EP3159422A1 - Alloy for pressure die casting - Google Patents

Alloy for pressure die casting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3159422A1
EP3159422A1 EP16165977.6A EP16165977A EP3159422A1 EP 3159422 A1 EP3159422 A1 EP 3159422A1 EP 16165977 A EP16165977 A EP 16165977A EP 3159422 A1 EP3159422 A1 EP 3159422A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
alloy
alloy according
die casting
casting alloy
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Granted
Application number
EP16165977.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3159422B1 (en
Inventor
Stuart Wiesner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH and Co KG
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Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to EP16165977.6A priority Critical patent/EP3159422B1/en
Application filed by Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Rheinfelden Alloys GmbH and Co KG
Priority to ES16165977.6T priority patent/ES2684614T3/en
Priority to MX2018012787A priority patent/MX2018012787A/en
Priority to CN201680084624.3A priority patent/CN109072356B/en
Priority to CA3021123A priority patent/CA3021123C/en
Priority to PCT/EP2016/059722 priority patent/WO2017182101A1/en
Priority to KR1020187030923A priority patent/KR101971846B1/en
Priority to US16/094,309 priority patent/US10669615B2/en
Publication of EP3159422A1 publication Critical patent/EP3159422A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3159422B1 publication Critical patent/EP3159422B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a die casting alloy based on aluminum, magnesium and silicon, in particular for use in light vehicle structural parts.
  • the disclosed alloy is an aluminum, magnesium, silicon alloy, which is comparable to the reference alloy mentioned in the exemplary embodiments. This alloy has been produced by the Applicant for many years and used in the automotive industry.
  • the Mg 2 Al 3 eutectic is about 35% Mg.
  • the alloy according to the invention as well as in the case of the alloy according to FIG EP 0853133B1
  • there is a Mg 2 Si eutectic which makes up about 50% of the cast structure. This is fundamentally different from binary AlMg alloys.
  • Another alloy composition attributable to the prior art of the alloy according to the invention is hydroaluminum. It is an alloy based on aluminum and magnesium, which i.a. used for cylinder heads.
  • the alloy according to the invention takes account of the ever increasing demands for lightweight construction in the automotive industry.
  • the use of a material with higher strength allows the designer to realize thinner-walled and thus lighter structures. In this way, a further step towards low fuel consumption in the automobile can be realized.
  • the alloy according to the invention is fundamentally versatile, but is intended for use in structural components in the automotive industry. Crash-relevant structural components can be manufactured with it, whereby rather a Cu and Zn-free variant is selected entirely without or with a T5 heat treatment.
  • Another area of application includes battery-carrying structures in the e-mobile sector. This application is looking for high-strength materials to save weight. The riveting ability of the material is less important in this application because the components are removable and therefore bolted. Also of subordinate relevance, in comparison to crash-relevant components, is the deformability of the material. In this field of application, therefore, an alloy variant with copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn) is used, which can be used already in the cast state or in the heat-treated state.
  • Cu copper
  • Zn zinc
  • the mentioned objects are achieved by a diecasting alloy based on aluminum-magnesium-silicon, consisting of: Magnesium (Mg) 5.0-7.0% by weight Silicon (Si) 1.5-4.0% by weight Iron (Fe) 0.03-0.5% by weight Manganese (Mn) 0.3-0.8% by weight Zircon (Zr) 0.01-0.4% by weight Molybdenum (Mo) 0.01-0.4% by weight Vanadium (V) 0.01-0.03% by weight Beryllium (Be) 0.001-0.005% by weight Titanium (Ti) 0 - 0.1% by weight Strontium (Sr) 0 - 0.1% by weight Phosphorus (P) 0-250 ppm Copper (Cu) to 0 - 4% by weight Zinc (Zn) to 0-10% by weight
  • the alloy according to the invention contains 0.05 to 0.20% by weight of molybdenum.
  • the alloy according to the invention contains 0.05 to 0.20% by weight of zirconium.
  • the alloy according to the invention contains 2.0 to 3.0% by weight of silicon.
  • the alloy according to the invention contains 5.5 to 6.5% by weight of magnesium.
  • the alloy according to the invention contains 0-0.08% by weight of titanium.
  • the alloy according to the invention contains 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of iron.
  • the alloy according to the invention contains 0-0.2% by weight of copper.
  • the alloy according to the invention contains 0-0.5% by weight of zinc.
  • the alloy according to the invention contains 0-0.01% by weight of strontium.
  • structural components are pressure-cast from the alloy according to the invention.
  • Mg and Si were varied to find a suitable MgSi ratio for the increased requirements.
  • An increase of Mg causes an increase in strength, whereby from 6.5% with a noticeable reduction of the elongation at break must be expected.
  • the additional increase of Si leads to an increase of the eutectic portion of the alloy, which does not show any technical advantages. From a Mg: Si ratio of 2: 1, there is a significant loss in the elongation at break.
  • Titanium and zirconium are known as grain refiners. Overall, the interaction of said elements represents an important basis for the alloy according to the invention.
  • the strength-increasing effect compared to the comparison alloy EP 0 853 133 B1 is achieved in particular by refractory phases, which are formed by the elements Mo and Zr in connection with V and Ti.
  • refractory phases which are formed by the elements Mo and Zr in connection with V and Ti.
  • these phases precipitate out of the melt, either during the production of the alloy or during the casting process.
  • they are the first to solidify during casting, in order to achieve a fine microstructure and consequently good material properties. It is preferable to keep the titanium content between 0-0.08% by weight.
  • the alloy according to the invention has been developed ostensibly for die-casting and for the typical solidification conditions prevailing there.
  • the size and extent of high-melting phases is always dependent on the solidification conditions.
  • the solidification usually begins in the casting chamber, continues during the mold filling and often ends in thick-walled areas only after the component removal.
  • One embodiment of the alloy according to the invention provides for the addition of secondary aluminum in the form of recycled material.
  • the proportion of secondary aluminum should be 50% of the aluminum base alloy required for the production of the alloy.
  • Recylingmaterial are for example to understand: wheels, extruded profiles, sheets and chips made of aluminum alloys.
  • the alloy composition according to the invention it is possible to meet the requirements for crash-relevant structural components up to an iron content of 0.20% by weight; above 0.20% by weight iron permits use in the area of structural components relevant to strength.
  • the slightly increased iron content is taken into account by reducing the manganese content.
  • the risk of sludge formation in the holding furnace of the casting machine can be counteracted in this way.
  • the sticking tendency of the alloy in the casting mold nevertheless decreases, since iron as well as manganese act positively and the reduction of Mn is overcompensated by the Fe content.
  • the MnFe ratio avoids the formation of so-called beta phases, ie plate-shaped AlMnFeSi precipitates, which decisively reduce the ductility of the material.
  • Such excretions are known under the microscope as so-called iron needles.
  • a salt spray change test (ISO 9227) and an intercrystalline corrosion test (ASTM G110-92) were used to verify the corrosion tendency.
  • the composition The alloy according to the invention is chosen so that in the case of Cu and Znarmen variant a very good corrosion resistance can be determined.
  • the alloy according to the invention was rivet free of cracks despite its high strength.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Druckgusslegierung auf der Basis von Aluminium, Magnesium und Silizium bestehend aus: 5,0 bis 7,0 Gew.-% Magnesium; 1,5 bis 7,0 Gew.-% Silizium; 0,3 bis 0,8 Gew.-% Mangan; 0,03 - 0,5 Gew.-% Eisen; 0,01 bis 0,4 Gew.-% Molybdän; 0,01 bis 0.3 Gew-.% Zirkon; 0-0,25 Gew.-% Titan; 0-0,25 Gew.% Strontium; 0-250 ppm Phosphor; 0-4 Gew.-% Kupfer und 10 % Zink; der Rest Alumini-um und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen.The present invention relates to a die casting alloy based on aluminum, magnesium and silicon consisting of: 5.0 to 7.0 wt .-% magnesium; 1.5 to 7.0% by weight of silicon; 0.3 to 0.8% by weight of manganese; 0.03-0.5% by weight of iron; From 0.01% to 0.4% by weight of molybdenum; 0.01 to 0.3% by weight of zirconium; 0-0.25% by weight of titanium; 0-0.25% by weight strontium; 0-250 ppm phosphorus; 0-4 wt% copper and 10% zinc; the rest aluminum and unavoidable impurities.

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Druckgusslegierung auf der Basis von Aluminium, Magnesium und Silizium, insbesondere für den Einsatz in leichten Fahrzeug-Strukturteilen.The invention relates to a die casting alloy based on aluminum, magnesium and silicon, in particular for use in light vehicle structural parts.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Stellvertretend für aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Druckgrusslegierungen auf der Basis von Aluminium, Magnesium und Silizium sind zwei von der Anmelderin entwickelte Legierungen zu nennen, jene offenbart in EP 0853133 B1 und jene in DE 10352932 B4 .Representative of prior art pressure-casting alloys based on aluminum, magnesium and silicon are two alloys developed by the applicant, those disclosed in US Pat EP 0853133 B1 and those in DE 10352932 B4 ,

In der DE 10352932 B4 wird eine bis zu 400°C thermisch stabile Aluminiumlegierung beschrieben, welche neben dem Einsatz von bekannten Legierungselementen, die Zugabe von Scandium vorsieht. Eine Reihe von weiteren Elementen wie beispielsweise Titan und Zirkon wurde getestet, um in Verbindung mit Scandium die Warmfestigkeit der Legierung weiter zu steigern.In the DE 10352932 B4 is described up to 400 ° C thermally stable aluminum alloy, which in addition to the use of known alloying elements, the addition of scandium provides. A number of other elements, such as titanium and zirconium, have been tested to further increase the alloy's thermal stability in conjunction with scandium.

Bei der in der EP 0853133 B1 offenbarten Legierung handelt es sich um eine Aluminium, Magnesium, Silizium Legierung, welche mit der in den Ausführungsbeispielen genannten Referenzlegierung vergleichbar ist. Diese Legierung wird seit vielen Jahren von der Anmelderin produziert und in der Automobilindustrie eingesetzt.When in the EP 0853133 B1 The disclosed alloy is an aluminum, magnesium, silicon alloy, which is comparable to the reference alloy mentioned in the exemplary embodiments. This alloy has been produced by the Applicant for many years and used in the automotive industry.

Bei binären AlMg-Legierungen liegt das Mg2Al3-Eutektikum bei ca. 35 % Mg. Im Falle der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung wie auch bei der Legierung gemäss EP 0853133B1 liegt hingegen ein Mg2Si-Eutektikum vor, welches ca. 50 % des Gussgefüges ausmacht. Damit unterscheidet sie sich grundsätzlich von binären AlMg-Legierungen.In the case of binary AlMg alloys, the Mg 2 Al 3 eutectic is about 35% Mg. In the case of the alloy according to the invention as well as in the case of the alloy according to FIG EP 0853133B1 On the other hand, there is a Mg 2 Si eutectic, which makes up about 50% of the cast structure. This is fundamentally different from binary AlMg alloys.

Eine weitere Legierungszusammensetzung, welche dem Stand der Technik der erfindungsgemässen Legierung zuzuordnen ist, ist Hydroalium. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Legierung auf der Basis von Aluminium und Magnesium, welche u.a. für Zylinderköpfe zum Einsatz kommt.Another alloy composition attributable to the prior art of the alloy according to the invention is hydroaluminum. It is an alloy based on aluminum and magnesium, which i.a. used for cylinder heads.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Ausgehend von den Erfahrungen der Anmelderin mit der in der EP 0853133 B1 offenbarten Legierung, bestand die Aufgabe darin, die Festigkeitseigenschaften dieser Legierung zu steigern, möglichst ohne Dehnungswerte einzubüssen.Based on the experiences of the applicant with the in the EP 0853133 B1 The object of the disclosed alloy was to increase the strength properties of this alloy, if possible without sacrificing elongation values.

Es ist eine weitere Aufgabe, eine hochfeste Aluminium-Druckgusslegierung mit den vorgängig genannten Eigenschaften zu entwickeln, wobei die Aluminiumbasis der Legierung einen Anteil von mindestens 50% Sekundärmetall (Recylingmaterial) enthalten darf.It is another object to develop a high strength die-cast aluminum alloy having the foregoing characteristics, wherein the aluminum base of the alloy may contain at least 50% secondary metal (recycled material).

Mit der erfindungsgemässen Legierung wird den immer höheren Anforderungen nach Leichtbau in der Automobilindustrie Rechnung getragen. Die Anwendung eines Werkstoffes mit höherer Festigkeit ermöglicht es dem Konstrukteur, dünnwandigere und somit leichtere Strukturen zu realisieren. Auf diese Weise ist ein weiterer Schritt hin zu geringem Kraftstoffverbrauch im Automobil realisierbar.The alloy according to the invention takes account of the ever increasing demands for lightweight construction in the automotive industry. The use of a material with higher strength allows the designer to realize thinner-walled and thus lighter structures. In this way, a further step towards low fuel consumption in the automobile can be realized.

Die erfindungsgemäße Legierung ist grundsätzlich vielseitig einsetzbar, zielt aber auf einen Einsatz bei Strukturbauteilen im Automobilbau. Crashrelevante Strukturbauteile können damit gefertigt werden, wobei dafür eher eine Cu- und Zn-freie Variante gänzlich ohne oder mit einer T5-Wärmebehandlung gewählt wird.The alloy according to the invention is fundamentally versatile, but is intended for use in structural components in the automotive industry. Crash-relevant structural components can be manufactured with it, whereby rather a Cu and Zn-free variant is selected entirely without or with a T5 heat treatment.

Ein weiterer Anwendungsbereich umfasst batterietragende Strukturen im E-Mobilbereich. Bei dieser Anwendung wird nach hochfesten Werkstoffen gesucht, um Gewicht zu sparen. Die Nietfähigkeit des Werkstoffs tritt bei diesen Einsatzgebiet in den Hintergrund, da die Bauteile demontierbar und daher verschraubt werden. Ebenfalls untergeordnet relevant, im Vergleich zu crashrelevanten Bauteilen, ist die Verformbarkeit des Werkstoffs. In diesem Einsatzgebiet kommt daher eine Legierungsvariante mit Kupfer (Cu) oder Zink (Zn) zum Einsatz, die bereits im Gusszustand oder im wärmebehandelten Zustand verwendet werden kann.Another area of application includes battery-carrying structures in the e-mobile sector. This application is looking for high-strength materials to save weight. The riveting ability of the material is less important in this application because the components are removable and therefore bolted. Also of subordinate relevance, in comparison to crash-relevant components, is the deformability of the material. In this field of application, therefore, an alloy variant with copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn) is used, which can be used already in the cast state or in the heat-treated state.

Erfindungsgemäss werden die erwähnten Aufgaben gelöst durch eine Druckgusslegierung auf Basis von Aluminium-Magnesium-Silizium, bestehend aus: Magnesium (Mg) 5,0-7,0 Gew.-% Silizium (Si) 1,5-4,0 Gew.-% Eisen (Fe) 0,03-0,5 Gew.-% Mangan (Mn) 0,3-0,8 Gew.-% Zirkon (Zr) 0,01-0,4 Gew.-% Molybdän (Mo) 0,01-0,4 Gew.-% Vanadium (V) 0,01-0,03 Gew.-% Beryllium (Be) 0,001-0,005 Gew.-% Titan (Ti) 0 - 0,1 Gew.-% Strontium (Sr) 0 - 0,1 Gew.-% Phosphor (P) 0-250 ppm Kupfer (Cu) bis 0 - 4 Gew.-% Zink (Zn) bis 0- 10 Gew.-% According to the invention, the mentioned objects are achieved by a diecasting alloy based on aluminum-magnesium-silicon, consisting of: Magnesium (Mg) 5.0-7.0% by weight Silicon (Si) 1.5-4.0% by weight Iron (Fe) 0.03-0.5% by weight Manganese (Mn) 0.3-0.8% by weight Zircon (Zr) 0.01-0.4% by weight Molybdenum (Mo) 0.01-0.4% by weight Vanadium (V) 0.01-0.03% by weight Beryllium (Be) 0.001-0.005% by weight Titanium (Ti) 0 - 0.1% by weight Strontium (Sr) 0 - 0.1% by weight Phosphorus (P) 0-250 ppm Copper (Cu) to 0 - 4% by weight Zinc (Zn) to 0-10% by weight

Bevorzugte Ausführungsarten der erfindungsgemässen Legierung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Preferred embodiments of the alloy according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

In einer Ausführungsform enthält die erfindungsgemässe Legierung 0,05 bis 0,20 Gew.-% Molybdän.In one embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains 0.05 to 0.20% by weight of molybdenum.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform enthält die erfindungsgemässe Legierung 0,05 bis 0,20 Gew.-% Zirkon.In a further embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains 0.05 to 0.20% by weight of zirconium.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform enthält die erfindungsgemässe Legierung 2,0 bis 3,0 Gew.-% Silizium.In a further embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains 2.0 to 3.0% by weight of silicon.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform enthält die erfindungsgemässe Legierung 5,5 bis 6,5 Gew.-% Magnesium.In a further embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains 5.5 to 6.5% by weight of magnesium.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform enthält die erfindungsgemässe Legierung 0-0,08 Gew.% Titan.In a further embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains 0-0.08% by weight of titanium.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform enthält die erfindungsgemässe Legierung 0,05 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Eisen.In a further embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of iron.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform enthält die erfindungsgemässe Legierung 0 - 0,2 Gew. % Kupfer.In a further embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains 0-0.2% by weight of copper.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform enthält die erfindungsgemässe Legierung 0- 0,5 Gew.-% Zink.In a further embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains 0-0.5% by weight of zinc.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform enthält die erfindungsgemässe Legierung 0- 0,01 Gew.-% Strontium.In a further embodiment, the alloy according to the invention contains 0-0.01% by weight of strontium.

Bevorzugt werden aus der erfindungsgemässen Legierung Strukturbauteile druckgegossen.Preferably, structural components are pressure-cast from the alloy according to the invention.

Zunächst wurden die Gehalte an Mg und Si variiert, um ein für die erhöhten Anforderungen geeignetes MgSi-Verhältnis zu finden. Eine Erhöhung von Mg bewirkt eine Festigkeitssteigerung, wobei ab 6,5 % mit einer merklichen Reduktion der Bruchdehnung gerechnet werden muss. Die zusätzliche Erhöhung von Si führt zu einer Erhöhung des eutektischen Anteils der Legierung, welcher keine technischen Vorteile erkennen lässt. Ab einem Verhältnis Mg : Si von 2:1 erfolgt ein signifikanter Verlust in der Bruchdehnung.First, the contents of Mg and Si were varied to find a suitable MgSi ratio for the increased requirements. An increase of Mg causes an increase in strength, whereby from 6.5% with a noticeable reduction of the elongation at break must be expected. The additional increase of Si leads to an increase of the eutectic portion of the alloy, which does not show any technical advantages. From a Mg: Si ratio of 2: 1, there is a significant loss in the elongation at break.

Es ist bekannt, dass sich die Löslichkeit von Mg2Si mit steigendem Mg-Gehalt verringert. Zudem treten bei langsamer Erstarrung grobkörnige Mg2Si-Teilchen auf, welche sich negativ auf mechanischen Eigenschaften auswirken. Diese Zusammenhänge konnten in den vorliegenden Untersuchungen bestätigt werden.It is known that the solubility of Mg 2 Si decreases with increasing Mg content. In addition, coarse-grained Mg 2 Si particles, which have a negative effect on mechanical properties, appear on slow solidification. These relationships could be confirmed in the present investigations.

Ferner ist bekannt, dass sich bis zu einem Siliziumgehalt von 2.5 % zwar der eutektische Phasenanteil verändert, nicht aber die Erstarrungstemperatur. Dieser Zusammenhang wird in der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung genutzt.It is also known that up to a silicon content of 2.5%, although the eutectic phase content changes, but not the solidification temperature. This relationship is used in the alloy according to the invention.

Es ist bekannt, dass Mg2Si welches sich an den Korngrenzen ablagert eine Verschlechterung des Korrosionsverhaltens zur Folge hat. Da die erfindungsgemässe Legierung beim Druckgiessen eingesetzt wird, erfolgt ein schnelles Erstarren, was die Korngrenzenseigerung entsprechend stark herab setzt und daher diese nachteilige Wirkung kompensiert wird.It is known that Mg 2 Si deposited at the grain boundaries results in a deterioration of the corrosion behavior. Since the alloy according to the invention is used in pressure casting, rapid solidification takes place, which correspondingly greatly reduces the grain boundary segregation and therefore this disadvantageous effect is compensated.

Ausgehend von einem optimierten MgSi-Verhältnis wurde eine Reihe von zusätzlichen Elementen zugegeben, darunter Cu, Zn, Mo, Zr, V und Ti.Starting from an optimized MgSi ratio, a number of additional elements were added, including Cu, Zn, Mo, Zr, V, and Ti.

Titan und Zirkonium sind bekannt als Kornfeiner. Insgesamt stellt das Zusammenspiel der genannten Elemente eine wichtige Basis für die erfindungsgemäße Legierung dar.Titanium and zirconium are known as grain refiners. Overall, the interaction of said elements represents an important basis for the alloy according to the invention.

Bei einer Zugabe der Elemente Zn und Cu können, insbesondere nach einer Wärmebehandlung, hohe Dehngrenzen von über 400 MPa erreicht werden, allerdings bei recht geringen Dehnwerten von 4-5 %.With addition of the elements Zn and Cu, in particular after a heat treatment, high yield strengths of more than 400 MPa can be achieved, but at quite low elongation values of 4-5%.

Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass die festigkeitssteigernde Wirkung gegenüber der Vergleichslegierung aus EP 0 853 133B1 , insbesondere durch hochschmelzende Phasen erreicht wird, welche durch die Elemente Mo und Zr in Zusammenhang mit V und Ti gebildet werden. Es soll auf der einen Seite vermieden werden, dass sich diese Phasen aus der Schmelze ausscheiden, weder bei der Herstellung der Legierung noch beim Gießprozess. Auf der anderen Seite sollen sie beim Giessen als erste erstarren, um auf diese Weise ein feines Gefüge und daraus folgend gute Werkstoffeigenschaften zu erzielen. Bevorzugt ist den Titangehalt zwischen 0-0,08 Gew.% zu halten.It could be stated that the strength-increasing effect compared to the comparison alloy EP 0 853 133 B1 , is achieved in particular by refractory phases, which are formed by the elements Mo and Zr in connection with V and Ti. On the one hand, it should be avoided that these phases precipitate out of the melt, either during the production of the alloy or during the casting process. On the other hand, they are the first to solidify during casting, in order to achieve a fine microstructure and consequently good material properties. It is preferable to keep the titanium content between 0-0.08% by weight.

Die erfindungsgemässe Legierung ist vordergründig für den Druckguss und für die dort herrschenden typischen Erstarrungsbedingungen entwickelt worden. Größe und Ausprägung hochschmelzender Phasen ist stets abhängig von den Erstarrungsbedingungen. Im Druckguss beginnt die Erstarrung in der Regel bereits in der Giesskammer, setzt sich während der Formfüllung fort und endet in dickwandigen Bereichen oftmals erst nach der Bauteilentnahme.The alloy according to the invention has been developed ostensibly for die-casting and for the typical solidification conditions prevailing there. The size and extent of high-melting phases is always dependent on the solidification conditions. In die casting, the solidification usually begins in the casting chamber, continues during the mold filling and often ends in thick-walled areas only after the component removal.

Zur weiteren Steigerung der Festigkeit der erfindungsgemässen Legierung, ohne grosse Einbussen der Dehnungswerte ist eine T5-Wärmebehandlung vorgesehen.To further increase the strength of the alloy according to the invention, without great losses in the elongation values, a T5 heat treatment is provided.

Wird zusätzlich zur erfindungsgemässen Legierung noch Cu und Zn zugegeben ist eine T6 oder eine T7-Wärmebehandlung vorgesehen. Hierbei konnte, im Vergleich zur Referenzlegierung aus EP 0 853 133B1 eine klare Steigerung der Festigkeit und der Dehngrenze festgestellt werden, jedoch bei einer deutlichen Herabsetzung der Bruchdehnung.If Cu and Zn are added in addition to the alloy according to the invention, a T6 or a T7 heat treatment is provided. This could, in comparison to the reference alloy EP 0 853 133 B1 a clear increase in strength and yield strength are found, but with a significant reduction in the elongation at break.

Eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Legierung sieht die Zugabe von Sekundäraluminium in Form von Recylingmaterial vor. Bevorzugt, soll der Anteil an Sekundäraluminium 50% der für die Herstellung der Legierung benötigten Aluminiumbasislegierung betragen. Unter Recylingmaterial sind beispielsweise zu verstehen: Räder, Stranggussprofile, Bleche und Späne aus Aluminiumlegierungen. Mit der erfindungsgemässen Legierungszusammensetzung ist es möglich, bis zu einem Eisengehalt von 0.20 Gew.-% die Anforderungen für crashrelevante Strukturbauteile zu erfüllen, über 0.20 Gew. % Eisen ermöglicht den Einsatz im Bereich festigkeitsrelevanter Strukturbauteile.One embodiment of the alloy according to the invention provides for the addition of secondary aluminum in the form of recycled material. Preferably, the proportion of secondary aluminum should be 50% of the aluminum base alloy required for the production of the alloy. Under Recylingmaterial are for example to understand: wheels, extruded profiles, sheets and chips made of aluminum alloys. With the alloy composition according to the invention, it is possible to meet the requirements for crash-relevant structural components up to an iron content of 0.20% by weight; above 0.20% by weight iron permits use in the area of structural components relevant to strength.

Dem leicht erhöhten Eisengehalt wird durch eine Senkung des Mangananteils Rechnung getragen. Der Gefahr der Schlammbildung im Warmhalteofen der Giessmaschine kann auf diese Weise entgegengewirkt werden.The slightly increased iron content is taken into account by reducing the manganese content. The risk of sludge formation in the holding furnace of the casting machine can be counteracted in this way.

Die Klebeneigung der Legierung in der Gussform sinkt dennoch, da hierbei Eisen ebenso wie Mangan positiv wirkt und die Reduktion von Mn durch den Fe-Gehalt überkompensiert wird. Zudem wird durch das MnFe-Verhältnis die Entstehung von sogenannten Betaphasen vermieden, also plattenförmigen AlMnFeSi-Ausscheidungen, welche die Duktilität des Werkstoffs entscheidend reduzieren. Solche Ausscheidungen sind unter dem Mikroskop als sogenannten Eisennadeln bekannt.The sticking tendency of the alloy in the casting mold nevertheless decreases, since iron as well as manganese act positively and the reduction of Mn is overcompensated by the Fe content. In addition, the MnFe ratio avoids the formation of so-called beta phases, ie plate-shaped AlMnFeSi precipitates, which decisively reduce the ductility of the material. Such excretions are known under the microscope as so-called iron needles.

Ein Salzsprühnebel-Wechseltest (ISO 9227) und ein interkristalliner Korrosionstest (ASTM G110-92) dienten zur Überprüfung der Korrosionsneigung. Die Zusammensetzung der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung ist so gewählt, dass im Falle der Cu- und Znarmen Variante eine sehr gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit festgestellt werden kann.A salt spray change test (ISO 9227) and an intercrystalline corrosion test (ASTM G110-92) were used to verify the corrosion tendency. The composition The alloy according to the invention is chosen so that in the case of Cu and Znarmen variant a very good corrosion resistance can be determined.

In Stanznietversuchen war die erfindungsgemäße Legierung trotz ihrer hohen Festigkeit rissfrei nietbar.In punch rivet tests, the alloy according to the invention was rivet free of cracks despite its high strength.

VERGLEICHSBEISIPIELVERGLEICHSBEISIPIEL

Im Folgenden sind die Zusammensetzungen einer vergleichbaren Legierung wie in EP 0 853 133B1 offenbart (Legierung 1) und drei Ausführungsbeispiele (Legierungen A, B und C) der erfindungsgemässen Legierung gegenübergestellt. Die Angaben verstehen sich in Gew.-%. Anhand dieser drei Legierungen wurden die mechanischen Kennwerte (Rm, Rp0.2 und A5) an druckgegossenen 3 mm-Platten gemessen. Dargestellt ist jeweils der Mittelwert aus 8 Zugprüfungen. Die Resultate wurden im Gusszustand (Zustand F), im Zustand T5 (kontrolliertes Abkühlen mit anschliessender Warmauslagerung) und im Zustand T6 (Lösungsglühen mit vollständiger Warmauslagerung) ermittelt. Mg Si Mn Fe Cu Zn Legierung 1 5,79 2,34 0,66 0,09 0,001 0,01 Legierung A 6,31 2,50 0,69 0,10 0,002 0,00 Legierung B 6,21 2,61 0,46 0,19 0,02 0,03 Legierung C 5,25 2,19 0,64 0,10 0,20 5,62 Ti V Be Zr Mo P Legierung 1 0,083 0,028 0,0027 0,000 0,000 0,0002 Legierung A 0,006 0,013 0,0028 0,081 0,050 0,0002 Legierung B 0,004 0,015 0,0023 0,100 0,068 0,0002 Legierung C 0,150 0,022 0,0004 0,001 0,001 0,0004 The following are the compositions of a comparable alloy as in EP 0 853 133 B1 disclosed (Alloy 1) and three embodiments (alloys A, B and C) of the inventive alloy faced. The statements are in wt .-%. Based on these three alloys, the mechanical characteristics (R m , Rp 0.2 and A 5 ) were measured on 3 mm die-cast plates. The mean value of 8 train tests is shown in each case. The results were determined in the cast state (state F), in the state T5 (controlled cooling with subsequent thermal aging) and in state T6 (solution annealing with complete thermal aging). mg Si Mn Fe Cu Zn Alloy 1 5.79 2.34 0.66 0.09 0.001 0.01 Alloy A 6.31 2.50 0.69 0.10 0,002 0.00 Alloy B 6.21 2.61 0.46 0.19 0.02 0.03 Alloy C 5.25 2.19 0.64 0.10 0.20 5.62 Ti V Be Zr Not a word P Alloy 1 0.083 0.028 0.0027 0,000 0,000 0.0002 Alloy A 0,006 0,013 0.0028 0.081 0,050 0.0002 Alloy B 0,004 0,015 0.0023 0,100 0,068 0.0002 Alloy C 0,150 0,022 0.0004 0.001 0.001 0.0004

Erzielte ResultateAchieved results

Zustand FCondition F Rm [N/mm2]Rm [N / mm 2 ] Rp0.2 [N/mm2]Rp 0.2 [N / mm 2 ] A5 [%]A 5 [%] Legierung 1Alloy 1 315315 179179 11,511.5 Legierung AAlloy A 355355 213213 10,710.7 Legierung BAlloy B 342342 209209 9,29.2 Legierung CAlloy C 375375 265265 4,94.9 Zustand T5Condition T5 Rm [N/mm2]Rm [N / mm 2 ] Rp0.2 [N/mm2]Rp 0.2 [N / mm 2 ] A5 [%]A 5 [%] Legierung 1Alloy 1 313313 213213 9,09.0 Legierung AAlloy A 370370 236236 10,110.1 Legierung BAlloy B 354354 232232 8,58.5 Legierung CAlloy C 370370 279279 3,43.4 Zustand T6State T6 Rm [N/mm2]Rm [N / mm 2 ] Rp0,2 [N/mm2]Rp 0.2 [N / mm 2 ] A5 [%]A 5 [%] Legierung 1Alloy 1 292292 186186 9,09.0 Legierung CAlloy C 429429 363363 4,44.4

Claims (11)

Druckgusslegierung auf Basis Aluminium-Magnesium-Silizium, bestehend aus: Magnesium 5,0-7,0 Gew.-% Silizium 1,5-4,0 Gew.-% Eisen 0,03-0,5 Gew.-% Mangan 0,3-0,8 Gew.-% Zirkon 0,01-0,4 Gew.-% Molybdän 0,01-0,4 Gew.-% Vanadium 0,01-0,03 Gew.-% Beryllium 0,001-0,005 Gew.-% Titan 0-0,1 5 Gew. % Strontium 0-0,1 Gew.-% Phosphor 0-250 ppm Kupfer 0- 4 Gew.-% Zink 0- 10 Gew.-%
und der Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen.Diecasting alloy based on aluminum-magnesium-silicon, consisting of: magnesium 5.0-7.0% by weight silicon 1.5-4.0% by weight iron 0.03-0.5% by weight manganese 0.3-0.8% by weight zircon 0.01-0.4% by weight molybdenum 0.01-0.4% by weight vanadium 0.01-0.03% by weight beryllium 0.001-0.005% by weight titanium 0-0.1 5% by weight strontium 0-0.1% by weight phosphorus 0-250 ppm copper 0-4% by weight zinc 0-10% by weight
and the rest aluminum and unavoidable impurities. Druckgusslegierung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch 0,05 bis 0,20 Gew.-% Molybdän.Die casting alloy according to claim 1, characterized by 0.05 to 0.20 wt .-% molybdenum. Druckgusslegierung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch 0,05 bis 0,20 Gew.-% Zirkon.Die casting alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by 0.05 to 0.20 wt .-% zirconium. Druckgusslegierung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch 2,0 bis 3,0 Gew.-% Silizium.Die casting alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by 2.0 to 3.0 wt .-% silicon. Druckgusslegierung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch 5,5 bis 6,5 Gew.-% Magnesium.Die casting alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by 5.5 to 6.5 wt .-% magnesium. Druckgusslegierung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch 0-0,08 Gew.% Titan.Die-cast alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by 0-0.08% by weight of titanium. Druckgusslegierung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch 0,05 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Eisen.Die casting alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by 0.05 to 0.2 wt .-% iron. Druckgusslegierung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, durch gekennzeichnet, durch 0- 0,2 Gew. % Kupfer.Die casting alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by, by 0-0.2 wt.% Copper. Druckgusslegierung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch 0- 0,5 Gew.-% Zink.Die casting alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by 0- 0.5 wt .-% zinc. Druckgusslegierung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch 0- 0,01 Gew.-% Strontium.Die casting alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by 0- 0.01 wt .-% strontium. Strukturbauteil hergestellt aus einer Druckgusslegierung gemäss einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche 1 bis 10.Structural component produced from a diecasting alloy according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10.
EP16165977.6A 2016-04-19 2016-04-19 Alloy for pressure die casting Active EP3159422B1 (en)

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ES16165977.6T ES2684614T3 (en) 2016-04-19 2016-04-19 Alloy for pressure molding
EP16165977.6A EP3159422B1 (en) 2016-04-19 2016-04-19 Alloy for pressure die casting
CN201680084624.3A CN109072356B (en) 2016-04-19 2016-05-02 Die casting alloy
CA3021123A CA3021123C (en) 2016-04-19 2016-05-02 Alloy for pressure die-casting
MX2018012787A MX2018012787A (en) 2016-04-19 2016-05-02 Die casting alloy.
PCT/EP2016/059722 WO2017182101A1 (en) 2016-04-19 2016-05-02 Die casting alloy
KR1020187030923A KR101971846B1 (en) 2016-04-19 2016-05-02 Die casting alloy
US16/094,309 US10669615B2 (en) 2016-04-19 2016-05-02 Alloy for pressure die-casting

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RU2726520C1 (en) * 2019-09-03 2020-07-14 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский национальный исследовательский университет имени академика С.П. Королёва" Welded thermally non-hardened alloy based on al-mg system
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KR101971846B1 (en) 2019-04-23
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