 2024-03-29 苏州三君智能科技有限公司 洗涤剂自动配送系统、洗涤剂配送方法和洗涤剂投放设备
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CN107407034B (zh) 2020-03-03
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CN107407034A (zh) 2017-11-28
DE102015204540A1 (de) 2016-09-15

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