EP3234699B1 - Timepiece resonator with crossed blades - Google Patents
Timepiece resonator with crossed blades Download PDFInfo
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- EP3234699B1 EP3234699B1 EP15808400.4A EP15808400A EP3234699B1 EP 3234699 B1 EP3234699 B1 EP 3234699B1 EP 15808400 A EP15808400 A EP 15808400A EP 3234699 B1 EP3234699 B1 EP 3234699B1
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- resonator
- angle
- connecting element
- strips
- comprised
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/045—Oscillators acting by spring tension with oscillating blade springs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a clockwork resonator comprising at least one mass oscillating with respect to a connecting element which it comprises and which is arranged to be fixed directly or indirectly to a structure of a clockwork movement, said at least a mass being suspended from said connecting element by crossed blades which are elastic blades which extend at a distance from each other in two parallel planes, and whose projections of the directions on one of said parallel planes intersect at the level of a virtual pivot axis of said mass, and together define a first angle which is the angle at the vertex, from said virtual pivot axis, opposite which the part of said connecting element which is located between the fasteners extends said blades crossed on said connecting element.
- the invention also relates to a clock movement comprising such a resonator.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch, comprising such a movement, and/or such a resonator.
- the invention relates to the field of time bases for mechanical timepiece mechanisms, in particular for watches.
- a cross-blade balance wheel is a resonator which can be used as a time base in a mechanical watch, instead of a balance-spring.
- the document EP 2 911 012 A1 in the name of CSEM describes a rotary clockwork oscillator with a virtual pivot, with a balance which is connected by several flexible blades to a support, in particular in a monolithic embodiment. At least two flexible blades extend in planes perpendicular to the plane of the oscillator, and intersecting between them according to a straight line defining the geometric axis of oscillation of the oscillator, this axis crossing the two blades at seven eighths of their respective length.
- This configuration of the crossing at seven-eighths of the length is already known as optimal, allowing to obtain a clean and frictionless rotation around the virtual axis of oscillation, by minimizing the displacement of this axis, according to the work of WH WITTRICK , University of Sydney, in February 1951.
- the blades may originate perpendicular to the sides of an N-sided regular interior polygon, with N-order symmetry about the virtual axis of oscillation, however the only particular configuration shown is that of 'an interior square, in which the two planes comprising the blades are perpendicular to each other.
- the number of slats and their arrangement is defined by a compromise between the size granted to the system, in particular from an aesthetic point of view, and the stability of the system.
- EP 2 911 012 A1 Apart from the rule of seven eighths already known, there is no explicit mention in the document EP 2 911 012 A1 , specific geometric parameters to be favored for the best isochronism.
- the inventors having noted on the one hand that the effect of the positions depends very weakly on the angle between the two crossed blades and on the other hand that the anisochronism produced by the non-linearity of the elastic restoring force depends strongly on this angle, they demonstrated by numerical simulation that it is possible to find an angular value which simultaneously optimizes the effect of positions and isochronism.
- the invention therefore proposes to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing an optimized geometry of the blades of the balance which cancels both the effect of the positions and the anisochronism produced by the non-linearity of the elastic restoring force.
- the invention relates to a clockwork resonator comprising at least one oscillating mass with respect to a connecting element which it comprises and which is arranged to be fixed directly or indirectly to a structure of a clockwork movement.
- said at least one mass being suspended from said connecting element by crossed blades which are elastic blades which extend at a distance from each other in two parallel planes, and whose direction projections on one of said planes parallel lines intersect at the level of a virtual pivot axis of said mass, and together define a first angle which is the angle at the apex, from said virtual pivot axis, opposite which extends the part of said connecting element which is located between the attachments of said blades crossed on said connecting element, characterized in that said first angle is between 68° and 76°.
- the invention also relates to a clock movement comprising such a resonator.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch, comprising such a movement, and/or such a resonator.
- center of mass used here can also be understood under the designation “center of inertia”.
- the invention relates to a clockwork resonator 100 comprising at least one mass 1 oscillating with respect to a connecting element 2 that this resonator comprises.
- This connecting element 2 is arranged to be fixed directly or indirectly to a structure of a timepiece movement 200.
- This at least one mass 1 is suspended from the connecting element 2 by crossed blades 3, 4, which are elastic blades which extend at a distance from one on the other in two parallel planes, and whose projections of the directions on one of these parallel planes intersect at the level of a virtual pivot axis O of the mass 1, and together define a first angle a which is the angle at the top, from this virtual pivot axis O, opposite which extends the part of the connecting element 2 which is located between the attachments of the crossed blades 3, 4, on the connecting element 2.
- crossed blades 3, 4 are elastic blades which extend at a distance from one on the other in two parallel planes, and whose projections of the directions on one of these parallel planes intersect at the level of a virtual pivot axis O of the mass 1, and together define a first angle a which is the angle at the top, from this virtual pivot axis O, opposite which extends the part of the connecting element 2 which is located between the attachments of the crossed blades 3, 4, on the connecting element 2.
- this first angle a is between 68° and 76°.
- the mass 1 is a pendulum, as visible on the figures 1 and 1A , which illustrate, in full line, the geometry of a resonator 100 with a cross-blade balance, in its rest position.
- a pendulum 1 is kept fixed to a connecting element 2 by two crossed blades 3 and 4.
- These crossed blades 3 and 4 are elastic blades which extend at a distance from each other in two parallel planes, and of which the projections of the directions on one of these parallel planes intersect at a virtual pivot axis O of this balance 1.
- These crossed blades allow the rotation of this balance 1, and substantially prevent the translation of the balance 1 in the three directions XYZ, and also provide good resistance to small shocks.
- There figure 1 represents a general case where the embedding of the crossed blades 3, 4 is oblique in the connecting element 2 which carries them.
- Figure 1A represents a preferred configuration where this recess is made at a surface which is orthogonal to the end of each blade 3, 4, to its recess.
- the origin of the coordinates O is placed at the intersection of blades 3 and 4 when resonator 100 is in its rest position.
- the instantaneous center of rotation as well as the center of mass of the balance wheel are also located at the origin O when the balance wheel is in its rest position.
- the bisector of the first angle a defines a direction X with which the projections of the two blades 3 and 4 in one of said parallel planes form an angle ⁇ which is half of the first angle ⁇ .
- the resonator 100 is symmetrical with respect to the axis OX.
- the first angle ⁇ has a value of 90°.
- the inner radius ri is the distance between the point O and the embedding of the slats 3 and 4 in the connecting element 2.
- the outer radius re is the distance between the point O and the embedding of the slats 3 and 4 in the pendulum 1. Note that the roles of ri and re can be exchanged depending on whether one places oneself in the referential of the connecting element or in that of the pendulum. All the following formulas remain valid since it is the relative rotational movement that counts.
- the first angle ⁇ is the angle between the two blades 3 and 4 when the pendulum resonator 100 is in its rest position.
- This first angle ⁇ is the apex angle (at O) which defines the opening of the blades 3 and 4 with respect to the connecting element 2, and facing which extends the part of this connecting element 2 which is located between the attachments of the cross blades 3 and 4 on the latter.
- THE figures 1 and 1A show an instantaneous value ⁇ i of the current angle ⁇ , corresponding to the deviation of a point M towards its instantaneous position Mi, corresponding to bent positions 3i and 4i of the blades 3 and 4, shown in broken line on the figures 1 and 1A .
- the invention sets out to determine a geometry for which such a resonator can be both isochronous and independent of the positions.
- This characteristic of the first angle value ⁇ constitutes the essential characteristic of the invention, and is in no way fortuitous, since this value is the only one which makes it possible to simultaneously guarantee isochronism and the cancellation of the effect of the positions.
- we have simulated the anisochronism of the crossed-blade balance that is to say the rate difference (in seconds per day) observed for two different amplitudes (we have chosen 12° and 8° which are representative of the operating domain of the system under consideration).
- the prior art is very far from optimum isochronism, and the present invention consists in using the appropriate angle value to achieve optimum isochronism.
- this optimal geometric configuration may vary very slightly, depending on the width of the blades 3 and 4, and the amplitude of the oscillation of the balance, as well as the manufacturing tolerances.
- the resonator 100 is monolithic.
- the resonator 100 is made of a micro-machinable material which can be produced using “MEMS” or “LISA” technologies, or of silicon or silicon oxide, or of at least partially amorphous metal, or of metallic glass, or of quartz, or in DLC.
- the first angle ⁇ is between 70° and 76°.
- the first angle ⁇ is between 70° and 74°. More particularly still, the first angle ⁇ is equal to 71.2°.
- the invention also relates to a clock movement 200 comprising at least one such resonator 100.
- the invention also relates to a timepiece 300, in particular a watch, comprising such a movement 200, and/or such a resonator 100.
- the invention thus makes it possible to make a balance resonator with crossed blades simultaneously isochronous and independent of the positions.
- the invention is applicable to other configurations of resonators with crossed blades, in particular in a structure of the tuning fork type, as visible on the figure 8 .
- the use of several oscillating masses is advantageous since it makes it possible to minimize the losses on embedding. Indeed, a single pendulum causes a reaction force to the embedding and therefore losses. It is possible to cancel these losses by combining several oscillating masses so that the sum of their reactions to embedding is zero.
- the resonator 100 may comprise at least two oscillating masses, in particular two as shown in this figure, the opposite movements of which cause reactions to the embedding which compensate each other.
- two rockers 1 are each kept fixed to a common connecting element 2 by two crossed blades 3 and 4 arranged according to the characteristics described above.
- the resonator 100 is, advantageously, entirely symmetrical with respect to the Y axis.
- Other variant embodiments are naturally possible.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
- Electric Clocks (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un résonateur d'horlogerie comportant au moins une masse oscillant par rapport à un élément de liaison qu'il comporte et qui est agencé pour être fixé directement ou indirectement à une structure d'un mouvement d'horlogerie, ladite au moins une masse étant suspendue au dit élément de liaison par des lames croisées qui sont des lames élastiques qui s'étendent à distance l'une de l'autre dans deux plans parallèles, et dont les projections des directions sur un desdits plans parallèles se croisent au niveau d'un axe de pivotement virtuel de ladite masse, et définissent ensemble un premier angle qui est l'angle au sommet, depuis ledit axe de pivotement virtuel, face auquel s'étend la partie dudit élément de liaison qui est situé entre les attaches desdites lames croisées sur ledit élément de liaison.The invention relates to a clockwork resonator comprising at least one mass oscillating with respect to a connecting element which it comprises and which is arranged to be fixed directly or indirectly to a structure of a clockwork movement, said at least a mass being suspended from said connecting element by crossed blades which are elastic blades which extend at a distance from each other in two parallel planes, and whose projections of the directions on one of said parallel planes intersect at the level of a virtual pivot axis of said mass, and together define a first angle which is the angle at the vertex, from said virtual pivot axis, opposite which the part of said connecting element which is located between the fasteners extends said blades crossed on said connecting element.
L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant un tel résonateur.The invention also relates to a clock movement comprising such a resonator.
L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie, notamment une montre, comportant un tel mouvement, ou/et un tel résonateur.The invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch, comprising such a movement, and/or such a resonator.
L'invention concerne le domaine des bases de temps pour les mécanismes d'horlogerie mécanique, en particulier pour des montres.The invention relates to the field of time bases for mechanical timepiece mechanisms, in particular for watches.
Un balancier à lames croisées est un résonateur qui peut être utilisé comme base de temps dans une montre mécanique, en lieu et place d'un balancier-spiral.A cross-blade balance wheel is a resonator which can be used as a time base in a mechanical watch, instead of a balance-spring.
L'utilisation de lames croisées a l'avantage d'augmenter le facteur de qualité puisqu'il n'y a plus de pivot frottant.The use of crossed blades has the advantage of increasing the quality factor since there is no longer a rubbing pivot.
Toutefois un balancier à lames croisées présente deux inconvénients importants :
- le couple de rappel élastique est non-linéaire, ce qui rend le système anisochrone, c'est-à-dire que la fréquence du résonateur dépend de l'amplitude de l'oscillation;
- le centre de masse du balancier subit un mouvement résiduel qui est dû au mouvement parasite de l'axe instantané de rotation. Il en résulte que la fréquence du résonateur dépend de l'orientation de la montre dans le champ gravitationnel; c'est ce qu'on appelle l'effet des positions.
- the elastic restoring torque is non-linear, which makes the system anisochronous, ie the frequency of the resonator depends on the amplitude of the oscillation;
- the center of mass of the balance undergoes a residual movement which is due to the parasitic movement of the instantaneous axis of rotation. It follows that the frequency of the resonator depends on the orientation of the watch in the gravitational field; this is called the position effect.
Dans la publication
Le document
Cette configuration du croisement aux sept huitièmes de la longueur est déjà connue comme optimale, permettant d'obtenir une rotation propre et sans frottement autour de l'axe virtuel d'oscillation, en minimisant le déplacement de cet axe, selon les travaux de W. H. WITTRICK, University of Sidney, en février 1951.This configuration of the crossing at seven-eighths of the length is already known as optimal, allowing to obtain a clean and frictionless rotation around the virtual axis of oscillation, by minimizing the displacement of this axis, according to the work of WH WITTRICK , University of Sydney, in February 1951.
Si, dans ce document
L'article de
Les inventeurs ayant constaté d'une part que l'effet des positions dépend très faiblement de l'angle entre les deux lames croisées et d'autre part que l'anisochronisme produit par la non-linéarité de la force de rappel élastique dépend fortement de cet angle, ils ont démontré par simulation numérique qu'il est possible de trouver une valeur angulaire qui optimise simultanément l'effet des positions et l'isochronisme.The inventors having noted on the one hand that the effect of the positions depends very weakly on the angle between the two crossed blades and on the other hand that the anisochronism produced by the non-linearity of the elastic restoring force depends strongly on this angle, they demonstrated by numerical simulation that it is possible to find an angular value which simultaneously optimizes the effect of positions and isochronism.
L'invention se propose donc d'éliminer les inconvénients de l'art antérieur en proposant une géométrie optimisée des lames du balancier qui annule aussi bien l'effet des positions que l'anisochronisme produit par la non-linéarité de la force de rappel élastique. A cet effet, l'invention concerne un résonateur d'horlogerie comportant au moins une masse oscillant par rapport à un élément de liaison qu'il comporte et qui est agencé pour être fixé directement ou indirectement à une structure d'un mouvement d'horlogerie, ladite au moins une masse étant suspendue au dit élément de liaison par des lames croisées qui sont des lames élastiques qui s'étendent à distance l'une de l'autre dans deux plans parallèles, et dont les projections des directions sur un desdits plans parallèles se croisent au niveau d'un axe de pivotement virtuel de ladite masse, et définissent ensemble un premier angle qui est l'angle au sommet, depuis ledit axe de pivotement virtuel, face auquel s'étend la partie dudit élément de liaison qui est située entre les attaches desdites lames croisées sur ledit élément de liaison, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier angle est compris entre 68° et 76°.The invention therefore proposes to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing an optimized geometry of the blades of the balance which cancels both the effect of the positions and the anisochronism produced by the non-linearity of the elastic restoring force. . To this end, the invention relates to a clockwork resonator comprising at least one oscillating mass with respect to a connecting element which it comprises and which is arranged to be fixed directly or indirectly to a structure of a clockwork movement. , said at least one mass being suspended from said connecting element by crossed blades which are elastic blades which extend at a distance from each other in two parallel planes, and whose direction projections on one of said planes parallel lines intersect at the level of a virtual pivot axis of said mass, and together define a first angle which is the angle at the apex, from said virtual pivot axis, opposite which extends the part of said connecting element which is located between the attachments of said blades crossed on said connecting element, characterized in that said first angle is between 68° and 76°.
L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie comportant un tel résonateur.The invention also relates to a clock movement comprising such a resonator.
L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie, notamment une montre, comportant un tel mouvement, ou/et un tel résonateur.The invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch, comprising such a movement, and/or such a resonator.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, en référence aux dessins annexés, où :
- la
figure 1 représente, de façon schématisée et en plan, un résonateur à balancier à lames croisées, dans une position de repos en trait plein, et dans une position instantanée (en trait interrompu des lames croisées) où le balancier est écarté de sa position de repos ; cettefigure 1 représente un cas général où l'encastrement des lames croisées est oblique dans l'élément de liaison qui les porte, lequel est fixé à la structure d'un mouvement d'horlogerie. Lafigure 1A représente une configuration préférée où cet encastrement est réalisé au niveau d'une surface qui est orthogonale à l'extrémité de chaque lame au niveau de son encastrement dans cet élément de liaison; - la
figure 2 est un graphique représentatif de l'art antérieur, où les lames croisées sont perpendiculaires dans la position de repos du résonateur, illustrant la variation de la constante de rappel élastique k en ordonnée, en fonction de l'angle courant θ que fait le balancier avec sa position de repos en abscisse ; - la
figure 3 et lafigure 4 sont des graphiques également représentatifs du même art antérieur, et illustrent la variation des coordonnées du centre de masse, respectivement selon X, ΔX, sur lafigure 3 , et selon Y, ΔY, sur lafigure 4 en fonction de l'angle courant θ que fait le balancier avec sa position de repos en abscisse. Ces variations des coordonnées ΔX et ΔY sont normalisées par rapport à la longueur des lames L pour que les graphiques soient sans unités; - la
figure 5 est un graphique représentatif de l'invention, où les lames croisées font entre elles un premier angle α voisin de 72° dans la position de repos du résonateur, illustrant la variation de la constante de rappel élastique k en ordonnée, en fonction de l'angle courant θ que fait le balancier avec sa position de repos en abscisse ; - la
figure 6 et lafigure 7 sont des graphiques également représentatifs de l'invention, où les lames croisées font entre elles un premier angle α voisin de 72° dans la position de repos du résonateur, et illustrent la variation des coordonnées du centre de masse, respectivement selon X, ΔX, sur lafigure 6 , et selon Y, ΔY, sur lafigure 7 en fonction de l'angle courant θ que fait le balancier avec sa position de repos en abscisse. Ces variations des coordonnées ΔX et ΔY sont normalisées par rapport à la longueur des lames L pour que les graphiques soient sans unités; - la
figure 8 illustre une variante où le résonateur à lames croisées est un résonateur à diapason ; - la
figure 9 est un détail montrant, en trait interrompu, la profondeur de la zone d'influence d'une flexion d'une lame élastique monolithique avec un élément de liaison en matériau micro-usinable dans le cas de lafigure 1 . Lafigure 9A est l'équivalent pour lafigure 1A ; - la
figure 10 est un schéma-blocs représentant une pièce d'horlogerie ou une montre comportant un mouvement comportant lui-même un tel résonateur. - la
figure 11A est un graphique illustrant l'anisochronisme du balancier à lames croisées en fonction du paramètre Q = ri/L qui permet de comparer les performances de la présente invention (α = 71.2°) à l'art antérieur (α = 90°). L'anisochronisme, mesuré en secondes par jour (s/j) est la différence de marche observée pour deux amplitudes différentes (les valeurs choisies de 12° et 8° sont représentatives du domaine de fonctionnement du système considéré). - la
figure 11B est un graphique illustrant l'effet des positions sur la marche du balancier à lames croisées en fonction du paramètre Q = ri/L pour la présente invention (α = 71.2°) ainsi que pour l'art antérieur (α = 90°).
- there
figure 1 represents, schematically and in plan, a resonator with a balance beam with crossed blades, in a rest position in solid line, and in an instantaneous position (in broken line of the crossed blades) where the balance wheel is moved away from its rest position; thisfigure 1 represents a general case where the embedding of the crossed blades is oblique in the connecting element which carries them, which is fixed to the structure of a clock movement. ThereFigure 1A represents a preferred configuration where this embedding is carried out at the level of a surface which is orthogonal to the end of each blade at the level of its embedding in this connecting element; - there
picture 2 - there
picture 3figure 4 are graphs also representative of the same prior art, and illustrate the variation of the coordinates of the center of mass, respectively according to X, ΔX, on thepicture 3figure 4 as a function of the current angle θ that the balance makes with its rest position on the abscissa. These variations of the ΔX and ΔY coordinates are normalized with respect to the length of the blades L so that the graphs are unitless; - there
figure 5 is a graph representative of the invention, where the crossed blades make between them a first angle α close to 72° in the rest position of the resonator, illustrating the variation of the elastic spring constant k on the ordinate, as a function of the current angle θ that the balance makes with its rest position on the abscissa; - there
figure 6 and thefigure 7 are graphs also representative of the invention, where the crossed blades make between them a first angle α close to 72° in the rest position of the resonator, and illustrate the variation of the coordinates of the center of mass, respectively according to X, ΔX, on thefigure 6 , and according to Y, ΔY, on thefigure 7 as a function of the current angle θ that the balance makes with its rest position on the abscissa. These variations of the ΔX and ΔY coordinates are normalized with respect to the length of the blades L so that the graphs are unitless; - there
figure 8 illustrates a variant where the resonator with crossed blades is a tuning fork resonator; - there
figure 9 is a detail showing, in broken line, the depth of the zone of influence of a bending of a monolithic elastic blade with a connecting element in micro-machinable material in the case of thefigure 1 . Therefigure 9A is the equivalent forFigure 1A ; - there
figure 10 is a block diagram representing a timepiece or a watch comprising a movement itself comprising such a resonator. - there
figure 11A is a graph illustrating the anisochronism of the cross-blade balance as a function of the parameter Q=ri/L which makes it possible to compare the performances of the present invention (α=71.2°) with the prior art (α=90°). The anisochronism, measured in seconds per day (s/d) is the rate difference observed for two different amplitudes (the chosen values of 12° and 8° are representative of the operating range of the system considered). - there
figure 11B is a graph illustrating the effect of the positions on the rate of the cross-blade balance as a function of the parameter Q=ri/L for the present invention (α=71.2°) as well as for the prior art (α=90°).
L'appellation « centre de masse » utilisée ici peut aussi se comprendre sous l'appellation « centre d'inertie ».The designation “center of mass” used here can also be understood under the designation “center of inertia”.
L'invention concerne un résonateur d'horlogerie 100 comportant au moins une masse 1 oscillant par rapport à un élément de liaison 2 que comporte ce résonateur. Cet élément de liaison 2 est agencé pour être fixé directement ou indirectement à une structure d'un mouvement d'horlogerie 200.The invention relates to a
Cette au moins une masse 1 est suspendue à l'élément de liaison 2 par des lames croisées 3, 4, qui sont des lames élastiques qui s'étendent à distance l'une de l'autre dans deux plans parallèles, et dont les projections des directions sur un de ces plans parallèles se croisent au niveau d'un axe de pivotement virtuel O de la masse 1, et définissent ensemble un premier angle a qui est l'angle au sommet, depuis cet axe de pivotement virtuel O, face auquel s'étend la partie de l'élément de liaison 2 qui est située entre les attaches des lames croisées 3, 4, sur l'élément de liaison 2.This at least one
Selon l'invention, comme il sera expliqué plus loin, ce premier angle a est compris entre 68° et 76°.According to the invention, as will be explained below, this first angle a is between 68° and 76°.
Plus particulièrement, et de façon non limitative, la masse 1 est un balancier, tel que visible sur les
Un balancier 1 est maintenu fixé à un élément de liaison 2 par deux lames croisées 3 et 4. Ces lames croisées 3 et 4 sont des lames élastiques qui s'étendent à distance l'une de l'autre dans deux plans parallèles, et dont les projections des directions sur un de ces plans parallèles se croisent au niveau d'un axe de pivotement virtuel O de ce balancier 1. Ces lames croisées permettent la rotation de ce balancier 1, et empêchent sensiblement la translation du balancier 1 dans les trois directions XYZ, et assurent de plus une bonne tenue aux petits chocs. La
L'origine des coordonnées O est placée au croisement des lames 3 et 4 lorsque le résonateur 100 est dans sa position de repos. Le centre instantané de rotation ainsi que le centre de masse du balancier sont aussi situés à l'origine O lorsque le balancier est dans sa position de repos. La bissectrice du premier angle a définit une direction X avec laquelle les projections des deux lames 3 et 4 dans un desdits plans parallèles font un angle β qui est la moitié du premier angle α.The origin of the coordinates O is placed at the intersection of
Dans la réalisation préférée de la
Dans l'art antérieur, le premier angle α a une valeur de 90°.In the prior art, the first angle α has a value of 90°.
Sur la
La longueur totale L de chacune des lames est, dans cette construction symétrique, L = ri + re.The total length L of each of the blades is, in this symmetrical construction, L = ri + re.
Le premier angle α est l'angle entre les deux lames 3 et 4 lorsque le résonateur 100 à balancier est dans sa position de repos. Ce premier angle α est l'angle au sommet (en O) qui définit l'ouverture des lames 3 et 4 par rapport à l'élément de liaison 2, et face auquel s'étend la partie de cet élément de liaison 2 qui est située entre les attaches des lames croisées 3 et 4 sur ce dernier.The first angle α is the angle between the two
Le couple de rappel élastique que les lames exercent sur le balancier peut s'écrire M = k.θ, où k est la constante de rappel élastique et θ est l'angle courant que fait le balancier 1 par rapport à sa position de repos. Les
Comme le couple est non-linéaire, la constante de rappel élastique varie avec l'angle du balancier k(θ) = M/θ.As the torque is non-linear, the elastic spring constant varies with the angle of the pendulum k(θ) = M/θ.
La variation de la constante de rappel élastique k en fonction de l'angle courant du balancier θ est représentée à la
Le déplacement du centre de masse du balancier (ΔX, ΔY) en fonction de l'angle du balancier θ est représenté aux
On observe donc, sur l'ensemble des
Par conséquent, dans les constructions de l'art antérieur, pour α = 90°, il n'est pas possible d'avoir un système simultanément isochrone (force de rappel élastique linéaire) et indépendant des positions (déplacement nul du centre de masse selon X).Consequently, in the constructions of the prior art, for α = 90°, it is not possible to have a system that is simultaneously isochronous (linear elastic restoring force) and independent of the positions (zero displacement of the center of mass according to X).
L'invention s'attache à déterminer une géométrie pour laquelle un tel résonateur puisse être à la fois isochrone et indépendant des positions.The invention sets out to determine a geometry for which such a resonator can be both isochronous and independent of the positions.
L'étude réalisée dans le cadre de l'invention permet de déterminer des valeurs convenables.The study carried out within the framework of the invention makes it possible to determine suitable values.
Pour un premier angle a voisin de 72°, et pour un rapport Q = ri/L compris entre 0.12 et 0.13, le système est simultanément isochrone et indépendant des positions.For a first angle a close to 72°, and for a ratio Q=ri/L comprised between 0.12 and 0.13, the system is simultaneously isochronous and independent of the positions.
En effet, pour un premier angle α voisin de 72°, la variation de la constante de rappel élastique k en fonction de l'angle courant θ du balancier est représentée à la
De même, pour un premier angle α voisin de 72°, le déplacement du centre de masse du balancier selon X en fonction de l'angle courant θ du balancier est représenté à la
On observe donc que pour un premier angle α voisin de 72°, et un rapport Q = ri/L compris entre 0.12 et 0.13 on a simultanément un couple de rappel linéaire et un déplacement nul du centre de masse selon X, ce qui est un avantage considérable.We therefore observe that for a first angle α close to 72°, and a ratio Q = ri/L between 0.12 and 0.13 we simultaneously have a linear return torque and a zero displacement of the center of mass along X, which is a considerable advantage.
Cette caractéristique de la valeur de premier angle α constitue la caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, et n'est nullement fortuite, puisque cette valeur est la seule qui permette de garantir simultanément l'isochronisme et l'annulation de l'effet des positions. Pour clairement illustrer ces propos, nous avons simulé l'anisochronisme du balancier à lames croisées c'est-à-dire la différence de marche (en secondes par jour) observée pour deux amplitudes différentes (nous avons choisi 12° et 8° qui sont représentatives du domaine de fonctionnement du système considéré). Les résultats sont représentés dans le graphique de la
En résumé, l'art antérieur est très loin de l'optimum d'isochronisme, et la présente invention consiste à utiliser la valeur d'angle adéquate pour atteindre l'optimum d'isochronisme.In summary, the prior art is very far from optimum isochronism, and the present invention consists in using the appropriate angle value to achieve optimum isochronism.
Dans la pratique, cette configuration géométrique optimale peut varier très légèrement, en fonction de la largeur des lames 3 et 4, et de l'amplitude de l'oscillation du balancier, ainsi que des tolérances de réalisation.In practice, this optimal geometric configuration may vary very slightly, depending on the width of the
Les
La longueur totale est à corriger en conséquence : Lm = ri + e/2 + re, et le rapport Q est à corriger de la même façon : Qm =(ri+e/2)/(ri+e/2+re), qui doit être compris entre 0.12 et 0.13.The total length is to be corrected accordingly: Lm = ri + e/2 + re, and the ratio Q is to be corrected in the same way: Qm = (ri+e/2)/(ri+e/2+re) , which must be between 0.12 and 0.13.
Dans la pratique, les valeurs convenables du premier angle α sont comprises entre 68° et 76°, et de préférence au plus près de 71.2°, et celles du rapport Q = ri/L sont comprises entre 0.12 et 0.13.In practice, the suitable values of the first angle α are between 68° and 76°, and preferably as close as possible to 71.2°, and those of the ratio Q=ri/L are between 0.12 and 0.13.
Dans une variante particulière, le résonateur 100 est monolithique.In a particular variant, the
Plus particulièrement, le résonateur 100 est en matériau micro-usinable réalisable par technologies « MEMS » ou « LISA », ou en silicium ou en oxyde de silicium, ou en métal au moins partiellement amorphe, ou en verre métallique, ou en quartz, ou en DLC.More particularly, the
Dans l'un de ces cas, c'est le rapport Qm =(ri+e/2)/(ri+e/2+re), qui doit être compris entre 0.12 et 0.13. Plus particulièrement, ce rapport Qm est choisi égal à 0.1264.In one of these cases, it is the ratio Qm =(ri+e/2)/(ri+e/2+re), which must be between 0.12 and 0.13. More particularly, this ratio Qm is chosen equal to 0.1264.
Dans une variante avantageuse le premier angle α est compris entre 70° et 76°.In an advantageous variant, the first angle α is between 70° and 76°.
Plus particulièrement encore, le premier angle α est compris entre 70° et 74°. Plus particulièrement encore, le premier angle α est égal à 71.2°.More particularly still, the first angle α is between 70° and 74°. More particularly still, the first angle α is equal to 71.2°.
On note encore que le déplacement du centre de masse selon Y n'affecte pas la marche du résonateur, pour des raisons de parité de la fonction ΔY(θ), tel que visible sur la
L'invention concerne encore un mouvement d'horlogerie 200 comportant au moins un tel résonateur 100.The invention also relates to a
L'invention concerne encore une pièce d'horlogerie 300, notamment une montre, comportant un tel mouvement 200, ou/et un tel résonateur 100.The invention also relates to a
L'invention permet, ainsi, de rendre un résonateur à balancier à lames croisées simultanément isochrone et indépendant des positions.The invention thus makes it possible to make a balance resonator with crossed blades simultaneously isochronous and independent of the positions.
L'invention est applicable à d'autres configurations de résonateurs à lames croisées, notamment dans une structure de type diapason, tel que visible sur la
Claims (15)
- Timepiece resonator (100) comprising at least one weight (1) oscillating with respect to a connecting element (2) comprised in said resonator and which is arranged to be directly or indirectly secured to a structure of a timepiece movement (200), said at least one weight (1) being suspended from said connecting element (2) by crossed strips (3, 4) which are resilient strips that extend at a distance from each other in two parallel planes, and the projections of the directions of said strips on one of said parallel planes intersect at a virtual pivot axis (O) of said weight (1), and define together a first angle (α) which is the apex angle, from said virtual pivot axis (O), opposite which there extends the portion of said connecting element (2) that is located between the attachments of said crossed strips (3, 4) to said connecting element (2), characterized in that said first angle (α) is comprised between 68° and 76°.
- Resonator (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that said first angle (α) is comprised between 70° and 76°.
- Resonator (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that said first angle (α) is comprised between 70° and 74°.
- Resonator (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that said first angle (α) is equal to 71.2°.
- Resonator (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said strips (3, 4) are dimensioned with an inner radius (ri) between said virtual pivot axis (O) and the point of attachment of said strips to said connecting element (2), with an outer radius (re) between said virtual pivot axis (O) and the point of attachment of said strips to said weight (1), and with a total length (L) such that L = ri + re, so that a ratio (Q) such as Q = ri/L, is comprised between 0.12 and 0.13.
- Resonator (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said strips (3, 4) are dimensioned with an inner radius (ri) between said virtual pivot axis (O) and the point of attachment of said strips to said connecting element (2), with an outer radius (re) between said virtual pivot axis (O) and the point of attachment of said strips to said weight (1), with a thickness (e) in the plane of each said strip (3, 4), such that a ratio (Qm) such as Qm = (ri+e/2)/(ri+e/2+re), is comprised between 0.12 and 0.13.
- Resonator (100) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that said ratio (Qm) is equal to 0.1264.
- Resonator (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, in projection on one of said parallel planes, said resonator (100) is symmetrical with respect to the bisector (OX) of said first angle (α) when the resonator is in the rest position.
- Resonator (100) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said at least one weight (1) is a balance wheel.
- Resonator (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said crossed strips (3, 4) are each anchored in said connecting element (2) on a surface of said connecting element (2) which is orthogonal to the end of said strip (3, 4) concerned at the anchoring point thereof.
- Resonator (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said resonator (100) includes at least two oscillating weights, each being fixed to a said common connecting element (2) by two crossed strips (3, 4), the resonator being entirely symmetrical with respect to an axis Y, in a tuning fork structure.
- Resonator (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said resonator (100) is in one-piece.
- Resonator (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that said resonator (100) is made of silicon or of silicon oxide or of metallic glass or of quartz or of DLC.
- Timepiece movement (200) comprising a structure to which is fixed, directly or indirectly, a least one connecting element (2) comprised in a said resonator (100) according to one of claims 1 to 13.
- Timepiece (300) or watch, including a movement (200) according to claim 14, and/or at least one said resonator (100) according to one of claims 1 to 13.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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EP14199039.0A EP3035126B1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2014-12-18 | Timepiece resonator with crossed blades |
PCT/EP2015/079515 WO2016096677A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2015-12-14 | Timepiece resonator with crossed blades |
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EP3234699A1 EP3234699A1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
EP3234699B1 true EP3234699B1 (en) | 2023-03-08 |
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EP14199039.0A Active EP3035126B1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2014-12-18 | Timepiece resonator with crossed blades |
EP15808400.4A Active EP3234699B1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2015-12-14 | Timepiece resonator with crossed blades |
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EP14199039.0A Active EP3035126B1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2014-12-18 | Timepiece resonator with crossed blades |
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US (1) | US9836024B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3035126B1 (en) |
JP (3) | JP6231686B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105980938B (en) |
CH (1) | CH710524A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016096677A1 (en) |
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-
2014
- 2014-12-18 EP EP14199039.0A patent/EP3035126B1/en active Active
- 2014-12-18 CH CH01979/14A patent/CH710524A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2015
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2017
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US20170010586A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
US9836024B2 (en) | 2017-12-05 |
EP3035126A1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
JP2017503155A (en) | 2017-01-26 |
WO2016096677A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
EP3234699A1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
JP6401354B2 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
EP3035126B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
CN105980938B (en) | 2018-04-03 |
JP2017223702A (en) | 2017-12-21 |
CH710524A2 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
JP6231686B2 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
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CN105980938A (en) | 2016-09-28 |
JP2017223701A (en) | 2017-12-21 |
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