EP2332215B1 - Dispositif d'antenne pour ondes électromagnétiques à hautes fréquences - Google Patents

Dispositif d'antenne pour ondes électromagnétiques à hautes fréquences Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2332215B1
EP2332215B1 EP09740255.6A EP09740255A EP2332215B1 EP 2332215 B1 EP2332215 B1 EP 2332215B1 EP 09740255 A EP09740255 A EP 09740255A EP 2332215 B1 EP2332215 B1 EP 2332215B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
antenna
antenna arrangement
phase shifting
electromagnetic waves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09740255.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2332215A1 (fr
Inventor
Volker Ziegler
Bernhardt SCHÖNLINNER
Ulrich Prechtel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MBDA Deutschland GmbH
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MBDA Deutschland GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna device for high-frequency electromagnetic waves having a plurality of individual antenna devices.
  • Electrically phase-shifted antenna arrays offer these advantages, but at the moment they can only be produced as very complex and expensive structures. Furthermore, they are not suitable for higher frequencies due to geometric size limitations.
  • the document WO 00/45464 describes a planar antenna device for high-frequency electromagnetic waves, wherein the antenna is designed as a transmission type with a plurality of planar layers.
  • the antenna has a radiating layer and a distribution network running in the respective layer.
  • the feeding of the planar antenna success via external antennas, such as horns, which contradicts a planar construction of the planar antenna.
  • the invention is based on the object to further reduce the space requirement of an antenna device of the type mentioned with simple production and handling.
  • the antenna device as a transmission type wherein the antenna device comprises at least one launch layer, a first phase shift layer with phase shifters, a radiation layer, and a distribution network.
  • the layers are aperture coupled.
  • the resulting antenna device is inexpensive to manufacture and provides a very flat antenna architecture. Furthermore, it is possible to realize an electric beam control with this antenna device.
  • phase shifters may be formed by RF MEMS elements.
  • Such elements are available as microswitches with short switching times and low losses. They allow a fast control of the shaping of the electromagnetic waves.
  • At least a portion of the phase shifter may be formed by integrated circuits. These also have short switching times and low losses.
  • the distribution network can run along the layers. This simplifies the manufacture of the antenna device, since the electrical lines of the distribution network only have to be embedded between the layers of the antenna device.
  • phase shifters can be arranged in a grid, wherein the respective phase shifters of one row or one column of the grid are connected by means of the common control distribution network. This makes it easy to keep the distribution network simple and thus ensure cost-effective production.
  • a second phase shift layer is provided, wherein the phase shifters of the first phase shift layer to the line-wise and the phase shifter means of the second Phase shift layer are designed for column-wise control.
  • the distribution network extends transversely to the layers. This allows greater freedom in the design of the distribution network.
  • phase shifting devices are designed to be individually controllable. This allows a very individual beam shaping, for example a beam splitting (split beam).
  • a spacer layer is arranged on at least one side of the phase shift layer.
  • This spacer layer has the effect that, in particular when using RF-MEMS elements, there is sufficient space for the movement of these elements. Furthermore, the spacers ensure a sufficient spacing between the layers with each other for aperture coupling.
  • the antenna device can be designed for the quasi-optical feeding of the electromagnetic waves or for the integrated feeding of the electromagnetic waves.
  • phase shift devices on switching units which allow switching between different polarizations of the electromagnetic waves.
  • Use of the antenna device can thus also take place in areas in which electromagnetic waves of different polarization are needed.
  • the antenna elements provided in the radiation layer can be advantageously designed for use with different polarizations.
  • FIGS Fig. 1 to 3 A first embodiment of an antenna device 10 as shown in FIGS Fig. 1 to 3 1, an input layer 20, a first phase shift layer 30, a coupling layer 40, a second phase shift layer 50, and a radiating layer 60 are provided.
  • the introduction layer 20 is made of an RF material, for example, LTCC.
  • Antenna patches 22 made of metal are applied to this RF material. How out FIG. 3 As can be seen, the antenna patches 22 are arranged on the underside of the introduction layer 20. By means of apertures 24, the antenna patches are coupled to the first phase shift layer 30.
  • the first phase shift layer 30 is also made of an RF or semiconductor material and has phase shifters 32 on its upper surface.
  • the phase shifters 32 are formed of RF MEMS elements.
  • Spacer 34 (see Fig. 3 ) are provided to form a gap 38 between the coupling layer 40 of the phase shifters 32. This gap 38 is provided for sufficient freedom of movement of the RF-MEMS elements.
  • the coupling layer 40 has two spacer layers 42a, 42b. Coupling elements 44 are provided between these layers, which couple the first phase shift layer 30 to the second phase shift layer 50 by means of apertures 46.
  • the second phase shift layer 50 is spaced from the coupling layer 40 by means of spacers 52 and has phase shifters 56 in the resulting gap 54.
  • the radiation layer 60 is constructed analogously to the introduction layer 20 and has antenna patches 62 and apertures 64.
  • the introduction layer 20 is irradiated with radar waves.
  • the antenna patches 22 receive the radar radiation and transmit it through the aperture 24 to the phase shifters 32.
  • the phases of the radar waves distributed through different apertures 24 to different phase shifters 32 are shifted.
  • the radar waves are directed to the phase shifters 56 of the second phase shift layer 50. Again, the radar waves, which are passed through the individual apertures 46, delayed depending on the control of the phase shifters 56.
  • Apertures 64 decouple the radar waves onto the emission layer 60 with the antenna patches 62.
  • FIG. 2 shows how a signal passes through the antenna device 10 when radar waves are received.
  • the incident radar waves are first directed with the antenna patches 62 through apertures 64 to the phase shifter 56 of the second phase shift layer 50.
  • the radar waves After passing the phase shifter 56, the radar waves are directed through the aperture 46 to the phase shifter 32 and phase shifted therefrom in accordance with the drive.
  • the radar waves are coupled through the aperture 24 in the antenna patch 22, from where they are forwarded to a receiving circuit, which is not shown here.
  • antenna patches 22 are provided in the introduction layer 20 and are fed by means of an RF connector 70 directly through a distribution network as antennas.
  • the radiation of the radio waves thus takes place for each of the paths through the phase shifters 32, 56 and the apertures 24, 46, 64 by means of a separate radar antenna.
  • This also applies to the reception of radar waves, in which the radar waves are received directly by the antenna patches 22.
  • the structure of the second embodiment corresponds to the structure of the first embodiment.
  • distribution networks 36, 58 arranged on the phase shift layers 30, 50 are shown.
  • the distribution network 36 in this representation supplies the phase shift devices 32 in columns with drive information.
  • the radar beam leaving the antenna device 10 can be deflected by interference in a certain direction.
  • the second phase shift layer 50 is provided whose distribution network 58 drives the phase shifter 56 line by line.
  • the wave run when receiving radar waves is in FIG. 5 and a cross section through an antenna device 10 according to the second embodiment in FIG FIG. 6 shown.
  • openings for receiving the distribution network 26, 36 are provided in the introduction layer 20 and the first phase shift layer 30.
  • FIG. 9 As shown in the diagram of the distribution network 36, it is possible to control the phase shift devices 32 individually by means of control connections 72. As a result, only a single phase shift layer 30 is required; the second phase shift layer 50 can be saved.
  • FIG. 10 shows a construction variant of the three embodiments.
  • the two illustrated layers represent the second phase shift layer 50 and the radiation layer 60.
  • the phase shift devices 56 additionally have a switch with which the polarization of the phase-shifted radar waves can be changed over.
  • the antenna patches 62 are configured to radiate radar waves in two different polarizations.
  • different RF-compatible materials can be used. In particular LTCC and Teflon-based materials such as Duoid 5880 should be mentioned in this context.
  • the layers 30 and 50 may also be made of high-resistance silicon.
  • the antenna device 10 is operated at frequencies between about 10 GHz and 100 GHz.
  • the structure sizes of the antenna patches 22, 62 and the phase shifter means 32, 56 and also the apertures 24, 46, 64 are in the range of half a wavelength ⁇ of the electromagnetic waves used. At a frequency of 30 GHz, the structure sizes thus move in the range of 5 mm.
  • the presented approach combines a low cost and very flat antenna architecture to realize an electrical beam steering.
  • various innovative approaches such as aperture coupling of antenna elements and distribution network 36, 58 using advanced phase shifters 32, 56 (RF-MEMS or semiconductor circuits) and a design of the antenna for operation in a transmission configuration rather than a reflective configuration, an ultra-flat beam steering antenna structure can be realized become.
  • an ultra-flat electronically steerable antenna system By using an ultra-flat electronically steerable antenna system, a multitude of new applications in the aeronautical field are permitted, as this is the first antenna that due to its flat geometry can be easily integrated into the outer shell of an aircraft.
  • This antenna enables applications such as helicopter brownout radar, inter-vehicle communication for manned and unmanned aerial vehicles, and wake detection on board civil aircraft.
  • Other applications include sniper detection radars and ground platform protection (e.g., convoy protection).
  • ultra-flat antenna structures for example, with a thickness in the range between about 0.1 mm to about 10 mm, in particular 1 to 7 mm, accessible.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif d'antenne (10) planaire pour ondes électromagnétiques à haute fréquence, comportant une pluralité de dispositifs d'antennes individuelles, dans lequel le dispositif d'antenne (10), en tant que type de transmission, est réalisé à partir de plusieurs couches planaires (20, 30, 40, 60), dans lequel le dispositif d'antenne (10) présente au moins une couche d'introduction (20), une première couche de déphasage (30) comportant des moyens déphaseurs (32), une couche rayonnante (60) et un réseau de distribution (36, 58) pour le pilotage des moyens déphaseurs (32), dans lequel les moyens déphaseurs (32, 56) sont conformés en étant pilotdables individuellement, et dans lequel au moins une partie des moyens déphaseurs (32, 56) est formée par des éléments RF MEMS, caractérisé en ce que le réseau de distribution (36, 58), dans la couche d'initialisation (20) et dans la première couche de déphasage (30), s'étend transversalement aux couches (20, 30) par l'intermédiaire d'ouvertures destinées à loger le réseau de distribution (26, 36).
  2. Dispositif d'antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens déphaseurs (32, 56) présentent des unités de commutation qui permettent une commutation entre différentes polarisations des ondes électromagnétiques.
  3. Dispositif d'antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que des éléments d'antenne ménagés dans la couche rayonnante (60) sont réalisés pour l'utilisation avec différentes polarisations.
  4. Dispositif d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des moyens déphaseurs (32, 56) est formée par des circuits intégrés.
  5. Dispositif d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche d'espacement (42a, 42b, 48) est disposée sur au moins une face des couches de déphasage (30, 50).
  6. Dispositif d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'antenne (10) est réalisé pour l'injection quasi optique des ondes électromagnétiques ou pour l'injection intégrée des ondes électromagnétiques.
  7. Dispositif d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les couches (20, 30, 40, 60) sont à ouvertures couplées.
EP09740255.6A 2008-09-12 2009-09-03 Dispositif d'antenne pour ondes électromagnétiques à hautes fréquences Not-in-force EP2332215B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200810046975 DE102008046975B4 (de) 2008-09-12 2008-09-12 Antennenvorrichtung für hochfrequente elektromagnetische Wellen
PCT/DE2009/001238 WO2010028625A1 (fr) 2008-09-12 2009-09-03 Dispositif d'antenne pour ondes électromagnétiques à hautes fréquences

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2332215A1 EP2332215A1 (fr) 2011-06-15
EP2332215B1 true EP2332215B1 (fr) 2017-07-05

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EP09740255.6A Not-in-force EP2332215B1 (fr) 2008-09-12 2009-09-03 Dispositif d'antenne pour ondes électromagnétiques à hautes fréquences

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EP (1) EP2332215B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008046975B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010028625A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104201479B (zh) * 2014-08-29 2016-08-24 南京中网卫星通信股份有限公司 一种Ku波段低剖面平板天线
CN113964492A (zh) * 2021-09-24 2022-01-21 苏州博海创业微系统有限公司 基于mems与ltcc工艺的低频机械天线阵列

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60126899T2 (de) * 2000-12-13 2007-10-31 Sagem Communication Mikrostreifenleitergruppenantenne

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2405520A1 (de) * 1974-02-06 1975-08-14 Siemens Ag Phasengesteuerte antennenanordnung
JPH1174717A (ja) 1997-06-23 1999-03-16 Nec Corp フェーズドアレーアンテナ装置
JP2000223926A (ja) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-11 Nec Corp フェーズドアレーアンテナ装置
US20020167449A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-11-14 Richard Frazita Low profile phased array antenna

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60126899T2 (de) * 2000-12-13 2007-10-31 Sagem Communication Mikrostreifenleitergruppenantenne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008046975B4 (de) 2014-07-24
WO2010028625A1 (fr) 2010-03-18
EP2332215A1 (fr) 2011-06-15
DE102008046975A1 (de) 2010-03-25

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