EP2088216A1 - Aluminium alloy - Google Patents

Aluminium alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2088216A1
EP2088216A1 EP09000917A EP09000917A EP2088216A1 EP 2088216 A1 EP2088216 A1 EP 2088216A1 EP 09000917 A EP09000917 A EP 09000917A EP 09000917 A EP09000917 A EP 09000917A EP 2088216 A1 EP2088216 A1 EP 2088216A1
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Prior art keywords
weight
vanadium
aluminum alloy
titanium
hafnium
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2088216B1 (en
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Franz Dr. Riemelmoser
Thomas Waltenberger
Peter Prof. Dr. Uggowitzer
Jörg Prof. Dr. Löffler
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aluminum alloys of the alloy group 6xxx and extruded, safety-relevant motor vehicle profile components produced therefrom.
  • Aluminum alloys of class 6xxx are AlMgSi type aluminum alloys. These can be assigned to the family of hardenable aluminum alloys. Such aluminum alloys generally contain magnesium in a concentration range of 0.2 to 1.2 wt% and silicon in a concentration range of 0.3 to 1.5 wt%. Curing aluminum alloys are in the DE 32 43 371 A1 , of the EP 0 805 219 A1 and the WO 00/52216 A1 described. Depending on the desired property profile, the magnesium and silicon concentrations are selected and optionally further alloying elements are added, for example manganese up to 0.6% by weight, copper up to 0.5% by weight, chromium up to 0.25% by weight. % and vanadium up to 0.35 wt .-%.
  • Such alloys are known and are described, for example, under the designations AA6016 (0.2 to 0.6 wt.% Mg, 0.9 to 1.5 wt.% Si), AA6060 (0.35 to 0.6 wt. -% Mg, 0.3 to 0.6 wt .-% Si) and AA6061 (0.8 to 1.2 wt .-% Mg, 0.4 to 0.8 wt .-% Si) produced and sold.
  • Aluminum alloys of the type mentioned which are used in the field of vehicle construction, must have a high degree of energy absorption capacity or a high absorption of deformation energy before fracture. This is achieved inter alia by a high solidification exponent or by a high uniformity and elongation at break of the alloy. Such aluminum alloys are used, for example, in body structures, in so-called crash management systems and chassis parts.
  • Known aluminum alloys of the type AlMgSi with high strength eg AW 6082
  • the aluminum alloy according to the invention has a high yield strength, a high solidification coefficient, a high elongation at break and a high degree of formability and energy absorption capacity.
  • the refinement of the aluminum alloy according to the invention is based inter alia on the finding that the high-melting alloying elements titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum on the one hand solidify from the melt due to their accumulation on the solidification front and on the other hand inhibit grain growth in hot working by the formation of fine intermetallic phases.
  • the addition of the high-melting transition metals titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum is responsible for the fact that the aluminum alloy according to the invention is finely recrystallised after hot working or after a solution annealing.
  • the intermetallic phases formed during the solidification of the residual melt also influence the formation of the iron-containing phases of the AlFeMnSi type, which are advantageously present in a finer form and more homogeneously distributed.
  • a homogeneous and finely recrystallized microstructure with fine intermetallic phases is characterized by a higher level of strength in comparison to known coarsely recrystallized alloys and moreover has a higher solidification coefficient or a higher ductility than known aluminum alloys.
  • the solidification of the high-melting alloying elements titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum which occurs during solidification on the solidification front, delays the grain growth during solidification and at the same time leads to the activation of new solidification nuclei.
  • the alloying elements titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum have the highest degree of accumulation tendency. Compared to the main alloying elements magnesium and silicon, the enrichment of these alloying elements is much more pronounced, for titanium it is about a factor of 70 stronger, for vanadium about a factor of 30, for hafnium about a factor of 10 and for tantalum about a factor of 4 ,
  • the aluminum alloys according to the invention advantageously have a strictly balanced element concentration and properties of microalloys by the refractory transition metals titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum.
  • the interactions of all alloying elements and the reaction kinetics as well as the grain growth criteria are taken into account, the advantages being in particular a homogeneous fine grain structure of the resulting aluminum alloy, a high cold workability and an improvement in ductility.
  • the 70-fold concentration of titanium and the 30-fold concentration of vanadium in the alloy in the sum is less than 15 wt .-%.
  • the 70-fold concentration of titanium, the 30-fold concentration of vanadium, the 10-fold concentration hafnium and the 4-fold concentration of tantalum in the alloy in the sum more than 3.0 wt. -% is.
  • An inventive safety-relevant profile component consists of an aluminum alloy as described above.
  • the use of the aluminum alloy according to the invention results in a particularly high deformability of the component and a high energy absorption capacity of the component.
  • the components may be, for example, structural components of motor vehicles.
  • a semifinished product according to the invention consists of an aluminum alloy described above.
  • the semi-finished product advantageously has a high deformability due to the homogeneous, fine-grained microstructure and therefore, for example, a high cold workability.
  • the aluminum alloy according to the invention can be used in a variety of applications.
  • This process ensures the production of a profile part with a high yield strength, a high solidification coefficient, a high elongation or elongation and an increased formability and increased energy absorption capacity.
  • the hardening treatment according to process step d) can take place during process step c).
  • Further advantageous embodiments of the method are shown when the solution annealing according to method step d) in a temperature range between 500 ° C and 560 ° C for a period of between 5 min. and 2 hours.
  • the hot aging or hot curing according to process step e) is advantageously carried out in a temperature range between 140 ° C and 215 ° C for a period of between 1 h and 20 h.
  • Embodiment 1 An aluminum alloy of the composition (in% by weight): Si 1.0 mg 0.8 Mn 0.4 Fe 0.3 Cu 0.4 Cr 0.1 Ti 0.1 V 0.1 and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities (Al and manufacturing impurities occupy the residual portion remaining at 100% by weight, the unavoidable impurities totaling at most 0.1% by weight).
  • Embodiment 2 An aluminum alloy of the composition (in% by weight): Si 1.0 mg 0.8 Mn 0.4 Fe 0.3 Cu 0.4 Cr 0.1 V 0.1 Hf 0.1 Ta 0.1 and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities (Al and manufacturing impurities occupy the residual portion remaining at 100% by weight, the unavoidable impurities totaling at most 0.1% by weight).
  • the aluminum alloys specified in the exemplary embodiments differ from previously known aluminum alloys (such as, for example, DIN EN AW 6082) by a favorable recrystallization behavior, which is described, for example, in US Pat. leads to a finer-grained and homogeneous cast structure. This cast structure in turn requires i.a. an improved mechanical behavior for subsequent processing steps as well as for component performance such. B. plastic forming, energy absorption, etc ..

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

Aluminum alloy of the alloy group, comprises: 0.3-11.5 wt.% of silicon, 0.06-1.2 wt.% of magnesium, 0.05-0.9 wt.% of manganese, 0.01-0.5 wt.% of copper, 0.05-0.5 wt.% of iron, 0.05-0.25 wt.% of chromium, 0.02-0.9 wt.% of titanium, 0.05-0.3 wt.% of vanadium, 0.02-0.3 wt.% of hafnium, 0.02-0.3 wt.% of tantalum, and maximum of 0.1 wt.% of aluminum and unavoidable impurities as residues.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Aluminiumlegierungen der Legierungsgruppe 6xxx und daraus hergestellte, stranggepresste, sicherheitsrelevante Kraftfahrzeug-Profilbauteile.The present invention relates to aluminum alloys of the alloy group 6xxx and extruded, safety-relevant motor vehicle profile components produced therefrom.

Bei Aluminiumlegierungen der Klasse 6xxx handelt es sich um Aluminiumlegierungen des Typs AlMgSi. Diese können der Familie der aushärtbaren Aluminiumlegierungen zugeordnet werden. Derartige Aluminiumlegierungen enthalten im Allgemeinen Magnesium in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 0,2 bis 1,2 Gew.-% und Silizium in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 0,3 bis 1,5 Gew.-%. Aushärtbare Aluminiumlegierungen sind in der DE 32 43 371 A1 , der EP 0 805 219 A1 und der WO 00/52216 A1 beschrieben. Je nach erwünschtem Eigenschaftsprofil werden die Magnesium- und Siliziumkonzentrationen gewählt und gegebenenfalls weitere Legierungselemente zugesetzt, wie beispielsweise Mangan bis zu 0,6 Gew.-%, Kupfer bis zu 0,5 Gew.-%, Chrom bis zu 0,25 Gew.-% und Vanadium bis zu 0,35 Gew.-%. Solche Legierungen sind bekannt und werden beispielsweise unter den Bezeichnungen AA6016 (0,2 bis 0,6 Gew.-% Mg, 0,9 bis 1,5 Gew.-% Si), AA6060 (0,35 bis 0,6 Gew.-% Mg, 0,3 bis 0,6 Gew.-% Si) und AA6061 (0,8 bis 1,2 Gew.-% Mg, 0,4 bis 0,8 Gew.-% Si) hergestellt und vertrieben.Aluminum alloys of class 6xxx are AlMgSi type aluminum alloys. These can be assigned to the family of hardenable aluminum alloys. Such aluminum alloys generally contain magnesium in a concentration range of 0.2 to 1.2 wt% and silicon in a concentration range of 0.3 to 1.5 wt%. Curing aluminum alloys are in the DE 32 43 371 A1 , of the EP 0 805 219 A1 and the WO 00/52216 A1 described. Depending on the desired property profile, the magnesium and silicon concentrations are selected and optionally further alloying elements are added, for example manganese up to 0.6% by weight, copper up to 0.5% by weight, chromium up to 0.25% by weight. % and vanadium up to 0.35 wt .-%. Such alloys are known and are described, for example, under the designations AA6016 (0.2 to 0.6 wt.% Mg, 0.9 to 1.5 wt.% Si), AA6060 (0.35 to 0.6 wt. -% Mg, 0.3 to 0.6 wt .-% Si) and AA6061 (0.8 to 1.2 wt .-% Mg, 0.4 to 0.8 wt .-% Si) produced and sold.

Aluminiumlegierungen der genannten Art, die im Bereich des Fahrzeugbaus eingesetzt werden, müssen ein hohes Maß an Energieabsorptionsvermögen bzw. eine hohe Absorption von Verformungsenergie vor dem Bruch aufweisen. Dies wird unter anderem durch einen hohen Verfestigungsexponenten erzielt bzw. durch eine hohe Gleichmaß- und Bruchdehnung der Legierung. Derartige Aluminiumlegierungen finden Einsatz zum Beispiel in Karosseriestrukturen, in sogenannten Crashmanagementsystemen und Fahrwerksteilen. Bekannte Aluminiumlegierungen vom Typ AlMgSi mit hoher Festigkeit (z.B. AW 6082) weisen jedoch den Nachteil auf, dass sie relativ grobrekristallisiert ausgebildet sind und daher geringere Verfestigungskoeffizienten, eine geringere Duktilität und damit auch ein verringertes Energieaufnahmevermögen aufweisen.Aluminum alloys of the type mentioned, which are used in the field of vehicle construction, must have a high degree of energy absorption capacity or a high absorption of deformation energy before fracture. This is achieved inter alia by a high solidification exponent or by a high uniformity and elongation at break of the alloy. Such aluminum alloys are used, for example, in body structures, in so-called crash management systems and chassis parts. Known aluminum alloys of the type AlMgSi with high strength (eg AW 6082), however, have the disadvantage that they are formed relatively coarsely recrystallized and therefore lower solidification, a have lower ductility and thus a reduced energy absorption capacity.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Aluminiumlegierung der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, welche gleichzeitig ein hohes Streckgrenzenniveau, einen hohen Verfestigungskoeffizienten und eine hohe Gleichmaß- bzw. Bruchdehnung sowie ein hohes Maß an Umformbarkeit und Energieaufnahmevermögen aufweist.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an aluminum alloy of the type mentioned, which simultaneously has a high yield strength level, a high solidification coefficient and a high uniformity or elongation at break and a high degree of formability and energy absorption capacity.

Es ist weiterhin Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung stranggepresste Kraftfahrzeug-Profilbauteile aus einer solchen Aluminiumlegierung aufzuzeigen, mit denen sichere Fahrzeug-Tragstrukturen aufgebaut werden können.It is a further object of the present invention to show extruded motor vehicle profile components made of such an aluminum alloy with which safe vehicle support structures can be constructed.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the respective subclaims.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung weist folgende Zusammensetzung auf:

  • 0,3 bis 11,5 Gew.-% Silizium,
  • 0,06 bis 1,2 Gew.-% Magnesium,
  • 0,05 bis 0,9 Gew.-% Mangan,
  • 0,01 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Kupfer,
  • 0,05 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Eisen,
  • 0,05 bis 0,25 Gew.-% Chrom,
  • 0,02 bis 0,9 Gew.-% Titan,
  • 0,05 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Vanadium,
  • 0,02 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Hafnium,
  • 0,02 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Tantal und als Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen von insgesamt maximal 0,1 Gew.-%.
An aluminum alloy according to the invention has the following composition:
  • 0.3 to 11.5% by weight of silicon,
  • 0.06 to 1.2% by weight of magnesium,
  • 0.05 to 0.9 wt% manganese,
  • 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of copper,
  • 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of iron,
  • 0.05 to 0.25% by weight of chromium,
  • 0.02 to 0.9% by weight of titanium,
  • 0.05 to 0.3 wt.% Vanadium,
  • 0.02 to 0.3% by weight hafnium,
  • 0.02 to 0.3 wt .-% tantalum and balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities of a maximum of 0.1 wt .-%.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung weist ein hohes Streckgrenzenniveau, einen hohen Verfestigungskoeffizienten, eine hohe Gleichmaß- bzw. Bruchdehnung sowie ein hohes Maß an Umformbarkeit und Energieaufnahmevermögen auf. Der Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung liegt unter anderem die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass die hochschmelzenden Legierungselemente Titan, Vanadium, Hafnium und Tantal einerseits beim Erstarren aus der Schmelze durch ihre Anreicherung an der Erstarrungsfront und andererseits bei der Warmumformung durch die Bildung feiner intermetallischer Phasen das Kornwachstum hemmen. Der Zusatz der hochschmelzenden Übergangsmetalle Titan, Vanadium, Hafnium und Tantal ist dafür verantwortlich, dass die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung nach der Warmumformung oder auch nach einer Lösungsglühung feinrekristallisiert vorliegt. Die bei der Erstarrung der Restschmelze gebildeten intermetallischen Phasen beeinflussen zudem die Ausbildung der eisenhaltigen Phasen vom Typ AlFeMnSi, die vorteilhafterweise in feinerer Form und homogener verteilt vorliegen. Ein derart homogenes und feinrekristallisiertes Gefüge mit feinen intermetallischen Phasen zeichnet sich aber durch ein höheres Festigkeitsniveau im Vergleich zu bekannten grobrekristallisierten Legierungen aus und weist darüber hinaus einen höheren Verfestigungskoeffizienten bzw. eine höhere Duktilität als bekannte Aluminiumlegierungen auf. Zudem wurde beobachtet, dass die während der Erstarrung an der Erstarrungsfront auftretende Anreicherung der hochschmelzenden Legierungselemente Titan, Vanadium, Hafnium und Tantal das Kornwachstum während der Erstarrung verzögert und gleichzeitig zur Aktivierung neuer Erstarrungskeime führt. Dabei weisen die Legierungselemente Titan, Vanadium, Hafnium und Tantal den höchsten Grad an Anreicherungstendenz auf. Im Vergleich zu den Hauptlegierungselementen Magnesium und Silizium ist die Anreicherung dieser Legierungselemente deutlich ausgeprägter, für Titan ist sie etwa um den Faktor 70 stärker, für Vanadium etwa um den Faktor 30, für Hafnium etwa um den Faktor 10 und für Tantal etwa um den Faktor 4.The aluminum alloy according to the invention has a high yield strength, a high solidification coefficient, a high elongation at break and a high degree of formability and energy absorption capacity. The refinement of the aluminum alloy according to the invention is based inter alia on the finding that the high-melting alloying elements titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum on the one hand solidify from the melt due to their accumulation on the solidification front and on the other hand inhibit grain growth in hot working by the formation of fine intermetallic phases. The addition of the high-melting transition metals titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum is responsible for the fact that the aluminum alloy according to the invention is finely recrystallised after hot working or after a solution annealing. The intermetallic phases formed during the solidification of the residual melt also influence the formation of the iron-containing phases of the AlFeMnSi type, which are advantageously present in a finer form and more homogeneously distributed. However, such a homogeneous and finely recrystallized microstructure with fine intermetallic phases is characterized by a higher level of strength in comparison to known coarsely recrystallized alloys and moreover has a higher solidification coefficient or a higher ductility than known aluminum alloys. In addition, it has been observed that the solidification of the high-melting alloying elements titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum, which occurs during solidification on the solidification front, delays the grain growth during solidification and at the same time leads to the activation of new solidification nuclei. The alloying elements titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum have the highest degree of accumulation tendency. Compared to the main alloying elements magnesium and silicon, the enrichment of these alloying elements is much more pronounced, for titanium it is about a factor of 70 stronger, for vanadium about a factor of 30, for hafnium about a factor of 10 and for tantalum about a factor of 4 ,

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung weist diese folgende Zusammensetzung auf:

  • 0,6 bis 1,3 Gew.-% Silizium,
  • 0,4 bis 1,2 Gew.-% Magnesium,
  • 0,2 bis 0,6 Gew.-% Mangan,
  • 0,2 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Kupfer,
  • 0,2 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Eisen,
  • 0,05 bis 0,25 Gew.-% Chrom,
  • 0,02 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Titan,
  • 0,05 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Vanadium,
  • 0,02 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Hafnium,
  • 0,02 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Tantal und als Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen von insgesamt maximal 0,1 Gew.-% enthält.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the aluminum alloy according to the invention, it has the following composition:
  • 0.6 to 1.3% by weight of silicon,
  • 0.4 to 1.2% by weight of magnesium,
  • 0.2 to 0.6% by weight of manganese,
  • 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of copper,
  • 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of iron,
  • 0.05 to 0.25% by weight of chromium,
  • From 0.02 to 0.2% by weight of titanium,
  • From 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of vanadium,
  • 0.02 to 0.2% by weight hafnium,
  • 0.02 to 0.2 wt .-% tantalum and the remainder aluminum and unavoidable impurities of a maximum of 0.1 wt .-% contains.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung weist diese folgende Zusammensetzung auf:

  • 0,9 bis 1,1 Gew.-% Silizium,
  • 0,7 bis 0,9 Gew.-% Magnesium,
  • 0,3 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Mangan,
  • 0,2 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Kupfer,
  • 0,2 bis 0,4 Gew.-% Eisen,
  • 0,05 bis 0,15 Gew.-% Chrom,
  • 0,02 bis 0,15 Gew.-% Titan,
  • 0,05 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Vanadium,
  • 0,02 bis 0,15 Gew.-% Hafnium,
  • 0,02 bis 0,15 Gew.-% Tantal und als Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen von insgesamt maximal 0,1 Gew.-% enthält.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the aluminum alloy according to the invention, it has the following composition:
  • 0.9 to 1.1% by weight of silicon,
  • 0.7 to 0.9% by weight of magnesium,
  • From 0.3 to 0.5% by weight of manganese,
  • 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of copper,
  • 0.2 to 0.4% by weight of iron,
  • 0.05 to 0.15% by weight of chromium,
  • 0.02 to 0.15% by weight of titanium,
  • From 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of vanadium,
  • 0.02 to 0.15% by weight hafnium,
  • 0.02 to 0.15 wt .-% tantalum and the remainder aluminum and unavoidable impurities of a total of 0.1 wt .-% maximum.

Die erfindungsgemäß zusammengesetzten Aluminiumlegierungen weisen vorteilhafterweise eine streng ausgewogene Elementkonzentration und Eigenschaften von Mikrolegierungen durch die hochschmelzenden Übergangsmetalle Titan, Vanadium, Hafnium und Tantal auf. Dabei sind die Wechselwirkungen aller Legierungselemente und die Reaktionskinetik sowie die Kornwachstumskriterien berücksichtigt, wobei die Vorteile insbesondere in einer homogenen Feinkornstruktur der resultierenden Aluminiumlegierung, einer hohen Kaltumformbarkeit und einer Verbesserung der Duktilität liegen.The aluminum alloys according to the invention advantageously have a strictly balanced element concentration and properties of microalloys by the refractory transition metals titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum. The interactions of all alloying elements and the reaction kinetics as well as the grain growth criteria are taken into account, the advantages being in particular a homogeneous fine grain structure of the resulting aluminum alloy, a high cold workability and an improvement in ductility.

In weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung beträgt die Konzentration der Elemente Titan, Vanadium, Hafnium und Tantal in der Legierung in der Summe weniger als 0,4 Gew.-%. Zudem ist es möglich, dass die 70-fache Konzentration an Titan und die 30-fache Konzentration an Vanadium in der Legierung in der Summe weniger als 15 Gew.-% beträgt. Des Weiteren ist es möglich, dass die 70-fache Konzentration an Titan, die 30-fache Konzentration an Vanadium, die 10-fache Konzentration Hafnium und die 4-fache Konzentration an Tantal in der Legierung in der Summe mehr als 3,0 Gew.-% beträgt. Derartige Einschränkungen der Konzentration der Legierungselemente Titan, Vanadium, Hafnium und Tantal oder Titan und Vanadium sind insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Bildung günstig wirkender intermetallischer Phasen von Vorteil. Es ergibt sich eine besonders homogene und feinkörnige Gefügestruktur der resultierenden Aluminiumlegierung und eine hohe Verformbarkeit eines daraus hergestellten Halbzeugs oder Bauteils. Zudem weisen sie eine hohe Kaltverformungskapazität auf.In further advantageous embodiments of the aluminum alloy according to the invention, the concentration of the elements titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum in the alloy in the sum of less than 0.4 wt .-%. In addition, it is possible that the 70-fold concentration of titanium and the 30-fold concentration of vanadium in the alloy in the sum is less than 15 wt .-%. Furthermore, it is possible that the 70-fold concentration of titanium, the 30-fold concentration of vanadium, the 10-fold concentration hafnium and the 4-fold concentration of tantalum in the alloy in the sum more than 3.0 wt. -% is. Such restrictions on the concentration of the alloying elements titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum or titanium and vanadium are particularly advantageous with regard to the formation of favorable intermetallic phases. This results in a particularly homogeneous and fine-grained microstructure of the resulting Aluminum alloy and high ductility of a semifinished product or component produced therefrom. In addition, they have a high cold deformation capacity.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes sicherheitsrelevantes Profilbauteil besteht aus einer Aluminiumlegierung wie im Vorhergehenden beschrieben. Durch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung ergibt sich eine besonders hohe Verformbarkeit des Bauteils sowie ein hohes Energieaufnahmevermögen des Bauteils. Bei den Bauteilen kann es sich zum Beispiel um Strukturbauteile von Kraftfahrzeugen handeln.An inventive safety-relevant profile component consists of an aluminum alloy as described above. The use of the aluminum alloy according to the invention results in a particularly high deformability of the component and a high energy absorption capacity of the component. The components may be, for example, structural components of motor vehicles.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Halbzeug besteht aus einer im Vorhergehenden beschriebenen Aluminiumlegierung. Das Halbzeug weist vorteilhafterweise eine hohe Verformbarkeit aufgrund der homogenen, feinkörnigen Gefügestruktur und daher zum Beispiel eine hohe Kaltumformbarkeit auf.A semifinished product according to the invention consists of an aluminum alloy described above. The semi-finished product advantageously has a high deformability due to the homogeneous, fine-grained microstructure and therefore, for example, a high cold workability.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumlegierung kann in einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen Verwendung finden.The aluminum alloy according to the invention can be used in a variety of applications.

Ein beispielhaftes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Profilteils, insbesondere eines Profilteils zur Verwendung im Fahrzeugbau umfasst folgende Schritte:

  1. a) Bereitstellung eines Gussbolzens aus einer Aluminiumlegierung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6;
  2. b) Ein- oder mehrstufiges Erwärmen des Gussbolzens bei Temperaturen zwischen 470°C und 580°C;
  3. c) Warmumformung des Gussbolzens mittels Strangpressen bei Temperaturen zwischen 400°C und 580°C zur Ausbildung des Halbzeugs;
  4. d) Aushärtebehandlung des im Verfahrensschritt c) erzeugten Halbzeugs mittels Lösungsglühen für einen vorbestimmten Zeitraum in einem ersten Temperaturbereich; und
  5. e) Warmauslagerung bzw. Warmaushärten des Halbzeugs für einen vorbestimmten Zeitraum in einem vorbestimmten zweiten Temperaturbereich, wobei der zweite Temperaturbereich niedriger ist als der erste Temperaturbereich des Lösungsglühens.
An exemplary method for producing a profile part, in particular a profile part for use in vehicle construction, comprises the following steps:
  1. a) providing an aluminum alloy casting bolt according to one of claims 1 to 6;
  2. b) one or more stages of heating the cast bolt at temperatures between 470 ° C and 580 ° C;
  3. c) hot forming of the cast bolt by means of extrusion at temperatures between 400 ° C and 580 ° C to form the semi-finished product;
  4. d) curing treatment of the semifinished product produced in process step c) by solution annealing for a predetermined period of time in a first temperature range; and
  5. e) hot aging or heat curing of the semifinished product for a predetermined period of time in a predetermined second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range is lower than the first temperature range of the solution annealing.

Dieses Verfahren gewährleistet die Herstellung eines Profilteils mit einem hohen Streckgrenzenniveau, einem hohen Verfestigungskoeffizienten, einer hohen Gleichmaß- bzw. Bruchdehnung sowie einer erhöhten Umformbarkeit und einem erhöhten Energieaufnahmevermögen. Insbesondere durch die Aushärtungsbehandlung mittels Lösungsglühen wird ein besonders günstiges Eigenschaftsprofil des Halbzeugs bezüglich seiner Energieabsorptionsfähigkeit am stranggepressten Halbzeug erzielt. Dabei kann die Aushärtebehandlung gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) während des Verfahrensschritts c) erfolgen. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens zeigen sich, wenn das Lösungsglühen gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 500° C und 560° C für einen Zeitraum zwischen 5 min. und 2 Std. erfolgt. Das Warmauslagern bzw. Warmaushärten gemäß Verfahrensschritt e) erfolgt vorteilhafterweise in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 140° C und 215° C für einen Zeitraum zwischen 1 Std. und 20 Std.This process ensures the production of a profile part with a high yield strength, a high solidification coefficient, a high elongation or elongation and an increased formability and increased energy absorption capacity. In particular, by the hardening treatment by means of solution annealing, a particularly favorable property profile of the semifinished product with regard to its energy absorption capacity is achieved on the extruded semifinished product. In this case, the hardening treatment according to process step d) can take place during process step c). Further advantageous embodiments of the method are shown when the solution annealing according to method step d) in a temperature range between 500 ° C and 560 ° C for a period of between 5 min. and 2 hours. The hot aging or hot curing according to process step e) is advantageously carried out in a temperature range between 140 ° C and 215 ° C for a period of between 1 h and 20 h.

Im Folgenden werden zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumlegierung näher beschrieben:
Ausführungsbeispiel 1:
Eine Aluminiumlegierungen der Zusammensetzung (in Gewichts-%): Si 1.0 Mg 0.8 Mn 0.4 Fe 0.3 Cu 0.4 Cr 0.1 Ti 0.1 V 0.1 und Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen (Al sowie herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen nehmen den auf 100 Gewichts-% verbleibenden Restanteil ein, wobei die unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen insgesamt maximal 0,1 Gew.-% betragen).
Ausführungsbeispiel 2:
Eine Aluminiumlegierung der Zusammensetzung (in Gewichts-%): Si 1.0 Mg 0.8 Mn 0.4 Fe 0.3 Cu 0.4 Cr 0.1 V 0.1 Hf 0.1 Ta 0.1 und Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen (Al sowie herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen nehmen den auf 100 Gewichts-% verbleibenden Restanteil ein, wobei die unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen insgesamt maximal 0,1 Gew.-% betragen).Two exemplary embodiments of the aluminum alloy according to the invention are described in more detail below:
Embodiment 1
An aluminum alloy of the composition (in% by weight): Si 1.0 mg 0.8 Mn 0.4 Fe 0.3 Cu 0.4 Cr 0.1 Ti 0.1 V 0.1 and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities (Al and manufacturing impurities occupy the residual portion remaining at 100% by weight, the unavoidable impurities totaling at most 0.1% by weight).
Embodiment 2:
An aluminum alloy of the composition (in% by weight): Si 1.0 mg 0.8 Mn 0.4 Fe 0.3 Cu 0.4 Cr 0.1 V 0.1 Hf 0.1 Ta 0.1 and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities (Al and manufacturing impurities occupy the residual portion remaining at 100% by weight, the unavoidable impurities totaling at most 0.1% by weight).

Die in den Ausführungsbeispielen angegebenen Aluminiumlegierungen unterscheiden sich zu bisher bekannten Aluminiumlegierungen (wie z. B. DIN EN AW 6082) durch ein günstiges Rekristallisationsverhalten, was z.B. zu einer feinkörnigeren und homogenen Gussstruktur führt. Diese Gussstruktur wiederum bedingt u.a. ein verbessertes mechanisches Verhalten für nachfolgende Bearbeitungsschritte als auch für die Bauteilperformance wie z. B. plastisches Umformen, Energieaufnahmevermögen, etc..The aluminum alloys specified in the exemplary embodiments differ from previously known aluminum alloys (such as, for example, DIN EN AW 6082) by a favorable recrystallization behavior, which is described, for example, in US Pat. leads to a finer-grained and homogeneous cast structure. This cast structure in turn requires i.a. an improved mechanical behavior for subsequent processing steps as well as for component performance such. B. plastic forming, energy absorption, etc ..

Claims (3)

Aluminiumlegierung der Legierungsgruppe 6xxx, gekennzeichnet durch die Zusammensetzung 0,3 bis 11,5 Gew.-% Silizium, 0,06 bis 1,2 Gew.-% Magnesium, 0,05 bis 0,9 Gew.-% Mangan, 0,01 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Kupfer, 0,05 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Eisen, 0,05 bis 0,25 Gew.-% Chrom, 0,02 bis 0,9 Gew.-% Titan, 0,05 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Vanadium, 0,02 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Hafnium, 0,02 bis 0,3 Gew.-% Tantal und als Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen von insgesamt maximal 0,1 Gew.-%. Aluminum alloy of alloy group 6xxx, characterized by the composition 0.3 to 11.5% by weight of silicon, 0.06 to 1.2% by weight of magnesium, 0.05 to 0.9 wt% manganese, 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of copper, 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of iron, 0.05 to 0.25% by weight of chromium, 0.02 to 0.9% by weight of titanium, 0.05 to 0.3 wt.% Vanadium, 0.02 to 0.3% by weight hafnium, 0.02 to 0.3 wt .-% tantalum and balance aluminum and unavoidable impurities of a maximum of 0.1 wt .-%. Aluminiumlegierung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Legierung 0,6 bis 1,3 Gew.-% Silizium, 0,4 bis 1,2 Gew.-% Magnesium, 0,2 bis 0,6 Gew.-% Mangan, 0,2 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Kupfer, 0,2 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Eisen, 0,05 bis 0,25 Gew.-% Chrom, 0,02 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Titan, 0,05 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Vanadium, 0,02 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Hafnium, 0,02 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Tantal und als Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen von insgesamt maximal 0,1 Gew.-% enthält. Aluminum alloy according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the alloy 0.6 to 1.3% by weight of silicon, 0.4 to 1.2% by weight of magnesium, 0.2 to 0.6% by weight of manganese, 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of copper, 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of iron, 0.05 to 0.25% by weight of chromium, From 0.02 to 0.2% by weight of titanium, From 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of vanadium, 0.02 to 0.2% by weight hafnium, 0.02 to 0.2 wt .-% tantalum and the remainder aluminum and unavoidable impurities of a maximum of 0.1 wt .-% contains. Aluminiumlegierung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Legierung 0,9 bis 1,1 Gew.-% Silizium, 0,7 bis 0,9 Gew.-% Magnesium, 0,3 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Mangan, 0,2 bis 0,5 Gew.-% Kupfer, 0,2 bis 0,4 Gew.-% Eisen, 0,05 bis 0,15 Gew.-% Chrom, 0,02 bis 0,15 Gew.-% Titan, 0,05 bis 0,2 Gew.-% Vanadium, 0,02 bis 0,15 Gew.-% Hafnium, 0,02 bis 0,15 Gew.-% Tantal und als Rest Aluminium und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen von insgesamt maximal 0,1 Gew.-% enthält. 4. Aluminiumlegierung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Konzentration der Elemente Titan, Vanadium, Hafnium und Tantal in der Legierung in der Summe weniger als 0,4 Gew.-% beträgt. 5. Aluminiumlegierung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die 70fache Konzentration an Titan und die 30fache Konzentration an Vanadium in der Legierung in der Summe weniger als 15,0 Gew.-% beträgt. 6. Aluminiumlegierung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die 70fache Konzentration an Titan, die 30fache Konzentration an Vanadium, die 10fache Konzentration Hafnium und die 4fache Konzentration an Tantal in der Legierung in der Summe mehr als 3,0 Gew.-% beträgt. 7. Verwendung einer Aluminiumlegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zur Herstellung eines stranggepressten, sicherheitsrelevanten Kraftfahrzeug- Profilbauteils. 8. Stranggepresstes, sicherheitsrelevantes Kraftfahrzeugbauteil aus einer Aluminiumlegierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 . Aluminum alloy according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the alloy 0.9 to 1.1% by weight of silicon, 0.7 to 0.9% by weight of magnesium, From 0.3 to 0.5% by weight of manganese, 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of copper, 0.2 to 0.4% by weight of iron, 0.05 to 0.15% by weight of chromium, 0.02 to 0.15% by weight of titanium, From 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of vanadium, 0.02 to 0.15% by weight hafnium, 0.02 to 0.15 wt .-% tantalum and the remainder aluminum and unavoidable impurities of a total of 0.1 wt .-% maximum. 4. Aluminum alloy according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the concentration of the elements titanium, vanadium, hafnium and tantalum in the alloy in the sum less than 0.4 wt .-% is. 5. Aluminum alloy according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
is the 70-fold concentration of titanium and the 30-fold concentration of vanadium in the alloy in the sum less than 15.0 wt .-%. 6. Aluminum alloy according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
70 times the concentration of titanium, 30 times the concentration of vanadium, 10 times the concentration of hafnium and 4 times the concentration of tantalum in the alloy, in the sum of more than 3.0% by weight. 7. Use of an aluminum alloy according to one of claims 1 to 6 for the production of an extruded, safety-relevant motor vehicle profile component. 8. Extruded, safety-relevant motor vehicle component made of an aluminum alloy according to one of claims 1 to 6.
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