DE102020126633A1 - Arrangement for integration into a component, preferably gradient component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement (A), preferably for integration into a component (10), in particular a gradient component. The arrangement (A) comprises two shaped bodies (100), at least one hollow body (150) which has at least one cavity (1) and which is arranged between the two shaped bodies (100), and at least one reinforcement structure (200). The arrangement (A) is characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) extends in an arc and/or defines an intermediate space (R), the two shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) in the intermediate space (R) are arranged.

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement with two shaped bodies, at least one hollow body and at least one reinforcement structure. The arrangement is used in particular for integration into a component, preferably made of concrete, reinforced concrete, mortar or clay. The component can e.g. B. be a gradient component, in particular a mesogradient component.

Usual solid components from e.g. B. concrete, mortar or clay are characterized by a homogeneous materiality within the component. Although it is known that these components are very inhomogeneously loaded on the inside when subjected to static and/or dynamic stress, parts of the material in the interior of the component are only subject to low stress or are not required to absorb these stresses, there have only been a few approaches to the component interior through specifically generated Structuring cavities in such a way that a reduction in the weight of the component and, related to this, a reduction in the consumption of resources, the energy required to manufacture the component and the emissions released during the manufacture of the component can be achieved. One approach is gradient components.

In DE 10 2011 102 337 A1 gradient components and devices for generating the gradient components have already been disclosed. the inside DE 10 2011 102 337 A1 disclosed teaching is based in particular on the approach, the properties of a z. B. massive component in at least one of the three spatial directions of the component and thus suitably adapt to static and / or dynamic stresses. The devices and methods described there allow the production of components with properties that change continuously in at least one of the three spatial directions of the component. The grading of the properties can in particular by generating z. B. pores and / or the introduction of lightweight aggregates. Significant weight savings can already be achieved with this technology.

In “Schmeer, D., Sobek, W.: Gradientenbeton. In: Concrete calendar 2019. Ernst and Sohn, Berlin, 2019” known as “mesogradation”, spherical mineral hollow bodies made of a usually special mortar are inserted into the formwork for the solid/concrete components. With an appropriate selection of the ball diameter and the ball arrangement, a finely graded distribution of the interior spaces within the solid/concrete component and thus a large weight reduction can be achieved. At the same time, the recycling problem is solved by choosing a mineral material for the hollow bodies.

Building walls, building floors or building ceilings made of z. B. reinforced concrete are usually made in a formwork. The components are usually manufactured with flat boundary surfaces, in particular for formwork reasons. System levels of adjacent boundary surfaces usually meet at right angles, resulting in the well-known cubic shapes of concrete components such as beams, slabs or slabs (walls). The reinforcement required to absorb the tensile forces occurring in a concrete component, currently typically reinforcement made of rod-shaped structural steel or reinforcement mats made from it, is usually laid parallel to the component surfaces for reasons of simpler assembly. With the resulting geometric structure of the reinforcement, the bar axes of the reinforcement bars usually deviate from the tensile trajectories within the component. Almost all rebars are thus loaded to different degrees along their longitudinal axis, which leads to inefficiency in material utilization with a typically constant bar cross-section. Laying the reinforcement parallel to the component surfaces also requires the use of shear reinforcement, which is typically installed in the form of stirrups, the system/bending plane of which is perpendicular to the plane of the reinforcement that was laid parallel to the component surfaces. A shear reinforcement laid in this form also deviates from the tension trajectories within the component, which is why the material utilization of the shear reinforcement is also inefficient. Finally, in reinforced concrete components such. B. reinforced concrete ceilings, usually the upper reinforcement layer with support elements (spacers) fixed in their height. These support elements are typically statically ineffective after completion of the component, which means further inefficiency of the material used. Trajectories are lines with the same main stress direction. The amount and sign of a principal stress can thus change along a trajectory. Tension trajectories are understood to mean in particular those lines which are lines of the same main stress direction along which the stress does not change its sign but is always in tension and along which the magnitude of the tensile stress is ideally largely constant.

Due to the high CO ₂ emissions in the production of structural steel, efforts should be made to minimize the amount of reinforcing steel installed. An associated reduction in the weight of the reinforcing steel to be installed should go hand in hand with a reduction in the weight of the concrete, which in turn allows a further reduction in the weight of the steel. Since large quantities of CO ₂ are also emitted during the production of concrete, in particular the cement incorporated in the concrete, a reduction in the quantity of steel installed and the reduction in the quantity of concrete installed are of major interest.

An object of the invention is to create an arrangement that enables efficient load transfer by means of a reinforcement structure and with which a reinforcement structure can preferably be designed in a simple manner as a tensile trajectory reinforcement and/or on which z. B. a trained as a tensile trajectory reinforcement structure can be attached in a simple manner.

Assembly aids (e.g. spacers) that are essential for the actual function of the component and e.g. B. the properties expected of him are not required, should preferably be avoided or at least reduced.

The object can be solved by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous developments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims or result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention.

The invention relates to an arrangement, preferably for integration into a component.

The arrangement can e.g. B. at least two molded bodies and at least one hollow body.

The at least one hollow body comprises at least one cavity and can preferably be arranged between the two shaped bodies.

The component is preferably a building roof (e.g. flat roof or sloping building roof), a building ceiling or a building floor.

The component is preferably designed as a gradient component, in particular as a mesogradient component.

The grading of the gradient component can preferably be achieved by the cavities in a large number of hollow bodies and optionally by cavities, e.g. B. are generated in the moldings.

The component can (e.g. an in particular graded or mesograded) solid component and/or concrete component.

The component can in particular be made of mineral material (expediently building material), in particular concrete, reinforced concrete, mortar and/or clay.

The component can be formed from a material whose tensile strength is lower than its compressive strength, which in particular creates the need for a reinforcement structure for the component.

The arrangement includes at least one reinforcement structure.

The arrangement is preferably characterized in that the at least one reinforcement structure defines an intermediate space, it being possible for the at least two shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body to be expediently arranged in the intermediate space. Alternatively or additionally, the arrangement is preferably characterized in that the at least one reinforcement structure extends at least in sections in an arc shape, in particular for adaptation to a (usually arcuate) course of the tensile trajectory (suitably in the component), and z. B. may have a vertically downward arcuate shape, with a particularly useful suitable curvature.

The two molded parts and preferably the at least one hollow body offer particularly suitable bearing points in order to be able to attach and in particular store the reinforcement structure in an advantageously simple manner, directly or indirectly (e.g. via one or more brackets or other suitable fastening means). The reinforcement structure can expediently be attached directly or indirectly (e.g. via one or more brackets or other suitable fastening means) to the two shaped bodies and/or to the at least one hollow body in such a way that, based on gravity, in particular by its own weight, it Can take arch form with expediently suitable curvature, the course of which is at least approximately adapted to a course of one or more train trajectories within a component.

It is possible for the reinforcement structure to extend (e.g. in a ring and/or loop shape) around the two shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body, preferably in one piece and integrally. Alternatively or additionally, the reinforcement structure z. B. form a circumferential, preferably closed enclosure for the two molded bodies and the at least one hollow body in its circumferential direction. As a result, tensile forces in particular can be short-circuited in the reinforcement structure, so that it is advantageous otherwise required anchoring lengths can be dispensed with. Alternatively or additionally, z. B. the gap can be closed in its circumferential direction.

To produce a reinforcement structure designed in this way, e.g. B. a (initially expediently straight existing) rebar (e.g. made of reinforcing steel) can be deformed by bending, so that free ends of the rebar can be brought together, in particular overlap each other and / or can be welded together.

By bringing the two free ends together, tensile forces in the rebar or in general in the reinforcement structure can advantageously be short-circuited. The anchoring length that is usually required for free bar ends can thus advantageously be omitted, which is associated with a saving in material. In addition to the saving in material, a particularly ring-shaped, loop-shaped and/or circumferential reinforcement structure, e.g. B. also a simple insertion into a formwork and / or a simple assembly to the two molded bodies and preferably the at least one hollow body.

It is possible that the free ends are welded together. However, it is not absolutely necessary to weld the free ends of the reinforcing bar or the reinforcing structure in general to one another. A short circuit of the tensile forces is z. B. also possible by overlapping the free ends by means of a suitably long overlapping length, which, however, is associated with a somewhat higher consumption of material.

It is possible that the reinforcement structure can be replaced by a z. B. at least 2-fold bent rebar is formed. Thus e.g. B. one and the same rebar preferably extends in a ring and/or loop shape around the two shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body and/or form a peripheral enclosure for the two shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body. Alternatively, however, z. B. two individual rods possible.

The reinforcement structure can, as already mentioned, e.g. B. have free ends, in particular free rod ends.

The free ends can be brought together in a joining area, in particular in order to be able to advantageously short-circuit tensile forces in the reinforcement structure.

It is possible that (preferably in the joining area) the free ends overlap and/or are welded to one another, in particular in order to be able to short-circuit tensile forces in the reinforcement structure.

It is possible that the free ends z. B. are frontally welded together and / or are welded together by means of a butt joint.

The free ends can preferably be part of one and the same rebar, which z. B. allows a simple and efficient production of the reinforcement structure. In the context of the invention, it is also possible to use the reinforcement structure with z. B. form at least two rebars z. B. can be merged into two merging areas as disclosed herein.

The reinforcement structure can be B. extend over three spatial directions and thus z. B. represent a 3-dimensional structure.

The two shaped bodies can preferably be arranged on the outside in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure, in particular at opposite ends of the reinforcement structure. One shaped body can be arranged at one longitudinal end and the other shaped body can be arranged at the other longitudinal end of the reinforcement structure.

It is possible for the reinforcement structure to be in the form of tensile trajectory reinforcement, in particular for expediently substantially complete or at least approximate adaptation to a tensile trajectory course in the component. For this purpose, the tensile trajectory reinforcement z. B. be at least partially arcuate.

The reinforcement structure can comprise two first subareas (expediently opposite each other) and/or two second subregions (expediently opposite one another).

The two first partial areas preferably form longitudinal axes of the reinforcement structure.

The two first partial areas can preferably extend vertically downwards in an arc (in particular curved), e.g. B. in order to be at least approximately adapted to a course of the train trajectory in the component. The longitudinal axes of the first partial areas are therefore preferably curved.

The first two sections can be z. B. extend in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and / or be spaced apart in the transverse direction of the reinforcement structure.

It is possible for the two first subregions to extend from one shaped body to the other shaped body, preferably in a substantially continuously arcuate manner, in particular in a substantially continuously curved manner downwards.

The first two sections can z. B. downward arcuate, preferably for adaptation to a present in the component train trajectory.

The two first sections preferably extend in two planes that are essentially parallel to one another. The two planes can preferably be aligned essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and/or essentially vertically.

The reinforcement structure, and in particular the two first partial areas, can have a low point, in particular relative to its longitudinal extent, which is essentially in the middle and/or z. B. two high points on the moldings. In particular, z. B. the two first sub-areas have one or more low points and/or the two second sub-areas have the high points.

The first two sections can z. B. run at the same height and / or run at different heights.

It is possible that if the two first partial areas have a suitable arc shape in the formwork, the arrangement can be filled with the material constituting the component and the component can thus be formed.

With a dead weight-based arch shape, e.g. B. can be avoided that the first two sections must be previously bent into the arc shape.

It is Z. B. possible that the first two sections z. B. sag freely in a formwork by their own weight and thereby assume an arc shape, which advantageously essentially corresponds to a train trajectory in the component. It is also possible, the first two areas z. B. in a formwork by their own weight to sag, but preferably between the two molded bodies by one or more holding means (e.g. one or more brackets) in a target geometry, the course of which advantageously corresponds more precisely to a train trajectory course in the component . Alternatively or additionally, the holding means z. B. ensure that the weight of the reinforcement structure can also be distributed to the at least one hollow body. This can z. B. the deflection force resulting from the dead weight of the reinforcement structure can be reduced or even eliminated, which acts as a tensile force on the shaped bodies and which, if their dead weight or stability is too small, could possibly cause the shaped bodies to tilt and/or slide in the formwork.

It is possible for the two second partial areas to be spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and/or for the connection to the two first partial areas to be routed around the two shaped bodies. The two second sections can z. B. substantially U-shaped or at least approximately semicircular and / or in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure laterally outside around the two shaped bodies.

The two second sections can z. B. (preferably essentially U-shaped or semi-circular) with the two shaped bodies in engagement and thus expediently supported by the two shaped bodies and / or be formed, z. B. to deliver tensile forces from the first two sections to the two shaped bodies.

However, the two second partial areas are optional in the context of the invention.

It is possible that the reinforcement structure z. B. is held by at least one bracket.

The at least one bracket can, for. B. comprise a substantially U-shaped base portion, but also have other suitable shapes, such as. B. an L-shape, a hook-shape, etc.

For example, vertically acting forces resulting from the self-weight of the reinforcement structure can be transferred to the two shaped bodies and/or the at least one hollow body via one or more brackets.

By contrast, tensile forces and/or horizontally acting forces resulting, for example, from the weight of the reinforcement structure can preferably be transferred directly into the two shaped bodies, preferably by means of the second partial regions.

It is possible that at least one bracket is attached to at least one of the two shaped bodies (e.g. rests on top), spans at least one of the two shaped bodies, in particular transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure, and/or runs in a groove in at least one of the two shaped bodies . It is preferred that the two shaped bodies are provided with a bracket.

It is possible that at least one bracket is attached to the at least one hollow body (e.g. B. resting on top), the at least one hollow body in particular spans transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and / or runs in a groove in the at least one hollow body. It is preferred that several hollow bodies are provided with expediently the same or different brackets.

It is possible for the reinforcement structure to be accommodated in preferably bent-up or hook-shaped ends of the at least one bracket.

In particular, the two first partial areas can be attached to at least one common bracket, e.g. B. are inserted into at least one common bracket.

It is possible for the at least one bracket to have two legs of the same length or of different lengths.

The at least one bracket can, for. B. from steel bars, sheet steel or a fiber-reinforced concrete or fiber-reinforced plastic.

It is possible for the two first partial areas to rest on partial sections of the at least one hollow body and/or for the two second partial areas to be in direct contact with the two shaped bodies.

The partial sections can protrude from the at least one hollow body (e.g. transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure) and/or run as grooves in the at least one hollow body. It is possible for the partial sections to be formed integrally in one piece on the at least one hollow body and/or to be formed from mineral material.

It is Z. For example, it is possible for the partial sections to be produced together with the at least one hollow body in a casting, injection molding or centrifugal process in order to be able to be formed integrally in one piece with the hollow body.

It is possible that the individual shaped bodies have at least one cavity and/or are made of mineral material. However, the individual shaped bodies can also be solid and/or made of plastic or another material, in particular because the tensile forces from the first partial areas can be relatively large.

The at least one hollow body can be made of mineral material.

If several hollow bodies are used, the individual hollow bodies can have at least one cavity and/or be made of mineral material.

It is preferred that several (e.g. at least two, at least three, at least four or at least five) hollow bodies are arranged between the two shaped bodies, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure.

It is possible for the assembly to include at least two reinforcement structures as disclosed herein.

The two reinforcement structures can be provided with or without overlapping each other.

The two reinforcement structures can preferably overlap on one and the same molded part.

The at least two reinforcement structures can preferably be arranged next to one another in the transverse direction and/or in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structures and/or z. B. parallel or non-parallel to each other.

It is possible that the at least two reinforcement structures are attached to one and the same shaped body (e.g. at different heights), but e.g. B. in their interstices different (z. B. essentially identical or different) hollow body can be arranged.

It is possible that the arrangement comprises at least one thrust absorber.

The shear absorber is preferably used to fasten material below the reinforcement structure, in particular mineral material constituting the component, such as e.g. B. concrete, clay or mortar.

The shear absorber is used in particular to ensure that the material that is located within a component and below the reinforcement structure can be fixed in the component with a non-positive fit.

The thrust absorber can, for. B. be arranged (e.g. inserted) between two appropriately adjacent reinforcement structures and/or be arranged (e.g. inserted) between two appropriately adjacent hollow bodies in the transverse direction of a reinforcement structure.

It is possible for the thrust absorber to have a substantially U-shaped base portion and/or e.g. B. has two legs pointing in different directions.

The thrust absorber can, for. B. can be arranged with the essentially U-shaped base section between two appropriately adjacent reinforcement structures and/or rest with the two legs pointing in different directions on two appropriately adjacent hollow bodies.

The thrust absorber can, for. B. be bent at least 4 times and/or have at least 4 changes of direction along its longitudinal direction.

The thrust absorber can, for. B. from steel bars, sheet steel or a fiber-reinforced concrete or fiber-reinforced plastic.

The thrust absorber serves in particular for positioning between two arrangements running side by side as disclosed herein.

It is possible for reinforcement extending transversely to the longitudinal extension of the reinforcement structure to lie on top of the reinforcement structure. The reinforcement can preferably run horizontally.

It is possible that the two moldings each have at least one foot element, the z. B. can protrude from the shaped bodies, z. B. down, transverse to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and / or in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure.

The at least one hollow body can also have at least one foot element, the z. B. can protrude from the hollow body, z. B. down, transverse to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and / or in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure.

The shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body can preferably engage with one another in particular in a positive and/or non-positive manner by means of the foot elements.

The foot elements preferably form lower and/or lateral spacers and preferably protrude downwards and/or to the side from the shaped bodies and/or the at least one hollow body.

The foot elements can B. be designed that they bring about a particularly stable arrangement with high positional accuracy at the same time in a formwork, which can be advantageous in particular when assembling, in particular hanging, the reinforcement structure.

In particular, the foot elements can form lateral and/or lower spacers.

It is possible for the foot elements to be designed in one piece and integrally with the associated shaped and/or hollow bodies and/or to be made from mineral material.

It is Z. B. possible that the foot elements are produced together with the associated mold and / or hollow bodies in a casting, injection molding or centrifugal process.

The Fußelelemnte can z. B. extend up to the component surface and / or terminate substantially flush with the component surface. With that, e.g. B. also includes embodiments in which the component surface and thus the foot elements z. B. with a plaster, wallpaper, a panel, etc. is provided.

The shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body and/or a multiplicity of hollow bodies can be spaced apart from one another via spacing spaces. The spacers can z. B. be filled during the manufacture of the component with the constituent material of the component.

In a preferred embodiment, the shaped bodies and a plurality of hollow bodies can be spaced apart from one another by individual spacing spaces, but e.g. B. via associated foot elements are engaged with each other.

It is possible that under the reinforcement structure a z. B. in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure extending reinforcement is arranged. The reinforcement can preferably run horizontally. As an alternative or in addition, the reinforcement extends in two parallel planes, in which the first two partial areas can also extend. The reinforcement can B. rest on one or more foot elements of the mold and / or hollow body.

It is possible that the individual shaped bodies have at least one cavity and/or are made of mineral material. In the context of the invention, the shaped bodies can e.g. B. as disclosed herein at least one hollow body can be formed.

The at least one hollow body can, for. B. have a hollow body wall structure that forms a hollow body shell and preferably encloses at least one cavity on all sides. The at least one cavity can thus z from the hollow body wall structure. B. be completely enclosed (and z. B. be designed without openings). Alternatively or additionally z. B. the moldings each have a hollow body wall structure have, which forms a hollow body shell and encloses the at least one cavity in particular on all sides. The at least one cavity can thus z from the hollow body wall structure. B. be completely enclosed (and z. B. be designed without openings).

The cavities can, for. B. be formed the same or different sizes and / or have an order of magnitude of 10mm to 250mm, preferably from 75mm to 250mm.

It is possible for at least three, at least four or at least five hollow bodies to be arranged in the intermediate space between the shaped bodies.

The at least one hollow body is preferably designed in the form of a hollow box, expediently with an essentially cuboid basic shape.

The shaped bodies can preferably have a round, cylindrical (eg circular-cylindrical) basic shape or be in the form of a hollow box, expediently with a substantially cuboid basic shape.

The shaped bodies and/or the at least one hollow body are preferably prefabricated parts.

The ceiling of the building, the roof of the building or the floor of the building preferably represent structural elements which are particularly suitable for being used in a building.

The component and in particular the building ceiling, the building floor or the building roof can, for. B. be prefabricated and thus z. B. be produced in a precast plant. A production z. B. on a construction site or in situ is also conceivable.

In use, the component preferably comprises components which are preferably substantially horizontally oriented. But it can also z. B. include curved or appropriate obliquely aligned components in use.

It is possible for the cavities of the individual hollow bodies to be of different sizes and/or to have a size of 10 mm to 250 mm, preferably 75 mm to 250 mm.

It should be mentioned that the shaped bodies and/or the at least one hollow body are preferably suitable for setting up, in particular in a formwork. For this purpose, the shaped bodies and/or the hollow bodies or the plurality of hollow bodies can each preferably have at least one foot element (e.g. protruding downwards, in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and/or transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure).

The invention also encompasses an assembly combination having a plurality of assemblies as disclosed herein.

The invention also includes a component, preferably a gradient component, in particular a mesogradient component, with at least one arrangement as disclosed herein.

The at least one arrangement can expediently be incorporated into a z. B. mineral material (z. B. concrete, mortar and / or clay) can be integrated, in particular embedded.

The component is preferably a gradient component whose grading z. B. through the cavities of the hollow body and z. B. can be formed by optional cavities of the moldings.

The component can be a solid component (eg a particularly graded, particularly mesograded).

The component can e.g. B. be a concrete component.

The component can e.g. B. as a building floor, building ceiling or building roof (z. B. a flat roof or slightly sloping building roof). The component is therefore preferably suitable for use in a building.

It is possible that the moldings of the component constituting z. B. mineral material surrounded on all sides can be integrated into the component. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one hollow body or, if a large number of hollow bodies is used, the individual hollow bodies can be separated from the z. B. mineral material surrounded on all sides can be integrated into the component.

It is possible that in particular the spacing spaces are filled with the mineral material constituting the component.

The reinforcement structure preferably comprises a reinforcement bar, e.g. B. from structural steel.

The reinforcement structure can also z. B. have carbon fibers or glass fibers or other tensile material and z. B. be generated by a winding process or comparable technologies.

The reinforcement structure preferably forms a reinforcement with tensile trajectories, the longitudinal axes of which within the component preferably coincide completely or only partially with tensile trajectories. In this way, a reduction in the amount of reinforcement to be installed can advantageously be achieved. In these cases, the longitudinal axes of the first partial regions are typically curved.

A tension trajectory and/or a course of a tension trajectory is understood here in particular as a line which, on the one hand, represents a line with the same main stress direction, along which the stress does not change its sign, but is always tension and along which the magnitude of the tensile stress is ideally largely constant.

It is possible that the arcuate shape and/or the arcuate extension e.g. B. can be continuously curved or z. B. may have one or more discontinuities in particular due to one or more storage or support points.

• 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht von oben auf eine schematisch dargestellte Anordnung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• 2 zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht der Anordnung der 1,
• 3 zeigt eine vergrößerte Detailansicht der 1 gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• 4 zeigt eine vergrößerte Detailansicht der 1 gemäß einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• 5 zeigt eine Schnittansicht eines Bauteils gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• 6 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf das Bauteil der 5,
• 7 bis 9 zeigen unterschiedliche Ansichten einer Anordnung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• 10 und 11 zeigen unterschiedliche Ansichten eines Bügels gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• 12 bis 14 zeigen unterschiedliche Ansichten einer Anordnung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• 15 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Anordnung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• 16 zeigt eine Seitenansicht einer Anordnung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
• 17 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht zweier Anordnungen gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, und
• 18 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Schubaufnehmers gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.

The preferred exemplary embodiments and features of the invention described above can be combined with one another. Advantageous developments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims or result from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the attached figures. Show it:

• 1 shows a plan view from above of a schematically illustrated arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 2 shows a schematic side view of the arrangement of FIG 1 ,
• 3 shows an enlarged detail view of the 1 according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 4 shows an enlarged detail view of the 1 according to another embodiment of the invention,
• 5 shows a sectional view of a component according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 6 shows a plan view of the component 5 ,
• 7 until 9 show different views of an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 10 and 11 show different views of a bracket according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 12 until 14 show different views of an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 15 shows a plan view of an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 16 shows a side view of an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention,
• 17 shows a perspective view of two arrangements according to an embodiment of the invention, and
• 18 12 shows a perspective view of a thrust absorber according to an embodiment of the invention.

The exemplary embodiments of the invention described with reference to the figures correspond in part, with similar or identical parts being provided with the same reference symbols, and for their explanation reference can also be made to the description of other exemplary embodiments. For purposes of illustration, not all parts are referenced in all figures.

1 shows a plan view of a schematic arrangement A according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein 2 shows a schematic side view of the arrangement A.

Arrangement A is used for integration into a component 10 (e.g. 5 ). The arrangement A comprises two shaped bodies 100, e.g. B. six hollow bodies 150 and a reinforcement structure 200. The two shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150 are preferably made of mineral material and each have at least one cavity 1 on. The cavities 1 are used for grading, in particular mesograding, of the component 10 so that the component 10 can be designed as a gradient component 10 . The component 10 usually comprises not only one arrangement A, but a multiplicity of arrangements A.

To produce the component 10, the arrangement A can be positioned in a formwork (casting mold), not shown, with the formwork being filled with the component 10, which is preferably also a mineral material M, e.g. B., can be cast, in particular in such a way that the arrangement A is suitably surrounded by the material M and integrated in the component 10 (e.g. 5 ).

The hollow bodies 150 and optionally the two shaped bodies 100 here preferably correspond to the requirements and/or load profile to place the component 10 in order to advantageously z. B. to be able to achieve a reduction in the weight of the component and thus a reduction in the consumption of resources, a reduction in the energy required to manufacture the component 10 and a reduction in the emissions released during the manufacture of the component 10 .

Significant weight savings and, related to this, significant emission savings can be achieved with gradient components. The molded and/or hollow bodies 100, 150 used for this are not only suitable for saving weight, but also advantageously for attaching and/or producing a reinforcement structure 200 designed in particular as a tensile trajectory reinforcement.

Trajectories are lines with the same main stress direction. The amount and sign of a principal stress can thus change along a trajectory. Tensile trajectories are understood here in particular as lines that are lines in the same main stress direction along which the stress does not change its sign but is always in tension and along which the magnitude of the tensile stress is ideally largely constant.

The reinforcement structure 200 extends for the at least approximate adaptation to an arcuate course of the tensile trajectory in the component 10 likewise essentially in an arcuate manner, expediently vertically downwards.

The reinforcement structure 200 defines a space R that is preferably closed in its circumferential direction. The two molded bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150 are arranged in the space R. FIG.

The reinforcement structure 200 extends essentially in the form of a ring and/or loop around the two shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150, preferably in one piece and integrally. The reinforcement structure 200 forms a circumferential, preferably closed enclosure for the shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150. This can in particular make it possible for tensile forces in the reinforcement structure 200 to be short-circuited, so that anchoring lengths that would otherwise be required can advantageously be avoided. The reinforcement structure 200 thus preferably forms a reinforcement loop or reinforcement loop for the shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150.

The expedient essentially ring-shaped and/or loop-shaped reinforcement structure 200 can be initially z. B. rectilinear existing rebar from preferably rebar are formed by bending. However, the arched shape of the reinforcement structure 200 adapted to a tensile trajectory can advantageously be generated essentially by the dead weight and sagging of the reinforcement structure 200 between the molded parts 100 .

Free ends 204 (e.g. 3 and 4 ) of the rebar or generally of the reinforcement structure 200 can be combined in a suitably positioned combination area 203 in such a way that a short circuit of tensile forces in the reinforcement structure 200 can be made possible. The free ends 204 can be in the union area 203 z. B. overlap and / or be welded together. Direct contacting of the free ends 204 is possible, but not absolutely necessary.

Reference character L denotes the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure 200, with reference character C denoting the transverse direction of the reinforcement structure 200.

The shaped bodies 100 are arranged on the outside in the longitudinal direction L of the reinforcement structure 200 , so that one shaped body 100 is arranged at one longitudinal end and the other shaped body 100 at the other longitudinal end of the reinforcement structure 200 .

The reinforcement structure 200 comprises two first opposing partial areas 201 and optionally two second opposing partial areas 202.

The first partial regions 201 are spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction C and extend essentially in the longitudinal direction L laterally on the outside along the shaped body 100 and the hollow body 150. The two first partial regions 201 run in two mutually parallel planes. The two planes are aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction L and vertically.

The two first subregions 201 are usually curved downwards, in particular in order to be at least approximately adapted to a course of a tensile trajectory in the component 10 . The reinforcement structure 200 and in particular the two first partial regions 201 can thus essentially completely or at least partially coincide with one or more tensile trajectories in the component 10 .

The two second partial areas 202 are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction L and are guided around the two molded bodies 100 for connection to the two first partial areas 201 .

The two second portions 202 are directly or z. B. via a bracket 400 (e.g. 7 until 14 ) attached to the moldings 100 and can z. B. U-shaped or semi-circular in engagement with the shaped bodies 100, in particular in order to deliver tensile forces from the two first partial regions 201 to the shaped bodies 100. It is preferred that the two second partial regions 202 are guided around the two shaped bodies 100 in a substantially U-shaped or semi-circular shape. As a result, tensile forces in the reinforcement structure 200 can expediently be introduced as deflection forces into the molded parts 100 and from there into the component 10 .

With the attachment of the two second partial areas 202 around the molded parts 100 , the position of the reinforcement structure 200 is secured in the horizontal and optionally in the vertical. The position securing in the vertical can alternatively or additionally by one or more holding means such. B. one or more brackets 400 (e.g. 7 until 14 ) take place.

The reinforcement structure 200 can sag freely between the mold parts 100 in the formwork, e.g. B. when the resulting geometry already corresponds completely or almost completely to the train trajectory to be mapped. The diameter of the bar of the reinforcement structure 200 should expediently be chosen such that the reinforcement structure 200 can sag freely just by its own weight. In this case, the first portions 201 do not have to be bent beforehand.

If the geometry of the tensile trajectory and the geometry of a freely sagging reinforcement structure 200 do not match sufficiently, then the reinforcement structure 200 can be separated between the shaped bodies 100 by e.g. B. one or more brackets 400 (e.g. 7 until 14 ) are brought into a target geometry, the course of which can correspond more precisely to the train trajectory to be mapped.

By inserting the reinforcement structure 200 z. B. in bent ends of the bracket 400, the weight of the reinforcement structure 200 can be distributed to the shaped body 100 and the hollow body 150. As a result, the deflection force resulting from the dead weight of the reinforcement structure 200 can be eliminated or at least reduced, which acts as a tensile force on the shaped bodies 100 and which, if their dead weight is too small, could possibly cause the shaped bodies 100 to tilt and/or slide in the formwork .

The hollow bodies 150 are preferably designed in the form of hollow boxes, expediently with an essentially cuboid basic shape.

The shaped bodies 100 preferably have a round cylindrical (z. B. circular cylindrical) basic shape and can z. B. also be designed as a hollow body and thus have one or more cavities 1. However, the shaped bodies 100 can also be solid.

the 1 and 2 also show that the shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150 are spaced apart from one another by individual spacing spaces S, but e.g. B. associated foot elements 150, 151 can be engaged with each other. The distance spaces S can z. B. during the manufacture of the component 10 are filled with the component constituent material M (e.g. 5 ).

2 shows e.g. B. that the reinforcement structure 200, in particular the two first partial areas 201, can have a low point 205, in particular relative to their longitudinal extent, which is essentially central, wherein their high points can be positioned in particular on the shaped bodies 100 and can be formed by the two second partial areas 202.

3 shows an enlarged detail view of the 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.

At the in 3 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the free ends 204 are welded to one another, in particular at the front by means of a butt joint.

4 shows an enlarged detail view of the 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.

At the in 4 shown embodiment, the free ends 204 overlap with an overlap length that is long enough to transmit tensile forces. Welding along the lap length is not normally required.

5 shows a particular vertical sectional view of a component 10 according to an embodiment of the invention, the z. B. can be formed by means of several in the transverse direction C placed side by side arrays A. 6 shows an associated plan view of the component 10, wherein for purposes of illustration in 6 the material M constituting the component 10 and the hollow bodies 150 are not shown. The incision in 5 takes place between two strips of molded and hollow bodies 100, 150, so that a number of them appear in section as a view.

The component 10 can expediently be produced in a formwork (casting mold) that is not shown , wherein the arrangements A are placed in the formwork and the formwork can be filled with the material M constituting the component 10, in particular in such a way that the arrangements A are suitably surrounded by the material M and integrated into the component 10.

The component 10 is preferably a gradient component, in particular a mesogradient component, the gradation of which is formed by the cavities 1 of the hollow bodies 150 and optionally the cavities 1 of the molded bodies 100 .

The component 10 is z. B. designed as a particular biaxially spanned building ceiling, which is suitable to be able to come in a building for the application.

The cavities 1 are preferably of the order of 10 mm to 250 mm.

The first subregions 201 extend downwards in an arc and are thus at least approximately adapted to one or more tensile trajectories in the component 10 in order to be able to follow the tensile stress in the component 10 as precisely as possible.

The reinforcement structure 200 consequently preferably forms a reinforcement for tensile trajectories, the longitudinal axes of which coincide within the component 10 with tensile trajectories, expediently completely or only partially. This allows a reduction in the amount of reinforcement to be installed.

An optional reinforcement 301 running transversely to the longitudinal extent L of the reinforcement structure 200 rests on top of the reinforcement structure 200 , specifically in particular on the top of the first partial regions 201 . The reinforcement 301 can preferably run at right angles to the first sections 201 in a horizontal plane.

The two molded bodies 100 each include at least one foot element 101. The hollow bodies 150 also each include at least one foot element 151.

The shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150 are in engagement with one another, in particular in the longitudinal direction L, by means of the foot elements 101, 151.

The foot elements 101, 151 on the one hand enable safe and stable installation in the formwork and can also serve as spacers.

7 until 9 show different views of an arrangement A according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular a molded part 100 with a reinforcement structure 200 and a bracket 400.

The preferably essentially U-shaped bracket 400 can be used to fix the reinforcement structure 200 in the vertical and, alternatively or additionally, to bring the reinforcement structure 200 into a target geometry whose course is adapted as precisely as possible to a course of a tensile trajectory.

The shaped body 100 can have a groove 402 in which the bracket 400 can be arranged. the 7 until 9 show a groove 402 provided with a bracket 400 and an additional optional groove 402, which can optionally be provided with a further bracket 400 or another fastening means.

The bracket 400 can be used in different exemplary embodiments.

It is Z. For example, it is possible to attach a stirrup 400 to one mold 100 and to attach a stirrup 400 to the other mold 100, while allowing the reinforcement structure 200 in the formwork to sag freely between the two stirrups 400 to achieve an arch shape.

However, it is also possible to attach a stirrup 400 to one shaped body 100 and to attach a stirrup 400 to the other shaped body 100 and to attach one or more stirrups 400 to the hollow bodies 150 in order to bring the reinforcement structure 200 into a likewise arcuate desired geometry, the However, the course is more precisely adapted to a course of a train trajectory.

The brackets 400 can be designed in particular to span the associated molded and/or hollow bodies 100, 150, preferably transversely to the longitudinal direction L, in order to be able to hold the two first partial regions 201 together.

A lower reinforcement 302 extending in the longitudinal direction L runs under the reinforcement structure 200. The lower reinforcement 302 preferably extends horizontally and/or in the two parallel planes in which the two first partial regions 201 can also run.

10 and 11 show different views of a bracket 400 according to embodiments of the invention.

10 shows a bracket 400 with legs 401 of equal length, where 11 shows a bracket 400 with legs 401 of different lengths, whereby z. B. a tilting of the system plane to be inserted reinforcement structures 200 can be achieved about their longitudinal axis.

12 until 14 show different views of an arrangement A according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular a shaped body 100 to which two reinforcement structures 200 are attached at different heights. As a result, an in particular non-positive continuous effect of the reinforcement structures 200 can be made possible.

15 shows a plan view of an arrangement A according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, in particular a shaped body 100 to which three reinforcement structures 200 running in different directions are attached at different heights.

The shaped body 100 can be designed in such a way that the reinforcement structures 200, the axes of which do not lie on a straight line in the plan view, can be coupled in a non-positive manner. In this way, the punching shear problems that usually occur can be avoided, particularly in the area of concentrated load introductions, such as those that occur with point supports.

16 shows an arrangement A according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular a hollow body 150 with a bracket 400. The hollow body 150 comprises a groove in which the bracket 400 is arranged, with a reinforcement structure 200 being inserted into the bracket 400.

17 shows a perspective view of two arrangements A arranged next to one another, between which a thrust absorber 500 is arranged. 18 shows a perspective view of the thrust absorber 500.

In order to ensure that material M, which is located within a component 10 and in particular below the reinforcement structure 200, can be integrated in the component 10 in a non-positive manner, shear absorbers 500 can be provided.

A shear absorber 500 can expediently be arranged between two adjacent reinforcement structures 200 and preferably attached to two hollow bodies 150 which are adjacent in the transverse direction C.

The thrust absorber 500 includes z. B. a U-shaped base section 501 and two legs 502 pointing in different directions.

The U-shaped base section 501 can be inserted between the two reinforcement structures 200 and/or between the two adjacent hollow bodies 150, the legs 502 e.g. B. can be placed on the adjacent hollow bodies 150.

In particular, the lower cross bar of the thrust absorber 500 serves to absorb forces acting vertically downwards.

The thrust absorber 500 can e.g. B. be formed from an at least 4-fold bent steel reinforcement or fiber-reinforced plastic or fiber-reinforced concrete. He can e.g. B. have at least 4 changes of direction.

The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, a large number of variants and modifications are possible, which also make use of the idea of the invention and therefore fall within the scope of protection. In addition, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and the features of the subclaims independently of the features and claims referred to.

Reference List

100

molding

101

foot element

150

hollow body

151

foot element

200

reinforcement structure

201

first sections

202

second sections

203

union area

204

free ends

205

rock bottom

R

space

L

longitudinal direction

C

transverse direction

S

clearance spaces

301

Reinforcement, preferably above the reinforcement structure

302

Reinforcement, preferably under the reinforcement structure

400

hanger

401

leg

500

thrust absorber

501

base section

502

leg

A

arrangement

10

Component, preferably gradient component, in particular building ceiling, building floor or building roof

M

Material, preferably mineral material

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102011102337 A1 [0003]

Claims (39)

Arrangement (A), preferably for integration into a component (10), preferably a gradient component (10), the arrangement (A) having: - two molded bodies (100), - at least one hollow body (150), the at least one cavity (1) and which is arranged between the two shaped bodies (100), and - a reinforcement structure (200), characterized in that - the reinforcement structure (200) extends in an arc and/or defines an intermediate space (R), the two shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) are arranged in the intermediate space (R). Arrangement (A) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) extends in a ring or loop shape around the two shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) and/or a peripheral enclosure for the two shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (100) forms. Arrangement (A) according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) is formed by a reinforcement bar. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) is designed to short-circuit tensile forces in the reinforcement structure (200). Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) has free ends (204). Arrangement (A) according to claim 5 , characterized in that the free ends (204) are brought together in a union region (203). Arrangement (A) according to claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that the free ends (204) are welded together and/or overlap each other. Arrangement (A) according to one of Claims 5 until 7 , characterized in that the free ends (204) are welded to one another at the front and/or by means of a butt joint. Arrangement (A) according to one of Claims 5 until 8th , characterized in that the free ends (204) are part of one and the same reinforcing bar. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two shaped bodies (100) are arranged on the outside in the longitudinal direction (L) of the reinforcement structure (200). Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) as a tension trajectory reinforcement for adaptation to an arcuate course of the tension trajectory is arcuate and/or has a central low point (205) and preferably two high points on the two shaped bodies (100) having. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) comprises two first mutually opposite partial areas (201) and preferably two second mutually opposite partial areas (202). Arrangement (A) according to claim 12 , characterized in that the two first partial areas (201) form longitudinal axes of the reinforcement structure (200), extend in an arc and/or are spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction (C) of the reinforcement structure (200). Arrangement (A) according to claim 12 or 13 , characterized in that the two first sections (201) extend in an arc from one shaped body (100) to the other shaped body (100). Arrangement (A) according to one of Claims 12 until 14 , characterized in that the two first sections (201) extend parallel to one another and/or run in two parallel planes. Arrangement (A) according to one of Claims 12 until 15 , characterized in that the two first subregions (201) between the two shaped bodies (100) have an arc shape generated by their own weight. Arrangement (A) according to one of Claims 12 until 16 , characterized in that the two second partial areas (202) are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (L) of the reinforcement structure (200) and/or are guided around the two shaped bodies (100) for connection to the two first partial areas (201). Arrangement (A) according to one of Claims 12 until 17 , characterized in that the two second portions (202) with the two shaped bodies (100) are in engagement and / or are designed to tensile forces from the two first parts rich (201) to deliver to the two moldings (100). Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) is held by means of at least one bracket (400) and preferably the at least one bracket (400) comprises a U-shaped base section. Arrangement (A) according to claim 19 , characterized in that at least one bracket (400) is attached to at least one of the two shaped bodies (100), at least one of the two shaped bodies (100) spans and/or in a groove (402) in at least one of the two shaped bodies (100) runs. Arrangement (A) according to claim 19 or 20 , characterized in that at least one bracket (400) is attached to the at least one hollow body (150), the at least one hollow body (150) spans and/or runs in a groove in the at least one hollow body (150). Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 19 until 21 , characterized in that the first sections (201) are attached to at least one common bracket (400). Arrangement (A) according to one of Claims 12 until 22 , characterized in that the two first partial areas (201) rest in particular directly on partial sections of the at least one hollow body (150) and/or the two second partial areas (202) bear directly on the two shaped bodies (100). Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual shaped bodies (100) have at least one cavity (1) and/or are formed from mineral material. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one hollow body (150) is made of mineral material. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement (A) has at least two reinforcement structures (200) and preferably the two reinforcement structures (200) are arranged next to one another in their transverse direction (C) or the two reinforcement structures (200) overlap each other. Arrangement (A) according to Claim 26 , characterized in that the two reinforcement structures (200) are attached to one and the same shaped body (100). Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement (A) comprises at least one shear absorber (500) for fastening material (M) below the reinforcement structure (200). Arrangement (A) according to claim 28 , characterized in that the shear absorber (500) is preferably arranged with a U-shaped base section (501) between two reinforcement structures (200) and/or between two hollow bodies (150). Arrangement (A) according to claim 28 or 29 , characterized in that the thrust absorber (500) rests on two hollow bodies (150) with two legs (502) pointing in different directions. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 28 until 30 , characterized in that the thrust absorber (500) has at least 4 changes of direction along its longitudinal axis. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a horizontally extending reinforcement (301) rests on top of the reinforcement structure (200). Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) or a large number of individual hollow bodies (150) are spaced apart from one another via individual spacing spaces (S) and/or via associated foot elements (150, 151) are engaged with each other. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two shaped bodies (100) each have at least one foot element (101) and the at least one hollow body (150) has at least one foot element (151) and the two shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) is in engagement with one another by means of the foot elements (101, 151). Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a horizontally running lower reinforcement (302) is arranged under the reinforcement structure (200) and the lower reinforcement (302) preferably rests on one or more foot elements (101, 151). Arrangement combination with a multiplicity of arrangements (A) according to one of the preceding claims. Component (10), preferably gradient component (10), with at least one arrangement (A) according to one of Claims 1 until 35 , wherein the at least one arrangement (A) is integrated into a mineral material (M) constituting the component (10). Component (10) after Claim 37 , characterized in that the component (10) is a concrete component and / or is designed as a building ceiling, building roof or building floor. Component (10) after Claim 37 or 38 , characterized in that the spacing spaces (S) are filled by the mineral material (M) constituting the component (10).

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