EP3208886A1 - Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3208886A1
EP3208886A1 EP16203119.9A EP16203119A EP3208886A1 EP 3208886 A1 EP3208886 A1 EP 3208886A1 EP 16203119 A EP16203119 A EP 16203119A EP 3208886 A1 EP3208886 A1 EP 3208886A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
switch
ports
phase shifter
configuration function
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16203119.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3208886B1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Mühlbauer
Stefan Reichelt
Volker Küsel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Kathrein Werke KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kathrein Werke KG filed Critical Kathrein Werke KG
Publication of EP3208886A1 publication Critical patent/EP3208886A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3208886B1 publication Critical patent/EP3208886B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna having an antenna controller, a plurality of radiators and a plurality of functional elements.
  • it is a mobile radio antenna, in particular for a mobile radio base station, d. H. to a mobile radio antenna with which mobile signals can be received and sent to a mobile radio base station.
  • the antenna can have a communication interface, which is usually an AISG interface. Such an interface allows, on the one hand, the control of the emission angle via an external control. Furthermore you can Data from the antenna, such as the serial number, etc., can also be read out via the communication interface.
  • the communication with the external control can be done in a first variant via a separate cable, which connects the antenna control with the external control.
  • a separate cable which connects the antenna control with the external control.
  • maintenance personnel can connect the external control for setting the radiation angle on site with the antenna control.
  • the communication interface may allow communication with the external controller via the radio frequency lines connected to the ports of the radiators.
  • the communication signals of the communication interface are superimposed with the mobile radio signals transmitted on the radio-frequency lines.
  • the separation of the received communication signals or the uploading of the transmitted communication signals can take place via an interface which is designated as a bias T and is arranged in the high-frequency lines.
  • This type of communication makes it possible to control the antenna control via an external control arranged in the area of the base station or integrated into the base station. In turn, the operator of the mobile radio base station can access this external control.
  • the mobile radio antennas usually have a plurality of different radiators for transmitting and / or receiving in a plurality of frequency bands, which are connected via separate ports of the antenna with the mobile radio base station.
  • such antennas are therefore manufactured with different equipment for emitters for, for example, three, four or five different frequency bands. This results in a large number of variants in the production. If an operator wants to expand the base station at a later time by adding more frequency bands, or if another operator wants to use the antenna as well, the previously installed antenna must be replaced by an antenna equipped with additional radiators.
  • Such mobile radio antennas from the applicant's home are described, for example, in the document KATHREIN, Remote Electrical Tilt System, Overview of related products, Installation and Control Possibilities, Edition 01/2014.
  • the DE 10 2011 009 600 B3 further shows a mechanical switching device, via which a plurality of phase shifters such a mobile radio antenna can be driven by only one drive.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an antenna by means of which the costs of production and operation can be reduced and / or which can be used more flexibly.
  • the present invention shows an antenna with an antenna controller, a plurality of radiators and a plurality of functional elements.
  • the antenna controller has a configuration function that can be accessed via an external controller. According to the invention, it is provided that at least one functional element can be deactivated and / or unlocked via the configuration function.
  • the antenna according to the invention is preferably a mobile radio antenna, in particular for a mobile radio base station.
  • the antennas no longer have to be equipped with different numbers of functional elements depending on the specific requirements of the operator. Rather, all antennas can be manufactured with the full range of functional elements in the production. If an operator requires only a part of the functional elements, initially only a corresponding subgroup of functional elements is released ex factory. If the operator requires further functional elements in the course of the operation of the antenna, these can be additionally activated via the configuration function. Conversely, if necessary, functional elements which are no longer needed can be deactivated. Since the configuration function can be accessed via an external controller, the reconfiguration of the antenna and the activation and / or deactivation of the individual functional elements is easily possible.
  • the present invention thus allows a cost-effective production of the antennas due to the reduced number of variants, as well as an extremely flexible adaptation of the antennas to the needs of the operator.
  • the antenna can be extended by activation of functional elements and no longer needs to be replaced by another antenna as in the prior art.
  • the functional elements may in particular be elements of the hardware with which the antenna is equipped.
  • a plurality of antennas can thus be equipped with the same hardware, and then be adapted to the needs of the operator via the configuration function of the antenna controller.
  • the functional elements comprise ports via which the radiators of the antenna are supplied with signals. At least one port can be deactivated via the configuration function and / or unlocked. Furthermore, several ports can be selectively deactivated and / or activated via the configuration function.
  • the ports are preferably terminals of the antenna, to which cables can be connected to supply the antenna of the antenna with signals. Particularly preferably, these are high-frequency connections to which high-frequency cables can be connected, which connect the antenna to the base station.
  • a plurality of radiators of the antenna may be interconnected to at least one array radiator arrangement.
  • the radiators can be interconnected via a phase shifter to form a phased array, so that the angle of inclination of the phased array can be adjusted by adjusting the phase shifter.
  • the radiators of a group radiator arrangement preferably have at least one common port which can be deactivated and / or unlocked by the configuration function
  • the emitters may be dual polarized emitters.
  • two ports are assigned to such a radiator in this case.
  • a plurality of dual-polarized radiators are preferably interconnected to form a dual-polarized group radiator arrangement, as described above.
  • Such a phased array thus has two ports, one for each of the two polarizations.
  • the two ports of a phased array arrangement can be deactivated and / or unlocked by the configuration function.
  • the two ports of a dual-polarized radiator and / or a dual-polarized group radiator arrangement are each jointly deactivatable and / or unlockable.
  • the two ports of such a dual polarized radiator and / or such a dual polarized array radiator arrangement are indeed no longer separately enabled and / or disabled, but only together.
  • the two ports of such an antenna are not required separately.
  • the circuitry complexity for deactivating and / or unlock of a dual polarized radiator and / or a dual polarized array radiator assembly are not required separately.
  • the antenna according to the invention also advantageously has ports or emitters and / or phased array arrangements connected thereto for transmitting and / or receiving in different frequency bands.
  • the antenna according to the invention can have radiators or array radiator arrangements with different center frequencies.
  • the antenna may have ports and / or radiators for more than three, preferably more than four frequency bands.
  • the antenna is a pentaband antenna, i. H. an antenna with ports for five different frequency bands.
  • the antenna may have at least one array antenna arrangement for each frequency band.
  • the antenna may have ports and / or radiators for more than three, preferably more than four frequency bands, wherein the ports for at least one and preferably for more than one frequency band can be deactivated and / or unlocked.
  • the antenna is delivered in a configuration in which the remaining ports are deactivated. If the operator, or another operator, requires additional frequency bands during operation, the initially deactivated ports can be activated via the configuration function.
  • the antenna may have a plurality of array radiator arrangements for individual frequency bands or for all frequency bands.
  • the antenna may include at least one frequency band for a plurality of array radiator arrangements have, wherein the ports of at least one and preferably more of these phased array arrangements can be deactivated and / or unlocked.
  • Such a design with several phased array arrangements for the same frequency band thus makes it possible to increase the capacity of the antenna in one frequency band by activating a further phased array arrangement, for example in order to be able to connect several base stations to the same antenna.
  • the antenna can have one or more radiators and / or phased array arrangements whose ports can not be deactivated and / or unlocked.
  • the antenna has one or more radiators and / or phased array arrangements, the ports of which can be deactivated and / or unlocked and therefore can be deactivated and / or activated to change the functional scope of the antenna.
  • the plurality of radiators and / or phased array arrays of the antenna are arranged in a single antenna housing.
  • the ports further preferably have connection elements for connecting high-frequency cables, such as sockets, which are arranged on the housing.
  • phase shifters for adjusting the angle of inclination of the phased array arrangements are also preferably provided.
  • the radiators of a phased array arrangement are preferably arranged vertically one above the other in a column. Furthermore, several such columns can be arranged next to emitters. Furthermore, the radiators of different frequency bands can be interlaced.
  • the radiators are preferably arranged on a common carrier arrangement. In particular, the carrier arrangement may be a common reflector for the radiators.
  • At least one switch which is mechanically adjustable from a first switch position to a second switch position is provided for deactivating and / or releasing the ports.
  • a mechanical switch allows easy switching of high-frequency signals.
  • the adjustment of the switch is controlled according to the invention via the antenna control, in particular, the configuration function has access to the adjustment of the switch.
  • the switch preferably deactivates the port in the first switching position, while the port in the second switching position connects with at least one radiator.
  • two adjustable switches are mechanically coupled together and / or integrated with each other and can only be adjusted together.
  • such two switches serve to enable and / or disable the two ports of a dual polarized radiator and / or a dual polarized array radiator arrangement.
  • the two switches can deactivate the two ports in the first switching position and, in the second switching position, connect the ports to the dual-polarized radiator and / or the dual-polarized group radiator arrangement.
  • a switch as it can be used according to the invention for deactivating and / or activating a port, are described in more detail. If a plurality of switches are used, then preferably more than one switch, and more preferably all switches, are designed as described below.
  • the switch may have a rotatably mounted pickup, which in the first switching position separates a connection with a first signal line and establishes a connection with a first signal line in the second switching position.
  • the first signal line can be connected to a first line section of the switch in connection, which capacitively coupled in the second switching position via a dielectric layer with a line section of the pickup.
  • the first signal line connects the switch with a radiator.
  • the pickup is electrically coupled to a second signal line via a coupling point arranged in the region of its axis of rotation, in particular capacitively.
  • this second signal line is connected to the port.
  • the consumer establishes a connection to a termination in the first switching position, in particular by capacitively coupling the consumer in the first switching position to a second line section of the switch, which is connected to a termination.
  • a 50 ⁇ termination can be used. By appropriate adaptation, this creates no reflection.
  • a short circuit can be used as termination.
  • the short-circuited line creates a total reflection.
  • an open line can be used as termination.
  • the open end is shielded to prevent interaction with the antenna. This also creates a total reflection at the open end.
  • a deactivated port can be recognized by the base station.
  • a VSWR alarm is triggered when the base stations are connected to a deactivated port and this is supplied with power.
  • the termination can be integrated in the switch or executed as a separate component which is connected to the switch, in particular in the case of the cable.
  • the switch has a closed housing.
  • This may, for example, consist of an electrically conductive material or be coated with such.
  • the switch according to the invention is actuated via an electrically controllable actuator.
  • this may be an electromechanical actuator.
  • an actuator for example, an electromechanical linear actuator and / or an electric motor, in particular with gear, can be used.
  • the switch is actuated via an actuator, which is also used for adjusting at least one phase shifter of the antenna.
  • an actuator which is also used for adjusting at least one phase shifter of the antenna.
  • the antenna can have a plurality of phase shifters, which are adjustable via a single actuator.
  • the actuator is selectively connectable via a switching device with one of the phase shifter in order to adjust this.
  • the switching device preferably has a plurality of separate outputs for adjusting the phase shifters, the outputs being in each case connected to at least one phase shifter via a drive mechanism.
  • the actuator and / or the switching device according to the invention is now also used to actuate one or more switches for disabling and / or enabling ports.
  • the switching device and / or the drive mechanism, which connects the switching device with the phase shifters can be designed as in the DE 10 2011 009 600 B3 the same applicant is shown. The content of this application is fully incorporated by reference.
  • the switch and at least one phase shifter can be adjusted together by means of a common drive mechanism, which is actuated by the actuator.
  • the switch and the at least one phase shifter can be assigned to the same group of radiators.
  • the switch can be used for activating and / or deactivating a group radiator arrangement formed by a group of radiators, while the phase shifter, which is actuated with the switch via the common drive mechanism, is used to adjust the angle of inclination of the phased array arrangement.
  • the drive mechanism is driven by an output of the switching device described above.
  • the common drive mechanism adjusts the switch between the first and the second switching position in a first adjustment range, and adjusts the phase shifter in a second adjustment range.
  • a first adjustment of the drive mechanism thus serves to actuate the switch, a second for adjusting the inclination angle.
  • connection between the drive mechanism and the switch in the second adjustment on a freewheel to adjust by further actuation of the drive mechanism, the phase shifter, without the switch would be actuated.
  • the freewheel thus ensures that the switch remains in the second switching position in which the port is activated, while by adjusting the drive mechanism in the second adjustment of the inclination angle is changed by creating the phase shifter.
  • connection between the drive mechanism and the phase shifter can have a freewheel in the first adjustment range in order to adjust the switch by actuating the drive mechanism. This freewheel ensures that the phase shifter is not further adjusted while the port is deactivated by operating the switch.
  • the phase shifter in the first adjustment range can also be adjusted together with the switch.
  • the phase shifter on an adjustment which although not used to change the inclination angle of the activated radiator, but is only swept over when the switch is moved from the second switching position to the first switching position.
  • the phase shifter can be dispensed with a freewheel.
  • the common drive mechanism may be, for example, a push rod which is connected via eccentric and / or driver with both the switch and with the phase shifter.
  • the drive mechanism may be a transmission which connects an output shaft to both the switch and the phase shifter.
  • the switch and the phase shifter in the exemplary embodiment just described are preferably connected to the same output of the switching device. The use of the switch thus requires no additional drives on the switching device.
  • the switch and the one or more phase shifters can each be adjusted by means of a separate drive mechanism.
  • These drive mechanisms are preferably selectively connectable to the actuator via a switching device.
  • a switch and a phase shifter which are assigned to the same group of radiators, can thus be adjusted via separate drive mechanisms.
  • An adjustment of the switch and the phase shifter thus requires a switching of the switching between the corresponding drives.
  • the drive mechanism for the switch and the drive mechanism for the phase shifter are coupled with separate outputs of the switching device.
  • the drive mechanism for the switch or the phase shifter is simplified because no freewheels are required.
  • the use of the switch requires an additional output to the switching device.
  • the functional elements may include communication interfaces for communication between the antenna controller and an external controller, where at least one and preferably several of the communication interfaces are selectively deactivatable and / or unlockable by the configuration function.
  • the antenna hardware is shipped from the factory with a full set of communication interfaces, but the communication interfaces not required by the operator are initially disabled and are only enabled when they are needed.
  • an enabled communication interface allows the control of the angle of inclination of at least one array antenna array of the antenna, and / or the reading of antenna data.
  • the communication interfaces may, for example, be AISG interfaces.
  • AISG is a standardized protocol for communicating with an antenna control.
  • the communication interfaces are assigned to the ports of the antenna and enable communication via the signal lines used for transmitting the signals to the radiators.
  • the high-frequency lines which are used for transmitting the signals, in particular the mobile radio signals to the emitters, at the same time be used for transmitting the data signals for communication with the antenna control.
  • the communication stations can each comprise a bias T, which separates the mobile radio transmission signals and the communication data from each other.
  • the communication interfaces can be integrated into the ports of the antenna, so that communication with the communication interface integrated into the port can take place by connecting a high-frequency line to a port of the antenna as soon as it has been activated. Unlike conventional Bias-T, these do not need to be extra inserted into the RF line, but are already integrated into the ports of the antenna.
  • one or more of the communication interfaces can also have a separate connection with which these are wired, for example, to an external controller.
  • the connection can serve exclusively for communication with the antenna control.
  • the antenna controller may include a control matrix which determines which communication interface can be used to access which components of the antenna.
  • the control matrix is configurable via the configuration function.
  • the antenna comprises a plurality of phased array arrangements, which can be accessed separately via different communication interfaces and / or jointly via a communication interface, depending on the configuration of the control matrix.
  • the control matrix it is thus possible to access a plurality of array lamp arrangements via only one communication interface, and in particular to adjust the tilt angle thereof and / or to read out the data thereof.
  • separate communication interfaces can each be set up so that only one or more of these communication interfaces assigned to each group radiator arrays can be accessed, but not to other, another communication interface associated array radiator arrangements.
  • the functional elements of the antenna comprise ports via which the emitters of the antenna are supplied with signals, and communication interfaces, wherein at least one port and at least one communication interface can be deactivated and / or unlocked by the configuration function.
  • the communication interface is assigned to the port.
  • the activation of the port can be independent of the activation of the communication interface.
  • a port can thus be enabled while the communication interface assigned to it remains deactivated.
  • the above-mentioned control matrix can be configured such that an antenna, which is supplied with signals via an activated port, while the communication interface assigned to the port is deactivated, can be accessed via a different communication interface.
  • the deactivation of a communication interface can take place independently of the deactivation of the associated port.
  • a communication interface can only be activated if the associated port has also been activated.
  • the deactivation and activation of the communication interfaces can be carried out independently of the deactivation and activation of the ports.
  • control matrix is configured such that it is not possible to access any of the communication interfaces on emitters or array emitter arrangements which are assigned to a deactivated port.
  • the antenna according to the invention preferably has a plurality of ports and a plurality of communication interfaces which can be deactivated and / or unlocked by the configuration function.
  • the communication interfaces are preferably assigned to the respective ports.
  • the activation of the ports is independent of the activation of the communication interfaces.
  • the functional elements comprise at least one sensor which can be deactivated and / or unlocked by the configuration function. This makes it possible to equip the antenna with such a sensor, regardless of whether the operator actually needs a sensor. If the sensor is needed then the sensor can be unlocked.
  • selectively different data of the sensor may be deactivatable and / or unlockable, and / or selectively the data of different sensors deactivatable and / or unlockable.
  • different data can be made available through activation.
  • the data can be read out by means of the external controller, for which purpose the external controller can communicate with the antenna controller.
  • the sensor or the sensors may in particular be an inclination sensor and / or a position sensor and / or a temperature sensor and / or a humidity sensor.
  • the data of a tilt sensor and / or position sensor can be used in particular in the establishment and / or verification of the correct device of an antenna.
  • the data of a temperature sensor and / or humidity sensor can be used for example for weather forecasts.
  • the configuration function of the antenna control according to the invention can be implemented, for example, via a configuration file which is stored in the antenna control and can be changed by the external control.
  • the change of the configuration and thus the activation and / or deactivation of functional elements takes place via a software update, within the framework of which the configuration file is changed.
  • the configuration function may include an authentication function that includes unauthorized deactivation and / or activation prevents the functional elements. This ensures that only authorized sites can access the antenna configuration.
  • the authentication function can work with software signatures and / or software keys.
  • the antenna controller has a communication interface, via which the external controller can access the configuration function.
  • At least one communication interface can be provided, via which the external controller can access the configuration function, and which is not deactivatable and / or which is not assigned to a port.
  • at least one communication interface can be provided, via which the external controller can access the configuration function, wherein this communication interface has a separate connection.
  • an external controller can access the configuration function via all activated communication interfaces.
  • An antenna according to the invention may be connected to one or more base stations in order to transmit and receive mobile radio signals. If the antenna is connected to several base stations, these can be operated by the same service provider, but also by different service providers.
  • the antenna according to the invention is preferably a passive antenna, i. H. the antenna does not have any amplifiers between the ports and the radiators. In a possible alternative embodiment, however, the antenna according to the invention may also be an active antenna.
  • the present invention includes a base station arrangement having at least one base station and at least one antenna as described above.
  • the at least one base station is preferably connected via high-frequency cable with at least one port of the antenna according to the invention.
  • At least one first and one second base station are provided, which are each connected separately to ports of the antenna.
  • different array antenna arrays arranged in the antenna are supplied separately with mobile radio signals via the first and second base stations.
  • the first and the second base station communicate with the antenna control via separate communication interfaces of the antenna.
  • the first and the second base station can access only the radiators and / or phased array arrays of the antenna, which are assigned to this base station and are supplied with mobile radio signals from this base station.
  • the communication interfaces are preferably assigned to the ports.
  • at least a first and a second service provider can jointly use the antenna by this embodiment.
  • the configuration can thus be changed during operation of the antenna such that further functional elements can be used.
  • additional ports and / or additional communication interfaces can be unlocked.
  • the additional ports for transmitting and / or receiving are preferably used in a further mobile radio frequency band.
  • a further base station can be connected to the second subset of functional elements, in particular the other ports.
  • additional communication interfaces can be unlocked.
  • the communication interfaces may each have a ping function by which the signal propagation time between the external controller and the communication interface can be measured.
  • the external control can be, for example, a portable device which is connected locally via a cable to a corresponding connection of the antenna or wirelessly via a corresponding communication interface.
  • the external control can be an antenna line device.
  • the external controller may alternatively or additionally communicate with the antenna controller via the mobile radio base station.
  • communication between the external controller and the antenna controller may be via a cable dedicated solely to communication between the antenna controller and the external controller.
  • the communication between the external controller and the antenna controller may be via communication signals exchanged with the mobile radio signals on the high frequency cables provided between the base station and the antenna.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of a base station arrangement according to the invention is shown, in which an embodiment of an antenna 1 according to the invention is used.
  • the antenna 1 has a plurality of radiators 2, which are connected via ports 3 of the antenna 1 and high-frequency lines 12 to base stations 4 and 4 '.
  • the antenna receives radio frequency transmission signals from the base stations and transmits them via the radiators 2.
  • the emitters 2 receive mobile radio signals from terminals.
  • the antenna 30 has a housing, in the interior of which the radiators 2 are arranged. On the housing 30, the ports 3 are provided, which are designed as sockets for connection to the high-frequency cables.
  • a plurality of radiators 2 of the antenna are combined to form a phased array 31.
  • the individual emitters 2 of such a group emitter array 31 are supplied with mobile radio signals via a common port 3.
  • the radiators of the array emitter array 31 are preferably arranged one above the other at least in a vertical column.
  • the individual emitters of the array emitter array are connected to the port via one or more phase shifters 14. By adjusting the phase difference between the individual radiators of the phased array arrangement, the inclination angle of the antenna can be adjusted electrically.
  • the emitters 2 are in the exemplary embodiment dual-polarized emitters. One emitter is therefore assigned two separate ports for its two polarizations. In the same way, therefore, two ports for the two polarizations of the emitters forming the phased array are associated with a group emitter array 31. As a port in the context of the present invention is thus to be understood as the connection of a radiator or combined to a group of radiator array radiator group.
  • the antenna 1 has an antenna control 5, via which the setting of the angle of inclination of the phased array arrangements can be controlled.
  • the antenna has at least one electromotive actuator 15, which is connected via one or more drive mechanisms with the phase shifters in order to adjust them.
  • the actuator 15 is driven by the antenna controller 5.
  • the antenna controller 5 has a communication interface 10, via which it can be connected to an external controller 9.
  • the connection between the external controller 9 and the antenna controller 5 is made via a cable 11.
  • the external controller 9 is an antenna line device.
  • the communication interface is an AISG interface.
  • the antenna controller 5 has an AISG socket, via which it can be connected to the external controller 9.
  • the communication between the antenna controller 5 and the external controller 9 can also be wireless, for example via known wireless interfaces such as ZigBee, Bluetooth or WiFi.
  • the communication between the antenna control 5 and the external control 9 can also take place via the high-frequency cables.
  • the corresponding communication interfaces are described in more detail below.
  • the external control can also be integrated in the base station 4 and / or 4 ', and / or allow remote maintenance.
  • the antenna 1 has a plurality of array radiator arrangements 31 for different mobile radio frequency bands.
  • the antenna can have phased array arrangements for 3, 4 or 5 mobile radio frequency bands.
  • the antenna may have only one group radiator arrangement in possible exemplary embodiments, but in other embodiments also two or more group radiator arrangements for the same mobile radio frequency band.
  • the emitters 2 of the antenna, or the ports 3, via which the emitters 2 are supplied with mobile radio signals, form functional elements of the antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna according to the invention has a plurality of communication interfaces 6, which allow communication with the antenna controller 5.
  • these further communication interfaces could be carried out in the same way as the communication interface 10, and comprise a socket, via which a solely communication with the communication interface serving cable with the antenna controller 5 is connectable.
  • the communication interface 6 separates the signals applied via the high-frequency signal lines 12 on the one hand in the high-frequency mobile radio signals, which are forwarded via the high-frequency signal line 8 to the emitters 2, as well as in the communication signals, which passed via the communication signal line 7 to the antenna controller 5 become.
  • the communication signals coming from the antenna controller 5 are superimposed on the high-frequency signals coming from the radiators.
  • the communication signals can be modulated in the communication interface 6 for transmission via the high-frequency signal lines 12 of a carrier frequency, which is outside the mobile radio frequency range.
  • the communication interfaces may be AISG interfaces. As described above, these are preferably designed as bias T, ie they allow communication via the high-frequency signal lines 12.
  • the communication interfaces are integrated in the ports 3 of the antenna, ie no separate receivers arranged in or on the high-frequency signal lines are required in order to establish the communication. Rather, the communication interfaces are already part of the antenna. As a result, the high-frequency signal lines 12 must be connected only to the ports 3 in order to communicate with the communication interfaces 6 of the antenna can.
  • the integration according to the invention of the communication interfaces 6 into the ports 3 does not necessarily mean that the bias T must be arranged directly in the region of the socket for connecting the high-frequency lines. Rather, this can also be arranged elsewhere in the antenna.
  • the antenna according to the invention comprises a sensor arrangement 16 with at least one sensor. This is also connected to the antenna controller 5 in connection.
  • the antenna controller 5 has a configuration function, via which at least one functional element can be deactivated and / or unlocked.
  • the functional element may in particular be a port 3, a communication interface 6, and / or a sensor 16.
  • the configuration function makes it possible to produce and deliver the antenna in a full-featured hardware configuration. If a customer does not initially require all functional elements, the unneeded functional elements are deactivated at the factory. Due to the configuration function according to the invention, however, these can be enabled in the further operation, so that the operator can access the further functional elements, if he still needs them in the further operation, after appropriate activation. The possibility of activation also makes it possible, for example, to enable a further operator to access functional elements not used by a first operator.
  • the antenna may be designed as a pentaband antenna with five frequency bands and ten ports on the hardware side. Of these five However, one or more frequency bands may initially be disabled for frequency bands.
  • the antenna can be delivered as a triple-band antenna with three frequency bands and thus six activated ports. Later, the remaining two frequency bands, and thus the four remaining ports, can be enabled by the external controller, if needed.
  • the switch is arranged between the port 3 and the radiator or radiators, which are supplied by the port 3 with high-frequency signals.
  • the switch between the port 3 and a phase shifter 14, via which a plurality of radiators 2 are interconnected to form a phased array, may be arranged.
  • the switch is a one-to-two switch, i. H. a switch which selectively connects a first terminal 32 to a second terminal 21 or a third terminal 22.
  • the first terminal 32 communicates with the port 3, the third terminal 22 with the radiators, which are supplied from the port with mobile radio signals.
  • the switch deactivates the port 3, d. H. it separates the high-frequency signal connection between port 3 and the emitter or emitters associated with this port.
  • the switch connects the port 3 with the emitter (s) assigned to the port.
  • the switch has a rotatably mounted pickup 20, which is electrically coupled in the region of its axis of rotation with the first terminal 32, in particular is capacitively coupled.
  • a line section 20 of the pickup is electrically coupled to the second terminal 21, preferably also capacitively.
  • a line section of the Customer 20 is preferably capacitive.
  • the switch is thus constructed in a similar manner as known from phase shifters. However, instead of the line sections, which are swept to change the phase shift from the customer, the switch has two separate line sections, the first line section, which forms the second terminal 21, in the first switching position with the pickup 20, and the second line section, which forms the third terminal 22, coupled in the second switching position with the pickup, wherein the first and the second line section are electrically separated from each other. Switching of the switch is now carried out by adjusting the pickup from the first switching position to the second switching position.
  • the second terminal 21 of the switch is connected to a termination 24 in connection.
  • the termination may be integrated in the switch or as an additional box built separately from the switch. As a result of the termination, if a base station is signaled to and powered on a deactivated port, it can determine via a VSWR alarm that a disabled port is connected and powered. This allows the base station to detect whether the ports connected to the base station are deactivated or activated.
  • the switch is housed in a closed housing.
  • the housing is preferably made of metal or has a metallized layer.
  • the switching of the switch 13 takes place in both embodiments via a drive mechanism 17, which connects the switch with an electromechanical actuator 15.
  • the electromechanical actuator 15 is driven by the antenna control to move the switch from the first to the second switching position or back, thereby enabling or disabling the port.
  • a push rod 17 can be used, which moves via a driver 18 an eccentric 19, which in turn is connected to the pickup 20.
  • a gear can be used to adjust the pickup 20.
  • the phase shifter 14 also has a pickup arm 25 which is connected electrically, in particular capacitively, to a first connection in the region of its axis of rotation. This connection is connected via the signal line 23 to the third terminal 22 of the switch in connection.
  • the phase shifter further has conductor track sections 26 which capacitively couple to a conductor track section of the pickup arm 25.
  • the radiators 2 of a phased array arrangement are connected via signal lines 27 to the two ends of such a track section 26. Depending on the position of the pickup arm, the signal path is reduced to one port and increased to the other, or vice versa. This makes it possible to change the phase shift between the individual radiators of the array emitter array.
  • the phase shifter preferably has two or more conductor track sections 26, which are each separately connected to radiators.
  • the conductor track sections preferably have a different one Distance to the axis of rotation of the pickup arm 25.
  • the conductor track sections extend arcuately about the axis of rotation.
  • the phase shifter is preferably moved via an electromechanical actuator 15.
  • a separate electromechanical actuator 15 for adjusting the switch 13 and the phase shifter 14 may be used in each case.
  • the same electromechanical actuator 15 is used both for adjusting the switch, as well as for adjusting the phase shifter.
  • Fig. 2 and 3 two embodiments are shown how such an adjustment of the switch and phase shifter can be done via only one electromechanical actuator.
  • the switch 13 and the phase shifter 14 which are associated with the same array emitter array 31, via a common drive mechanism 17 with the drive 15 in connection.
  • a common push rod can be provided which is coupled in each case via separate pickups 18 with eccentrics 19 of the phase shifter 14 and the switch 13.
  • both the switch 13 can be switched, and the phase shifter 14 can be adjusted.
  • the switch in a first adjustment range, can be switched, and in a second adjustment range, the phase shift of the phased array arrangement 31 can be set.
  • the phase shifter is adjusted over both the first and the second adjustment range.
  • this is a rest position in which the switch 13 is open stands and the port is deactivated. If the switch is now moved via the common drive mechanism 17 from the open position to the closed position, the phase shifter is simultaneously moved to the position P2.
  • Position P2 is thus the starting position of the usable range of the phase shifter, ie the minimum and the maximum tilt value.
  • Position P3 is the end position of the usable phase shifter area and thus represents the end tilt value, i. H. the maximum tilt value or the minimum tilt value.
  • phase shifter While the phase shifter is in its usable range, i. is adjusted between the position P2 and the position P3, the switch 13 remains in its second, closed switching position.
  • the connection between the common mechanism and the pickup 20 for this adjustment on a freewheel For this purpose, the connection between the common mechanism and the pickup 20 for this adjustment on a freewheel.
  • the phase shifter can be equipped with a freewheel.
  • the freewheel may be configured so that the pickup arm 25 of the phase shifter 14 is not moved while the switch is moved from its first, open shift position to its second, closed shift position. In this way, the entire adjustment range of the phase shifter from the position P1 to the position P3 can be used to adjust the phase shift between the radiators.
  • the common drive mechanism 17 can be in a possible embodiment with the electromechanical actuator 15 via a switching device 27 in conjunction.
  • the switching device may have a drive shaft, with which it is in communication with the electromechanical actuator 15, as well as a plurality of output shafts, which may optionally be brought into operative connection with the drive shaft.
  • the other output shafts The switching device 27 can be used for adjusting further switches and / or phase shifters of the antenna, so that the switches and / or phase shifter of several array antenna arrays of the antenna can be adjusted via only one electromechanical actuator 15.
  • the switching arrangement 27 is also controlled by the antenna controller 5.
  • the switching arrangement can be configured as described in US Pat DE 10 2011 009 600 B3 is known.
  • Fig. 3 a further embodiment is shown, which differs from the in Fig. 2 2, only two separate drive mechanisms 17 'and 17 "are used for switching the switch on the one hand and for adjusting the phase shifter, which are alternatively connectable to the electromechanical actuator 15.
  • Push-rods, which are coupled via the drivers 18 with eccentrics 19 of the switch or the phase shifter, and / or transmission or lever arrangements can be used, for example, as drive mechanisms.
  • the two ports assigned to the orthogonal polarizations of a radiator or a group radiator arrangement are preferably connected together.
  • the switches for the two polarizations can be mechanically coupled to each other, and switched via the same drive mechanism.
  • the phase shifters be coupled to each other for the two polarizations and be controlled via the same drive mechanism.
  • the two switches for the two ports of a phased array arrangement can be arranged stacked, wherein the axes of rotation of the two switches are aligned with each other and the customers are mechanically coupled together.
  • the phase shifters can be arranged stacked, wherein the axes of rotation are aligned with each other and are preferably mechanically coupled together.
  • the antenna according to the invention can have one or more phased array arrangements which can not be deactivated and are directly connected to the ports without the interposition of a switch.
  • this may be the basic version of the antenna, which is commonly used by any user.
  • One or more further phased array arrangements can be deactivated and / or unlocked.
  • all ports of the antenna can be deactivated and / or unlocked.
  • the configuration function of the antenna controller 5 also allows disabling or enabling the communication interfaces 6 assigned to the ports 3.
  • the communication interfaces are installed and active by default for this purpose.
  • the antenna controller 5 ignores or blocks the communication signals of non-enabled communication interfaces. In particular, so that no communication between the antenna controller 5 and not enabled communication interfaces is possible, and thus in particular no method of the phase shifter and no other data services.
  • the communication interfaces can then be correspondingly enabled, so that now a communication is possible with the antenna controller 5 via the respective communication interface.
  • the ports and the communication interfaces can be independently activated via the configuration function.
  • a communication interface assigned to an enabled port can remain deactivated, or must be enabled separately.
  • the antenna controller may comprise a matrix, which determines which communication interfaces can be used to access which phased array devices 31.
  • it can be determined via the matrix that a plurality of array lamp arrangements can be accessed via a communication interface, ie in particular that the angle of inclination of a plurality of array arrangements can be adjusted via a common communication interface and / or that the corresponding antenna data for a plurality of array arrangements can be read out via a common communication interface
  • it can be determined via the matrix that only a first subset of radiators or array antenna arrays of the antenna can be accessed via a first communication interface, via a second communication interface exclusively to a second subset of radiators or array radiator arrangements. This allows the antenna, as in Fig.
  • the respective service providers can use the matrix to control the respective emitter or array emitter arrangements assigned to their respective base station, as if the antenna had no further emitters and / or array emitter arrangements. The one base station therefore does not see the other base station.
  • the setting via which communication interface which emitters and / or antennas can be accessed is effected by a corresponding configuration of the matrix via the configuration function.
  • the communication interfaces preferably have a ping function, which makes it possible to measure the propagation time of the communication signals and / or of the mobile radio transmission signals. Therefore, it may be advantageous to have an activated communication interface for all ports. If an operator therefore requires further communication interfaces, these can be activated separately via the configuration function.
  • the senor 16 or one of the sensors of the sensor arrangement 16 can also be released and / or deactivated according to the invention. If an operator therefore requires additional sensor information, this can be enabled via the configuration function.
  • the sensor may be, for example, an inclination and / or position sensor. Alternatively or additionally, a temperature and / or humidity sensor may be provided. For example, only the position sensor can be unlocked. If further data is required, the remaining sensors and / or data sets can also be released. As a result, additional services of the sensor can be enabled via the configuration function and also deactivated again.
  • the activation and / or deactivation of functional elements can be effected via a software update of the antenna control software respectively.
  • the configuration function can be implemented in a possible embodiment via a configuration file which is stored on a memory of the antenna controller 5 and is read out by the antenna controller. Corresponding changes to the configuration can thus be made by changing or exchanging the configuration file.
  • the configuration file preferably contains all the necessary information for the configuration of the antenna, d. H. in particular to the activated and / or deactivated ports, communication interfaces and / or sensors. Furthermore, the configuration file may also contain the configuration of the matrix, i. H. the assignment of the communication interfaces to the radiators and / or phased array arrangements.
  • the activation and / or deactivation of functional elements can be implemented in addition to the update of the configuration file in other ways by software. It is crucial that the configuration function can be accessed via the external control.
  • an authentication function is implemented on the antenna controller, which ensures that access to the configuration function is only possible by authorized users.
  • a software signature can be provided for this, which must have a configuration file in order to be able to be loaded onto the antenna controller and / or to be taken into account by it.
  • the antenna control has in particular a microprocessor and a memory on which a software program and / or the configuration file are stored.
  • the software program is preferably designed so that it configures the antenna together with the configuration file and thus provides the configuration function according to the invention.
  • the embodiment of the invention considerably less equipment lines for the hardware of the antenna are required, and thus reduces the cost of manufacturing by reducing the variety of variants. Furthermore, the users can be provided flexibly and without replacement of the antenna further functional elements, as soon as they are needed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP16203119.9A 2016-02-18 2016-12-09 Antenne Active EP3208886B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102016001912.3A DE102016001912A1 (de) 2016-02-18 2016-02-18 Antenne

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CN113490858A (zh) * 2019-01-31 2021-10-08 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 具有磁性天线的通信系统的参与者

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CA3091685A1 (fr) * 2018-03-13 2019-09-19 John Mezzalingua Associates, Llc D/B/A Jma Wireless Dephaseur d'antenne a blocage c.c. integre
CN112042050A (zh) * 2018-05-01 2020-12-04 康普技术有限责任公司 具有用于控制多个移相器的紧凑远程电子倾斜致动器的基站天线
US11316258B2 (en) 2020-03-10 2022-04-26 Commscope Technologies Llc Massive MIMO (mMIMO) antenna with phase shifter and radio signal phase synchronization
US20230076708A1 (en) * 2020-03-13 2023-03-09 Commscope Technologies Llc Methods of identifying electrical connections between a radio frequency circuit and a radio, and related radio frequency circuits
CN112670716A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-16 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 一种天线和组合式天线系统

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EP3208886B1 (fr) 2021-05-05
CN107093797A (zh) 2017-08-25
CN107093797B (zh) 2020-12-22
US10714814B2 (en) 2020-07-14
US20170244157A1 (en) 2017-08-24

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