EP3268528B1 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner un lave-linge comprenant un capteur d'impédance et lave-linge pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner un lave-linge comprenant un capteur d'impédance et lave-linge pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3268528B1
EP3268528B1 EP16704247.2A EP16704247A EP3268528B1 EP 3268528 B1 EP3268528 B1 EP 3268528B1 EP 16704247 A EP16704247 A EP 16704247A EP 3268528 B1 EP3268528 B1 EP 3268528B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tenside
concentration
cmc
impedance
aqueous liquid
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EP16704247.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3268528A1 (fr
Inventor
Dirk Aurich
Andreas Bischof
Michael Munick
Hartmut Schaub
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F33/00—Control of operations performed in washing machines or washer-dryers 
    • D06F33/30—Control of washing machines characterised by the purpose or target of the control 
    • D06F33/32—Control of operational steps, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry
    • D06F33/37—Control of operational steps, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending on the condition of the laundry of metering of detergents or additives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00—Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/02—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents
    • D06F39/022—Devices for adding soap or other washing agents in a liquid state
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/02—Characteristics of laundry or load
    • D06F2103/04—Quantity, e.g. weight or variation of weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/18—Washing liquid level
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/20—Washing liquid condition, e.g. turbidity
    • D06F2103/22—Content of detergent or additives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/42—Detergent or additive supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a washing machine with an impedance sensor (also referred to as an electrochemical impedance sensor) and a washing machine suitable for this purpose.
  • the invention relates in particular to a method for operating a washing machine with a container, a drum for receiving items of laundry, a drive motor for the drum, an impedance sensor in the container for determining an impedance signal as a function of a composition of an aqueous liquid in the container, and a control device, and a washing machine suitable for carrying out this process.
  • laundry In a washing machine, laundry is generally treated in a washing phase for cleaning with a washing liquor containing detergent. After a rinsing phase with water, in which the suds and/or soiling present in or on the laundry are removed, the laundry is also frequently treated with a fabric softener. For reasons of cost and environmental protection, it makes sense here that an optimal amount of laundry treatment agent (in particular detergent and fabric softener) is used. Overdosing but also underdosing should be avoided.
  • a method for operating a washing machine is therefore desirable which recognizes such states so that suitable countermeasures can be taken.
  • a washing machine has therefore been proposed that can determine an optimum amount of, for example, detergent and can give a user of the washing machine a dosage recommendation on a display with precise information about the amount of detergent, for example, to be used.
  • the WO 03/029550 A1 describes a process-controlled household appliance with a microcomputer and a display for texts, in which a display panel for the Display of the quantity of additives (eg detergent) likely to be required in a work process (eg a washing program).
  • the household appliance has a device through which, for example, additives can be supplied to a washing process, the dosage of which must be carried out by an operator.
  • the DE 29 17 859 describes a method for monitoring and controlling the program, in particular the water supply and/or the addition of detergent or detergent in automatic washing machines and dishwashers, with sensors responding to the surface tension and/or the water hardness and/or the electrical conductivity of the washing liquid in the Machine are provided, which intervene via an electrical control circuit in the program sequence and control the amount of water, the water change and / or the dosage of cleaning or detergent addition.
  • the EP 0 797 761 B1 describes a method for determining the surface tension of a liquid by generating gas bubbles in the liquid, after which the surface tension in the liquid is determined by monitoring gas bubbles and wherein the gas bubbles are formed from gas generated in situ.
  • the EP 2 533 035 A1 describes a device for detecting material properties of a medium, with a measuring device including a sensor device that is connected to the medium, and a control device for controlling the sensor device with signals of a predetermined frequency range, and a control device for controlling the operation of the measuring device and specification of the predetermined frequency range, wherein the control device is provided for determining the course of the impedance Z of the medium corresponding to the predetermined frequency range as a function of the frequency, and for outputting a detection signal, and the control device is provided for evaluating the detection signal of the control device, determining a plurality of characteristic points (P1 to P4) of the course of the impedance Z and generating a result signal relating to the properties of the medium. This should make it possible, for example, to determine whether a wash suds requires additional detergent.
  • Detergents contain surfactants as surface-active substances to form a wash suds for cleaning laundry items, these reducing the surface tension of the water in the aqueous solution formed (wash suds), since the surfactants preferentially adsorb on the surface and thus on an interface.
  • surfactants accumulate in the wash suds in the form of micelles, since these are energetically favorable. This concentration is called the critical micelle concentration (c CMC ).
  • the object of the present invention was to provide a method for operating a washing machine which is improved with regard to optimal use of detergents.
  • the method should preferably enable a washing program to be monitored and controlled as simply and/or precisely as possible.
  • the object of the invention is also the provision of a washing machine suitable for carrying out this method.
  • c limit means a maximum allowable micelle concentration. Its value generally depends on the drum movement program planned for the washing phase and the type or composition of the detergent, in particular the surfactants it contains. The specification of c limit is used, for example, to avoid unwanted foam formation.
  • the maximum permissible micelle concentration c limit can be specified as an absolute value or as a ratio to the critical micelle concentration c CMC .
  • a container is understood to mean a tub, a part of the container or a component in which the liquid containing surfactants provided during operation of the washing machine is located or flows past.
  • the impedance sensor can be arranged in the tub of a washing machine as well as in a measuring container that communicates with the tub, or in a liquid line through which the surfactant-containing liquid flows during operation of the washing machine. The latter could be particularly advantageous if the washing machine has a pumping system which removes the surfactant-containing liquid from a tub and feeds it back in while the washing machine is in operation.
  • the surfactant-containing aqueous liquid is provided with a surfactant concentration c surfactant such that the relationship c CMC ⁇ c surfactant ⁇ c limit is satisfied, in that the surfactant concentration c surfactant in the surfactant-containing aqueous liquid in step ( a) is monitored by recording and evaluating impedance signals from the impedance sensor, ie the impedance signals measured by the impedance sensor, the relationship between impedance signals and surfactant concentrations stored in the control device being used.
  • the surfactant-containing aqueous liquid is preferably provided in such a way that the surfactant concentration in the surfactant-containing aqueous liquid is continuously increased until the critical micelle formation concentration c CMC is reached, the measured impedance signals being evaluated with regard to a change in surface tension ⁇ sur in order to use a surface tension ⁇ sur , which no longer increases with increasing surfactant concentration, indicates that the critical micelle concentration c CMC has been reached.
  • step (a) first water or a surfactant-containing solution with a surfactant concentration c 1 is added to the container and then a surfactant-containing solution with a surfactant concentration c 2 > c 1 or an undiluted surfactant is added to the container .
  • the surfactant concentration can thus be continuously increased.
  • surfactant means a single surfactant as well as a mixture of different surfactants.
  • a particularly precise measurement of the surfactant concentration can be carried out if factors such as possible contamination of the surfactant-containing aqueous liquid can be ruled out. If this is not possible, precautions should be taken in the washing machine in order to be able to estimate the influence of dirt on the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • step (a) is preferably carried out in a wetting phase.
  • the wetting phase is the phase in a washing program understood, in which items of laundry to be cleaned and in particular to be washed with suds are wetted with a suds to be used for this purpose, generally until the items of laundry are saturated with the suds.
  • wash suds and "surfactant-containing aqueous liquid” generally have the same meaning.
  • the items of laundry are generally moved only slightly or not at all. Therefore, in a wetting phase, there is generally only a slight detachment of dirt from the items of laundry to be washed.
  • a washing drum is preferably not rotated at a speed of more than 25 revolutions per minute in a wetting phase.
  • step (b) is carried out taking into account the type and/or amount of soiling of the laundry items, with a connection between the impedance signals and the surfactant concentrations for different types and/or amounts of soiling of the laundry items being recorded in the control device is deposited.
  • contamination with oil would result in nonionic surfactants in particular being able to dissolve to a greater or lesser extent in the oil and no longer being available for micelle formation.
  • ionic surfactants can be intercepted to a certain extent by soiling containing ions, i.e. consumed, so that they are no longer available for micelle formation.
  • the type and/or amount of soiling can be set by a user of the washing machine or can be measured by suitable sensors.
  • the impedance sensor provided according to the invention is particularly suitable for this purpose. In addition, however, other sensors such as a turbidity sensor can also be used.
  • the movement program of the drum carried out in step (c2) at a determined surfactant concentration c surfactant ⁇ c CMC is that the duration of the washing phase is longer and/or the input of kinetic energy is greater than in a washing phase in which the surfactant concentration c surfactant satisfies the relationship c CMC ⁇ c surfactant ⁇ c limit .
  • the recording and evaluation of the impedance signals is generally carried out by applying electrical AC voltage with varying frequencies to the impedance sensor and evaluating the impedance signals with regard to the phase angle ⁇ and the absolute value of the impedance.
  • the phase angle ⁇ and the magnitude of the impedance can then in turn be evaluated with regard to the type, amount and concentration of surfactants and also of micelle concentrations.
  • an impedance spectrum is generally recorded using a suitable electrode system as an impedance sensor.
  • the impedance of an electrochemical system is examined as a function of the frequency of an AC voltage.
  • Various representations are known to the person skilled in the art, such as the Nyquist representation, in which the real part or the imaginary part of the impedance is represented as a function of the AC voltage frequency used.
  • a few characteristic points are suitable for characterizing the impedance spectrum when examining suds (cf. EP 2 767 825 A1 ), for example at the maximum of the imaginary part in a lower frequency range or at the minimum of the imaginary part in an upper frequency range.
  • Typical parameters for a washing solution can generally be derived from the impedance and frequency values at the characteristic points.
  • the conductivity of the washing suds can be determined from the real part of a point.
  • the capacitance of the so-called conductivity measuring cell formed by the impedance sensor and the washing liquor is generally possible to determine the capacitance of the so-called conductivity measuring cell formed by the impedance sensor and the washing liquor.
  • Another measure that depends on the properties of the wash liquor is the flattening of a semicircle in the Nyquist representation, which can be determined via the ratio of the height to the width of the semicircle. The evaluation is carried out using formulas known to those skilled in the art.
  • the impedance signals are evaluated with regard to electrical conductivity as a measure of water hardness.
  • a method is preferred according to the invention in which, in step (a) of providing a surfactant-containing aqueous liquid in the container, a surfactant quantity dependent on the amount of laundry items loaded and the amount of water filled in is introduced into the container.
  • the load quantity can be determined by measuring the increase in weight of the drum due to the load of items of laundry or by analyzing the absorption behavior of water by analyzing the change in hydrostatic pressure while water is being added to dry items of laundry.
  • a hydrostatic sensor is advantageously present in a washing machine according to the invention.
  • a water meter i.e. a measuring device for determining the amount of water filled in or the amount of washing suds filled in, is then also particularly advantageous.
  • the hydrostatic pressure p measured with the aid of the hydrostatic sensor can be compared with the amount of water that has been filled in.
  • the laundry in the drum absorbs water. The absorbed water cannot contribute to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
  • the load quantity of laundry and, if applicable, its degree of moisture penetration can be determined. determine.
  • a washing phase generally follows a wetting phase. If a washing program is signaled that the laundry is sufficiently wetted, for example by a predetermined threshold value p 1 for the hydrostatic pressure p and a predetermined threshold value ( ⁇ p/ ⁇ t) 1 for the time gradient of the hydrostatic pressure p being reached, im Generally the washing phase.
  • the impedance signals are evaluated with regard to the composition of a detergent, in particular the surfactants it contains, with impedance signals being stored in the control device for various components and quantities of a detergent.
  • This can be an evaluation with regard to the type and proportionate amounts of the components contained in the detergent, e.g. proportion of nonionic and ionic surfactants, proportion of bleaching agents and/or enzymes.
  • the amount of detergent to be used can be adapted even better to a batch of laundry to be washed in the drum.
  • an impedance sensor can advantageously be arranged in a dispenser bowl or at another point in the washing machine where possible soiling has little or no influence on such an analysis.
  • a maximum surfactant concentration c max and/or maximum permissible micelle concentration c limit is stored in the control device to avoid disruptive foam generation in the washing machine for specific drum speeds.
  • the surfactant concentration is preferably in a range from 1 to 5 times the critical micelle concentration, particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 2 times the critical micelle concentration.
  • a method is also preferred in which, in step (c1), at a determined surfactant concentration c surfactant ⁇ c limit , the surfactant-containing aqueous liquid is diluted in such a way that (i) a predetermined amount M 1 of the surfactant-containing aqueous liquid is pumped off and then (ii) a predetermined amount M 2 of water from the water supply is added, and (iii) thereafter a measurement and evaluation of an impedance signal with regard to the surfactant concentration present is carried out, steps (i) to (iii) being carried out as often as required until the condition c CMC ⁇ c surfactant ⁇ c limit is met.
  • a washing machine is preferred in which a temperature sensor is arranged in the container and in the control device for various values measured with Impedance signals and surfactant concentrations is stored.
  • the washing machine according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with the turbidity sensor that is often present in a washing machine.
  • a turbidity sensor can also be present as a supplement in embodiments of the washing machine according to the invention.
  • a washing machine used herein also generally has a heater and a suds drainage system with a suds pump arranged at the bottom of a tub.
  • a washing machine used herein also generally includes clothes agitators and/or scoop devices.
  • the washing machine according to the invention can be a washing machine as such or a washer-dryer, ie a device that has the functions of a dryer and a washing machine.
  • the washing machine according to the invention preferably has an acoustic and/or visual display means for displaying one or more operating states.
  • a visual display means can be a liquid crystal display, for example, on which specific requests or instructions are given. It can also or alternatively, light-emitting diodes light up in one or more colors. For example, different colored representations can be used to indicate whether or not a washing phase is taking place at an optimal detergent concentration.
  • a user of the washing machine can be advised to add more detergent, with the amount also being able to be specified.
  • the dosage recommendation is displayed on the display as such or a display field thereof (referred to collectively as “display display” herein).
  • the dosage recommendation can be presented on the display in the form of text and/or characters.
  • a suitable text would be, for example, the direct request "Please dose "Green ⁇ , where "Green” is a reference to a dosing aid.
  • Other colors can also be named or other information can be given in text form.
  • a color or a symbol could be displayed as a sign, for example a circle, which can be filled in to different extents in order to distinguish between individual amounts of detergent.
  • a method according to the invention as under Method step (c2) is continued as described.
  • the user's reaction here is in particular the triggering of washing-in detergent.
  • a measuring device for determining the amount of water filled is therefore preferably present in the washing machine according to the invention, for example a time measuring device for determining the opening period of an inlet valve for the water or a liquid quantity measuring device for measuring the amount of water filled in.
  • the invention has numerous advantages.
  • a method for operating a washing machine is provided which is improved with regard to optimal use of detergents.
  • the method enables simple and precise monitoring and control of a washing program.
  • the washing machine can be prevented from overflowing with foam, which can be associated with water damage in an apartment.
  • excessive use of rinsing water which would be required if excess detergent had to be removed from the laundry items, can be avoided.
  • the concentration of ionic surfactants and to set and maintain a concentration range for ionic surfactants.
  • the invention enables the water hardness to be determined and taken into account in a simple manner.
  • organic contamination can also be determined which, for example, can only be detected poorly with an optical sensor such as a turbidity sensor, such as those with a high proportion of ions, such as sweat.
  • the invention enables the properties of a large number of different detergents to be determined (in particular via their composition), so that the amount of detergent used or to be used can be determined even better.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic representation of the parts relevant to the invention of the first embodiment of a washing machine according to the invention, in which a method according to the invention can be carried out, is shown.
  • the washing machine 1 in the figure has a tub 2 in which a drum 3 is rotatably mounted and can be driven by the drive motor 5 .
  • the axis of rotation 19 of the drum 3 is directed upwards from the horizontal by a small angle (e.g. 13°), so that the user of the washing machine 1 has easier access and insight into the interior of the drum 3.
  • This arrangement in cooperation with specially shaped laundry drivers 14 and scooping devices 17 for the washing suds 7 on the inner surface of the drum shell, also intensifies the flooding of the laundry items 4 with washing suds 7 .
  • An impedance sensor 10 which is generally an electrode system made up of a plurality of electrodes, for example two capacitor plates, is arranged in the dispensing bowl 12.
  • a detergent present in the dispenser bowl 12 or an aqueous liquid containing this detergent can be analyzed with the aid of the impedance sensor 10 in order to obtain information about the detergent and thus about the design of a washing program.
  • the washing machine 1 also has a suds supply system, which includes a water connection fitting for the domestic water supply system 20, an electrically controllable valve 21 and a supply line 13 to the suds container 2, which can also be routed via the detergent dispenser bowl 12, from which the incoming water dispenses detergent portions into the Tub 2 can transport.
  • the valve 21 and the heating device 16 can be controlled by a control device 8 depending on a program flow chart that is based on a time program and/or on the achievement of certain Measured values of parameters such as liquor level, liquor temperature, drum speed, etc. within the washing machine 1 can be bound.
  • the washing machine 1 means a pressure sensor, ie a sensor for measuring the hydrostatic pressure, in the tub 2.
  • the hydrostatic pressure p results from the fill level of the free liquor 7 forming in the tub 2.
  • the washing machine 1 includes a measuring device 15 for determining the amount of water filled in. It can be used, for example, as a water meter or as a flow meter be trained. In the case of a flow meter, the amount of water that has flowed in is calculated in connection with a recorded filling time. The flow can also be determined by measuring the time it takes to reach a predetermined level, which corresponds to a certain fixed volume of water.
  • 18 means a suds pump for pumping out the washing suds 7.
  • 9 designates an impedance sensor in the tub 2, the structure of which electrodes is not shown in detail here.
  • the signals from the impedance sensors 9 and 10 and the rotational speed of the drum, its load with items of laundry, the hydrostatic pressure etc. and the measured values of the measuring device 15 are fed to the control device 8 .
  • a display device with which process parameters, in particular a washing program running with optimal use of detergent (eg, represented by a green photodiode) or under non-optimal use of detergent (eg, represented by a red photodiode) can be displayed.
  • a dosing recommendation for a user of the washing machine can also be displayed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)
  • Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé d'exploitation d'un lave-linge (1) avec une cuve (2), un tambour (3) pour l'accueil du linge (4), un moteur d'entraînement (5) pour le tambour (3), un capteur d'impédance (9) dans la cuve (2) pour la détermination d'un signal d'impédance en fonction d'une composition d'un fluide aqueux (7) dans la cuve (2), et un dispositif de commande (8), dans lequel les étapes suivantes sont réalisées :
    (a) mise à disposition dans la cuve (2) d'un fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) avec une concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid telle que la relation cCMC ≤ cTensid < cgrenz est vérifiée, dans lequel cCMC est une concentration de formation de micelles critique et cgrenz une concentration de micelles maximale autorisée déterminée au préalable, et dans lequel la concentration de formation de micelles critique (cCMC) est la concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid à partir de laquelle les agents tensioactifs s'agglomèrent sous la forme de micelles dans la solution de lavage ;
    (b) mesure de la concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid dans le fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) mis à disposition à l'étape (a), via l'enregistrement et l'évaluation de signaux d'impédance du capteur d'impédance (9) en utilisant un lien entre les signaux d'impédance et les concentrations d'agents tensioactifs consigné dans le dispositif de commande (8) ;
    (c) réalisation d'une phase de lavage de telle sorte que
    (c2) en présence d'une concentration d'agents tensioactifs constatée cTensid < cCMC un dosage ultérieur d'agent de lavage est réalisé et/ou un programme de déplacement du tambour (3) consigné dans le dispositif de commande (8) pour cette concentration d'agents tensioactifs est réalisé ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    (c1) en présence d'une concentration d'agents tensioactifs constatée cTensid ≥ cgrenz une dilution du fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) est réalisée, jusqu'à ce que la relation cCMC ≤ cTensid < cgrenz soit vérifiée, et le programme de déplacement du tambour (3) réalisé à l'étape (c2) en présence d'une concentration d'agents tensioactifs constatée cTensid < cCMC consiste en une durée de la phase de lavage supérieure et/ou un apport d'énergie motrice supérieur à celle/celui d'une phase de lavage dans laquelle la concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid vérifie la relation cCMC ≤ cTensid < Cgrenz.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la mise à disposition du fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) avec une concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid telle que la relation cCMC ≤ cTensid < cgrenz soit vérifiée s'effectue à travers le fait que la concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid dans le fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) de l'étape (a) s'effectue via l'enregistrement et l'évaluation de signaux d'impédance du capteur d'impédance (9), dans lequel il est fait appel au lien entre les signaux d'impédance et les concentrations d'agents tensioactifs consigné dans le dispositif de commande (8).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) est mis à disposition de telle sorte que la concentration d'agents tensioactifs dans le fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) est augmentée de façon continue, jusqu'à atteindre la concentration de formation de micelles critique cCMC, dans lequel les signaux d'impédance mesurés sont évalués quant à une modification de la tension de surface σsur, pour constater au moyen d'une tension de surface σsur n'augmentant plus avec une concentration d'agents tensioactifs croissante que la concentration de formation de micelles critique cCMC est atteinte.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'étape (a) de l'eau ou une solution contenant des agents tensioactifs avec une concentration d'agents tensioactifs c1 est d'abord introduite dans la cuve (2) et ensuite une solution contenant des agents tensioactifs avec une concentration d'agents tensioactifs c2 > c1 ou un agent tensioactif disponible sous forme non diluée est introduit dans la cuve (2).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'étape (a) est réalisée dans une phase de mouillage.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'étape (b) est réalisée en tenant compte du type et/ou de la quantité des salissures du linge (4), dans lequel un lien entre les signaux d'impédance et les concentrations d'agents tensioactifs pour différents types et/ou quantités de salissures du linge (4) est consigné dans le dispositif de commande (8).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'enregistrement et l'évaluation de signaux d'impédance est réalisé en alimentant le capteur d'impédance en tensions électriques alternatives à fréquences variables et en évaluant les signaux d'impédance quant au déphasage ϕ et à la valeur de l'impédance.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les signaux d'impédance sont évalués quant à une conductivité électrique comme mesure d'une dureté de l'eau.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'étape (a) de mise à disposition d'un fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) dans la cuve (2), une quantité d'agents tensioactifs dépendant d'un degré de chargement en linge (4) et d'une quantité d'eau versée est introduite dans la cuve (2).
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les signaux d'impédance sont évalués quant à la composition d'un agent de lavage, en particulier aux agents tensioactifs qu'il contient, dans lequel des signaux d'impédance sont consignés dans le dispositif de commande (8) pour différents composants et quantités d'un agent de lavage.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'afin d'éviter une formation de mousse gênante dans le lave-linge (1), une concentration d'agents tensioactifs maximale cmax et/ou une concentration de micelles maximale autorisée cgrenz est respectivement consignée dans le dispositif de commande (8) pour des vitesses de rotation du tambour (3) déterminées.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'étape (c1), en présence d'une concentration d'agents tensioactifs constatée cTensid ≥ cgrenz, une dilution du fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs est réalisée de sorte que (i) une quantité prédéfinie M1 du fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs est pompée et ensuite (ii) une quantité prédéfinie M2 d'eau est ajoutée à partir de l'alimentation en eau (20) et (iii) ensuite une mesure et évaluation d'un signal d'impédance quant à la concentration d'agents tensioactifs en présence est réalisée, dans lequel les étapes (i) à (iii) sont réalisées jusqu'à ce que la condition cCMC≤ cTensid < cgrenz soit vérifiée.
  13. Lave-linge (1) avec une cuve (2), un tambour (3) pour l'accueil du linge (4), un moteur d'entraînement (5) pour le tambour (3), un capteur d'impédance (6) dans la cuve (2) pour la détermination d'un signal d'impédance en fonction d'une composition d'un fluide aqueux (7) dans la cuve (2), et un dispositif de commande (8), dans lequel le dispositif de commande (8) est aménagé pour la réalisation d'un procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    (a) mise à disposition dans la cuve (2) d'un fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) avec une concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid telle que la relation cCMC ≤ cTensid < cgrenz est vérifiée, dans lequel cCMC est une concentration de formation de micelles critique et cgrenz une concentration de micelles maximale autorisée déterminée au préalable, et dans lequel la concentration de formation de micelles critique (cCMC ) est la concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid à partir de laquelle les agents tensioactifs s'agglomèrent sous la forme de micelles dans la solution de lavage ;
    (b) mesure de la concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid dans le fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs (7) mis à disposition à l'étape (a), via l'enregistrement et l'évaluation de signaux d'impédance du capteur d'impédance (9) en utilisant un lien entre les signaux d'impédance et les concentrations d'agents tensioactifs consigné dans le dispositif de commande (8) ;
    (c) réalisation d'une phase de lavage de telle sorte que
    (c2) en présence d'une concentration d'agents tensioactifs constatée cTensid < cCMC un dosage ultérieur d'agent de lavage est réalisé et/ou un programme de déplacement du tambour (3) consigné dans le dispositif de commande (8) pour cette concentration d'agents tensioactifs est réalisé ;
    caractérisé en ce que
    (c1) en présence d'une concentration d'agents tensioactifs constatée cTensid ≥ cgrenz une dilution du fluide aqueux contenant des agents tensioactifs est réalisée, jusqu'à ce que la relation cCMC ≤ cTensid < cgrenz soit vérifiée, et le programme de déplacement du tambour (3) réalisé à l'étape (c2) en présence d'une concentration d'agents tensioactifs constatée cTensid < cCMC consiste en une durée de la phase de lavage supérieure et/ou un apport d'énergie motrice supérieur à celle/celui d'une phase de lavage dans laquelle la concentration d'agents tensioactifs cTensid vérifie la relation cCMC ≤ cTensid< cgrenz.
  14. Lave-linge (1) selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'un capteur de température (22) est disposé dans la cuve (2) et un lien entre les signaux d'impédance et les concentrations d'agents tensioactifs est consigné dans le dispositif de commande (8) pour différentes valeurs de température mesurées avec le capteur de température (22).
EP16704247.2A 2015-03-13 2016-02-15 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un lave-linge comprenant un capteur d'impédance et lave-linge pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Active EP3268528B1 (fr)

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DE102015204536.6A DE102015204536A1 (de) 2015-03-13 2015-03-13 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Waschmaschine mit einem Impedanzsensor sowie hierzu geeignete Waschmaschine
PCT/EP2016/053135 WO2016146321A1 (fr) 2015-03-13 2016-02-15 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un lave-linge comprenant un capteur d'impédance et lave-linge pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

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EP3187645B1 (fr) * 2015-12-29 2020-02-12 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag Machine à laver avec une unité de commande
EP3187646A1 (fr) 2015-12-29 2017-07-05 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag Machine à laver avec une unité de commande
CN109395618B (zh) * 2017-08-16 2021-12-24 青岛海尔滚筒洗衣机有限公司 气泡发生装置及衣物处理装置
CN110924049B (zh) * 2018-09-18 2022-10-28 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 一种洗衣机及其控制方法
CN110093750A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-06 苏州博学智能科技有限公司 一种带自助添加洗涤剂功能的智能洗衣机洗涤方法
CN110055717A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-07-26 苏州博学智能科技有限公司 一种智能洗衣机洗涤方法

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ES2128106T3 (es) 1994-12-13 1999-05-01 Unilever Nv Procedimiento para determinar la tension superficial de un liquido.
DE10042846C2 (de) * 2000-08-17 2003-08-14 Thorsten Knutz Verfahren zur qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Charakterisierung polarer Bestandteile in Flüssigkeiten, Elektrodenanordnung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens sowie Anwendung des Verfahrens und der Elektrodenanordnung
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CN107429462B (zh) 2019-11-05

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