EP3157709A1 - Outil de finition - Google Patents

Outil de finition

Info

Publication number
EP3157709A1
EP3157709A1 EP15729844.9A EP15729844A EP3157709A1 EP 3157709 A1 EP3157709 A1 EP 3157709A1 EP 15729844 A EP15729844 A EP 15729844A EP 3157709 A1 EP3157709 A1 EP 3157709A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
workpiece
cutting surface
recess
finishing tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15729844.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3157709B1 (fr
Inventor
Marcel Bosch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nagel Maschinen und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH
Original Assignee
Nagel Maschinen und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nagel Maschinen und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH filed Critical Nagel Maschinen und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH
Publication of EP3157709A1 publication Critical patent/EP3157709A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3157709B1 publication Critical patent/EP3157709B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/26—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding workpieces with arcuate surfaces, e.g. parts of car bodies, bumpers or magnetic recording heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/08—Honing tools
    • B24B33/081—Honing tools for external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B35/00—Machines or devices designed for superfinishing surfaces on work, i.e. by means of abrading blocks reciprocating with high frequency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a finishing tool according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Finishing also referred to as superfinishing, is a machining process using geometrically indefinite cutting edges.
  • workpieces such as crankshafts, camshafts, transmission shafts or other components for power and working machines can be edited to produce a desired surface fine structure.
  • a finishing tool with granular cutting agent is pressed against the peripheral surface to be machined.
  • the workpiece is rotated about its workpiece axis. At the same time an oscillating relative to the workpiece axis relative movement between the workpiece and the voltage applied to the peripheral surface finish tool is generated.
  • the workpiece portion to be machined can be, for example, a main bearing or a crank bearing of a crankshaft or a camshaft bearing or a bearing of another shaft, e.g. a balancing wave, act.
  • the cutting medium carrier is a flexible band coated with a relatively thin layer of granular cutting means.
  • Finishing with finish stone uses a finishing tool having a rigid cutting means carrier to which is attached a more or less thick, relatively solid cutting pad having cutting agent grains distributed in a bond.
  • the cutting medium carrier has, on its side facing the workpiece, a cutting surface which is intended to be pressed flat against the workpiece section during a finish machining operation.
  • the cutting coating defines a longitudinal direction to be aligned substantially parallel to the workpiece rotation axis and a transverse direction perpendicular thereto.
  • the cutting surface has a concave shape in the transverse direction, so that the cutting surface over a large area of the rotationally symmetrical Maschinenmaschineab- to be processed cut press on.
  • the cutting surface is normally substantially cylindrically curved.
  • finishing is a thermally neutral processing method in which no soft skin interspersed with microcracks or surface tensions arises. Finishing is often used after a grinding process as the last machining process of a process chain to remove the soft skin, re-exposing the original microstructure, increasing the supporting portion of the roughened surface structure, and increasing the component geometry in terms of roundness and short-wave defects in the axial direction
  • the preservation of the axial contour is usually in the foreground.
  • An improvement in the form values on cylindrical bearings takes place mainly in the radial direction and is highly dependent on the pre-processing.
  • short-wave error components e.g. with more than 15 waves on the circumference
  • long-wave components such as e.g. Ovals, triangles or quadrilaterals can not be positively influenced by finishing.
  • the cutting volume through the finishing process is generally below about 10 ⁇ .
  • the material removal of the finishing process is normally adjusted to the pre-processing.
  • Grinding is usually the last shaping machining operation. This means that the contouring of a rotationally symmetrical bearing point essentially takes place through the grinding process preceding the finishing process.
  • a continuous dressing of the grinding wheel is imperative for the shaping and design of the bearing. Depending on the requirement and the drawing tolerance of the bearing, the dressing cycle is reduced or extended. However, the grinding process is usually not able to achieve the achievable by the finish machining surface properties.
  • a crowned (barrel-shaped, convex) shape of rotationally symmetric bearing sections can help to reduce bearing damage due to flight and form errors of the components interacting in the bearing.
  • crowning usually expressed in diameter differences of a few micrometers between different axial positions of the (crowned) bearing section.
  • EP 1 514 642 A2 describes a device for finish machining of shafts, in particular crankshafts and camshafts, with a tool carrier and an endless grinding belt, which has a flexible carrier and an abrasive layer with hard material.
  • the device is used for processing a rotating about its axis of rotation workpiece.
  • a sanding belt drive continuously drives the sanding belt during workpiece machining.
  • the tool carrier has a machining head with two mutually spaced band deflections, which limit a working range of the machining head, wherein the grinding belt is guided over the tape deflections and passes in the work area on the peripheral surface of the workpiece to be machined.
  • the circulating abrasive belt outside of the work area is associated with a device for dressing the abrasive layer, which has a deliverable during the workpiece processing against the abrasive layer of the belt at a speed adjusted to the workpiece processing belt speed adjustable dressing tool.
  • the dressing tool has a convex contour transverse to the direction of tape travel, which is transferred to the abrasive layer during dressing.
  • the invention provides a finishing tool having the features of claim 1.
  • Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims. The content of all claims is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the claimed invention provides a finishing tool, in use of which it is possible to control the axial contour of a workpiece section by the process of finishing, ie by a material-removing finish machining by means of geometrically indefinite cutting. the, in a simple way to selectively influence and possibly to change targeted to a pre-processing. This new functionality can be achieved without making any changes to the finish machine itself.
  • a measured in the transverse direction effective width of the cutting surface in the longitudinal direction of the cutting surface varies.
  • the term "effective width" here refers to the width, measured in the transverse direction, over which cutting means can engage the workpiece surface to be machined during workpiece machining.
  • the effective width is less than in adjacent regions, less material removal occurs during the same processing time varies, can be achieved in the region of the workpiece portion, which is attacked by the finish tool, seen in the axial direction, a nonuniform material removal be selectively changed.
  • the extent of variation in the effective width between the minimum effective width and the maximum effective width and the distribution of the effective width in the longitudinal direction thereby substantially determine the shape of the workpiece section that can be achieved by finish machining.
  • the amount of effective width variation may be different in different embodiments.
  • the effective width in a minimum effective width axial section is between 20% and 80% of the effective width in a maximum effective width section. Stronger or weaker variations are also possible.
  • the effective width of the cutting surface seen in the longitudinal direction is lowest in a central portion of the cutting surface and increases continuously or discontinuously toward the axial end portions. In the axial center, the smallest effective width may be present.
  • the cutting agent portion can be viewed in the longitudinal direction mirror-symmetrical to a center plane of the cutting surface.
  • a desired crown on the workpiece section can be purposefully reduced or reinforced in order to obtain the desired generatrix shape within the molding tolerances after completion of the finish machining.
  • the cutting surface is a whole a shape deviating from the rectangular shape and to cover the cutting surface uniformly or without interruptions uniformly with cutting means. Then, the variation of the effective width is determined by the variation of the actual width of the cutting face as measured in the transverse direction between the outer edges of the cutting face.
  • the cutting pad may have a waisted shape in which the cutting pad is narrower in a central area in the transverse direction than in the axial end areas. It would also be possible to provide a total wedge-shaped cutting surface to achieve a conical shape of the machined workpiece portion.
  • the cutting coating has at least one recess which opens into the cutting surface, so that the effective width of the cutting surface in the region of the recess is reduced relative to a cutting surface without this recess. If at least one such recess is provided in the cutting surface, the effective width is less than the width of the cutting surface measured between the longitudinal edges in the transverse direction in the axial region of the recess. With the help of at least one recess, it is possible to make the cutting surface so that the cutting surface is limited in its outer side rectangular, yet the effective width varies in the longitudinal direction.
  • the term "recess” here stands for a cutting agent-free area within the outer boundary of the cutting surface.
  • a plurality of recesses wherein, for example, their spatial density and / or their size in the longitudinal direction of the cutting surface varies so that the desired distribution of the effective width results in the transverse direction.
  • a single recess is provided in the cutting pad, the shape of which is selected so that it gives the desired axial distribution of the effective width. Finish tools with a single recess are particularly easy to manufacture and are also characterized by particularly high mechanical stability.
  • the recess has a parallelogram shape or a diamond shape, preferably in such a way that the recess in the axial center of the cutting surface has its maximum extent in the transverse direction, wherein the width of the recess in the transverse direction to the axial ends of the recess decreases linearly , It is also possible for the recess to have a lenticular shape, ie a biconvex shape whose width is greatest in the middle region of the cutting surface and gradually decreases to zero at the axial ends according to a non-linear function.
  • the effective width varies over the entire length of the cutting surface.
  • the effective width of the cutting surface seen in the longitudinal direction in the edge regions, ie in the axial end regions of the cutting surface is constant over a certain axial length.
  • the areas of constant effective width may e.g. each between 5% and 20% of the axial length of the cutting surface amount.
  • a further advantage of a configuration with a recess is utilized in that the cutting medium carrier has at least one coolant channel which opens into at least one recess in the cutting coating.
  • the invention also relates to a method for finishing machining peripheral surfaces of rotationally symmetrical workpiece sections on workpieces.
  • a finishing tool is pressed with a pressing force to a workpiece portion of a workpiece to be machined.
  • the workpiece is rotated about a workpiece rotation axis and a parallel movement to the workpiece rotation axis oscillating relative movement between the workpiece and the finish tool is generated.
  • the method uses a finish tool of the type proposed here. This makes it possible to achieve a targeted contouring of the machined workpiece section by means of finish machining without constructive changes to a finish machine solely by the design of the finish tool.
  • the invention also relates to a device for finish machining peripheral surfaces of rotationally symmetrical workpiece sections on workpieces, in which a finishing tool of the type described is or is used.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a processing situation in an embodiment of a method for finish machining.
  • FIG. 2 shows a view of the machining situation from FIG. 1 in the direction parallel to the workpiece rotation axis
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a finishing tool with a diamond-shaped recess in the cutting surface
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a typical machining situation in an exemplary embodiment of a method for finish machining a peripheral surface 193 of a rotationally symmetrical workpiece section on a workpiece 190, which is rotated about a workpiece rotation axis 192 at a constant rotational speed by means of a rotation device for generating a rotational movement of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece section to be machined may, for example, be a main bearing of a crankshaft or a bearing surface of another shaft, for example a camshaft or a balancing shaft.
  • a finishing tool 100 is pressed by means of a pressing device of the finishing machine with a pressing force F acting essentially radially to the workpiece rotation axis Peripheral surface or pressed against the workpiece to be machined section.
  • the removal of material is assisted by using an oscillation device of the finishing machine to generate an oscillating relative movement between the workpiece and the finish tool aligned parallel to the workpiece rotation axis (see double arrow OSZ).
  • the oscillator is mounted on the side of the finish tool so that the finish tool is oscillated while the workpiece rotates only about the workpiece rotation axis 192.
  • the axial stroke or the amplitude of the oscillatory movement may be, for example, in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, possibly also above or below it.
  • Typical rotational speeds of the workpiece may be, for example, in the range of 50 minutes "1 to 300 minutes " 1 , if necessary also above or below.
  • the finish tool 100 mounted on the free end of a tool holder 180 includes a cutting tool carrier 110 formed of tool steel or other metallic material and includes means for mounting the finish tool to the tool holder 180 at the rear thereof.
  • a cutting pad 120 is attached, for example, by means of an adhesive or by means of screws.
  • the cutting material consisting of a sintered material contains a plurality of cutting agent grains, which in the example are distributed homogeneously within a metallic matrix.
  • Cutting agent grains may be, for example, diamond grains or cubic boron nitride (CBN) grains. Typical average grain sizes may be used in the applications described herein, e.g. in the range of 10 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ , in particular in the range of 15 ⁇ to 40 ⁇ lie.
  • the cutting coating has a rectangular cross-section at its base side facing the cutting medium carrier.
  • the longitudinal direction L of the cutting pad is the direction parallel to the workpiece rotational axis during the finish machining.
  • the transverse direction Q is such that the longitudinal direction and transverse direction are in a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction, i. perpendicular to a radial direction of the workpiece rotation axis.
  • the cutting coating On the side facing away from the cutting medium carrier, the cutting coating forms an abrasive cutting surface 125, with which the cutting coating rests more or less extensively on the peripheral surface to be processed during the finish machining.
  • the cutting surface has a concave-cylindrical shape whose radius of curvature substantially corresponds to the target radius of curvature of the workpiece portion to be machined at the end of the finish machining.
  • the curvature runs in the transverse direction Q.
  • a special feature of the finishing tool 100 is that within the cutting pad 120, a single central recess or recess 160 is formed, which extends from the base surface of the cutting pad (on the cutting agent carrier 1 10) to the cutting surface 125 with a constant cross-sectional shape.
  • the recess 160 is a cutting agent-free area inside the cutting pad.
  • the recess can already be produced during sintering by appropriate shaping of the sintering mold or subsequently created, for example by means of spark erosion or in another way.
  • In the axial end portions E1, E2 of the cutting pad (longitudinally in front of and behind the recess), on the other hand, cutting means are present over the entire width of the cutting pad measured in the transverse direction Q.
  • a transversely measured effective width of the cutting surface in the longitudinal direction L of the cutting surface 125 varies, in such a way that the (effective for material removal) width of the cutting surface in the axial end portions E1 and E2 larger is than in the region of the recess 160.
  • the finish tool 100 allows for internal coolant lubrication, i. a supply of cooling lubricant to the processing point through the finishing tool or through the cutting surface.
  • a coolant channel 170 is provided in the cutting medium carrier 1 10, which passes from the workpiece holder 180 facing the rear side of the cutting medium carrier to the front and in the region of the recess 160 opens into this.
  • Formed in the tool holder 180 is a corresponding coolant channel section 182, which is connected via coolant lines to a coolant pump 175 and which, when the finishing tool is completely assembled, opens into the coolant channel 170 of the finishing tool.
  • the finish tool can be rinsed from the inside with coolant during the finish machining, so that even with high cutting performance, the removed material can be transported away from the processing point extremely efficiently.
  • finishing tool 300 in FIG. 3 On the basis of the finish tool 300 in FIG. 3, a possible embodiment of a finishing tool with a central recess 360 will be explained.
  • the finishing tool 100 in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be designed identically thereto or have a different shape of the recess.
  • the recess 360 in the cutting pad 320 has the shape of a rhombus whose length in the longitudinal direction L is about twice as large as their (maximum) width in the transverse direction Q.
  • the recess 360 extends from the cutting surface 325 to the cutting agent carrier 310 over the entire thickness of the cutting surface.
  • the effective width of the cutting surface for material removal in the transverse direction Q corresponds to the geometric width of the cutting surface, measured in the transverse direction.
  • the axial center M of the cutting surface i.
  • the measured in the transverse direction effective width of the cutting surface is only between 40% and 60% as large as in the axial end portions, as there is no cutting means in the region of the recess.
  • the effective width in the axial direction toward both ends increases linearly and symmetrically towards the center due to the diamond shape of the recess and reaches the maximum present in the end regions in the region of the axial peaks of the recess.
  • the effective width is therefore constant in the areas of the axial end portions and has a symmetrical to the center plane a V-shaped profile with minimum in the axial center of the cutting pad.
  • the recess 460 in the cutting surface 420 fixed to the cutting medium carrier 410 has a biconvex lens shape whose length in the longitudinal direction L is approximately two to three times greater than the width measured in the transverse direction Q. ximale width in the axial center of the recess.
  • the fully cut-away axial end portions E1 and E2 of the cutting surface 425 are narrower here than in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 3 (between about 10% and about 5% of the axial length of the cutting pad).
  • the effective width varies between a maximum value in the axial end regions and a minimum value in the axial center corresponding to a smooth profile with a local minimum in the axial center.
  • Fig. 5A corresponds approximately to the variant of Fig. 3, in which the effective width of the cutting surface in the center of the cutting surface, i. at the location of the largest width of the diamond-shaped recess, only about 30% to 40% of the maximum effective width in the end ranges.
  • the recess 560 is narrower in the central region, so that the effective width in the middle is approximately between 40% and 50% of the effective width of the cutting surface in the axial end regions.
  • a further flattening of the middle region of a fundamentally crowned shape of the machined workpiece section can then result if an even smaller variation of the effective width in the longitudinal direction is produced, as is schematically shown, for example, in FIG. 5C.
  • the effective width in the axial center region is about 60% to 80% of the maximum effective width in the axial end regions.
  • a generatrix line shape can be achieved which is more or less cylindrical in its central region and is convexly curved only in the axial end regions of the machined workpiece section.
  • Finish tools of the type shown here and the variants described in this application make it possible to influence rotationally symmetrical, possibly initially more or less cylindrical, workpiece sections in their axial contours in a targeted manner. It is possible to better correct long-axial defects in the axial direction with the aid of such rigid finishing tools than with conventional finishing tools.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil de finition (300) servant à effectuer une opération de finition sur une partie de pièce à usiner symétrique en rotation. Ledit outil de finition tourne autour d'un axe de rotation de pièce à usiner lors de l'opération de finition. Il comprend un support de moyen de coupe (310) et une garniture de coupe (320) qui est fixée sur le support de moyen de coupe. La garniture de coupe comporte une face de coupe (325) prévue pour être pressée à plat contre la partie de pièce à usiner lors d'une opération de finition. La garniture de coupe définit une direction longitudinale (L) à orienter essentiellement de manière parallèle par rapport à l'axe de rotation de pièce à usiner et une direction transversale (Q) s'étendant de manière perpendiculaire par rapport à celle-ci. La face de coupe (325) présente une forme concave dans la direction transversale. Une largeur active mesurée dans la direction transversale (Q) de la face de coupe varie dans la direction longitudinale (L) de la face de coupe.
EP15729844.9A 2014-06-23 2015-06-17 Outil de finition Active EP3157709B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014211938.3A DE102014211938A1 (de) 2014-06-23 2014-06-23 Finish-Werkzeug
PCT/EP2015/063612 WO2015197449A1 (fr) 2014-06-23 2015-06-17 Outil de finition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3157709A1 true EP3157709A1 (fr) 2017-04-26
EP3157709B1 EP3157709B1 (fr) 2018-09-26

Family

ID=53433206

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15729844.9A Active EP3157709B1 (fr) 2014-06-23 2015-06-17 Outil de finition

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3157709B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106573357B (fr)
DE (1) DE102014211938A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015197449A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015122189A1 (de) * 2015-12-18 2017-06-22 Thielenhaus Technologies Gmbh Finishwerkzeug mit lokal variierender Schnittigkeit

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4240232A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-12-23 Giddings & Lewis, Inc. Coated abrasive superfinishing stone and method of making same
JPS6274964U (fr) * 1985-10-29 1987-05-13
DE19607821A1 (de) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-04 Nagel Masch Werkzeug Vorrichtung zur Finish-Bearbeitung, insbesondere von Kurbel- oder Nockenwellen
DE19919893A1 (de) 1999-04-30 2000-11-09 Junker Erwin Maschf Gmbh Vor- und Fertigschleifen einer Kurbelwelle in einer Aufspannung
FR2808463B1 (fr) * 2000-05-04 2002-09-13 Procedes Et Machines Speciales Machine d'usinage par bande abrasive de portees cylindriques sur des pieces
DE10342137B4 (de) 2003-09-12 2010-07-29 Thielenhaus Technologies Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Finishbearbeitung von Wellen, insbesondere von Kurbel- und Nockenwellen
CN1785595A (zh) * 2005-12-08 2006-06-14 江苏万工科技集团有限公司 差动送布曲柄的圆弧槽的加工工艺及设备
CN101100040A (zh) * 2006-07-07 2008-01-09 林振龄 球芯磨削方法
JP5441398B2 (ja) * 2008-12-15 2014-03-12 Ｎｔｎ株式会社 機械部品およびその超仕上げ加工方法
CN201357368Y (zh) * 2009-03-13 2009-12-09 黄建平 陶瓷砖抛光机冷却机构
EP2327510B1 (fr) * 2009-11-25 2011-07-06 Supfina Grieshaber GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de finition
FR2975621A3 (fr) * 2011-05-24 2012-11-30 Renault Sa Procede de toilage de portees cylindriques convexes et dispositif correspondant
EP2712702B1 (fr) * 2012-10-01 2014-12-03 Supfina Grieshaber GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de finition de bande, système de finition de bande et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de finition de bande

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106573357A (zh) 2017-04-19
CN106573357B (zh) 2019-09-20
DE102014211938A1 (de) 2015-12-24
EP3157709B1 (fr) 2018-09-26
WO2015197449A1 (fr) 2015-12-30

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