EP3231952B1 - Thermally insulating component - Google Patents

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a thermally insulating component for the force-transmitting connection of a cantilever plate to a building ceiling or wall according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

Thermally insulating components are known from the prior art, which produce a force-transmitting connection of a component to a structure, in particular a cantilever plate, to a building ceiling or a building wall. However, such components have a complicated structure and are accordingly complex to manufacture. In particular, the installation of reinforcements to absorb shear forces and moment forces in the component is complicated. Such components are also not very flexible in their length adjustment.

In the WO 00/47834 A1 describes a device for connecting cantilever plates to a wall or ceiling construction. The connection device has at least one connecting element and an insulating body. Each connecting element that penetrates the insulating body consists of a reinforcement profile, two outer upper chords, two inner upper chords, two outer lower chords and two inner lower chords. The straps are rod-shaped and their surface can be smooth, profiled or ribbed. The strength of the reinforcement profile must be chosen as small as possible in order to minimize the heat transfer from the cantilever plate to the wall or ceiling construction. On the other hand, the strength of the reinforcement profile must be chosen large enough to be able to absorb the forces that occur.

Also in the WO 03/054313 a cantilever panel connector is disclosed. An insulating part is penetrated by box-shaped tensile force transmission members. In the section of each tensile force transmission element, which is arranged in the insulating part, there is an insulating material used. The parallel tensile force transmission members are connected to one another by means of reinforcement bars running transversely to the same. Furthermore, a box-shaped pressure force transmission element is used in each insulation part, which has several cells, in which insulation material is also arranged.

Object of the invention

The disadvantages of the prior art described result in the task initiating the present invention of further developing a generic component which is simple in construction and nevertheless reliably absorbs all loads that occur. Furthermore, the component should be suitable for supported and unsupported cantilever elements and be able to be quickly adapted to predetermined length requirements.

description

The problem is solved in a thermally insulating component in that the number of pull-out locks corresponds to at least twice the number of steel profiles. Because the steel profile is straight in the longitudinal direction and has no elevations, there is a risk that it will be pulled out of the cantilever plate or the building elements by tensile loads. This danger of undressing is reliably avoided by providing pull-out locks. The pull-out safety device has at least one protrusion in the vertical direction, for example a pin or a hook, which are cast into the concrete and therefore represent a high resistance in the pull-out direction.

According to the invention, the pull-out protection is in each case an end plate arranged on the end faces of the steel profile, which protrudes beyond the cross section of the steel profile. Load tests have surprisingly shown that the end plates alone prevent the steel profiles from being pulled out of the cantilever plate without further pull-out protection. The end plates also serve as a seal for the open ends of the steel profiles and therefore fulfill a dual purpose. Additional pull-out protections can, but do not have to be provided on the steel profiles.

The invention is preferably characterized in that the pull-out safety device is a U-shaped bracket, the clear width of which corresponds to the width of the steel profile. The advantage of a U-bracket is that it can be easily manufactured from a steel rod and can protrude the steel profile on opposite sides. By dimensioning the clear width of the U-bracket, both legs can be attached to the steel profile. It has proven to be useful if the legs of the U-bracket protrude beyond the steel profile. The bending of the U-bracket also inevitably projects above the steel profile. The protrusion on both sides of the U-bracket ensures reliable pull-out protection of the steel profile. The steel profile could only be pulled out of the cantilever slab or the building ceiling if concrete was destroyed and broken out. At least two pull-out locks are expediently fastened one behind the other on each side of the steel profile, as a result of which there is an outer and an inner pull-out lock on the steel profile. The provision of a pair of pull-out safeguards increases their effectiveness. Together with a connecting rod, which connects the pair of U-brackets at the bends and the steel profiles, a force profile is formed which is extremely stable and fulfills all the requirements of a connection element. In addition, the leg ends of the outer U-bracket serve as a holder for a drawbar that can be hung into the steel profile.

The invention is also preferably characterized in that the steel profile projects beyond the insulating body on both sides by at most 20 cm and preferably by at most 16 cm. Since the insulating body usually has a thickness of about 8 cm, it follows that the steel profile has a length between 30 and 70 cm and preferably between 40 and 60 cm. To prevent the formation of cold bridges, the steel profile must be made of poorly heat-conducting steel. These are high-alloy stainless steels, which have a high material price compared to structural steels. Therefore, the aim should be to keep the steel profiles as short as possible.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the steel profile is a square tube. Although steel profiles with other common cross-sections are also conceivable, the square tube is characterized by a high degree of transverse stability. Due to the closed cavity inside the pipe, it can be filled with insulation material and extension profiles can also be inserted into it. By filling with insulation material, the insulating properties of the component can be improved.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the end plate rests on the outer U-bracket. The end plate then also serves as a reinforcing element for the protruding legs of the outer U-bracket. If very high tensile forces act on the drawbar attached to the steel profile, their protruding leg ends are reinforced by the end plate against which they rest. Bending of the leg ends is therefore reliably prevented by the face plate. Since the end plate extends beyond the steel profile along the circumference, it serves, as already described above, in particular as a pull-out protection. The end plate preferably has a square shape, but can also have other shapes, provided that the projecting leg ends are reinforced by the end plate.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an offset element is attached to the end faces of the steel profile. The provision of an offset element makes it possible for a cantilever plate to be connected continuously to a building ceiling through the component, even if the building ceiling is higher than the insulating body of the component. The fact that the offset element can be inserted into the square tube means that a component with an offset option is very easy to produce. In contrast to a circular cross section, the offset element cannot be placed in the square tube twist. It is also conceivable to weld the offset element to the steel profile.

The offset element is expediently an angled square tube which essentially has a Z-shaped shape. The external dimensions of the offset element are adapted to the internal dimensions of the square tube, which means that the offset element can be inserted into the square tube. The connection can be made, for example, by welding. The length of the vertical part of the offset element corresponds to the offset so that a continuous connection of a cantilever plate is made possible.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the plurality of steel profiles in the upper half of the insulating body penetrate the latter and a plurality of pressure elements penetrate the insulating body in the lower half of the insulating body, the pressure elements each comprising a first part and a second part, which parts are plugged into each other. The pressure element is therefore particularly easy to integrate in the insulating body, even if it has ends with an enlarged cross section. Pressure elements must then be integrated into the insulating body if the cantilever plate is not supported by external supports and therefore pressure forces have to be transmitted from the cantilever plate to the building through the component.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and second parts each comprise a first and a second pipe piece, the end faces of the pipe pieces facing away from one another being connected with covers, the cross section of which is expanded compared to the cross section of the pipe pieces. The covers with enlarged pressure receiving areas enable an improved and complete transfer of the pressure force of the cantilever plate to the building or the building ceiling. The two-part nature of the pressure element enables the pressure element to be accommodated in the insulating body, regardless of the extent to which the covers protrude beyond the pipe sections. The pressure element is preferably made of stainless steel. The pipe sections can have a circular cross section or a polygonal cross section, in particular a square cross section.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross section of the first and second pipe sections are dimensioned such that the pipe sections can be plugged into one another, the distance between the covers in the assembled state of the pressure element essentially corresponding to the thickness of the insulating body. This design feature ensures that the compressive forces to be transmitted act exclusively on the pressure elements and that no pressure acts on the soft insulating body, even if the covers bear against the insulating body.

Because the pressure element is filled with an insulating material, which is made possible by its two-part design, the component is also well insulated in the area of the pressure elements.

A leaf spring is advantageously attached to the ends of the steel profile and a tension bracket can be hung between the outer pull-out safety device and the leaf spring. The leaf spring makes it possible that the tension bow does not have to be attached to the component during the manufacture of the component, but can only be attached to it afterwards. This makes it easier to transport and install the component. In addition, the square tube and the drawbar can be made of different materials. It is preferred if the steel profile is made from a high-alloy stainless steel and the tension bracket from an unalloyed or low-alloy steel.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, foam inserts are arranged on the vertical sides of the square tube. This can dampen horizontal displacements of the cantilever plate. This is particularly important with regard to improved earthquake safety of the building in which the component is integrated.

Figur 1:

eine axonometrische Ansicht einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Bauelements;

Figur 2:

eine Draufsicht auf das Bauelement aus Figur 1;

Figur 3:

eine Schnittdarstellung des Bauelements entlang der Linie III-III aus Figur 2;

Figur 4:

eine axonometrische Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Bauelements;

Figur 5:

eine Draufsicht auf das Bauelement aus Figur 4;

Figur 6:

eine Schnittdarstellung des Bauelements entlang der Linie VI-VI aus Figur 5.

Figur 7:

eine axonometrische Ansicht einer dritten Ausführungsform des Bauelements;

Figur 8:

eine Draufsicht auf das Bauelement aus Figur 7,

Figur 9:

eine Schnittdarstellung des Bauelements entlang der Linie IX-IX aus Figur 8,

Figur 10:

eine Draufsicht einer vierten Ausführungsform des Bauelements,

Figur 11:

eine Schnittdarstellung des Bauelements entlang der Linie XI-XI aus Figur 10 und

Figur 12

eine Seitenansicht der vierten Ausführungsform.

Further advantages and features result from the following description of three exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the schematic representations. In a representation that is not to scale,

Figure 1:

an axonometric view of a first embodiment of a component;

Figure 2:

a top view of the component Figure 1 ;

Figure 3:

a sectional view of the component along the line III-III Figure 2 ;

Figure 4:

an axonometric view of a second embodiment of the component;

Figure 5:

a top view of the component Figure 4 ;

Figure 6:

a sectional view of the device along the line VI-VI Figure 5 ,

Figure 7:

an axonometric view of a third embodiment of the component;

Figure 8:

a top view of the component Figure 7 .

Figure 9:

a sectional view of the component along the line IX-IX Figure 8 .

Figure 10:

a plan view of a fourth embodiment of the component,

Figure 11:

a sectional view of the device along the line XI-XI Figure 10 and

Figure 12

a side view of the fourth embodiment.

In the Figures 1 to 6 a thermally insulating component is shown for the force-transmitting connection of a cantilever plate to a building ceiling or building wall. The component is designated as a whole by reference number 11. The component serves as a connection element of the cantilever plate to a building. The tensile, compressive and transverse forces generated by the cantilever plate are introduced into the building by the component 11. In addition, the component 11 has a heat-insulating effect on the cantilever plate.

The component 11 comprises an insulating body 13, which preferably has a cuboid shape and can be made of a heat-insulating material, such as a foamed plastic, glass wool or rock wool.

The insulating body 13 is penetrated by a plurality of steel profiles. Because steel profiles are used as reinforcement elements instead of bars, tensile and transverse forces can be absorbed by the steel profiles without additional reinforcement elements being necessary. The steel profiles can therefore also be called force profiles. Steel profiles with a rectangular or square cross-section have proven to be particularly stable. In the two embodiments of the component 11 shown, the steel profiles are square tubes 15. Of course, polygonal or round tubes other than steel profiles are also conceivable. Since steel profiles usually have no projections or elevations along their longitudinal extent, they can be pulled out of the concrete elements adjacent to the structural element by tensile loading. To prevent this, 15 pull-out safeguards in the form of U-brackets 17 are permanently attached to the square tubes, in particular welded on.

An outer U-bracket 17a and an inner U-bracket 17b are preferably attached to each side of the square tube 15. This increases the pull-out security of the square tubes 15 from the concrete elements. The U-bracket 17 have two legs, the inside width of which corresponds to the width of the square tubes 15. This allows both legs of the U-bracket 17 to be attached to the sides of the square tubes 15.

The legs of the U-bracket 17 protrude beyond the square tubes. This ensures a pull-out resistance above and below the square tubes 15. Each outer and inner U-bracket 17a, 17b of a pair of brackets are connected to a connecting rod 19, which increases the stability of the pull-out protection and prevents cracking in the concrete, since the outer and inner U-bracket 17a, 17b do not move relative to one another can.

The component 11 is manufactured in various required lengths between 1 and 4 meters. Depending on the loads to be expected in the building, between 2 and 6 square tubes 15 are inserted into the insulating body 13 per running meter of component 11. So that the component 11, in particular with longer lengths, during the Transport and installation is not damaged by bending, the individual square tubes are connected to a longitudinal rod 21 on both sides of the insulating body 13. The longitudinal bar 21 is welded to the square tubes 15 and / or to the inner U-brackets 17b. The upper side of the insulating body 13 can be covered with a plastic rail as weather protection. A component 11 with a length of more than one meter is produced by connecting a plurality of insulating bodies 13 each having a length of one meter, in particular by gluing them, and shortening one of the insulating bodies 13 to the desired dimension.

To improve the insulation properties, the square pipes 15 are filled with an insulating material 23 and closed with a plug 25. The square tubes 15 have a length of only about 40 cm, since at the ends of the square tubes 15 a pull bracket 27 can be attached. This two-part construction has several advantages. On the one hand, the tensile reinforcement does not have to be made entirely of expensive, poorly heat-conducting stainless steel, but only the square tubes 15. The tension brackets 27 can be made of a low-alloy or unalloyed structural steel, since the thermal conductivity plays no role in the concrete elements. On the other hand, the transport and installation of the component is facilitated if the pulling brackets 27 are not part of the component 11 from the beginning. To hang the tension bracket 27, it is clamped between the protruding legs of the outer U-bracket 17a and a leaf spring 29. The leaf spring 29 is preferably Z-shaped and attached to the top of the square tube 15.

In the Figures 4 to 6 a second embodiment with an offset element 31 is shown. The offset element 31 is used to connect a cantilever plate to a building, the cantilever plate having a height which is higher than the height of the insulating body 13. The raised cantilever plate can then, for example, be continuously aligned with the top of a building ceiling. The offset element 31 comprises a first and a second horizontal part 33a, 33b and a vertical part 35 which connects the two horizontal parts 33a, 33b. The offset element 31 is therefore essentially Z-shaped. The offset element 31 consists of an angled square tube, the outer dimensions of the second horizontal part 33b being dimensioned such that it can be inserted into the square tube 15. The square tube 15 preferably closes in the present embodiment on the side on which the offset element 31 is inserted, flush with the insulating body 13. As a result, the vertical part 35 can bear against the insulating body 13 and the square tube 15. The first horizontal part 33a serves as a support for the U-brackets 17a, 17b and the leaf spring 29. The displacement element 31 thus displaces the force profile upwards on one side. The offset height is preferably between 80 and 140 mm.

If the cantilever plate is designed without external supports, pressure elements 37 must be arranged in the insulating body 13 below the force profiles. The pressure elements 37 absorb the pressure forces which the cantilever plate exerts on the insulating body and pass the pressure forces on to the building ceiling or the building wall. The pressure elements 37 can be arranged directly below the square tubes 15 or penetrate the insulating body 13 offset thereto.

The pressure element 37 is preferably designed in two parts and comprises a first part 39 and a second part 41. The first and the second part are preferably pieces of pipe, for example with a square or round cross section, the outer dimensions of which are dimensioned such that the first and second part 39 , 41 put one into the other. The opposite end faces of the pipe sections are covered with covers 43. The covers 43 project beyond the cross section of the pipe sections in order to provide an enlarged receiving area for the pressure loads. The overlaps of the covers 43 also act as stop faces on the insulating body 13. For this purpose, the first part 39 preferably has a length which essentially corresponds to the thickness of the insulating body 13. If the second part 41 is inserted into the first part 39, the cover of the second part 41 abuts the end of the first part 39. The distance between the opposite covers 43 then corresponds to the thickness of the insulating body 13. Pressure forces are transmitted at the transition from the cover 43 of the second part 41 to the end of the first part 39 between the two parts of the pressure element 37, as a result of which the insulating body 13 is kept free of pressure forces ,

Because of its two parts, the pressure element 37 can be easily arranged in the insulating body, since the first and second parts 39, 41 can be inserted into the insulating body from two sides. In addition, the interior of the pressure element 37 can be filled with an insulating material due to the open construction.

In the Figures 7 to 9 Another embodiment is shown. In this embodiment, the plug 25 is replaced by an end plate 45. The end plates 45 are welded to the ends of the square tube 15 and protrude the square tube 15 on all sides by about 2 cm. The outer U-bracket 17a lies against the end plate 45 and is flush with the protruding legs of the U-bracket 17a, as is particularly the case in FIG Figure 9 is shown. The end plate 45 reinforces the protruding legs, which prevents bending of the legs, even if a very large tensile force acts on the protrusion of the legs due to the attached drawbar 27. In addition, the circumferential protrusion of the end plate 45 on the square tube 15 further secures the force profile from being pulled out.

In the Figures 7 to 9 it is shown that two longitudinal bars 21 can be arranged above and below the square tube 15 on each side of the component 11. The longitudinal bars 21 can also be arranged in front of or behind the inner U-bracket 17b. The longitudinal bars can be welded to the inner U-bracket 17b and / or to the sides of the square tube 15. The longitudinal bars 21 alone cannot provide sufficient pull-out protection since the protrusion from the square tubes 15 is too small and the longitudinal bars 21 are naturally round in cross section. However, you can further improve the pull-out security of the other pull-out safeguards 17a, 17b, 45.

In the Figures 10 to 12 Another particularly preferred embodiment of the component 11 is shown. Load tests have shown that the U-brackets 17a, 17b are not absolutely necessary for reliable pull-out protection if the end plates 45 are arranged on the end faces of the square tubes 15. The end plates preferably project beyond all four sides of the square tube 15. This results in a secure hold of the cantilever plate on the square tubes 15, even without the U-brackets 17a, 17b being present. A circumferential protrusion of the end plate 45 from the square tube 15 of 1 to 3 cm is preferred. In the Figures 10 to 12 Component 11 is shown without pressure element 37. This embodiment is therefore intended for supported cantilever elements or cantilever plates. In this embodiment, the Figures 10 to 12 however, pressure elements 37 may also be provided.

In the Figures 10 to 12 the plastic rails 47 acting as weather protection during the transport of the component 11 are also shown. The plastic rails 47 are attached to the top and bottom of the insulating body 13. Before the component 11 is installed, the plastic rail 47 is removed.

Foam inserts 49 can be attached to the vertical sides of the insulating bodies 13, as is the case with the Figure 10 shows. The foam inserts 49 serve to absorb or dampen horizontal displacements of the cantilever plate.

Legend:

11

module

13

insulator

15

Square tube

17a

Outer U-bracket

17b

Inner U-bracket

19

connecting rod

21

longitudinal bar

23

insulation

25

Plug

27

Bail

29

leaf spring

31

displacement element

33a, 33b

Horizontal parts

35

vertical part

37

pressure element

39

First part of the pressure element

41

Second part of the pressure element

43

cover

45

faceplate

47

Plastic rail

Claims (14)

1. Thermally insulating construction element (11) for the force transmitting connection of a cantilever slab to a building ceiling or a building wall with

   - an insulating body (13) for placing between the cantilever slab and the building ceiling or the building wall,

   - a multitude of steel profiles (15) that pass through the insulating body (13) and serve to absorb tensile and transversal forces and

   - single slide safety assemblies (17) that are undetachably fixed to both sides of the insulating body (13) on the multitude of steel profiles (15) and that project beyond the profile (15) at at least one point, wherein the multitude of slide safety assemblies (17) corresponds at least to the double number of steel profiles (15),

   characterized in
   that the slide safety assembly is a front plate (45) placed on each front side of the steel profile (15) that projects beyond the cross section of the steel profile (15).
2. Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the slide safety assembly is a U-shaped stirrup (17), the clear width of which corresponds to the width of the steel profile (15).
3. Construction element according to claim 2, characterized in that the legs of the U-shaped stirrup (17) project beyond the steel profile (15).
4. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two slide safety assemblies (17) are fixed the one behind the other on each side of the steel profile (17) so that there is an outer and an inner slide safety assembly on the steel profile (17).
5. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steel profile (15) projects beyond the insulating body (13) on both sides by maximally 20 cm and preferably by maximally 16 cm.
6. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steel profile is a square tube (15).
7. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front plate (45) bears on the outer U-shaped stirrup (17a).
8. Construction element according to one of the claims 5 or 6, characterized in that an offset element (31) is fixed to each of the front sides of the steel profile (15).
9. Construction element according to claim 8, characterized in that the offset element (31) is an angled square tube that has substantially a Z-shaped design.
10. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multitude of steel profiles (15) passes through the upper half of the insulating body (13) and a multitude of pressure elements (37) passes through the lower half of the insulating body (13), wherein the pressure elements (37) comprise a first part (39) and a second part (41) each, which parts can be plugged the one into the other.
11. Construction element according to claim 10, characterized in that the first and the second part comprise a first or a second tubular piece (39), (41) each, wherein the opposed front sides of the square tubes are connected to covers (43), the cross section of which is enlarged with respect to the cross section of the square tubes.
12. Construction element according to claim 11, characterized in that the cross section of the first and of the second tubular piece (39), (41) are dimensioned such that the tubular pieces (39), (41) can be plugged the one into the other, wherein the distance of the covers (43), when the pressure element (37) is assembled, substantially corresponds to the thickness of the insulating body (13).
13. Construction element according to one of the claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the pressure element (37) is filled with a damping material.
14. Construction element according to one of the claims 6 to 13, characterized in that foam inserts are placed on the vertical sides of the square tube (15).

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