EP3263301A1 - Device and method for producing components having at least one continuous property change - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing at least one concrete component, mineral-bonded component, inorganic material-containing component and / or held together by means of a binder component. The device comprises at least two metering devices (10), wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) is designed to meter material for forming the component, and at least one other of the at least two metering devices (10) is formed, material for forming the component to dose variably. The apparatus further comprises at least one output device (30) arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices (10), which is designed to output material in order to produce the component and provide it with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction. The invention further comprises a corresponding method for producing the component and a component which is produced by means of such a method.

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing at least one concrete component, mineral-bonded component, inorganic material-containing component or component held together by means of a binder, which is provided with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction. The invention further relates to a corresponding manufacturing method and a component which is produced by means of such a production method.

In the prior art concrete components made of homogeneous concrete mixtures (from ultra-high strength concrete to infrared light concrete) are known. Furthermore, sandwich-type and multi-layered concrete components are known, which have layers with abrupt, stepwise property change. The production of such concrete components usually takes place by casting, by wet spraying or dry spraying. Furthermore, multifunctional components are known, which are formed by a material mix (eg thermal insulation systems). It is also known to optimize components by changing the component geometry (structural lightweight). A disadvantage of the known components is that they are usually insufficiently adapted to the actual structural and structural requirements, leading to high material consumption, weight increase, high transport costs, waste of resources and high CO ₂ emissions.

In view of the above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that there is a need to solve or overcome the above-described problems or disadvantages. The invention addresses this need in the art as well as other needs which will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.

The objects resulting from the above can be achieved in particular with the features of the independent claims. However, the invention is not limited to embodiments which eliminate all the problems or disadvantages of the prior art mentioned above. Rather, the invention also generally claims protection for the embodiments described below.

According to the invention, an apparatus is provided for producing at least one component, in particular a concrete component, a mineral-bonded component, preferably a component containing predominantly inorganic material, and / or a component held together by a binder.

In particular, the device has at least two, preferably separate and / or parallel, metering devices, wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices is designed to meter material for the component, and at least one other of the at least two metering devices is formed, material for the component expedient at least temporarily variable to dose.

The device further comprises at least one dispensing device to dispense (preferably the metered and / or variably metered) material.

The component is advantageously produced such that it is provided with at least one continuous (in particular graded) or approximated continuous (in particular graded) property change in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions. The property change is expedient a functional property change.

For the sake of brevity, the "at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change" is usually referred to below as "continuous property change".

The continuous change in the properties advantageously makes it possible for the component to be adapted to a structural physical and / or structural structural requirement profile (which actually occurs). Thus, the component composition / structure preferably follows a building physics and / or structural requirement profile. As a result, it is possible, for example, to achieve an at least approximately homogeneous state of stress, an improvement in the thermal insulation properties and a multifunctionality (eg carrying, insulating, sealing) of the component. For example, by means of the continuous property change, an improvement in the component properties can be achieved by a local adaptation of the porosity and thus the strength and rigidity to actually occurring stress states in the component, eg by means of lightweight aggregates, pore formers, etc. Consequently, a mass and material savings and, for example, lower Component dimensions feasible, resulting in a more positive life cycle assessment leads compared to conventional components. In building construction, the mass and material savings also lead advantageously to a gain in usable space.

Furthermore, the continuous change in properties can ensure a permanent bond of component regions of different material, in particular concrete composition.

The continuous change in properties can be used in addition to the adaptation of the component to load-structural and structural-physical requirement profiles and the adaptation of the component to economic and environmental requirement profiles. For example, resource efficiency, CO ₂ footprint, reduction of the embodied energy in the component, and / or improved recyclability, etc. can be achieved.

The continuous change in properties relates in particular to at least one of the following: thermal conductivity, strength, rigidity, bulk density, porosity, air-entraining, pigmentation, water content, fiber content, water vapor diffusion resistance, water penetration depth and content and type of aggregates, additives, additives and other possible component components, in particular concrete component components.

In particular, the invention makes it possible to produce varietally pure, e.g. purely mineral and yet multifunctional components. Thus, it is possible to dispense with a disadvantageous material mix that is not based on type of material (poor recyclability) and still advantageously achieve reduced component dimensions.

The component is particularly used in civil engineering and / or civil engineering and can be designed, for example, as part of the building shell, Exterior wall, cladding panel, as part of the structure, floor slab, beam, wall, beam, beam, column, column wall, foundation, noise barrier, exterior design, partition wall, tunnel wall, bridge construction, deck plate, tank, pipe, etc.

In the context of the invention, the continuous property change comprises, in particular, a flowing, graded, continuous and / or stepless change in property. In the context of the invention, the approximated continuous property change comprises, in particular, a stepwise or discontinuous property change, e.g. can be achieved by means of a multilayer structure or another suitable approximation structure. The approximated continuous property change, in particular the multi-layer structure, is preferably approximated to a continuous property change such that the deviation from the continuous property change is expediently negligible with regard to a structural-structural and / or structural-physical requirement profile to be achieved. For example, the approximated continuous property change may be approximated by a multilayer structure having at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 or 100 different layers to a continuous property change.

The property change can be formed in the component interior and / or on the surface of the component.

The at least one dispensing device is in particular formed downstream of the at least two metering devices.

Preferably, the material supplied to a metering device is different from that of the other metering device supplied material, for example in nature, composition and / or property. It is particularly preferred that the material fed to a metering device has reciprocal or opposite properties relative to the material supplied to the other metering device, for example one with high density, strength and thermal conductivity and the other with low density, strength and thermal conductivity.

The term "material" in the context of the invention includes in particular also materials and / or a material mixture, e.g. liquid material, granulated material, water, cement, aggregates, additives, additives, air pores, functional materials, gypsum, plaster, fibers, displacement bodies, foam plastic bodies, hollow bodies or other e.g. prefabricated functional bodies (of any size, geometry and / or density, for example with diameters of several centimeters, approximately greater than 5, 10, 15 or 20 cm, preferably of ultrahigh-strength fiber fine grain concrete), etc. and / or a mixture thereof. The material can be provided in quasi pure form and / or mixed form.

In the context of the invention, it is possible that the at least two metering devices are designed to dose material to form the component variable.

The device preferably comprises a measure which ensures that a material which has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices and a material which has been variably metered by another of the at least two metering devices are mixed with one another. The at least one measure is preferably formed downstream of the at least two metering devices. It is possible that the continuous change in property due to the variable dosage and / or by variation of the mixing ratio the materials is achieved. The variable dosage and / or the variation preferably takes place continuously (eg graded), in particular fluently.

For example, it is possible to mix from virtually pure starting materials or from premixed material mixtures, or a premixed material mixture or a quasi-pure starting material can be modified by admixing further materials / material mixtures.

It is possible that the device comprises at least one mixing device (eg a continuous mixer, a continuous mixer, a mixer mixing through the geometry of its mixing chamber, a static mixer, a dynamic mixer, a mixing device mixed by means of compressed air turbulence (eg with the aid of a Ring nozzle), etc.). Preferably, the mixing device is designed to mix a material which has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices and a material which has been variably metered by another of the at least two metering devices. For example, the mixing device can be arranged upstream of the at least one output device or within the at least one output device.

It is possible that the device has at least two, three or more than three preferably parallel arranged output devices to output material. The at least two dispensing devices are preferably arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices.

Preferably, at least one first dispensing device is designed to dispense material that has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices by means of a spray jet and a second dispenser is adapted to dispense material that has been variably metered from another of the at least two metering devices by means of a spray jet. In particular, the at least one first and second output device are designed such that the material output from the first output device and the material output from the second output device mix by intersecting the spray jets. In this embodiment, the mixing takes place in the spray and / or downstream outside the at least one first and second dispensing means, or preferably generally outside the apparatus. The sprays are preferably spray cones.

In the context of the invention, therefore, metered material can be mixed with variably metered material or variably metered material can be mixed with variably metered material, in particular upstream, in and / or downstream of at least one dispensing device. The intermixing is particularly continuous (e.g., graded, continuous).

It is possible for at least one of the at least two metering devices to be formed (preferably the at least two metering devices) in order to meter material continuously or in an approximated continuously variable manner. For example, the variable dosage may be varied over a period of at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, or 180 seconds. It is also possible for the at least two metering devices to dose conventionally, at least temporarily, appropriately.

In the context of the invention, a continuously changing metering comprises in particular a flowing, graded, continuous and / or stepless dosing. In the context of the invention, an approximated continuously changed metering comprises, in particular, a stepwise or unsteady metering. The approximated continuously changed metering is in particular approximated by means of at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 or 100 approximation steps to a continuously changed metering, whereby the approximated continuous property change generated on the component compared to the continuous property change with respect to a achievable Tragstrukturelles and / or building physics requirement profile is expedient negligible.

The at least one dispensing device is preferably a dispensing device for spraying off material, in particular in order to achieve a flat material application. In this case, the spraying can be carried out e.g. by means of a wet or dry spray method. Preferably, the at least one output device comprises a compressed air connection in order to spray off material supported by compressed air.

It is also possible for the at least one dispenser to be an infeed bar to remove material e.g. pour layer by layer, especially to achieve a linear material application. The insertion bar may e.g. Slit-shaped openings (for example, opposite and / or offset from each other), in particular for receiving material on one side and material output in a defined width on the other side. In this case, the output of the materials preferably takes place without compressed air.

It is also possible that the at least one output device is a print head or a nozzle in order to output material drop-shaped and / or continuously, in particular to a pointwise, discrete and / or linear material application to achieve. Preferably, the output of the material takes place continuously and / or without compressed air.

Preferably, the device comprises a particularly automated movement device (guide device) for moving (guiding) the at least one output device. The moving means may comprise the at least one output means e.g. pivot, rotate, move horizontally, move vertically, move in an arc, etc .. The movement device is used in particular for exact positioning and / or aligning the at least one output device.

It is possible that the moving means comprises a distributor mast or articulated arm (e.g., multi-joint mast or multi-joint arm). It is also possible for the movement device to comprise a robot, in particular a 5-axis or 6-axis robot. The movement device can also comprise a portal construction, which is preferably movable and / or on which at least one dispensing device is movably arranged, preferably horizontally, axially and / or pivotably.

It is possible that the movement means comprises a preferably uniaxial and / or vertically movable support structure which may be a plurality of e.g. grid-shaped output devices (e.g., at least three, four, eight, or twelve). Advantageously, the dispensers may be e.g. individually different (e.g., for multi-axis property change) or collectively the same (e.g., for uniaxial property change).

Preferably, the at least two metering devices are individually actuated during operation. Likewise, several output devices can be controlled individually during operation.

It is possible that the device has at least one detection device for detecting at least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific state parameter (for example state variable, state property, positioning, etc.). The detection may e.g. before, during and / or after the manufacture of the component.

The detection device is preferably movable together with the at least one output device and, e.g. attached to the at least one output device or to the movement device.

It is also possible for the detection device to be stationary, ie not moved with the output device or the movement device. The stationary detection device is e.g. positioned outside a formwork for the component or integrated in the formwork for the component.

It is possible for the device to have a detection device for detecting at least one material flow-specific state parameter, which is e.g. is present within the device (e.g., volume flow, state size, state property, etc.). The detection may e.g. before, during and / or after the manufacture of the component.

In the context of the invention, the component-specific state parameter comprises in particular at least one of the following: geometry, layer thickness, position, dimension, composition, texture and presence of the material application and thus of the component or at least a part thereof and any other properties characterizing the component or the material application. In the context of the invention, the component-influencing condition parameter comprises in particular at least one of the following: geometry, position, position, orientation and presence of a reinforcement for the component, an installation part for the component or in general other state parameters affecting the component and / or the production process that are present at the production location of the component, by means of at least one output device output material (eg spray jet (s), etc.), distance of the at least one output device for material application, formwork, installation part, etc. and also eg climatic state parameters such as air temperature, humidity, etc. The device-specific state parameter comprises within the scope of the invention in particular at least one of the following: position, position, orientation and speed of the at least one output device and / or the movement device and generally the device characterizing parameters (eg static and / or dynamic properties). Within the scope of the invention, the material flow-specific state parameter encompasses at least one of the following: one or more material volume flows, composition and consistency of the material volume flows, delivery pressure, etc. The above-mentioned state parameters may include, for example, changing, dynamic, static, immutable, etc. States, characteristics, properties, etc. act.

In the context of the invention, the detection comprises in particular measuring, measuring, detecting and / or monitoring. The at least one detection device can thus be a measuring device, measuring device, detection device and / or monitoring device (eg sensor, laser sensor, laser point sensor, 3D laser scanner, pressure sensor, etc.), whereby it can be determined, for example, whether the component is manufactured correctly.

Preferably, the device comprises a particular electronic control device (eg, a control and / or regulating device), which is preferably connected to at least one control section (eg, a controllable and / or controllable section) to at least one control section and / or dosing at least one of the at least two metering devices eg by means of at least one actuator, actuator, valve, or other suitable means of controlling (e.g., controlling and / or controlling), preferably in real time. In a particularly noteworthy embodiment of the invention, a control device is connected to one of the at least two metering devices in order to control the metering and / or connected to the other of the at least two metering devices in order to control the metering in such a way that it is variable; eg as mentioned above, as a function of at least one of the state parameters described above and / or a computer-generated model of the component to be produced described below.

The control device is preferably connected to at least one of the two detection devices and / or the at least one control section by means of a control circuit (control and / or regulating circuit).

The control device is preferably designed to control the at least one control section in dependence on the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device, e.g. to control over the control circuit.

In addition, the control device is designed in particular in dependence on a computer-generated model (3D CAD design - CAD: Computer Aided Design) of the product to be produced Component, in particular this performing data / information to control the at least one control section. For this purpose, the control device may comprise, for example, a memory unit in which the computer-generated model, in particular this representative data / information can be stored, and / or an interface for transferring the computer-generated model, in particular this representative data / information, into the control device. The computer-generated model can include the component geometry to be achieved, the material structure to be achieved and / or the material composition of the component to be achieved (eg type, porosity, air pore content, pigmentation, distribution of the materials, composition of the materials, fiber and reinforcement content, mechanical properties, etc .).

In the context of the invention, an active control (control, regulation) or influencing of the at least one control section on the basis of a comparison of actual and desired state is possible, in particular by detecting at least one state parameter (actual size), comparing with target value. Size (eg from computer-generated model), appropriate control or influence of the control section, and if necessary, re-capture, compare, appropriate control, etc ..

It should be mentioned that the device has at least one, preferably two, conveying devices (eg pumps, screw pumps, etc.) for conveying the materials, which are preferably arranged upstream of the at least two metering devices. At least one of the at least two metering devices can be designed as a conveyor.

The at least one control section may e.g. one of the following: the one of the at least two metering devices to thereby advantageously control the metering, the other of the at least two metering devices to thereby advantageously control the variable metering, the at least one dispenser, a plurality of dispensers, e.g. individually different or collectively identically controllable, the at least one measure, the moving means and / or the at least two conveyors for conveying the materials and other suitable variable device parameters.

It should be noted that at least one of the at least two metering devices e.g. as a flow restrictor, valve, etc. may be formed.

It is possible that the device comprises at least three, four, eight or twelve dispensers, e.g. are arranged in a grid or in series adjacent to each other. As already mentioned above, it is possible that the output devices e.g. individually different (e.g., for multi-axis property change) or collectively the same (e.g., for uniaxial property change).

The at least two metering devices are arranged in particular in parallel and / or designed for independent metering. In addition, the at least two output devices are also arranged in particular in parallel, which also applies expediently to the at least two conveyors.

It should also be mentioned that the individual devices described above, such as the metering devices, the mixing device and / or the dispensing device, become devices can be summarized, which fulfill several of the functions mentioned at the same time.

Within the scope of the invention, it is possible for the metering to be carried out by means of the at least one metering device and the variable metering to be carried out by means of the at least one other metering device to be simultaneously, temporally overlapping and / or temporally spaced, e.g. is performed sequentially.

The invention also encompasses a method for producing at least one component, in particular a concrete component, a mineral-bonded component, preferably a component containing predominantly inorganic material, and / or a component held together by a binder. The method is preferably carried out with a device as described herein.

Preferably, in the method, material for forming the component is metered by means of at least one of at least two metering devices.

Furthermore, material for forming the component is variably metered by means of at least one other of the at least two metering devices.

In addition, for example, by means of at least one dispensing device arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices, material can be dispensed to produce the component and provided with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions.

Further method steps result from the above description concerning the device, which is referred to in order to avoid repetition. In addition, the invention comprises a component produced by means of the method according to the invention. In the context of the invention, it is possible that the component produced by the method according to the invention is further processed and / or modified.

• Es ist möglich, dass Material, das von der einen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen dosiert wurde, und Material, das von der anderen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen veränderlich dosiert wurde, miteinander vermischt werden, und vorzugsweise ein Mischungsverhältnis gebildet wird, wobei durch Variation des Mischungsverhältnisses die Eigenschaftsänderung erzielt wird.

The method of the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features:

• It is possible that material that has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices, and material that has been variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices, are mixed together, and preferably a mixing ratio is formed, wherein by varying the mixing ratio Property change is achieved.

Further, material metered by one of the at least two metering devices and material variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices may be mixed together by at least one mixing device upstream of the at least one dispenser or in the at least one dispenser is arranged.

At least one first dispensing device may dispense material dispensed from one of the at least two dispensers by means of a spray, and a second dispenser may dispense material variably dispensed from the other of the at least two dispensers by means of a spray. The output from the first output device material and that of the second Issued output device material can mix by overlapping the spray jets.

Preferably, at least one of the at least two metering devices continuously meters or continuously approximates material.

The at least one output device may, for. B. be a sprayer, the material sprayed off, in particular, to achieve a flat material application. The at least one dispensing device may be an infeed rail that pours material, in particular to achieve a linear material application. However, the at least one dispensing device can also be a print head or a nozzle, which dispenses the material drop-shaped or continuously, in particular in order to achieve a pointwise or discrete material application.

The at least one output device is moved by means of an automated movement device.

It is possible that at least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific state parameter is detected by means of at least one first detection device, wherein preferably the at least one detection device is moved together with the at least one output device or is stationary.

It is also possible for at least one material-flow-specific state parameter, which is present within the device for producing the component, to be detected by means of at least one second detection device.

A control device may expediently control at least one control section or the metering of at least one of the at least two metering devices, preferably in real time.

The control device may preferably control the at least one control section as a function of the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device.

The control device may expediently control the at least one control section as a function of a computer-generated model of the component to be produced.

The at least one control section preferably comprises at least one of the following: one of the at least two metering devices, the other of the at least two metering devices, in particular to control the variable metering, the at least one dispensing device, a plurality of dispensing devices individually individually or collectively the same are controllable, the at least one mixing device, the movement device, and / or at least one of at least two conveyors for conveying the materials.

Figur 1:

zeigt schematisch eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Bauteils gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 2:

zeigt schematisch ein Mischprinzip gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 3:

zeigt schematisch ein Mischprinzip gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 4:

zeigt schematisch ein Mischprinzip gemäß einer wiederum anderen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung,

Figur 5:

zeigt eine Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung, bei der ein Mischvorgang der Materialen zum Ausbilden des Bauteils stromaufwärts einer Ausgabeeinrichtung erfolgt,

Figur 6:

zeigt eine Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung, bei der ein Mischvorgang der Materialen zum Ausbilden des Bauteils innerhalb einer Ausgabeeinrichtung erfolgt,

Figur 7:

zeigt eine Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung, bei der ein Mischvorgang der Materialen zum Ausbilden des Bauteils stromabwärts außerhalb zweier Ausgabeeinrichtungen oder allgemein außerhalb der Vorrichtung zum Herstellen des Bauteils erfolgt,

Figur 8:

zeigt schematisch ein Materialauftragsprinzip gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei dem die Materialien zum Ausbilden des Bauteils mittels eines Druckkopfes ausgegeben werden,

Figur 9:

zeigt schematisch ein Materialauftragsprinzip gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei dem die Materialien zum Ausbilden des Bauteils mittels einer Einbringleiste ausgegeben werden,

Figur 10:

zeigt schematisch ein Materialauftragsprinzip gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei dem die Materialien zum Ausbilden des Bauteils mittels einer Absprüheinrichtung abgesprüht werden,

Figur 11:

zeigt eine Bewegungseinrichtung in Form eines Verteilermastes oder Gelenkarms gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 12:

zeigt eine Bewegungseinrichtung in Form einer beweglichen Portalkonstruktion, an der eine Ausgabeeinrichtung beweglich montiert ist, gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 13:

zeigt eine Bewegungseinrichtung mit einer Vielzahl von in einem Raster angeordneten Ausgabeeinrichtungen gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 14:

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung von Zuständen, die vor und während der Herstellung des Bauteils vorzufinden sind, sowie mögliche Arten und Positionen von Erfassungseinrichtungen,

Figur 15:

zeigt eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die Materialien zum Ausbilden des Bauteils stromabwärts außerhalb zweier Ausgabeeinrichtungen im Sprühnebel miteinander vermischt werden,

Figur 16:

zeigt eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die Materialien zum Ausbilden des Bauteils stromabwärts außerhalb dreier Ausgabeeinrichtungen im Sprühnebel miteinander vermischt werden,

Figur 17:

zeigt ein Bauteil mit eindimensional kontinuierlicher oder approximiert kontinuierlicher Eigenschaftsänderung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 18:

zeigt ein Bauteil mit zweidimensional kontinuierlicher oder approximiert kontinuierlicher Eigenschaftsänderung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 19:

zeigt ein Bauteil mit dreidimensional kontinuierlicher oder approximiert kontinuierlicher Eigenschaftsänderung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 20:

zeigt eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung der Erzeugung und des resultierenden Gefüge-Aufbaus einer kontinuierlichen oder approximiert kontinuierlichen Eigenschaftsänderung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,

Figur 21:

zeigt ein Flussdiagram eines Verfahrens gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, und

Figur 22:

zeigt ein Flussdiagram eines Verfahrens gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

The above features according to the invention and embodiments can be combined with one another as desired. Other advantageous developments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims or will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1:

shows schematically a schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing a component according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 2:

shows schematically a mixing principle according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 3:

shows schematically a mixing principle according to another embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 4:

shows schematically a mixing principle according to yet another embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 5:

shows an embodiment according to the invention, in which a mixing process of the materials for forming the component takes place upstream of an output device,

FIG. 6:

shows an embodiment according to the invention, in which a mixing process of the materials for forming the component takes place within an output device,

FIG. 7:

shows an embodiment according to the invention, in which a mixing operation of the materials for forming the component takes place downstream outside two dispensing devices or generally outside the device for producing the component,

FIG. 8:

schematically shows a material application principle according to an embodiment of the invention, in the materials for forming the component are output by means of a print head,

FIG. 9:

12 schematically shows a material application principle according to an embodiment of the invention, in which the materials for forming the component are output by means of an insertion strip,

FIG. 10:

shows schematically a material application principle according to an embodiment of the invention, in which the materials for forming the component are sprayed by means of a spraying device,

FIG. 11:

shows a movement device in the form of a distribution boom or articulated arm according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 12:

shows a moving device in the form of a movable gantry structure, on which an output device is movably mounted, according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 13:

shows a moving device with a plurality of arranged in a grid output devices according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 14:

shows a schematic representation of conditions that can be found before and during the manufacture of the component, as well as possible types and positions of detection devices,

FIG. 15:

shows a schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention, in which the materials for forming the component downstream of two dispensers are mixed together in the spray,

FIG. 16:

shows a schematic diagram of a principle according to another embodiment of the invention, in which the materials for forming the component downstream of three dispensers are mixed together in the spray,

FIG. 17:

shows a component with one-dimensional continuous or approximated continuous property change according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 18:

shows a component with two-dimensional continuous or approximated continuous property change according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 19:

shows a component with three-dimensionally continuous or approximated continuous property change according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 20:

2 shows a schematic basic representation of the generation and the resulting microstructure of a continuous or approximated continuous property change according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 21:

shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention, and

FIG. 22:

shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the invention.

The embodiments shown in the figures are partially identical, with similar or identical parts being provided with the same reference numerals, and to the explanation of which reference is also made to the description of one or more other embodiments in order to avoid repetition.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus 1 for manufacturing a component according to an embodiment of the invention. The component to be produced is a concrete component, mineral-bonded component, inorganic material-containing component or component held together by means of a binder. The device 1 has three separate, parallel-arranged metering devices 10, which can be supplied via three parallel feeders 20 with different materials for forming the component. The materials can be supplied to the three metering devices 10, for example in virtually pure form or as mixtures. The three metering devices 10 are designed to meter the material supplied to them continuously, in particular in a graded variable manner.

The device 1 comprises a measure 40.1, which ensures that the metered materials are mixed together. The measure 40.1 is formed by a mixing device which is arranged downstream of the three metering devices 10. The device 1 also comprises three parallel ones Conveyors 80 for conveying the materials. The apparatus 1 further comprises an output device 30 arranged downstream of the three metering devices and downstream of the measure 40.1 for dispensing the metered and mixed materials by means of a spray jet ST in order to produce a material application MA in a formwork 100 and to produce the component. The component is produced such that it is provided with at least one functional continuous property change in at least one spatial direction.

The device 1 also comprises a movement device 50 for moving the delivery device 30 during the manufacture of the component and a detection device 60, which is described with reference to FIGS FIGS. 11 to 14 be described in more detail.

Furthermore, the device 1 comprises a control section (in FIG. 1 schematically indicated by means of the arrow) and a control device (control / regulation device) 70, which is connected to the control section and the detection device 60. The control device 70 is designed to control the control section, for example by means of one or more actuators, depending on the state parameters detected by the detection device 60 and in dependence on a 3D CAD model (CAD: Computer Added Design) of the component to be produced. The control section comprises the movement device 50 and the three metering devices 10, which makes it possible in particular to control the continuous metering. It is also possible for the control section to comprise further devices of the device 1, for example the mixing device 40.1, the dispensing device 30 and the conveying devices 80. Likewise, the checking may alternatively or additionally be detected in dependence Material flow-specific state parameters that are present during the manufacturing process within the device 1 and detected by a further, not shown, connected to the control device 70 detection device.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a mixing principle according to an embodiment of the invention. The mixing principle is based on two, for example, homogeneous starting mixtures A and B, which preferably have reciprocal properties (eg starting mixture A with high density, high strength and high thermal conductivity and starting mixture B with low density, low strength and low thermal conductivity). FIG. 3 schematically shows a mixing principle according to another embodiment of the invention. The mixing principle is based on a starting mixture which is modified by mixing in other materials such as aggregates (eg gravel, sand, gravel or other common aggregates) and / or additives (eg color pigments, organic substances, fibers and other common concrete admixtures). FIG. 4 shows schematically a mixing principle according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The mixing principle is based on the fact that the materials for the formation of the component, such as water, cement, aggregates, additives, additives, are virtually mixed together in pure form. With reference to the FIGS. 2 to 4 For example, the continuous property change is achieved by varying the mixing ratio of the starting materials and, in particular, by suitably varying the dosage of the starting materials.

FIG. 5 shows a measure 40.1 according to an embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed together. The measure 40.1 comprises a mixing device, the is arranged upstream of the output device 30. The mixing device may be, for example, a continuous mixer.

FIG. 6 shows a measure 40.2 according to another embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed together. The measure 40.2 comprises a mixing device which is accommodated in the output device 30. The mixing device may, for example, be a mixing device which generates a mixture by the geometry of its mixing chamber, or a mixing device which generates a mixture by compressed air turbulence (eg with the aid of an annular nozzle).

FIG. 7 shows a measure 40.3 according to yet another embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed together. The measure 40.3 comprises two discharge devices 30 which are designed such that the materials are emitted by means of spraying jets and are mixed with one another by intersection of the spraying jets, which consequently takes place downstream outside the two discharge devices 30. The mixing process can be carried out, for example, by means of a wet or dry spraying process, in which, preferably, for example, two homogeneous starting mixtures were preferably conveyed in parallel and metered separately.

FIG. 8 schematically shows a material application MA according to an embodiment of the invention. In the FIG. 8 shown dispenser 30 is designed as a printhead or nozzle to output the materials drop-shaped and / or continuously, whereby a pointwise or discrete material application is achieved. The material is applied without compressed air.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a material application MA according to another embodiment of the invention. The dispenser 30 is designed as an infeed rail to preferably pour the materials for forming the component in layers, thereby achieving a linear material coverage MA. The insertion strip comprises slot-shaped openings, which are arranged opposite to one another or offset from one another, for receiving material on one side and material delivery in a defined width on the other side. The width of the feed bar is less than or equal to the width of the formwork 100. The material is applied without compressed air.

FIG. 10 schematically shows a material application MA according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The dispensing device 30 is designed as a spraying device to spray off the materials for forming the component, whereby a flat material application is achieved. The spraying can take place by means of a wet or dry spraying process. The material is applied by means of compressed air.

FIG. 11 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an automated movement device 50 for moving the output device 30 according to an embodiment of the invention. The movement device 50 is a distributor boom or articulated arm with multiple degrees of freedom. The movement device 50 may be, for example, a 5-axis or 6-axis robot. The spray axis of the output device 30 can thus always be aligned orthogonal to the tangential plane at the job site. Suitable locations include: in situ, precast plant or field factory. This embodiment advantageously allows, for example, curved components. In the FIG. 11 shown arrows exemplify the movement possibilities of the movement device 50 by way of example.

FIG. 12 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an automated movement device 50 for moving the output device 30 according to an embodiment of the invention. The movement device 50 comprises a gantry structure on which an output device 30 is movably mounted, eg horizontally and vertically movable and pivotable as needed. The portal construction can be moved horizontally. In the FIG. 12 arrows shown symbolize the movement possibilities of the movement device 50 and the output device 30th

FIG. 13 shows an automated movement device 50 for moving a plurality of output devices 30 according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The moving device 50 includes a movable support structure that holds a plurality of raster output devices 30. The support structure and thus the grid of the plurality of output devices 30 are preferably uniaxial and in particular vertically movable. As a result, advantageously an economical production of planar components can be realized, for example in the precast plant. Advantageously stepless property transitions in Z-axis are also possible.

FIG. 14 shows a schematic representation of conditions that can be found before and during the manufacture of the component at the manufacturing site of the component and a plurality of detection means 60, 60 ', 60''for detecting corresponding state parameters. The detection devices 60 and 60 'are used for measuring and detecting component-specific (eg composition, geometry, layer thickness, material density, component properties, etc.), component-influencing (eg formwork 100, reinforcement 101, built-in part 102, temperature, Humidity, etc.) and device-specific (eg position, speed, orientation, etc. of the output device 30 or the movement device 50) state parameters. The detection device 60 is movable together with the output device 30 and designed as a laser point sensor. The detection device 60 'is stationary, independent of the output device 30 and designed as a 3D laser scanner. The detection device 60 "is integrated in the formwork 100 and can detect, for example, the weight of the material application or the presence of material deposition. The detection device 60" is embodied as a pressure sensor.

The detection devices 60, 60 'and 60 "and their output data are integrated into the process chain for the production of the component and taken into account, in particular simultaneous detection of material flow-specific state parameters (eg one or more parallel material volume flows, consistency and / or composition of the material volume flows, delivery pressure, etc.). ) within the device 1 by means of a further, not shown detection device and feedback with a control circuit, the control of the control section (ie in particular the variable device parameters), which thus represents a control section, take place in real time.

FIG. 15 schematically shows a schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention. The embodiment comprises two parallel arranged material containers X and Y, two parallel conveyors 80, two parallel metering devices 10 and two parallel dispensers 30. The two dispensers 30 each comprise a compressed air port 31 for compressed air assisted dispensing.

The material container X is provided for a starting mixture A. The starting mixture A is conveyed by the conveyor 80 to the metering device 10, metered by the metering device 10, and forwarded to the output device 30, which outputs the starting mixture A by means of a spray jet ST1. The material container Y is provided for a starting mixture B. The starting mixture B is conveyed by the other conveyor 80 to the other metering device 10, continuously metered by the other metering device 10 continuously variable, and forwarded to the other output device 30, which outputs the starting mixture B by means of a spray jet ST2. The dispensers 30 are formed so as to overlap the sprays ST1, ST2 to mix the raw materials A, B with each other.

FIG. 16 shows yet another embodiment of the invention, in which three output devices 30 are formed to output material by means of a respective spray jet ST1, ST2, ST3. Supplements are supplied to one of the output devices 30, another output device 30 is supplied with an output mixture, and additives are supplied to the remaining output device 30. The dispensers 30 are configured such that the supplement spray ST1, the source mixture spray ST3, and the auxiliary spray ST2 intersect to mix the aggregates, the starting mixture, and the additives.

FIG. 17 schematically shows a representation of a component BT with continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property change in a spatial direction. The varying circle diameters symbolize the property change of the material composition and thus of the component BT. Application examples are flat components, walls, cladding panels, etc.

FIG. 18 schematically shows a representation of a component BT with continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property change in two spatial directions. Again, the varying circle diameter symbolize the change in property of the material composition and thus of the component BT. Application examples are cylindrical components, columns, pipes, etc.

FIG. 19 schematically shows a representation of a component BT with continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property change in three spatial directions. Likewise, the varying circle diameters symbolize the change in the properties of the material composition and thus of the component BT. Application examples are floor slabs, beams, cantilevers, etc.

The FIG. 20 schematically shows the generation and the structure or the structure of the continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property changes by varying the material composition and in particular the mixing ratio of the metered by means of at least two metering devices 10 materials. Variable parameters include eg the content, the size, the packing density, the type, the orientation and the ratio of the different materials.

FIG. 21 FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a component, which is carried out with the device 1, according to an embodiment of the invention.

In a step S1, a material A (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to a metering device 30. In a parallel step S1 ', a different kind of material B (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to another metering device 30.

In a step S2, the material A is e.g. controlled by a control device (e.g., controlled or regulated). In a parallel step S2 ', the material B is e.g. controlled by the control means (e.g., controlled or regulated) variably metered.

In a step S3, the material A is guided to an output device 30. In a parallel step S3 ', the material B is guided to another output device 30.

In a step S4, the material A is discharged from the one discharge device 30 by means of a spray jet, and the material B is discharged from the other discharge device 30 by means of a spray jet. The two sprays overlap to mix the materials A and B together. The mixing thus takes place downstream of the dispensers 30 in the spray. By means of suitable metering of the materials A and B, suitable variation of the mixing ratio of the materials A and B and suitable movement of the dispensers 30 by means of the movement means 50, a component with continuous or approximated continuous property change can be produced.

FIG. 22 FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of a method of manufacturing a component carried out with the device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.

In a step S1, a material A (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to a metering device 30. In a parallel step S1 ', a material B (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is conducted to another metering device 30.

In a step S2, the material A is e.g. controlled by a control device (e.g., controlled or regulated). In a parallel step S2 ', the material B is e.g. controlled by a control device (e.g., controlled or regulated) variably metered.

In a step S3, the material A is guided to an output device 30. In a parallel step S3 ', the material B is guided to the same output device 30.

In a step S4, the materials A and B are mixed within the dispenser 30 by means of a mixer. In an alternative embodiment, it is possible for the materials A and B to be mixed together upstream of the dispenser 30 by means of a mixer.

In a step S5, the intermixed materials A and B are discharged from the dispenser 30 to manufacture a component. The component is produced such that it is provided with a graded change in property in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions.

The in the Figures 21 and 22 parallel executed steps can also be performed, for example overlapping in time and / or in succession.

The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, a variety of variants and modifications are possible, which also make use of the concept of the invention and therefore fall within the scope. In particular, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter of the individual subclaims, independently of the subject matter of the claims referred to.

1. 1. Vorrichtung zum Herstellen zumindest eines Betonbauteils, mineralisch gebundenen Bauteils, anorganisches Material enthaltenden Bauteils und/oder mittels eines Bindemittels zusammengehaltenen Bauteils, mit
   • zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10), wobei mindestens eine der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) ausgebildet ist, Material zum Ausbilden des Bauteils zu dosieren, und mindestens eine andere der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) ausgebildet ist, Material zum Ausbilden des Bauteils veränderlich zu dosieren, und
   • zumindest einer stromabwärts der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) angeordneten Ausgabeeinrichtung (30), die ausgebildet ist, Material auszugeben, um das Bauteil herzustellen und mit zumindest einer kontinuierlichen oder approximiert kontinuierlichen Eigenschaftsänderung in zumindest einer Raumrichtung zu versehen.
2. 2. Vorrichtung nach Punkt 1, wobei die Vorrichtung zumindest eine Maßnahme (40.1; 40.2; 40.3) aufweist, die dafür sorgt, dass Material, das von der einen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) dosiert wurde, und Material, das von der anderen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) veränderlich dosiert wurde, miteinander vermischt werden und vorzugsweise ein Mischungsverhältnis bilden, wobei durch Variation des Mischungsverhältnisses die Eigenschaftsänderung erzielt wird.
3. 3. Vorrichtung nach Punkt 1 oder 2, wobei die Vorrichtung zumindest eine Mischeinrichtung (40.1; 40.2) umfasst, die stromaufwärts der zumindest einen Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) oder in der zumindest einen Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) angeordnet ist und ausgebildet ist, Material, das von der einen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) dosiert wurde, und Material, das von der anderen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) veränderlich dosiert wurde, miteinander zu vermischen.
4. 4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, wobei die Vorrichtung zumindest eine erste Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) aufweist, um Material, das von der einen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) dosiert wurde, mittels eines Sprühstrahls (ST1) auszugeben, und eine zweite Ausgabeeinrichtung (30), aufweist, um Material, das von der anderen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) veränderlich dosiert wurde, mittels eines Sprühstrahls (ST2) auszugeben, und die zumindest eine erste und zweite Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) so ausgebildet sind, dass sich das aus der ersten Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) ausgegebene Material und das aus der zweiten Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) ausgegebene Material durch Überschneidung der Sprühstrahlen (ST1, ST2) miteinander vermischen.
5. 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, wobei zumindest eine der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) ausgebildet ist, um Material kontinuierlich oder approximiert kontinuierlich veränderlich zu dosieren.
6. 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, wobei die zumindest eine Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) eine Absprüheinrichtung ist, um Material abzusprühen, insbesondere, um einen flächigen Materialauftrag zu erzielen.
7. 7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 5, wobei die Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) eine Einbringleiste ist, um Material zu gießen, insbesondere, um einen linearen Materialauftrag zu erzielen.
8. 8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 5, wobei die zumindest eine Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) ein Druckkopf oder eine Düse ist, um Material tropfenförmig oder kontinuierlich auszugeben, insbesondere, um einen punktweisen oder diskreten Materialauftrag zu erzielen.
9. 9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, wobei die Vorrichtung eine vorzugsweise automatisierte Bewegungseinrichtung (50) zum Bewegen der zumindest einen Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) aufweist.
10. 10. Vorrichtung nach Punkt 9, wobei die Bewegungseinrichtung (50)
    • einen Verteilermast oder Gelenkarm umfasst,
    • einen Roboter umfasst, insbesondere einen 5-Achs- oder 6-Achs-Roboter,
    • eine Portalkonstruktion umfasst, die vorzugsweise verfahrbar ist und an der vorzugsweise zumindest eine Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) bewegbar angeordnet ist, und/oder
    • eine Haltekonstruktion umfasst, die eine Vielzahl rasterförmig angeordneter Ausgabeeinrichtungen (30) hält.
11. 11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, wobei die Vorrichtung zumindest eine erste Erfassungseinrichtung (60) zum Erfassen zumindest eines bauteilspezifischen, bauteilbeeinflussenden und/oder vorrichtungsspezifischen Zustandsparameters aufweist.
12. 12. Vorrichtung nach Punkt 11, wobei die erste Erfassungseinrichtung (60)
    • zusammen mit der zumindest einen Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) bewegbar ist, oder
      • stationär ist, insbesondere außerhalb einer Schalung (100) für das Bauteil positioniert oder in der Schalung (100) für das Bauteil integriert.
13. 13. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, wobei die Vorrichtung eine zweite Erfassungseinrichtung zum Erfassen zumindest eines materialstromspezifischen Zustandsparameters, der innerhalb der Vorrichtung vorliegt, umfasst.
14. 14. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, wobei die Vorrichtung eine Kontrolleinrichtung (70) aufweist, um zumindest einen Kontrollabschnitt oder das Dosieren zumindest einer der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) zu kontrollieren, vorzugsweise in Echtzeit.
15. 15. Vorrichtung nach Punkt 14, wobei die Kontrolleinrichtung (70) ausgebildet ist, den zumindest einen Kontrollabschnitt in Abhängigkeit des durch die erste und/oder zweite Erfassungseinrichtung erfassten zumindest einen Zustandsparameters zu kontrollieren.
16. 16. Vorrichtung nach einem der Punkte 14 oder 15, wobei die Kontrolleinrichtung (70) ausgebildet ist, den zumindest einen Kontrollabschnitt in Abhängigkeit eines computergenerierten Modells des herzustellenden Bauteils oder zumindest eines Teils des herzustellenden Bauteils zu kontrollieren.
17. 17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Punkte 14 bis 16, wobei der zumindest eine Kontrollabschnitt mindestens eines von Folgenden umfasst:
    • die eine der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10), insbesondere, um das Dosieren zu kontrollieren,
    • die andere der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10), insbesondere, um das veränderliche Dosieren zu kontrollieren,
    • die zumindest eine Ausgabeeinrichtung (30),
    • eine Vielzahl von Ausgabeeinrichtungen (30), die einzeln unterschiedlich oder kollektiv gleich kontrollierbar sind,
    • die zumindest eine Mischeinrichtung,
    • die Bewegungseinrichtung (50),
    • zumindest eine von zumindest zwei Fördereinrichtungen (80) zum Fördern der Materialien.
18. 18. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, wobei zumindest drei Ausgabeeinrichtungen (30) rasterförmig angeordnet sind.
19. 19. Verfahren zum Herstellen zumindest eines Betonbauteils, mineralisch gebundenen Bauteils, anorganisches Material enthaltenden Bauteils und/oder mittels eines Bindemittels zusammengehaltenen Bauteils, vorzugsweise ausgeführt mittels einer Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Punkte, wobei
    • Material zum Ausbilden des Bauteils mittels mindestens einer von zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) dosiert wird,
    • Material zum Ausbilden des Bauteils mittels mindestens einer anderen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) veränderlich dosiert wird, und
    • mittels zumindest einer stromabwärts der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) angeordneten Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) Material ausgegeben wird, um das Bauteil herzustellen und mit zumindest einer kontinuierlichen oder approximiert kontinuierlichen Eigenschaftsänderung in zumindest einer Raumrichtung zu versehen.
20. 20. Verfahren nach Punkt 19, wobei Material, das von der einen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) dosiert wurde, und Material, das von der anderen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) veränderlich dosiert wurde, miteinander vermischt werden, und vorzugsweise ein Mischungsverhältnis gebildet wird, wobei durch Variation des Mischungsverhältnisses die Eigenschaftsänderung erzielt wird.
21. 21. Verfahren nach Punkt 19 oder 20, wobei Material, das von der einen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) dosiert wurde, und Material, das von der anderen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) veränderlich dosiert wurde, mittels zumindest einer Mischeinrichtung (40.1; 40.2) miteinander vermischt werden, die stromaufwärts der zumindest einen Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) oder in der zumindest einen Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) angeordnet ist.
22. 22. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 21, wobei zumindest eine erste Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) Material, das von der einen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) dosiert wurde, mittels eines Sprühstrahls (ST1) ausgibt, und eine zweite Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) Material, das von der anderen der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) veränderlich dosiert wurde, mittels eines Sprühstrahls (ST2) ausgibt, und sich das aus der ersten Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) ausgegebene Material und das aus der zweiten Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) ausgegebene Material durch Überschneidung der Sprühstrahlen (ST1, ST2) miteinander vermischen.
23. 23. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 22, wobei zumindest eine der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) Material kontinuierlich oder approximiert kontinuierlich dosiert.
24. 24. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 23, wobei die zumindest eine Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) eine Absprüheinrichtung ist, die Material absprüht, insbesondere, um einen flächigen Materialauftrag zu erzielen.
25. 25. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 23, wobei die zumindest eine Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) eine Einbringleiste ist, die Material gießt, insbesondere, um einen linearen Materialauftrag zu erzielen.
26. 26. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 23, wobei die zumindest eine Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) ein Druckkopf oder eine Düse ist, der oder die Material tropfenförmig oder kontinuierlich ausgibt, insbesondere, um einen punktweisen oder diskreten Materialauftrag zu erzielen.
27. 27. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 26, wobei die zumindest einen Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) mittels einer vorzugsweise automatisierten Bewegungseinrichtung (50) bewegt wird.
28. 28. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 27, wobei zumindest ein bauteilspezifischer, bauteilbeeinflussender und/oder vorrichtungsspezifischer Zustandsparameter mittels zumindest einer ersten Erfassungseinrichtung (60) erfasst wird, wobei vorzugsweise die zumindest eine Erfassungseinrichtung (60) zusammen mit der zumindest einen Ausgabeeinrichtung (30) bewegt wird oder stationär ist.
29. 29. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 28, wobei zumindest ein materialstromspezifischer Zustandsparameter, der innerhalb der Vorrichtung zur Herstellung des Bauteils vorliegt, mittels zumindest einer zweiten Erfassungseinrichtung erfasst wird.
30. 30. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 29, wobei eine Kontrolleinrichtung (70) zumindest einen Kontrollabschnitt oder das Dosieren zumindest einer der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10) kontrolliert, vorzugsweise in Echtzeit.
31. 31. Verfahren nach Punkt 30, wobei die Kontrolleinrichtung (70) den zumindest einen Kontrollabschnitt in Abhängigkeit des durch die erste und/oder zweite Erfassungseinrichtung (60) erfassten zumindest einen Zustandsparameters kontrolliert.
32. 32. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 30 oder 31, wobei die Kontrolleinrichtung (70) den zumindest einen Kontrollabschnitt in Abhängigkeit eines computergenerierten Modells des herzustellenden Bauteils kontrolliert.
33. 33. Verfahren nach einem der Punkte 30 bis 32, wobei der zumindest eine Kontrollabschnitt zumindest eines von folgenden umfasst:
    • die eine der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10),
    • die andere der zumindest zwei Dosiereinrichtungen (10), insbesondere, um das veränderliche Dosieren zu kontrollieren,
    • die zumindest eine Ausgabeeinrichtung (30),
    • eine Vielzahl von Ausgabeeinrichtungen (30), die einzeln unterschiedlich oder kollektiv gleich kontrollierbar sind,
    • die zumindest eine Mischeinrichtung,
    • die Bewegungseinrichtung (50),
    • zumindest eine von zumindest zwei Fördereinrichtungen (80) zum Fördern der Materialien.
34. 34. Bauteil, hergestellt mittels eines Verfahrens nach einem der Punkte 19 bis 33.

The invention also includes in particular the following items:

1. 1. An apparatus for producing at least one concrete component, mineral-bonded component, inorganic material-containing component and / or held together by means of a binder component, with
   • at least two metering devices (10), wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) is designed to meter material for forming the component, and at least one other of the at least two metering devices (10) is designed to variably meter material for forming the component , and
   • at least one output device (30) arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices (10), which is designed to output material in order to produce the component and provide it with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction.
2. 2. Device according to item 1, wherein the device comprises at least one measure (40.1; 40.2; 40.3) which ensures that material which has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices (10) and material which is from the other the at least two metering devices (10) was variably metered, are mixed together and preferably form a mixing ratio, wherein by variation the mixing ratio, the property change is achieved.
3. 3. Device according to item 1 or 2, wherein the device comprises at least one mixing device (40.1; 40.2), which is arranged upstream of the at least one dispensing device (30) or in the at least one dispensing device (30) and is formed, material from one of the at least two metering devices (10) has been metered, and material which has been variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices (10) is mixed with one another.
4. 4. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the device has at least one first output device (30) to output material, which was metered by the one of the at least two metering devices (10) by means of a spray jet (ST1), and a second output device (30), for outputting material variably metered from the other of the at least two metering devices (10) by means of a spray jet (ST2), and the at least one first and second output device (30) are designed such that the material dispensed from the first dispenser (30) and the material dispensed from the second dispenser (30) by intermixing the sprays (ST1, ST2).
5. 5. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) is designed to meter material continuously or approximately continuously variable.
6. 6. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the at least one output device (30) a spray-off device is to spray material, in particular, to achieve a flat material order.
7. 7. The device according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the output device (30) is an insertion bar to pour material, in particular to achieve a linear material application.
8. 8. The device according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the at least one output device (30) is a printhead or a nozzle to output material drop-shaped or continuously, in particular to achieve a pointwise or discrete material application.
9. 9. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the device comprises a preferably automated movement means (50) for moving the at least one output device (30).
10. 10. Device according to item 9, wherein the movement device (50)
    • comprises a distribution boom or articulated arm,
    • comprises a robot, in particular a 5-axis or 6-axis robot,
    • a portal construction comprises, which is preferably movable and on which preferably at least one output device (30) is movably arranged, and / or
    • a holding structure that holds a plurality of grid-shaped arranged output devices (30).
11. 11. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the device has at least one first detection device (60) for detecting at least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific state parameter.
12. 12. Device according to item 11, wherein the first detection device (60)
    • together with the at least one output device (30) is movable, or
      • is stationary, in particular outside a formwork (100) positioned for the component or integrated in the formwork (100) for the component.
13. 13. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the device comprises a second detection device for detecting at least one material flow-specific state parameter, which is present within the device.
14. 14. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the device comprises a control device (70) to control at least one control section or the dosing of at least one of the at least two metering devices (10), preferably in real time.
15. 15. Device according to item 14, wherein the control device (70) is designed to control the at least one control section as a function of the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device.
16. 16. Device according to one of the items 14 or 15, wherein the control device (70) is designed to control the at least one control section as a function of a computer-generated model of the component to be produced or at least part of the component to be produced.
17. 17. The device according to any one of items 14 to 16, wherein the at least one control section comprises at least one of the following:
    • one of the at least two metering devices (10), in particular to control the metering,
    • the other of the at least two metering devices (10), in particular to control the variable metering,
    • the at least one output device (30),
    • a plurality of output means (30) individually controllable differently or collectively,
    • the at least one mixing device,
    • the movement device (50),
    • at least one of at least two conveyors (80) for conveying the materials.
18. 18. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein at least three output devices (30) are arranged in a grid pattern.
19. 19. A method for producing at least one concrete component, mineral-bonded component, inorganic material-containing component and / or held together by means of a binder component, preferably carried out by means of a device according to one of the preceding points, wherein
    • Material for forming the component is metered by means of at least one of at least two metering devices (10),
    • Material for forming the component by means of at least one other of the at least two metering devices (10) is variably metered, and
    • by means of at least one output device arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices (10) (30) material is output to produce the component and to provide at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction.
20. 20. The method of item 19, wherein material dosed from one of the at least two metering devices (10) and material variably metered from the other of the at least two metering devices (10) are mixed together, and preferably a mixing ratio is formed, wherein the property change is achieved by varying the mixing ratio.
21. 21. The method according to item 19 or 20, wherein material that has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices (10) and material that has been variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices (10), by means of at least one mixing device (40.1 40.2) are mixed with each other, which is arranged upstream of the at least one output device (30) or in the at least one output device (30).
22. 22. Method according to one of the items 19 to 21, wherein at least one first output device (30) outputs material which has been metered by the one of the at least two metering devices (10) by means of a spray jet (ST1), and a second output device (30) Material which has been variably metered from the other of the at least two metering devices (10) by means of a spray jet (ST2) and the material discharged from the first output device (30) and the material output from the second output device (30) overlap mix the spray jets (ST1, ST2) together.
23. 23. The method according to any one of items 19 to 22, wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) metering material continuously or approximated continuously.
24. 24. The method according to any one of items 19 to 23, wherein the at least one output device (30) is a spray-off device which sprays off material, in particular in order to achieve a flat material application.
25. 25. The method according to any one of items 19 to 23, wherein the at least one dispensing device (30) is an insertion bar which pours material, in particular, to achieve a linear material application.
26. 26. The method according to any one of items 19 to 23, wherein the at least one output device (30) is a printhead or a nozzle which dispenses the material drop-shaped or continuously, in particular to achieve a pointwise or discrete material application.
27. 27. Method according to one of the items 19 to 26, wherein the at least one output device (30) is moved by means of a preferably automated movement device (50).
28. 28. Method according to one of the items 19 to 27, wherein at least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific state parameter is detected by means of at least one first detection device (60), wherein preferably the at least one detection device (60) together with the at least one output device (30 ) or is stationary.
29. 29. The method according to any one of items 19 to 28, wherein at least one material flow-specific state parameter, within the device for producing the component is present, is detected by means of at least one second detection device.
30. 30. Method according to one of the items 19 to 29, wherein a control device (70) controls at least one control section or the metering of at least one of the at least two metering devices (10), preferably in real time.
31. 31. Method according to item 30, wherein the control device (70) controls the at least one control section as a function of the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device (60).
32. 32. The method according to any one of items 30 or 31, wherein the control device (70) controls the at least one control section in dependence on a computer-generated model of the component to be produced.
33. 33. The method according to any one of items 30 to 32, wherein the at least one control section comprises at least one of the following:
    • one of the at least two metering devices (10),
    • the other of the at least two metering devices (10), in particular to control the variable metering,
    • the at least one output device (30),
    • a plurality of output means (30) individually controllable differently or collectively,
    • the at least one mixing device,
    • the movement device (50),
    • at least one of at least two conveyors (80) for conveying the materials.
34. 34. Component manufactured by a method according to any one of items 19 to 33.

Claims (15)

Device for producing at least one concrete component, with - At least two metering devices (10), wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) is adapted to meter material for forming the component, and at least one other of the at least two metering devices (10) is formed, material for forming the component variable dosing, - At least one downstream of the at least two metering devices (10) arranged output device (30) which is designed to output material to produce the component and to provide at least one continuous or approximated continuous change in property in at least one spatial direction, and - An automated movement device (50) for moving the at least one output device (30), wherein the movement means (50) comprises a distribution boom or articulated arm or comprises a portal construction, which is movable and / or on the at least one output device (30) is arranged movable , Device according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises at least one measure (40.1; 40.2; 40.3) which ensures that material dosed by one of the at least two metering devices (10) and material from the other of the at least ones two metering devices (10) was variably metered, are mixed together and preferably form a mixing ratio, wherein the property change is achieved by varying the mixing ratio. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one mixing device (40.1; 40.2) which is arranged upstream of the at least one dispensing device (30) or in the at least one dispensing device (30) and which is formed from the one material the at least two metering devices (10) were metered, and material that was variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices (10) to mix with each other. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one first dispenser (30) for dispensing material dispensed from the one of the at least two dispensers (10) by means of a spray (ST1) and a second dispenser (30 ), to output material that has been variably metered from the other of the at least two metering devices (10) by means of a spray jet (ST2), and the at least one first and second output device (30) are formed so that the first output means (30) outputted material and the output from the second output means (30) material by overlapping the spray jets (ST1, ST2) mix together. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) is designed to meter material continuously or approximately continuously variable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device has at least one of the following features: a) the at least one dispensing device (30) is a spraying device to spray off material, in particular in order to achieve a surface material application; or b) the at least one dispenser (30) is an infeed bar to pour material, in particular to achieve a linear material application; or c) the at least one dispenser (30) is a printhead or nozzle for dispensing material drop-wise or continuously, in particular to achieve spot or discrete material application; and or d) at least three output devices (30) are arranged in a grid pattern. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the movement device (50), a robot, in particular a 5-axis or 6-axis robot, and / or - Includes a support structure that holds a plurality of grid-shaped arranged output devices (30). Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device has at least one first detection device (60) for detecting at least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific state parameter. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first detection means (60) - Is movable together with the at least one output device (30), or - Is stationary, in particular outside a formwork (100) positioned for the component or integrated in the formwork (100) for the component. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises a second detection means for detecting at least one material flow-specific state parameter, which is present within the device. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises a control device (70) for controlling at least one control section or metering at least one of the at least two metering devices (10), preferably in real time, wherein the control device (70) is designed to control at least one control section as a function of the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device, and / or to control the at least one control section depending on a computer-generated model of the component to be produced or at least a part of the component to be produced. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the control device (70) is designed to control the at least one control section as a function of the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device. The apparatus of any one of claims 11 to 12, wherein the at least one control section comprises at least one of the following: - One of the at least two metering devices (10), in particular to control the metering, the other of the at least two metering devices (10), in particular in order to control the variable metering, the at least one output device (30), a plurality of output means (30) individually controllable differently or collectively, the at least one mixing device, the movement device (50), - At least one of at least two conveyors (80) for conveying the materials. Method for producing at least one concrete component, preferably carried out by means of a device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein Material for forming the component is metered by means of at least one of at least two metering devices (10), Material for forming the component by means of at least one other of the at least two metering devices (10) is variably metered, material is dispensed by means of at least one output device (30) arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices (10) in order to produce the component and provide it with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction, and - The at least one output device (30) by means of an automated moving means (50) is moved, wherein the moving means (50) comprises a distribution boom or articulated arm or comprises a portal construction, which is movable and / or arranged on the at least one output device (30) movable is. Component produced by a method according to claim 14.

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